TY - GEN A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - Veríssimo, Joao Marques A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Inflectional morphology in bilingual language processing BT - an age-of-acquisition study T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study addresses the question of how age of acquisition (AoA) affects grammatical processing, specifically with respect to inflectional morphology, in bilinguals. We examined experimental data of more than 100 participants from the Russian/German community in Berlin, all of whom acquired Russian from birth and German at different ages. Using the cross-modal lexical priming technique, we investigated stem allomorphs of German verbs that encode multiple morphosyntactic features. The results revealed a striking AoA modulation of observed priming patterns, indicating efficient access to morphosyntactic features for early AoAs and a gradual decline with increasing AoAs. In addition, we found a discontinuity in the function relating AoA to morphosyntactic feature access, suggesting a sensitive period for the development of morphosyntax. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 569 KW - critical-period KW - 2nd-language grammar KW - adjectives KW - lexicon KW - L1 KW - L2 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433371 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 569 SP - 339 EP - 360 ER - TY - THES A1 - Burmester, Juliane T1 - Linguistic and visual salience in sentence comprehension T1 - Linguistische und visuelle Salienz im Satzverständnis BT - evidence from behavioural and electrophysiological studies BT - Evidenz aus behavioralen and elektrophysiologischen Studien N2 - Interlocutors typically link their utterances to the discourse environment and enrich communication by linguistic (e.g., information packaging) and extra-linguistic (e.g., eye gaze, gestures) means to optimize information transfer. Psycholinguistic studies underline that ‒for meaning computation‒ listeners profit from linguistic and visual cues that draw their focus of attention to salient information. This dissertation is the first work that examines how linguistic compared to visual salience cues influence sentence comprehension using the very same experimental paradigms and materials, that is, German subject-before-object (SO) and object-before-subject (OS) sentences, across the two cue modalities. Linguistic salience was induced by indicating a referent as the aboutness topic. Visual salience was induced by implicit (i.e., unconscious) or explicit (i.e., shared) manipulations of listeners’ attention to a depicted referent. In Study 1, a selective, facilitative impact of linguistic salience on the context-sensitive OS word order was found using offline comprehensibility judgments. More precisely, during online sentence processing, this impact was characterized by a reduced sentence-initial Late positivity which reflects reduced processing costs for updating the current mental representation of discourse. This facilitative impact of linguistic salience was not replicated by means of an implicit visual cue (Study 2) shown to modulate word order preferences during sentence production. However, a gaze shift to a depicted referent as an indicator of shared attention eased sentence-initial processing similar to linguistic salience as revealed by reduced reading times (Study 3). Yet, this cue did not modulate the strong subject-antecedent preference during later pronoun resolution like linguistic salience. Taken together, these findings suggest a significant impact of linguistic and visual salience cues on sentence comprehension, which substantiates that both the information delivered via language and via the visual environment is integrated into the mental representation of the discourse; but, the way how salience is induced is crucial to its impact. N2 - In der alltäglichen Kommunikation optimieren Gesprächspartner den Informationstransfer typischerweise durch linguistische und extra-linguistische, visuelle Hinweise (z.B. Blickbewegungen, Zeigegesten), mittels derer sie ihre Äußerungen mit dem Diskursumfeld verknüpfen. Psycholinguistische Studien unterstreichen, dass Zuhörer für das Verstehen von Sätzen sowohl von linguistischen als auch visuellen Hinweisreizen profitieren, die ihre Aufmerksamkeit auf saliente Informationen lenken. Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, zu charakterisieren, ob und inwiefern visuelle im Vergleich zu linguistischer Salienz das Satzverständnis beeinflusst. Linguistische Salienz wurde durch das Einführen eines Referenten, als sog. Topik, induziert. Visuelle Salienz wurde durch implizite (unbewusste) oder explizite (bewusste) Manipulationen der Aufmerksamkeit von erwachsenen StudienteilnehmerInnen auf einen visuell abgebildeten Referenten hervorgerufen. Im Fokus der drei Studien dieser Dissertation steht die Untersuchung des Einflusses von linguistischer und visueller Salienz auf die satzinitiale Verarbeitung von kanonischen Subjekt-Verb-Objekt (SO)- und nicht-kanonischen Objekt-Verb-Subjekt (OS)-Sätzen im Deutschen, wobei in beiden Modalitäten dieselben experimentellen Paradigmen verwendet werden. Studie 1 liefert Evidenz für einen selektiven, erleichternden Einfluss von zuvor induzierter linguistischer Salienz auf das Verstehen von OS-Sätzen. Dieser Einfluss linguistischer Salienz zeigte sich sowohl nach der Präsentation der Zielsätze, nämlich anhand behavioraler Daten zur Beurteilung des Verständnisses, als auch während des Lesens von OS-Sätzen, nämlich in Form einer satzinitialen, reduzierten späten Positivierung (sog. Late Positivity) in den ereigniskorrelierten Potentialen der elektrophysiologischen Messung. Dieser erleichternde Einfluss der linguistischen Salienz wurde nicht durch die implizite, visuelle Manipulation der Aufmerksamkeit der StudienteilnehmerInnen auf einen visuell abgebildeten Referenten repliziert (Studie 2). In Studie 3 weist die explizite, intentionale Manipulation der Aufmerksamkeit der StudienteilnehmerInnen mittels der Blickbewegung einer (virtuellen) Person auf einen visuell abgebildeten Referenten jedoch auf eine satzinitiale Verarbeitungserleichterung in Form verkürzter Lesezeiten von SO- und OS-Sätzen hin. Dieser Effekt visueller Salienz ähnelte zwar dem Einfluss linguistischer Salienz während des satzinitialen Lesens, unterschied sich jedoch von dieser während der anschließenden Pronomeninterpretation. Zusammengefasst liefern die Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation Evidenz für einen signifikanten Einfluss linguistischer und visueller Salienz auf das Satzverständnis, wobei die kontextuelle Einbettung von Salienzmerkmalen eine entscheidende Rolle für die Integration von Information in die mentale Diskursrepräsentation spielt. KW - sentence processing KW - sentence comprehension KW - linguistic salience KW - visual salience KW - aboutness topic KW - German word order KW - information structure KW - discourse context KW - mental representation KW - Satzverarbeitung KW - Satzverständnis KW - linguistische Salienz KW - visuelle Salienz KW - Topik KW - Wortstellung im Deutschen KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Diskurskontext KW - mentale Repräsentation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-443155 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Negra, Yassine A1 - Capranica, Laura A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - A Needs Analysis of Karate Kumite With Recommendations for Performance Testing and Training JF - Strength and conditioning journal N2 - An effective training program needs to be customized to the specific demands of the redpective sport. Therefore, it is important to conduct a needs analysis to gain information on the unique characteristics of the sport. The objectives of thes review were (A) to conduct a systematic needs analysis of karate kumite and (B) to provide practical recommendations for sport-specific performance testing and training of karate kumite athletes. KW - sport profile KW - striking combat sports KW - strength KW - power KW - energetic systems KW - injury KW - assessment Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000445 SN - 1524-1602 SN - 1533-4295 VL - 41 IS - 3 SP - 35 EP - 46 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Clahsen, Harald A1 - Jessen, Anna T1 - Do bilingual children lag behind? A study of morphological encoding using ERPs JF - Journal of child language N2 - The current study investigates how bilingual children encode and produce morphologically complex words. We employed a silent-production-plus-delayed-vocalization paradigm in which event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during silent encoding of inflected words which were subsequently cued to be overtly produced. The bilingual children's spoken responses and their ERPs were compared to previous datasets from monolingual children on the same task. We found an enhanced negativity for regular relative to irregular forms during silent production in both bilingual children's languages, replicating the ERP effect previously obtained from monolingual children. Nevertheless, the bilingual children produced more morphological errors (viz. over-regularizations) than monolingual children. We conclude that mechanisms of morphological encoding (as measured by ERPs) are parallel for bilingual and monolingual children, and that the increased over-regularization rates are due to their reduced exposure to each of the two languages (relative to monolingual children). KW - morphology KW - event-related brain potentials KW - bilingualism Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000919000321 SN - 0305-0009 SN - 1469-7602 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 955 EP - 979 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Clahsen, Harald A1 - Jessen, Anna T1 - Do bilingual children lag behind? BT - A study of morphological encoding using ERPs T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The current study investigates how bilingual children encode and produce morphologically complex words. We employed a silent-production-plus-delayed-vocalization paradigm in which event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during silent encoding of inflected words which were subsequently cued to be overtly produced. The bilingual children's spoken responses and their ERPs were compared to previous datasets from monolingual children on the same task. We found an enhanced negativity for regular relative to irregular forms during silent production in both bilingual children's languages, replicating the ERP effect previously obtained from monolingual children. Nevertheless, the bilingual children produced more morphological errors (viz. over-regularizations) than monolingual children. We conclude that mechanisms of morphological encoding (as measured by ERPs) are parallel for bilingual and monolingual children, and that the increased over-regularization rates are due to their reduced exposure to each of the two languages (relative to monolingual children). T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 682 KW - morphology KW - event-related brain potentials KW - bilingualism Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469727 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 682 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Czapka, Sophia A1 - Wotschack, Christiane A1 - Klassert, Annegret A1 - Festman, Julia T1 - A path to the bilingual advantage BT - pairwise matching of individuals T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Matching participants (as suggested by Hope, 2015) may be one promising option for research on a potential bilingual advantage in executive functions (EF). In this study we first compared performances in three EF-tasks of a naturally heterogeneous sample of monolingual (n = 69, age = 9.0 y) and multilingual children (n = 57, age = 9.3 y). Secondly, we meticulously matched participants pairwise to obtain two highly homogeneous groups to rerun our analysis and investigate a potential bilingual advantage. The initally disadvantaged multilinguals (regarding socioeconomic status and German lexicon size) performed worse in updating and response inhibition, but similarly in interference inhibition. This indicates that superior EF compensate for the detrimental effects of the background variables. After matching children pairwise on age, gender, intelligence, socioeconomic status and German lexicon size, performances became similar except for interference inhibition. Here, an advantage for multilinguals in the form of globally reduced reaction times emerged, indicating a bilingual executive processing advantage. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 688 KW - executive functions KW - bilingualism KW - interference inhibition KW - pairwise matching KW - primary school children KW - background variables KW - lexicon size Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469736 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 688 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demske, Ulrike T1 - Aspectual features and categorial shift BT - deverbal nominals in German and English JF - Language sciences N2 - The point of departure of this paper is the claim by Heyvaert, Maekelberghe & Buyle (2019) that the suffix -ing has no aspectual meaning in English gerunds. Rather, the interpretation of nominal and verbal gerunds depends, so they argue, on situation or viewpoint aspect, a claim that contradicts the wide-spread view that the aspectual meaning of English gerunds is brought about by the nominalizing suffix. The present paper addresses the issue from a comparative perspective, focusing on German ung-nominals: while they share aspectual features with their English counterparts, empirical evidence from productivity, distribution, and argument linking shows (i) that the derivational suffix -ung imposes aspectual restrictions on possible verb bases, and (ii) that with respect to argument linking, the deverbal nominal favors the state component of a complex event predicate over its process component. From the historical record of German, we learn that these aspectual restrictions do not hold for ung-nominals in earlier periods of German. With the rise of aspectual restrictions, the nominalization pattern turns more nominal resulting in a position further towards the nominal end of the deverbalization continuum. It appears, then, that it is only in the historical pariods of German that ung-nominals pattern with English nominals as regards their aspectual features. Currently, German ung-nominals are more noun-like than nominal (and verbal) gerunds in English. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2018.08.006 SN - 0388-0001 SN - 1873-5746 VL - 73 SP - 50 EP - 61 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eckstein, Lars A1 - Schwarz, Anja T1 - Authors’ Response: The Making of Tupaia's Map Revisited T2 - The journal of pacific history Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2019.1657500 SN - 1469-9605 SN - 0022-3344 VL - 54 IS - 4 SP - 549 EP - 561 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckstein, Lars A1 - Schwarz, Anja T1 - Vision d'une mer faite d'îles: la carte de Tupaia (1769-1770) JF - Bulletin de la Société des Etudes Océaniennes : Polynésie Orientale Y1 - 2019 SN - 0373-8957 SN - 0378-083X VL - 347 IS - Janvier / Avril SP - 6 EP - 23 PB - Soc. CY - Papeete ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Do processing resource limitations shape heritage language grammars? JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000397 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 24 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York ER -