TY - JOUR A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei A1 - Sevostianov, Igor T1 - Determination of macroscopic stress from diffraction experiments BT - a critical discussion JF - Journal of applied physics N2 - The paper is motivated by some inconsistencies and contradictions present in the literature on the calculation of the so-called diffraction elastic constants. In an attempt at unifying the views that the two communities of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials have on the subject, we revisit and define the terminology used in the field. We also clarify the limitations of the commonly used approaches and show that a unified methodology is also applicable to textured materials with a nearly arbitrary grain shape. We finally compare the predictions based on this methodology with experimental data obtained by in situ synchrotron radiation diffraction on additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy. We show that (a) the transverse isotropy of the material yields good agreement between the best-fit isotropy approximation (equivalent to the classic Kroner's model) and the experimental data and (b) the use of a general framework allows the calculation of all components of the tensor of diffraction elastic constants, which are not easily measurable by diffraction methods. This allows us to extend the current state-of-the-art with a predictive tool. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0009101 SN - 0021-8979 SN - 1089-7550 VL - 128 IS - 2 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Sydow, Benjamin A1 - Thiede, Tobias A1 - Sizova, Irina A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Bambach, Markus A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Residual stress and microstructure of a Ti-6Al-4V Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing hybrid demonstrator JF - Metals N2 - Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) features high deposition rates and, thus, allows production of large components that are relevant for aerospace applications. However, a lot of aerospace parts are currently produced by forging or machining alone to ensure fast production and to obtain good mechanical properties; the use of these conventional process routes causes high tooling and material costs. A hybrid approach (a combination of forging and WAAM) allows making production more efficient. In this fashion, further structural or functional features can be built in any direction without using additional tools for every part. By using a combination of forging basic geometries with one tool set and adding the functional features by means of WAAM, the tool costs and material waste can be reduced compared to either completely forged or machined parts. One of the factors influencing the structural integrity of additively manufactured parts are (high) residual stresses, generated during the build process. In this study, the triaxial residual stress profiles in a hybrid WAAM part are reported, as determined by neutron diffraction. The analysis is complemented by microstructural investigations, showing a gradient of microstructure (shape and size of grains) along the part height. The highest residual stresses were found in the transition zone (between WAAM and forged part). The total stress range showed to be lower than expected for WAAM components. This could be explained by the thermal history of the component. KW - residual stress KW - WAAM KW - Ti-6Al-4V KW - additive manufacturing KW - neutron KW - diffraction KW - hybrid manufacturing Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060701 SN - 2075-4701 VL - 10 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Serrano-Munoz, Itziar A1 - Fritsch, Tobias A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Trofimov, Anton A1 - Apel, Daniel A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Hesse, Rene A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - On the interplay of microstructure and residual stress in LPBF IN718 JF - Journal of materials science N2 - The relationship between residual stresses and microstructure associated with a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) IN718 alloy has been investigated on specimens produced with three different scanning strategies (unidirectional Y-scan, 90 degrees XY-scan, and 67 degrees Rot-scan). Synchrotron X-ray energy-dispersive diffraction (EDXRD) combined with optical profilometry was used to study residual stress (RS) distribution and distortion upon removal of the specimens from the baseplate. The microstructural characterization of both the bulk and the near-surface regions was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). On the top surfaces of the specimens, the highest RS values are observed in the Y-scan specimen and the lowest in the Rot-scan specimen, while the tendency is inversed on the side lateral surfaces. A considerable amount of RS remains in the specimens after their removal from the baseplate, especially in the Y- and Z-direction (short specimen dimension and building direction (BD), respectively). The distortion measured on the top surface following baseplate thinning and subsequent removal is mainly attributed to the amount of RS released in the build direction. Importantly, it is observed that the additive manufacturing microstructures challenge the use of classic theoretical models for the calculation of diffraction elastic constants (DEC) required for diffraction-based RS analysis. It is found that when the Reuss model is used for the calculation of RS for different crystal planes, as opposed to the conventionally used Kroner model, the results exhibit lower scatter. This is discussed in context of experimental measurements of DEC available in the literature for conventional and additively manufactured Ni-base alloys. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05553-y SN - 0022-2461 SN - 1573-4803 VL - 56 IS - 9 SP - 5845 EP - 5867 PB - Springer CY - New York ER -