TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Hellmuth, Sam A1 - Kügler, Frank A1 - Mayer, Jörg T1 - Phonology and intonation JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS N2 - The encoding standards for phonology and intonation are designed to facilitate consistent annotation of the phonological and intonational aspects of information structure, in languages across a range of prosodic types. The guidelines are designed with the aim that a nonspecialist in phonology can both implement and interpret the resulting annotation. Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22217 SN - 1614-4708 SN - 1866-4725 IS - 7 SP - 29 EP - 53 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Herbst, Laura ED - Ishihara, Shinichiro ED - Schmitz, Michaela ED - Schwarz, Anne T1 - German sentence accent revisited JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 N2 - Results of a production experiment on the placement of sentence accent in German are reported. The hypothesis that German fulfills some of the most widely accepted rules of accent assignment— predicting focus domain integration—was only partly confirmed. Adjacency between argument and verb induces a single accent on the argument, as recognized in the literature, but interruption of this sequence by a modifier often induces remodeling of the accent pattern with a single accent on the modifier. The verb is rarely stressed. All models based on linear alignment or adjacency between elements belonging to a single accent domain fail to account for this result. A cyclic analysis of prosodic domain formation is proposed in an optimality-theoretic framework that can explain the accent pattern. Japanese wh-questions always exhibit focus intonation (FI). Furthermore, the domain of FI exhibits a correspondence to the wh-scope. I propose that this phonology-semantics correspondence is a result of the cyclic computation of FI, which is explained under the notion of Multiple Spell-Out in the recent Minimalist framework. The proposed analysis makes two predictions: (1) embedding of an FI into another is possible; (2) (overt) movement of a wh-phrase to a phase edge position causes a mismatch between FI and wh-scope. Both predictions are tested experimentally, and shown to be borne out. KW - Prosody KW - Syntax KW - Information structure Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8273 SN - 1614-4708 SN - 1866-4725 IS - 1 SP - 43 EP - 75 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Kügler, Frank T1 - Pitch accent scaling on given, new and focused constituents in German N2 - The influence of information structure on tonal scaling in German is examined experimentally. Eighteen speakers uttered a total of 2277 sentences of the same syntactic structure, but with a varying number of constituents, word order and focus-given structure. The quantified results for German support findings for other Germanic languages that the scaling of high tones, and thus the entire melodic pattern, is influenced by information structure. Narrow focus raised the high tones of pitch accents, while givenness lowered them in prenuclear position and canceled them out postnuclearly. The effects of focus and givenness are calculated against all-new sentences as a baseline, which we expected to be characterized by downstep, a significantly lower scaling of high tones as compared to declination. The results further show that information structure alone cannot account for all variations. We therefore assume that dissimilatory tonal effects play a crucial role in the tonal scaling of German. The effects consist of final f0 drop, a steep fall from a raised high tone to the bottom line of the speaker, H-raising before a low tone, and H-lowering before a raised high tone. No correlation between word order and tone scaling could be established. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Contrastive stress KW - intonation Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46091 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Föllner, Ursula A1 - Luther, Saskia T1 - Niederdeutsch im Bildungsbereich BT - Spracherwerb und Sprachbetrachtung von der Kindertagesstätte bis zur Universität, das Beispiel Sachsen-Anhalt JF - Region – Sprache – Literatur Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403080 SP - 183 EP - 196 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gagarina, Natalʹja Vladimirovna A1 - Posse, Dorothea A1 - Düsterhöft, Stefanie A1 - Topaj, Nathalie A1 - Acikgöz, Duygu T1 - Sprachförderung bei Mehrsprachigkeit : erste Ergebnisse der BIVEM-Studie zur Wirksamkeit von Sprachförderung bei jüngeren mehrsprachigen Kindern BT - Eine Studie des Berliner Interdisziplinären Verbundes für Mehrsprachigkeit (BIVEM) JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik N2 - 1 Einleitung 2 Methodik 3 Ergebnisse 4 Diskussion 5 Fazit 6 Literatur KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - Hörstörungen KW - Cochlea-Implantat KW - Hören KW - patholinguistics KW - speech/language therapy KW - hearing loss KW - cochlear implant KW - hearing Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71518 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 7 SP - 139 EP - 148 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gamper, Jana T1 - The role of case and animacy in biand monolingual children’s sentence interpretation in German BT - a developmental perspective T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Philosophische Reihe N2 - German-speaking children appear to have a strong N1-bias when interpreting non-canonical OVSsentences. During sentence interpretation, especially unambiguous accusative and dative case markers (den ‘the-ACC’ and dem ‘the-DAT’) weaken the N1-bias and help building up sentence interpretation strategies on the basis of morphological cues. Still, the N1-bias prevails beyond the age of five (Brandt et al. 2016, Cristante 2016, Dittmar et al. 2008) and remains until puberty (Lidzba et al. 2013). This paper investigates whether prototypical case-animacy coalitions (denACC + N INANIMATE and demDAT + N ANIMATE ) strengthen a morphologically based sentence interpretation strategy in German. The experiment discussed in this paper tests for effects of such case-animacy coalitions in mono- and bilingual primary school children. 20 German monolinguals, 12 Dutch-German and 17 Russian-German bilinguals with a mean age of 9;6 were tested in a forced-choice off-line experiment. Results indicate that case-animacy coalitions weaken the N1-bias in OVS-conditions in German monolinguals and Dutch-German bilinguals, while no effects were found for Russian-German bilinguals. Together with an analysis of individual differences, these group-specific effects are discussed in terms of a developmental approach that represents a gradual cue strength adjustment process in mono- and bilingual children. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 163 KW - sentence interpretation KW - L2 German KW - case-animacy Y1 - 1019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434898 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 163 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gamper, Jana T1 - The role of case and animacy in biand monolingual children’s sentence interpretation in German BT - a developmental perspective JF - Open Linguistics N2 - German-speaking children appear to have a strong N1-bias when interpreting non-canonical OVSsentences. During sentence interpretation, especially unambiguous accusative and dative case markers (den ‘the-ACC’ and dem ‘the-DAT’) weaken the N1-bias and help building up sentence interpretation strategies on the basis of morphological cues. Still, the N1-bias prevails beyond the age of five (Brandt et al. 2016, Cristante 2016, Dittmar et al. 2008) and remains until puberty (Lidzba et al. 2013). This paper investigates whether prototypical case-animacy coalitions (denACC + N INANIMATE and demDAT + N ANIMATE ) strengthen a morphologically based sentence interpretation strategy in German. The experiment discussed in this paper tests for effects of such case-animacy coalitions in mono- and bilingual primary school children. 20 German monolinguals, 12 Dutch-German and 17 Russian-German bilinguals with a mean age of 9;6 were tested in a forced-choice off-line experiment. Results indicate that case-animacy coalitions weaken the N1-bias in OVS-conditions in German monolinguals and Dutch-German bilinguals, while no effects were found for Russian-German bilinguals. Together with an analysis of individual differences, these group-specific effects are discussed in terms of a developmental approach that represents a gradual cue strength adjustment process in mono- and bilingual children. KW - sentence interpretation KW - L2 German KW - case-animacy Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2019-0001 SN - 2300-9969 VL - 5 IS - 1 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Garcia, Francisca T1 - Mundos comunes T1 - Gemein(sam)e Welten BT - redes artísticas y tramas documentales en los setenta latinoamericanos BT - künstlerische Netzwerke und dokumentarische Gewebe in den lateinamerikanischen siebziger Jahren N2 - Vor dem Hintergrund unterschiedlicher Bewegungen und künstlerischer Dialoge in den siebziger und achtziger Jahren, stellt ihre Doktorarbeit den Begriff des „Lateinamerikanischen“ auf dem Gebiet der Kunst und Kultur in Frage. Über eine „sammelnde Reise“ von Spuren, Zeichen und Fährten durch europäische Städte, analysiert die Arbeit die Begriffe Ort, Gemeinschaft und kulturelles Gedächtnis, um eine neue Form des lateinamerikanischen Kontinents bilden zu können. N2 - A partir de la constatación de una serie de movimientos y diálogos artísticos, correspondientes a las décadas del setenta y ochenta, su tesis doctoral interroga la noción de “lo latinoamericano” en el ámbito del arte y la cultura. La investigación realiza un “viaje recopilatorio” de documentos a través de distintas ciudades europeas que permiten problematizar el lugar, la comunidad y la memoria cultural de lo latinoamericano. KW - archive KW - community KW - Latin American art KW - artistic network KW - 70s KW - archivo KW - redes artísticas transatlánticas KW - comunidad KW - arte latinoamericano KW - años 70 Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400582 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Garcia, Rowena A1 - Roeser, Jens A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Children's online use of word order and morphosyntactic markers in Tagalog thematic role assignment BT - an eye-tracking study T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We investigated whether Tagalog-speaking children incrementally interpret the first noun as the agent, even if verbal and nominal markers for assigning thematic roles are given early in Tagalog sentences. We asked five- and seven-year-old children and adult controls to select which of two pictures of reversible actions matched the sentence they heard, while their looks to the pictures were tracked. Accuracy and eye-tracking data showed that agent-initial sentences were easier to comprehend than patient-initial sentences, but the effect of word order was modulated by voice. Moreover, our eye-tracking data provided evidence that, by the first noun phrase, seven-year-old children looked more to the target in the agent-initial compared to the patient-initial conditions, but this word order advantage was no longer observed by the second noun phrase. The findings support language processing and acquisition models which emphasize the role of frequency in developing heuristic strategies (e.g., Chang, Dell, & Bock, 2006). T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 673 KW - Tagalog acquisition KW - sentence comprehension KW - word order KW - morphosyntax KW - thematic role assignment Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469678 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 673 SP - 533 EP - 555 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Garcia, Rowena A1 - Roeser, Jens A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Thematic role assignment in the L1 acquisition of Tagalog BT - use of word order and morphosyntactic markers T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - It is a common finding across languages that young children have problems in understanding patient-initial sentences. We used Tagalog, a verb-initial language with a reliable voice-marking system and highly frequent patient voice constructions, to test the predictions of several accounts that have been proposed to explain this difficulty: the frequency account, the Competition Model, and the incremental processing account. Study 1 presents an analysis of Tagalog child-directed speech, which showed that the dominant argument order is agent-before-patient and that morphosyntactic markers are highly valid cues to thematic role assignment. In Study 2, we used a combined self-paced listening and picture verification task to test how Tagalog-speaking adults and 5- and 7-year-old children process reversible transitive sentences. Results showed that adults performed well in all conditions, while children's accuracy and listening times for the first noun phrase indicated more difficulty in interpreting patient-initial sentences in the agent voice compared to the patient voice. The patient voice advantage is partly explained by both the frequency account and incremental processing account. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 491 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420598 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 491 ER - TY - THES A1 - Garoufi, Konstantina T1 - Interactive generation of effective discourse in situated context : a planning-based approach T1 - Interaktive Generierung von effektivem Diskurs in situiertem Kontext: Ein planungsbasierter Ansatz N2 - As our modern-built structures are becoming increasingly complex, carrying out basic tasks such as identifying points or objects of interest in our surroundings can consume considerable time and cognitive resources. In this thesis, we present a computational approach to converting contextual information about a person's physical environment into natural language, with the aim of helping this person identify given task-related entities in their environment. Using efficient methods from automated planning - the field of artificial intelligence concerned with finding courses of action that can achieve a goal -, we generate discourse that interactively guides a hearer through completing their task. Our approach addresses the challenges of controlling, adapting to, and monitoring the situated context. To this end, we develop a natural language generation system that plans how to manipulate the non-linguistic context of a scene in order to make it more favorable for references to task-related objects. This strategy distributes a hearer's cognitive load of interpreting a reference over multiple utterances rather than one long referring expression. Further, to optimize the system's linguistic choices in a given context, we learn how to distinguish speaker behavior according to its helpfulness to hearers in a certain situation, and we model the behavior of human speakers that has been proven helpful. The resulting system combines symbolic with statistical reasoning, and tackles the problem of making non-trivial referential choices in rich context. Finally, we complement our approach with a mechanism for preventing potential misunderstandings after a reference has been generated. Employing remote eye-tracking technology, we monitor the hearer's gaze and find that it provides a reliable index of online referential understanding, even in dynamically changing scenes. We thus present a system that exploits hearer gaze to generate rapid feedback on a per-utterance basis, further enhancing its effectiveness. Though we evaluate our approach in virtual environments, the efficiency of our planning-based model suggests that this work could be a step towards effective conversational human-computer interaction situated in the real world. N2 - Die zunehmende Komplexität moderner Gebäude und Infrastrukturen führt dazu, dass alltägliche Aktivitäten, wie z.B. die Identifizierung von gesuchten Objekten in unserer Umgebung und das Auffinden von Orten, beträchtliche Zeit und kognitive Ressourcen in Anspruch nehmen können. In dieser Dissertation werden computerbasierte Verfahren präsentiert, welche eine Person dabei unterstützen, Zielobjekte in Ihrem Umfeld zu identifizieren. Dabei werden Informationen über die Situation und das physische Umfeld der Person - der sog. situierte Kontext - in natürliche Sprache umgewandelt. So wird Diskurs generiert, der einen Hörer interaktiv zum Erreichen eines Zieles bzw. zum Abschließen einer Aufgabe führt. Hierbei kommen Methoden aus der Planung zum Einsatz, einem Gebiet der künstlichen Intelligenz, welches sich mit der Berechnung von zielgerichteten Handlungsabfolgen beschäftigt. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Verfahren widmen sich den Herausforderungen der Kontrolle des situierten Kontexts, der Anpassung an den situierten Kontext sowie der Überwachung des situierten Kontexts. Zu diesem Zweck wird zunächst ein Sprachgenerierungssystem entwickelt, das plant, wie der nicht-linguistische Kontext einer Szene manipuliert werden kann, damit die Referenz auf relevante Objekte erleichtert wird. Dadurch ist es möglich, die kognitive Beanspruchung eines Hörers bei der Interpretation einer Referenz über mehrere sprachliche Äußerungen zu verteilen. Damit die linguistischen Entscheidungen des Systems in einem vorgegebenen Kontext optimiert werden können, wird weiterhin gelernt, die Äußerungen von Sprechern danach zu differenzieren, wie hilfreich sie in bestimmten Situationen für die Hörer waren. Dabei wird das Verhalten von menschlichen Sprechern, welches sich als hilfreich erwiesen hat, modelliert. Das daraus entstehende System kombiniert symbolisches und statistisches Schließen und stellt somit einen Lösungsansatz für das Problem dar, wie nicht-triviale referentielle Entscheidungen in reichem Kontext getroffen werden können. Zum Schluss wird ein komplementärer Mechanismus vorgestellt, der potentielle Missverständnisse bzgl. generierter Referenzen verhindern kann. Zu diesem Zweck kommt Blickerfassungstechnologie zum Einsatz. Auf Basis der Überwachung und Auswertung des Blicks des Hörers können Rückschlüsse über die Interpretation gegebener Referenzen gemacht werden; dieser Mechanismus funktioniert auch in sich dynamisch verändernden Szenen zuverlässig. Somit wird ein System präsentiert, welches den Blick des Hörers nutzt, um rasch Feedback zu generieren. Dieses Vorgehen verbessert die Effektivität des Diskurses zusätzlich. Die vorgestellten Verfahren werden in virtuellen Umwelten evaluiert. Die Effizienz des planungsbasierten Modells ist allerdings ein Indiz dafür, dass die in dieser Arbeit gemachten Vorschläge dazu dienen können, effektive Mensch-Computer-Interaktion auf Basis von Sprache auch in der realen Welt umzusetzen. KW - natural language generation KW - human-computer interaction KW - situated context KW - effective discourse KW - automated planning Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-69108 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Genzel, Susanne A1 - Kügler, Frank T1 - How to elicit semi-spontaneous focus realizations with specific tonal patterns JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 N2 - This article presents a situation description production experiment investigating the interaction between syntax and information structure in Akan, a tone language that belongs to the Kwa branch of the Niger- Congo family spoken in Ghana. Information structure was elicited via context questions that put the object in narrow informational focus or narrow corrective focus while controlling for the tonal structure of the target word. Contrary to the prediction that corrective focus is marked by fronting and morphological marking of the focused constituent the data suggest that the in-situ strategy is the preferred one. KW - Akan KW - information structure KW - syntax Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-49749 SN - 1614-4708 SN - 1866-4725 IS - 13 SP - 77 EP - 102 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerstenberg, Annette A1 - Skupien-Dekens, Carine T1 - A grammar of authority? BT - directive Speech Acts and terms of address in two single-genre corpora of Classical French JF - Journal of historical pragmatics N2 - Directive Speech Acts (dsas) are a major feature of historical pragmatics, specifically in research on historical (im)politeness. However, for Classical French, there is a lack of research on related phenomena. In our contribution, we present two recently constructed corpora covering the period of Classical French, sermo and apwcf. We present these corpora in terms of their genre characteristics on a communicative-functional and socio-pragmatic level. Based on the observation that, both in sermo and apwcf, dsas frequently occur together with terms of address, we analyse and manually code a sample based on this co-occurrence, and we compare the results with regard to special features in the individual corpora. The emerging patterns show a clear correspondence between socio-pragmatic factors and the linguistic means used to realise dsas. We propose that these results can be interpreted as signs of an underlying "grammar of authority". KW - corpus KW - correspondence KW - directive speech acts KW - politeness KW - sermons KW - terms of address Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.17006.ger SN - 1566-5852 SN - 1569-9854 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 33 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Co. CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Gerth, Sabrina T1 - Memory limitations in sentence comprehension T1 - Begrenzungen des Arbeitsgedächtnisses in der Satzverarbeitung BT - a structural-based complexity metric of processing difficulty BT - eine strukturbasierte Komplexitätsmetrik von Verarbeitungsschwierigkeiten N2 - This dissertation addresses the question of how linguistic structures can be represented in working memory. We propose a memory-based computational model that derives offline and online complexity profiles in terms of a top-down parser for minimalist grammars (Stabler, 2011). The complexity metric reflects the amount of time an item is stored in memory. The presented architecture links grammatical representations stored in memory directly to the cognitive behavior by deriving predictions about sentence processing difficulty. Results from five different sentence comprehension experiments were used to evaluate the model's assumptions about memory limitations. The predictions of the complexity metric were compared to the locality (integration and storage) cost metric of Dependency Locality Theory (Gibson, 2000). Both metrics make comparable offline and online predictions for four of the five phenomena. The key difference between the two metrics is that the proposed complexity metric accounts for the structural complexity of intervening material. In contrast, DLT's integration cost metric considers the number of discourse referents, not the syntactic structural complexity. We conclude that the syntactic analysis plays a significant role in memory requirements of parsing. An incremental top-down parser based on a grammar formalism easily computes offline and online complexity profiles, which can be used to derive predictions about sentence processing difficulty. N2 - Diese Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit der Frage wie linguistische Strukturen im Arbeitsgedächtnis dargestellt werden. Es wurde ein gedächtnisbasiertes Computermodell entwickelt, das offline und online Komplexitätsprofile für bestimmte Satzstrukturen erstellt. Diese Komplexitätsprofile basieren auf den Berechnungen eines top-down Parsers für minimalistische Grammatiken (Stabler, 2011). Die Komplexitätsprofile spiegeln die Zeit wider, die ein Item im Gedächtnis oder Speicher gehalten wird. Das entwickelte Modell verbindet grammatische Repräsentationen, die im Speicher gehalten werden, direkt mit dem kognitiven menschlichen Verhalten in Sprachverarbeitungsexperimenten indem es Vorhersagen über Satzverarbeitungsschwierigkeiten trifft. Die Ergebnisse von fünf Satzverarbeitungsexperimenten wurden verwendet, um die Vorhersagen des Modells über die Begrenzungen des Gedächtnisses zu evaluieren. Die Vorhersagen der Komplexitätsmetrik wurden mit den Vorhersagen einer in der Psycholinguistik etablierten Komplexitätsmetrik (Dependency Locality Theory, DLT (Gibson, 2000)) verglichen. Beide Metriken machen vergleichbare offline und online Vorhersagen für vier der fünf Experimente. Der Unterschied zwischen beiden Metriken ist, dass die in dieser Dissertation erarbeitete Komplexitätsmetrik die strukturelle Komplexität der Satzstruktur mit einbezieht. Im Gegensatz zu DLTs Integrationsmetrik, die die Komplexität eines Satzes lediglich anhand der Anzahl der Wörter misst. Diese Dissertation zeigt, dass ein inkrementeller Top-down Parser, der auf einem Grammatikformalismus basiert, offline und online Komplexitätsprofile berechnen kann, die verwendet werden können, um Vorhersagen über Satzverarbeitungsschwierigkeiten zu treffen. T3 - Potsdam Cognitive Science Series - 6 KW - psycholinguistics KW - syntax KW - working memory KW - Psycholinguistik KW - Computermodell KW - Arbeitsgedächtnis KW - Syntax KW - computational model Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71554 SN - 978-3-86956-321-3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gibbon, Dafydd A1 - Selting, Margret T1 - Intonation und die Strukturierung eines Diskurses T1 - Intonation and the structuring of a discourse N2 - Inhalt: 1. Überblick 2. Beschreibungskategorien für Intonation 3. Transkriptionskonventionen 4. Intonationsverläufe 5. Kontextbeschreibung 6. Semantische Diskursentwicklung 7. Zur Wechselwirkung von Intonation und Diskursverlauf N2 - The intonation of a stretch of German dialogue, taken from a listener participation programme about housing problems, is investigated in respect of its function in discourse development. A selection of formal properties of intonation is described; these include pitch accents, understood as pulse-like variations in pitch, and the properties of sequences of such accents. In particular the iterative character of accentuation and the cumulation of accent patterns with similar properties is show to configure both turn-taking processes and the semantic development of the dialogue. These relations are interpreted as having strategic value for the role of the moderator. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 46 Y1 - 1983 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41912 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giel, Barbara T1 - Sprachtherapeutische Förderung bei Kindern mit Down-Syndrom (SF-KiDS) BT - Miteinander statt nebeneinander – Ein systemisch-lösungsorientierter Ansatz JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen primärer Störungsbilder KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - geistige Behinderung KW - primär progessive Aphasie KW - patholinguistics KW - speech therapy KW - mental deficiency KW - primary progessive aphasia Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79731 SP - 41 EP - 56 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giers, Ursula T1 - Sprache und Region in der Sekundarstufe I JF - Region – Sprache – Literatur Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403024 SP - 77 EP - 104 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giers, Ursula T1 - Entwicklung der Rechtschreibnormen BT - am Beispiel der Getrennt- und Zusammenschreibung JF - Sprachwandel und Entwicklungstendenzen als Themen im Deutschunterricht: fachliche Grundlagen – Unterrichtsanregungen – Unterrichtsmaterialien Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-37046 SN - 978-3-86956-003-8 SP - 47 EP - 64 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Glikman, Julie T1 - Parataxe et subordination en ancien français T1 - Parataxis an subordination in old french T1 - Parataxe und Subordination im Altfranzösischen N2 - Parataxe et subordination, ces deux termes, parfois antithétiques, sont problématiques du fait même de leur extrême polysémie. C’est de cette ambiguïté que naît l’objet d’étude, les constructions asyndétiques, au statut incertain entre intégration et indépendance. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons de réinterroger ce phénomène ancien et déjà bien connu en ancien français, en le mettant en regard des remises en question et avancées des recherches actuelles sur le sujet. Pour cela, il nous faut tout d'abord poser une définition de ce qu'est la subordination. Nous montrons ensuite que les constructions asyndétiques sont bien des cas de subordination. Cette thèse établit enfin que ce phénomène constitue, en ancien français du moins, une variante libre en syntaxe. Sa répartition et sa présence dans les textes a cependant très tôt diminué, mais l’existence de phénomènes parallèles en français moderne, tout comme d’autres indices, nous permettent de faire l’hypothèse que cette évolution tient d’une alternance oral / écrit. Cette thèse montre ainsi que les problèmes, comme les enjeux, ne diffèrent finalement pas, quel que soit l’état de langue et que la parataxe constitue bien une construction dans le système de la langue. N2 - Parataxis and subordination, two sometimes antithetical terms, are problematic due to their high degree of polysemy. It is from this ambiguity that arises the subject of this study, asyndetic constructions, which have an uncertain status between integration and independence. In this dissertation we propose a reexamination of this ancient phenomenon, already well known in Old French, by placing it in the context of questions and advances in current research on the subject. In order to do this we must first give a definition of subordination. We then go on to show that asyndetic constructions are indeed a case of subordination. Finally, this dissertation shows that this phenomenon constitutes, at least in Old French, a free syntactic variation. Its dispersion and presence in texts diminished very early, but the existence of similar phenomena in Modern French, as well as other indicators, allow us to make the hypothesis that this evolution is due to an oral / written alternation. This dissertation thus shows that the issue related to subordination and parataxis do not actually differ, whether in Old French or Modern French, and that parataxis is indeed a construction in the language system. KW - Subordination KW - Parataxe KW - Syntax KW - Diachronie KW - Parenthese KW - subordination KW - parataxis KW - syntax KW - diachrony KW - parenthetic verbs Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56784 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glück, Christian W. T1 - Diagnostik semantisch-lexikalischer Fähigkeiten im Grundschulalter mit dem WWT 6-10 JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik N2 - Auszug: Etwa zwei Drittel aller Ausgaben der Krankenkassen für das Heilmittel Sprachtherapie betreffen ein Klientel in der Altersgruppe der 0- bis 15-jährigen (GVK-HIS Bundesrepublik 2007). Spracherwerbsstörungen stellen das häufigste Entwicklungsrisiko bei Kindern dar. Ca. 18% der einzuschulenden Kinder weisen einen Förderbedarf im Entwicklungsbereich Sprache auf (Tollkühn 2001) und ca. 18% der 6-jährigen Jungen erhalten nach dem Heilmittelbericht 2006 Sprachtherapieverordnungen (Schröder & Waltersbacher 2006). Die überwiegende Mehrheit erhält diese Verordnung aufgrund der Zuweisung des Indikationsschlüssels „Störungen der Sprache vor Abschluss der Sprachentwicklung“. Darunter fallen v.a. Kinder mit einer primären Spracherwerbsstörung, für deren Art und Ausmaß keine Hörstörung, keine Intelligenzbeeinträchtigung, keine neurologische Schädigung oder soziale Deprivation verantwortlich gemacht werden kann. Für diese besondere Entwicklungssituation wird die Diagnose „Spezifische Spracherwerbsstörung (SSES)“ vergeben (Grimm 2003; Dannenbauer 2002). [...] Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18912 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 55 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goltz, Reinhard A1 - Berner, Elisabeth T1 - Zum Status und Wert des Niederdeutschen in der Gegenwart BT - ein Interview JF - Region – Sprache – Literatur Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403091 SP - 197 EP - 201 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - González, Jorge A1 - Casacuberta, Francisco T1 - Phrase-based finite state models N2 - In the last years, statistical machine translation has already demonstrated its usefulness within a wide variety of translation applications. In this line, phrase-based alignment models have become the reference to follow in order to build competitive systems. Finite state models are always an interesting framework because there are well-known efficient algorithms for their representation and manipulation. This document is a contribution to the evolution of finite state models towards a phrase-based approach. The inference of stochastic transducers that are based on bilingual phrases is carefully analysed from a finite state point of view. Indeed, the algorithmic phenomena that have to be taken into account in order to deal with such phrase-based finite state models when in decoding time are also in-depth detailed. Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27209 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gotzner, Nicole A1 - Romoli, Jacopo T1 - Meaning and alternatives JF - Annual review of linguistics N2 - Alternatives and competition in language are pervasive at all levels of linguistic analysis. More specifically, alternatives have been argued to play a prominent role in an ever-growing class of phenomena in the investigation of natural language meaning. In this article, we focus on scalar implicatures, as they are arguably the most paradigmatic case of an alternative-based phenomenon. We first review the main challenge for theories of alternatives, the so-called symmetry problem, and we briefly discuss how it has shaped the different approaches to alternatives. We then turn to two more recent challenges concerning scalar diversity and the inferences of sentences with multiple scalars. Finally, we describe several related alternative-based phenomena and recent conceptual approaches to alternatives. As we discuss, while important progress has been made, much more work is needed both on the theoretical side and on understanding the empirical landscape better. KW - alternatives KW - scalar implicatures KW - symmetry problem KW - focus KW - polarity KW - sensitivity KW - negative strengthening Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-031220-012013 SN - 2333-9691 SN - 2333-9683 VL - 8 SP - 213 EP - 234 PB - Annual Reviews CY - Palo Alto ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gotzner, Nicole A1 - Spalek, Katharina T1 - Expectations about upcoming discourse referents BT - Effects of pitch accents and focus particles in German language production JF - International review of pragmatics : IRP N2 - In the current study, we explore how different information-structural devices affect which referents conversational partners expect in the upcoming discourse. Our main research question is how pitch accents (H*, L+H*) and focus particles (German nur `only' and auch 'also') affect speakers' choices to mention focused referents, previously mentioned alternatives or new, inferable alternatives. Participants in our experiment were presented with short discourses involving two referents and were asked to orally produce two sentences that continue the story. An analysis of speakers' continuations showed that participants were most likely to mention a contextual alternative in the condition with only and the L+H* conditions, followed by H* conditions. In the condition with also, in turn, participants mentioned both the focused/accented referent and the contextual alternative. Our findings highlight the importance of information structure for discourse management and suggest that speakers take activated alternatives to be relevant for an unfolding discourse. KW - information structure KW - linguistics focus KW - pitch accents KW - focus KW - alternatives KW - discourse expectations Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-01401003 SN - 1877-3095 SN - 1877-3109 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 77 EP - 94 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gotzner, Nicole A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Spalek, Katharina T1 - The impact of focus particles on the recognition and rejection of contrastive alternatives T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The semantics of focus particles like only requires a set of alternatives (Rooth, 1992). In two experiments, we investigated the impact of such particles on the retrieval of alternatives that are mentioned in the prior context or unmentioned. The first experiment used a probe recognition task and showed that focus particles interfere with the recognition of mentioned alternatives and the rejection of unmentioned alternatives relative to a condition without a particle. A second lexical decision experiment demonstrated priming effects for mentioned and unmentioned alternatives (compared with an unrelated condition) while focus particles caused additional interference effects. Overall, our results indicate that focus particles trigger an active search for alternatives and lead to a competition between mentioned alternatives, unmentioned alternatives, and the focused element. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 517 KW - focus particles KW - alternative-set semantics KW - probe recognition task KW - lexical decision task KW - competitive inhibition Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413420 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 517 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Granzow-Emden, Matthias A1 - Luber, Johannes T1 - Deutsche Grammatik verstehen und unterrichten T3 - Bachelor-Wissen N2 - Diese neuartige Einführung in die deutsche Grammatik verbindet schulgrammatisches Wissen und neuere Grammatikmodelle in anschaulicher und verständlicher Weise miteinander. Lehramtsstudierende können sich damit die Kenntnisse und Kompetenzen aneignen, die sie für ihr Studium und ihren künftigen Beruf brauchen, erfahrene Lehrkräfte erhalten wichtige Impulse für neue Wege im Deutschunterricht. Mit den funktional orientierten Erklärungen zum Feldermodell und den zahlreichen systematisch gestalteten Tabellen im Bereich der Verben, Nomen/Nominalgruppen, Präpositionen und Pronomen bekommt die Schulgrammatik eine tragfähige Grundlage. Die Tabellen eignen sich darüber hinaus für DaF-/DaZ-Kurse sowie für die autodidaktische Aneignung des Deutschen als Fremd- oder Zweitsprache. Die neue Auflage wurde gründlich überarbeitet und erweitert. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019111818314224958564 SN - 978-3-8233-8134-1 PB - Narr CY - Tübingen ET - 3. überarb. u. erw. Aufl. ER - TY - THES A1 - Green, Antony Dubach T1 - Phonology limited N2 - Phonology Limited is a study of the areas of phonology where the application of optimality theory (OT) has previously been problematic. Evidence from a wide variety of phenomena in a wide variety of languages is presented to show that interactions involving more than just faithfulness and markedness are best analyzed as involving language-specific morphological constraints rather than universal phonological constraints. OT has proved to be a highly insightful and successful theory of linguistics in general and phonology in particular, focusing as it does on surface forms and treating the relationship between inputs and outputs as a form of conflict resolution. Yet there have also been a number of serious problems with the approach that have led some detractors to argue that OT has failed as a theory of generative grammar. The most serious of these problems is opacity, defined as a state of affairs where the grammatical output of a given input appears to violate more constraints than an ungrammatical competitor. It is argued that these problems disappear once language-specific morphological constraints are allowed to play a significant role in analysis. Specifically, a number of processes of Tiberian Hebrew traditionally considered opaque are reexamined and shown to be straightforwardly transparent, but crucially involving morphological constraints on form, such as a constraint requiring certain morphological forms to end with a syllabic trochee, or a constraint requiring paradigm uniformity with regard to the occurrence of fricative allophones of stop phonemes. Language-specific morphological constraints are also shown to play a role in allomorphy, where a lexeme is associated with more than one input; the constraint hierarchy then decides which input is grammatical in which context. For example, [ɨ]/[ə] and [u]/[ə] alternation found in some lexemes but not in others in Welsh is attributed to the presence of two inputs for the lexemes with the alternation. A novel analysis of the initial consonant mutations of the modern Celtic languages argues that mutated forms are separately listed inputs chosen in appropriate contexts by constraints on morphology and syntax, rather than being outputs that are phonologically unfaithful to their unmutated inputs. Finally, static irregularities and lexical exceptions are examined and shown to be attributable to language-specific morphological constraints. In American English, the distribution of tense and lax vowels is predictable in several contexts; however, in some contexts, the distributions of tense [ɔ] vs. lax [a] and of tense [æ] vs. lax [æ] are not as expected. It is shown that clusters of output-output faithfulness constraints create a pattern to which words are attracted, which however violates general phonological considerations. New words that enter the language first obey the general phonological considerations before being attracted into the language-specific exceptional pattern. T3 - Linguistics in Potsdam - 27 KW - Allomorphy KW - English KW - Hebrew KW - Irish KW - language-specific constraint Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15512 SN - 978-3-939469-93-3 SN - 1616-7392 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grimm, Angela T1 - Die Entwicklung des Prosodischen Wortes im Deutschen BT - Simplizia und Komposita JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik N2 - Inhalt: 1. Einleitung 2. Hintergrund 2.1 Die prosodische Organisation des Deutschen 2.2 Implikationen für den Erwerb der Wortprosodie im Deutschen 3. Methode 3.1 Datenerhebung 3.2 Empirische Analyse 4. Ergebnisse: Die Entwicklung des Prosodischen Wortes im Deutschen 5. Analyse der empirischen Daten 5.1 Grundannahmen 5.2 Analyse der Entwicklungsstufen 6. Zusammenfassung und Diskussion 7. Literatur KW - Patholinguistik KW - Bilingualismus KW - Mehrsprachigkeit KW - Sprachtherapie KW - Sprachförderung KW - patholinguistics KW - bilingualism KW - speech and language therapy Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-32628 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1866-9085 VL - 2 SP - 51 EP - 68 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Grimm, Angela T1 - The development of word-prosodic structure in child German : simplex words and compounds N2 - Die Dissertation untersucht die Entwicklung der prosodischen Struktur von Simplizia und Komposita im Deutschen. Ausgewertet werden langzeitlich erhobene Produktionsdaten von vier monolingualen Kindern im Alter von 12 bis 26 Monaten. Es werden vier Entwicklungsstufen angenommen, in denen jedoch keine einheitlichen Outputs produziert werden. Die Asymmetrien zwischen den verschiedenen Wörtern werden systematisch auf die Struktur des Zielwortes zurückgeführt. In einer optimalitätstheoretischen Analyse wird gezeigt, dass sich die Entwicklungsstufen aus der Umordnung von Constraints ergeben und dass dasselbe Ranking die Variation zwischen den Worttypen zu einer bestimmten Entwicklungsstufe vorhersagt. N2 - The thesis investigates the development of the word-prosodic structure in child German. The database consists of longitudinal production data of four monolingal children aged between 12 and 26 months. It is argued in the thesis that the children pass through four developmental stages which are characterized by non-uniform outputs. The asymmetries in the output pattern are attributed to the proosdic shape of the target word. The thesis provides an optimality-theoretic analysis showing that a single ranking of constraints accounts for the variation in the output at a given stage. T2 - Der Erwerb der prosodischen Wortstruktur im Deutschen : Simplizia und Komposita KW - Phonologie KW - Spracherwerb KW - Prosodisches Wort KW - Simplizia KW - Komposita KW - phonology KW - language acquisition KW - prosodic word KW - simplex words KW - compounds Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-43194 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grimm, Angela A1 - Schulz, Petra T1 - Die Rolle von Risikofaktoren für die Diagnose von SSES bei ein- und mehrsprachigen Kindern JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 10)- Schwerpunktthema: Panorama Patholinguistik: Sprachwissenschaft trifft Sprachtherapie Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405062 SN - 1866-9085 IS - 10 SP - 21 EP - 49 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grimshwa, Jane T1 - Last resorts and grammaticality JF - Linguistics in Potsdam N2 - A “last resort” is argued to be nothing more than a winning, i.e. grammatical form, once it is understood in terms of competition between alternative candidates. It is a theorem of OT that we find last resort effects, since it follows from the nature of competition and constraint interaction. KW - Economy KW - Optimality Theory KW - Competition Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-32302 SN - 1616-7392 SN - 1864-1857 IS - 25 SP - 33 EP - 41 ER - TY - THES A1 - Grishina, Yulia T1 - Assessing the applicability of annotation projection methods for coreference relations T1 - Analyse der Qualität von Annotationsprojektionsmethoden für Koreferenzrelationen N2 - The main goal of this thesis is to explore the feasibility of using cross-lingual annotation projection as a method of alleviating the task of manual coreference annotation. To reach our goal, we build a first trilingual parallel coreference corpus that encompasses multiple genres. For the annotation of the corpus, we develop common coreference annotation guidelines that are applicable to three languages (English, German, Russian) and include a novel domain-independent typology of bridging relations as well as state-of-the-art near-identity categories. Thereafter, we design and perform several annotation projection experiments. In the first experiment, we implement a direct projection method with only one source language. Our results indicate that, already in a knowledge-lean scenario, our projection approach is superior to the most closely related work of Postolache et al. (2006). Since the quality of the resulting annotations is to a high degree dependent on the word alignment, we demonstrate how using limited syntactic information helps to further improve mention extraction on the target side. As a next step, in our second experiment, we show how exploiting two source languages helps to improve the quality of target annotations for both language pairs by concatenating annotations projected from two source languages. Finally, we assess the projection quality in a fully automatic scenario (using automatically produced source annotations), and propose a pilot experiment on manual projection of bridging pairs. For each of the experiments, we carry out an in-depth error analysis, and we conclude that noisy word alignments, translation divergences and morphological and syntactic differences between languages are responsible for projection errors. We systematically compare and evaluate our projection methods, and we investigate the errors both qualitatively and quantitatively in order to identify problematic cases. Finally, we discuss the applicability of our method to coreference annotations and propose several avenues of future research. N2 - Ziel dieser Dissertation ist, die Durchführbarkeit von crosslingualer Annotationsprojektion als Methode zur Erleichterung der manuellen Koreferenzannotation zu erproben. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, wird das erste dreisprachige parallele Koreferenzkorpus gebaut, das mehrere Textsorten umfasst. Für die Korpusannotation werden gemeinsame Annotationsrichtlinien entwickelt, die auf drei Sprachen anwendbar sind (Englisch, Deutsch, Russisch) und eine neue domänenunabhängige Typologie von indirekten Wiederaufnahmen und sogenannten Near-Identity-Kategorien enthalten. Danach werden mehrere Projektionsexperimente entworfen und durchgeführt. Im ersten Experiment wird eine direkte Projektionsmethode mit nur einer Ausgangs\-sprache implementiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bereits in einem wissensarmen Szenario der vorgeschlagene Projektionsansatz die Resultate der verwandten Arbeit von Postolache et al. (2006) übertrifft. Da die Qualität der resultierenden Annotationen in hohem Maße von der Wortalignierung abhängig ist, zeigen wir, wie die Verwendung begrenzter syntaktischer Informationen weiterhilft, die Extraktion von referierenden Ausdrücken auf der Zielseite zu verbessern. Im nächsten Schritt, dem zweiten Experiment, demonstrieren wir, wie die Nutzung von zwei Ausgangssprachen zur weiteren Verbesserung der Qualität der Zielannotationen für beide Sprachpaare beiträgt, indem die Annotationen aus zwei Quellsprachen kombiniert werden. Schließlich wird die Projektionsqualität noch in einem vollautomatischen Szenario ausgewertet (mit automatisch erstellten Quellannotationen), und ein Pilotversuch zur manuellen Projektion von Paaren indirekter Wiederaufnahmen vorgestellt. Für jedes Experiment wird eine detaillierte Fehleranalyse durchgeführt. Daraus schließen wir, dass fehlerhafte Wortalignierungen, Übersetzungsdivergenzen und morphologische sowie syntaktische Unterschiede zwischen den Sprachen für die Projektionsfehler verantwortlich sind. Hierzu werden die Projektionsmethoden systematisch verglichen und ausgewertet, und die Fehler sowohl qualitativ als auch quantitativ untersucht, um problematische Fälle zu identifizieren. Zum Schluss wird die Anwendbarkeit unserer Methode für Koreferenzannotationen diskutiert, und es werden Ansatzpunkte für weitere Forschung vorgeschlagen. KW - annotation KW - annotation projection KW - bridging KW - near-identity KW - coreference resolution KW - multilingual coreference KW - coreference corpus KW - Annotation KW - Annotationsprojektion KW - Koreferenz KW - indirekte Wiederaufnahmen KW - Near-identity KW - Koreferenzauflösung KW - multilinguale Koreferenz KW - Koreferenzkorpus Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-425378 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grove, Kyle Wade A1 - Putnam, Mike T1 - Deriving pairedness in vP structure BT - minimalist yet optimal JF - Linguistics in Potsdam N2 - Minimalist accounts lack a natural theory of markedness, whereas Optimality-Theoretical accounts fundamentally encode markedness. We think the duality of interfaces assumed in Minimalism is a step towards explaining pairedness behavior, where a given language exhibits a marked/ unmarked pair of items occupying the same niche. We argue that while Minimalism articulates the derivational aspect of language, and underlies grammaticality, an Optimality Theoretic articulation of PF and LF is conceptually natural and explains pairedness behavior. We adopt this ‘hybrid’ account, first, to explain the existence of marked (often termed ‘reflexive’) and unmarked anticausatives in German, recently studied in depth by Sch¨afer [2007]. Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-32284 SN - 1616-7392 SN - 1864-1857 IS - 28 SP - 187 EP - 210 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grubic, Mira T1 - Ngizim fieldnotes JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 N2 - This chapter presents field notes of the West Chadic language Ngizim, spoken in North-East Nigeria. In Ngizim, subject focus is indicated by subject inversion, whereas the word order of sentences with focused non-subjects can remain unchanged. The goal of the field work was to find out more about focus marking in Ngizim. KW - information structure KW - Ngizim Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-49738 SN - 1614-4708 SN - 1866-4725 IS - 13 SP - 1 EP - 76 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Grubic, Mira A1 - Genzel, Susanne A1 - Kügler, Frank T1 - Linguistic Fieldnotes I: Information Structure in different African Languages N2 - This is the 13th issue of the working paper series Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure (ISIS) of the Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 632. It is the first part of a series of Linguistic Fieldnote issues which present data collected by members of different projects of the SFB during fieldwork on various languages or dialects spoken worldwide. This part of the Fieldnote Series is dedicated to data from African languages. It contains contributions by Mira Grubic (A5) on Ngizim, and Susanne Genzel & Frank Kügler (D5) on Akan. The papers allow insights into various aspects of the elicitation of formal correlates of focus and related phenomena in different African languages investigated by the SFB in the second funding phase, especially in the period between 2007 and 2010. T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 13 KW - Ngizim KW - Akan KW - information structure KW - syntax Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-49684 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grubic, Mira A1 - Wierzba, Marta T1 - The German additive particle noch BT - testing the role of topic situations JF - Glossa : a journal of general linguistics N2 - The particle noch (‘still’) can have an additive reading similar to auch (‘also’). We argue that both particles indicate that a previously partially answered QUD is re-opened to add a further answer. The particles differ in that the QUD, in the case of auch, can be re-opened with respect to the same topic situation, whereas noch indicates that the QUD is re-opened with respect to a new topic situation. This account predicts a difference in the accommodation behavior of the two particles. We present an experiment whose results are in line with this prediction. KW - additive particles KW - noch KW - auch KW - German KW - topic situation KW - semantics KW - experiments Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1275 SN - 2397-1835 VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - Ubiquity Press CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grubic, Mira A1 - Wierzba, Marta T1 - The German additive particle noch BT - testing the role of topic situations T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The particle noch (‘still’) can have an additive reading similar to auch (‘also’). We argue that both particles indicate that a previously partially answered QUD is re-opened to add a further answer. The particles differ in that the QUD, in the case of auch, can be re-opened with respect to the same topic situation, whereas noch indicates that the QUD is re-opened with respect to a new topic situation. This account predicts a difference in the accommodation behavior of the two particles. We present an experiment whose results are in line with this prediction. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 709 KW - additive particles KW - noch KW - auch KW - German KW - topic situation KW - semantics KW - experiments Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-510049 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 709 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grum, Urska A1 - Legutke, Michael K. T1 - Sampling JF - Forschungsmethoden in der Fremdsprachendidaktik : Ein Handbuch Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-8233-8432-8 SN - 978-3-8233-9432-7 SN - 978-3-8233-0349-7 SP - 85 EP - 96 PB - Narr Francke Attempto CY - Tübingen ET - 2., vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Aufl. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gumbsch, Christian A1 - Adam, Maurits A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Butz, Martin V. T1 - Emergent goal-anticipatory gaze in infants via event-predictive learning and inference JF - Cognitive science N2 - From about 7 months of age onward, infants start to reliably fixate the goal of an observed action, such as a grasp, before the action is complete. The available research has identified a variety of factors that influence such goal-anticipatory gaze shifts, including the experience with the shown action events and familiarity with the observed agents. However, the underlying cognitive processes are still heavily debated. We propose that our minds (i) tend to structure sensorimotor dynamics into probabilistic, generative event-predictive, and event boundary predictive models, and, meanwhile, (ii) choose actions with the objective to minimize predicted uncertainty. We implement this proposition by means of event-predictive learning and active inference. The implemented learning mechanism induces an inductive, event-predictive bias, thus developing schematic encodings of experienced events and event boundaries. The implemented active inference principle chooses actions by aiming at minimizing expected future uncertainty. We train our system on multiple object-manipulation events. As a result, the generation of goal-anticipatory gaze shifts emerges while learning about object manipulations: the model starts fixating the inferred goal already at the start of an observed event after having sampled some experience with possible events and when a familiar agent (i.e., a hand) is involved. Meanwhile, the model keeps reactively tracking an unfamiliar agent (i.e., a mechanical claw) that is performing the same movement. We qualitatively compare these modeling results to behavioral data of infants and conclude that event-predictive learning combined with active inference may be critical for eliciting goal-anticipatory gaze behavior in infants. KW - Infancy KW - Goal-anticipatory gaze KW - Computational model KW - Event cognition KW - Active inference Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13016 SN - 1551-6709 VL - 45 IS - 8 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden, Mass. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gussenhoven, Carlos T1 - Notions and subnotions in information structure N2 - Three dimensions can be distinguished in a cross-linguistic account of information structure. First, there is the definition of the focus constituent, the part of the linguistic expression which is subject to some focus meaning. Second and third, there are the focus meanings and the array of structural devices that encode them. In a given language, the expression of focus is facilitated as well as constrained by the grammar within which the focus devices operate. The prevalence of focus ambiguity, the structural inability to make focus distinctions, will thus vary across languages, and within a language, across focus meanings. KW - corrective focus KW - contrastive focus KW - informational focus KW - focus ambiguity KW - focus type KW - focus meaning Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19704 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gwozdz, Patricia Aneta ED - Adamzik, Kirsten ED - Kessanlis, Mikaela T1 - Feld und Stil BT - Textsoziologische Anmerkungen zum Stilwechsel im Subfeld erweiterter akademischer Wissensproduktion der Populär/Wissenschaft am Beispiel der Life Sciences JF - Stilwechsel und ihre Funktionen in Textsorten der Fach- und Wissenschaftskommunikation KW - Pierre Bourdieu KW - Feldtheorie KW - Textpragmatik KW - Fachsprachen KW - Wissenschaftslinguistik KW - Stilforschung Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8233-8223-2 SP - 111 EP - 145 PB - Narr Verlag CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gwozdz, Patricia Aneta ED - Schikowski, Michael ED - Schneider, Ute T1 - Die Tierflüsterer. Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen und die "poetische Lizenz" des ethologischen Genres seit den 1960er Jahren JF - Animal Print : Das populäre Tiersachbuch (Non-Fiktion. Arsenal der anderen Gattung) KW - Tiersachbuch KW - Nature Writing KW - Konrad Lorenz KW - Niko Tinbergen Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-86525-823-6 SN - 1862-9563 VL - 15 IS - 1/2 SP - 103 EP - 122 PB - Wehrhahn Verlag CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gwozdz, Patricia Aneta ED - Heller, Jakob ED - Schönbeck, Sebastian ED - Martik, Erik T1 - Figura Tropicana BT - Szenographien des Insularen bei Bernardin de Saint-PIerre und Chateaubriand JF - Ding und Bild in der Europäischen Romantik KW - Erich Auerbach KW - Französische Romantik KW - Chateaubriand KW - Bernardin de Saint-Pierre KW - Ikonotextualität KW - Literaturtheorie Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-11-068598-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110686197-007 SP - 135 EP - 156 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göldner, Angie A1 - Ostermann, Anja A1 - Heide, Judith T1 - Die Strategie der semantischen Merkmalsanalyse zur Verbesserung der Wortfindung in der Aphasietherapie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik N2 - 1 Einleitung 2 Fragestellung 3 Methode 4 Ergebnisse und Evaluation 5 Zusammenfassung 6 Literatur KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - Hörstörungen KW - Cochlea-Implantat KW - Hören KW - patholinguistics KW - speech/language therapy KW - hearing loss KW - cochlear implant KW - hearing Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71564 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 7 SP - 191 EP - 198 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Götze, Michael A1 - Weskott, Thomas A1 - Endriss, Cornelia A1 - Fiedler, Ines A1 - Hinterwimmer, Stefan A1 - Petrova, Svetlana A1 - Schwarz, Anne A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros A1 - Stoel, Ruben T1 - Information structure JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS N2 - The guidelines for Information Structure include instructions for the annotation of Information Status (or ‘givenness’), Topic, and Focus, building upon a basic syntactic annotation of nominal phrases and sentences. A procedure for the annotation of these features is proposed. Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22277 SN - 1614-4708 SN - 1866-4725 IS - 7 SP - 147 EP - 187 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Günther, Thomas A1 - Nieslony, Julia T1 - Steigerung der Effektivität von Therapie bei Kindern mit Aussprachestörungen JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Band 9. Schwerpunktthema: Lauter Laute: Phonologische Verarbeitung und Lautwahrnehmung in der Sprachtherapie N2 - 1. Einleitung, 2. Tim (7 Jahre), 3. Beste externe Evidenz, 4. Individuelle Expertise des Therapeuten, 4.1 Kontingenzmanagement, 4.2 Zielsetzungstheorie, 5. Patientenperspektive, 6. Fazit, 7. Literatur Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-98991 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 9 SP - 27 EP - 55 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hacken, Pius ten T1 - The nature, use and origin of explanatory adequacy JF - Linguistics in Potsdam N2 - If we want to compare the explanatory and descriptive adequacy of the MP and OT, the original definitions by Chomsky (1964) are or little direct use. However, a relativized version of both notions can be defined, which can be used to express a number of parallels between the study of individual I-languages and the language faculty. In any version of explanatory and descriptive adequacy, the two notions derive from the research programme and can only be achieved together. They can therefore not be used to characterize the difference in orientation between OT and the MP. Even if ‘OT’ is restricted to a particular theory in Chomskyan linguistics (to the exclusion of, for instance, its use in LFG), it cannot be said to be stronger in descriptive adequacy than in explanatory adequacy in the technical sense of these terms. KW - Levels of adequacy KW - Chomskyan linguistics KW - research programme KW - Minimalist Program KW - Optimality Theory Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-32297 SN - 1616-7392 SN - 1864-1857 IS - 25 SP - 9 EP - 32 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haendler, Yair A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Adani, Flavia T1 - Discourse accessibility constraints in children´s processing of object relative clauses JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Children’s poor performance on object relative clauses has been explained in terms of intervention locality. This approach predicts that object relatives with a full DP head and an embedded pronominal subject are easier than object relatives in which both the head noun and the embedded subject are full DPs. This prediction is shared by other accounts formulated to explain processing mechanisms. We conducted a visual-world study designed to test the off-line comprehension and on-line processing of object relatives in German-speaking 5-year-olds. Children were tested on three types of object relatives, all having a full DP head noun and differing with respect to the type of nominal phrase that appeared in the embedded subject position: another full DP, a 1st- or a 3rd-person pronoun. Grammatical skills and memory capacity were also assessed in order to see whether and how they affect children’s performance. Most accurately processed were object relatives with 1st-person pronoun, independently of children’s language and memory skills. Performance on object relatives with two full DPs was overall more accurate than on object relatives with 3rd-person pronoun. In the former condition, children with stronger grammatical skills accurately processed the structure and their memory abilities determined how fast they were; in the latter condition, children only processed accurately the structure if they were strong both in their grammatical skills and in their memory capacity. The results are discussed in the light of accounts that predict different pronoun effects like the ones we find, which depend on the referential properties of the pronouns. We then discuss which role language and memory abilities might have in processing object relatives with various embedded nominal phrases. KW - child language KW - relative clauses KW - discourse KW - pronouns KW - intervention locality KW - visual-world paradigm Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00860 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 6 IS - 860 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Haendler, Yair A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Adani, Flavia T1 - Discourse accessibility constraints in children´s processing of object relative clauses N2 - Children’s poor performance on object relative clauses has been explained in terms of intervention locality. This approach predicts that object relatives with a full DP head and an embedded pronominal subject are easier than object relatives in which both the head noun and the embedded subject are full DPs. This prediction is shared by other accounts formulated to explain processing mechanisms. We conducted a visual-world study designed to test the off-line comprehension and on-line processing of object relatives in German-speaking 5-year-olds. Children were tested on three types of object relatives, all having a full DP head noun and differing with respect to the type of nominal phrase that appeared in the embedded subject position: another full DP, a 1st- or a 3rd-person pronoun. Grammatical skills and memory capacity were also assessed in order to see whether and how they affect children’s performance. Most accurately processed were object relatives with 1st-person pronoun, independently of children’s language and memory skills. Performance on object relatives with two full DPs was overall more accurate than on object relatives with 3rd-person pronoun. In the former condition, children with stronger grammatical skills accurately processed the structure and their memory abilities determined how fast they were; in the latter condition, children only processed accurately the structure if they were strong both in their grammatical skills and in their memory capacity. The results are discussed in the light of accounts that predict different pronoun effects like the ones we find, which depend on the referential properties of the pronouns. We then discuss which role language and memory abilities might have in processing object relatives with various embedded nominal phrases. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 279 KW - child language KW - relative clauses KW - discourse KW - pronouns KW - intervention locality KW - visual-world paradigm Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-78694 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haller, Hermann W. T1 - Varieties, use, and attitudes of Italian in the U.S. BT - The dynamics of an immigrant language through time JF - Mobilisierte Kulturen Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-53658 SN - 2192-3019 SN - 2192-3027 IS - 2 SP - 57 EP - 70 ER -