TY - JOUR A1 - Triarchi-Herrmann, Vassilia T1 - Zur Förderung und Therapie der Sprache bei Mehrsprachigkeit JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik N2 - Inhalt: 1. Einführung 2. Sprachförderung von mehrsprachigen Kindern 2.1 Sprachfördermaßnahmen 2.2 Qualitätskriterien bei einer Sprachförderung 3. Sprachdiagnostik 3.1 Sprachtherapie mehrsprachiger Kinder 3.2 Differentialdiagnostik 4. Zusammenfassung 5. Literatur KW - Patholinguistik KW - Bilingualismus KW - Mehrsprachigkeit KW - Sprachtherapie KW - Sprachförderung KW - patholinguistics KW - bilingualism KW - speech and language therapy Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-32611 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 VL - 2 SP - 31 EP - 50 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Schmitz, Michaela T1 - The perception of clauses in 6- and 8-month-old German-learning infants : influence of pause duration and the natural pause hierarchy T1 - Die Wahrnehmung von Clauses bei 6- und 8-Monate-alten Deutsch lernenden Kindern : der Einfluss von Pausendauer und der Natürlichen Pausenhierarchie N2 - The present dissertation focuses on the question whether and under which conditions infants recognise clauses in fluent speech and the role a prosodic marker such as a pause may have in the segmentation process. In the speech signal, syntactic clauses often coincide with intonational phrases (IPhs) (Nespor & Vogel, 1986, p. 190), the boundaries of which are marked by changes in fundamental frequency (e.g., Price, Ostendorf, Shattuck-Hufnagel & Fong, 1991), lengthening of the final syllable (e.g., Cooper & Paccia-Cooper, 1980) and the occurrence of a pause (Nespor & Vogel, 1986, p. 188). Thus, IPhs seem to be reliably marked in the speech stream and infants may use these cues to recognise them. Furthermore, corpus studies on the occurrence and distribution of pauses have revealed that there is a strong correlation between the duration of a pause and the type of boundary it marks (e.g., Butcher, 1981, for German). Pauses between words are either non-existent or short, pauses between phrases are a bit longer, and pauses between clauses and at sentence boundaries further increase in duration. This suggests the existence of a natural pause hierarchy that complements the prosodic hierarchy described by Nespor and Vogel (1986). These hierarchies on the side of the speech signal correspond to the syntactic hierarchy of a language. In the present study, five experiments using the Headturn preference paradigm (Hirsh-Pasek, Kemler Nelson, Jusczyk, Cassidy, Druss & Kennedy, 1987) were conducted to investigate German-learning 6- and 8-month-olds’ use of pauses to recognise clauses in the signal and their sensitivity to the natural pause hierarchy. Previous studies on English-learning infants’ recognition of clauses (Hirsh-Pasek et al., 1987; Nazzi, Kemler Nelson, Jusczyk & Jusczyk, 2000) have found that infants as young as 6 months recognise clauses in fluent speech. Recently, Seidl and colleagues have begun to investigate the status the pause may have in this process (Seidl, 2007; Johnson & Seidl, 2008; Seidl & Cristià, 2008). However, none of these studies investigated infants’ sensitivity to the natural pause hierarchy and especially the sensitivity to the correlation between pause durations and the respective within-sentence clause boundaries / sentence boundaries. To address these questions highly controlled stimuli were used. In all five experiments the stimuli were sentences consisting of two IPhs which each coincided with a syntactic clause. In the first three experiments pauses were inserted either at clause and sentence boundaries or within the first clause and the sentence boundaries. The duration of the pauses varied between the experiments. The results show that German-learning 6-month-olds recognise clauses in the speech stream, but only in a condition in which the duration of the pauses conforms to the mean duration of pauses found at the respective boundaries in German. Experiments 4 and 5 explicitly addressed the question of infants’ sensitivity to the natural pause hierarchy by inserting pauses at the clause and sentence boundaries only. Their durations were either conforming to the natural pause hierarchy or were being reversed. The results of these experiments provide evidence that 8-, but not 6-month-olds seem to be sensitive to the correlation of the duration of pauses and the type of boundary they demarcate. The present study provides first evidence that infants not only use pauses to recognise clause and sentence boundaries, but are sensitive to the duration and distribution of pauses in their native language as reflected in the natural pause hierarchy. N2 - Die vorliegende Dissertation geht der Frage nach, ob und ab wann Deutsch lernende Kinder in der Lage sind, Clauses in gesprochener Sprache zu erkennen und welche Rolle dabei ein prosodischer Marker wie die Pause spielen kann. Im Sprachstrom sind syntaktische Clauses oft durch Intonationsphrasen (IPhs) repräsentiert (Nespor & Vogel, 1986). Die Grenzen solcher IPhs werden markiert durch Veränderungen in der Grundfrequenz (z.B., Price, Ostendorf, Shattuck-Hufnagel & Fong, 1991), die Längung der grenzfinalen Silbe (z.B., Cooper & Paccia-Cooper, 1980) und das Vorhandensein einer Pause (Nespor & Vogel, 1986, p. 188). Man kann also davon ausgehen, dass die Grenzen von IPhs zuverlässig markiert sind und Kleinkinder diese Hinweisreize zu deren Wahrnehmung nutzen. Ein weiterer Hinweis ist die Dauer einer Pause, die systematisch mit der Art der Grenze korreliert an der sie vorkommt (z.B., Butcher, 1981, fürs Deutsche). Es finden sich kaum oder gar keine Pausen zwischen Wörtern, etwas längere Pausen an Phrasengrenzen, noch längere Pausen an Clausegrenzen und die längsten Pausen an Satzgrenzen. Das legt die Existenz einer Natürlichen Pausenhierarchie nahe, die die prosodische Hierarchie (Nespor & Vogel, 1986) auf der Seite des Sprachsignals ergänzt. Diese prosodischen Hierarchien korrespondieren mit der syntaktischen Hierarchie einer Sprache. In der vorliegenden Studie werden fünf Experimente präsentiert, die mittels der Headturn Preference Methode (Hirsh-Pasek, Kemler Nelson, Jusczyk, Cassidy, Druss & Kennedy, 1987) durchgeführt wurden. Die Fragestellung war, ob Deutsch lernende 6 und 8 Monate alte Kinder Pausen nutzen, um Clauses im Sprachstrom zu erkennen und ob sie bereits sensitiv für die natürliche Pausenhierarchie sind. Vorläuferstudien (Hirsh-Pasek et al., 1987; Nazzi, Kemler Nelson, Jusczyk & Jusczyk, 2000) haben gezeigt, dass bereits 6 Monate alte Englisch lernende Kinder Clauses in der Sprache erkennen. Erstmals haben Seidl und Mitarbeiterinnen (Seidl, 2007; Johnson & Seidl, 2008; Seidl & Cristià, 2008) den Status der Pause in diesem Zusammenhang näher untersucht. Keine der genannten Studien hat jedoch die Sensitivität von Kindern gegenüber der natürlichen Pausenhierarchie und besonders die Sensitivität gegenüber der Korrelation von Pausendauer und Clause-, bzw. Satzgrenzen erforscht. Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, wurde in der vorliegenden Studie ein hoch kontrolliertes Stimulusmaterial verwendet: Sätze die aus zwei IPhs bestehen, welche jeweils einem syntaktischen Clause entsprechen. In den ersten drei Experimenten wurden Pausen zum einen an den Clause- und den Satzgrenzen und zum anderen innerhalb der ersten Clauses und an den Satzgrenzen eingefügt. Die Dauer der Pausen variierte zwischen den Experimenten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass 6 Monate alte Kinder in der Lage sind, Clauses in gesprochener Sprache zu erkennen, aber nur ein einer Bedingung, in der die eingefügten Pausen eine Dauer hatten, die mit der natürlichen Sprache übereinstimmte. In den Experimenten 4 und 5 wurde explizit getestet, inwieweit die Kinder sensitiv gegenüber der natürlichen Pausenhierarchie sind. Dafür wurden Pausen nur noch an den Clause- und den Satzgrenzen eingefügt, die jeweilige Dauer der Pausen entsprach dabei einmal der Pausenhierarchie, zum anderen widersprachen sie ihr. Die Ergebnisse der beiden Experimente zeigen, dass 8 Monate alte Kinder, nicht jedoch 6 Monate alte Kinder, sensitiv für die Verbindung von Pausendauer und der jeweiligen prosodisch/syntaktischen Grenze sind. Die Ergebnisse der Dissertation zeigen erstmals, dass Kinder Pausen nicht nur nutzen, um Clauses in gesprochener Sprache zu erkennen, sondern dass sie auch sensitiv gegenüber Pausendauer und Pausenverteilung in ihrer Muttersprache sind und damit gegenüber der Natürlichen Pausenhierarchie. KW - Clauses KW - Pausen KW - Natürliche Pausenhierarchie KW - Spracherwerb KW - Deutsch KW - Clauses KW - Pauses KW - Natural Pause Hierarchy KW - Language Acquisition KW - German Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-29078 ER - TY - THES A1 - Regel, Stefanie T1 - The comprehension of figurative language : electrophysiological evidence on the processing of irony T1 - Zum Verstehen figurativer Sprache : elektrophysiologische Studien zur Verarbeitung von Ironie N2 - Diese Dissertation untersucht das Verstehen figurativer Sprache, im Besonderen die zeitliche Verarbeitung von verbaler Ironie. In sechs Experimenten wurde mittels ereignis-korrelierter Potentiale (EKP) die Gehirnaktivität beim Verstehen ironischer Äußerungen im Vergleich zu entsprechenden nicht-ironischen Äußerungen gemessen und analysiert. Darüberhinaus wurde der Einfluss verschiedener sprachbegleitender Hinweisreize, z.B. von Prosodie oder der Verwendung von Satzzeichen, sowie außersprachlicher Hinweisreize, wie bspw. pragmatischen Wissens, auf das Ironieverstehen untersucht. Auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse werden verschiedene psycholinguistische Modelle figurativer Sprachverarbeitung, d.h. 'standard pragmatic model', 'graded salience hypothesis', sowie 'direct access view', diskutiert. N2 - This dissertation investigates the comprehension of figurative language, in particular the temporal processing of verbal irony. In six experiments using event-related potentials(ERP) brain activity during the comprehension of ironic utterances in relation to equivalent non-ironic utterances was measured and analyzed. Moreover, the impact of various language-accompanying cues, e.g., prosody or the use of punctuation marks, as well as non-verbal cues such as pragmatic knowledge has been examined with respect to the processing of irony. On the basis of these findings different models on figurative language comprehension, i.e., the 'standard pragmatic model', the 'graded salience hypothesis', and the 'direct access view', are discussed. KW - Figurative Sprachverarbeitung KW - verbale Ironie KW - Pragmatik KW - Diskursverstehen KW - EKP KW - Figurative language processing KW - verbal irony KW - pragmatics KW - discourse comprehension KW - ERP Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33376 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Krause, Wolf-Dieter T1 - Das Fremde und der Text : fremdsprachige Kommunikation und ihre Ergebnisse N2 - Dass die Textlinguistik nicht umhin kommt, ihre Beschreibungen und ihr Instrumentarium auch im Hinblick auf Texte zu überprüfen, die nicht von Muttersprachlern erzeugt worden sind, ist durch die wachsenden Bedürfnisse nach fremdsprachiger Kommunikation und die rapide steigende Zahl entsprechender kommunikativer Ereignisse bedingt. Der Fokus der vorliegenden Publikation liegt auf dem fremdsprachigen Text (vorzugsweise in seiner schriftlichen, monologischen Ausprägung) als sprachlicher Größe liegen. Bei der Analyse fremdsprachiger Texte werden neben textlinguistischen Fragen aber auch andere Gesichtspunkte berücksichtigt: soziolinguistische Aspekte, z.B. in Bezug auf die Kommunikationspartner, die kommunikativen Domänen, den sozial-historischen Rahmen der Kommunikation usw., psycholinguistische Hintergründe, z.B. im Hinblick auf die kognitive Verarbeitung fremdsprachlich-kommunikativer Anforderungen, literaturwissenschaftliche Bezüge, etwa hinsichtlich fremdsprachiger Einflüsse auf literarische Werke und ihre Rolle im literarischen Diskurs, translationswissenschaftliche Gesichtspunkte im Hinblick auf die Adaptation und Bewahrung des Fremden im übersetzten Text sowie pädagogisch-didaktische Fragen im Rahmen des gesteuerten Fremdsprachenerwerbs. N2 - Owing to the growing necessity for foreign language interaction and the rapidly increasing number of associated communicative events, it is essential for text linguistics also to test its categories and methodology on texts which have not been produced by native speakers. The focus of the present publication lies on the foreign language text (primarily on its written, monological form) which is conceived as a linguistic entity. However, alongside textlinguistic issues the analysis of foreign language texts also entails a consideration of the following parameters: sociolinguistic aspects, e.g. with regard to the communicative partners, communicative domains, social-historic framework of the communicative situation etc.; psycholinguistic aspects, e.g. with respect to the cognitive processing of foreign language communication tasks; literary aspects, e.g. with regard to foreign language influences on literary works and their role in literary discourse; translatory aspects concerning the adaptation and preservation of foreign cultural elements in a translated text and pedagogical-didactic questions concerning foreign language teaching. KW - Textlinguistik KW - Textualitätskriterien KW - Textstruktur KW - Textsorte KW - Intertextualität KW - Kommunikationsaufgabe KW - fremdsprachige Kommunikation KW - Text linguistics KW - Textuality criteria KW - Text structure KW - Text type KW - Intertextuality KW - Communicative task KW - Foreign language communication Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40447 SN - 978-3-86956-033-5 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Selting, Margret A1 - Hinnenkamp, Volker T1 - Stil und Stilisierung in der interpretativen Soziolinguistik [Einleitung zum Sammelband "Stil und Stilisierung : Arbeiten zur interpretativen Soziolinguistik"] N2 - Inhalt: 1. Grundbegriffe einer interpretativ-soziolinguistischen Stilanalyse 1.1 Vobemerkung 1.2 Vorläufer und Übergänge 1.3 Stil als sozial und interaktiv interpretiertes Signalisierungsmittel 1.3.1 Der holistische Charakter von Stil 1.3.2 Stilisierung 1.4 Aufgaben und Ziele 2. Einordnung der Beiträge und Aufbau des Bandes 2.1 Gemeinsamkeiten 2.2 Zu den Beiträgen im Einzelnen T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 57 Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-42146 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Selting, Margret T1 - Question intonation revisited : the intonation of conversational questions N2 - Content: 1. Introduction 2. Aim and approach of the present analysis 3. Non-restrictive 'open' conversational questions 4. More restrictive "narrower" questions 5. "Deviant cases" 6. Conclusions T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 66 Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-43179 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Selting, Margret T1 - Speech style in conversation as an interactive achievement N2 - Content: 1. Introduction 2. The notion of speech style: from a dependent variable to contextualization cue 3. Speech styles in conversation from a German Sozialamt 3.1 Extracts from conversation 3.2 Speech style constituting cues 3.3 Choice and alternation of speech styles in conversation 4. Summary and conclusions T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 67 Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-43189 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Selting, Margret A1 - Sandig, Barbara T1 - [Bericht zur] Sektion Textlinguistik und Stilistik : Schwerpunkt 'Sprech- und Gesprächsstile'; Beitrag im Rahmen der 25. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Angewandte Linguistik GAL e.V. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 69 Y1 - 1995 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-39259 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Selting, Margret T1 - Descriptive categories for the auditive analysis of intonation in conversation N2 - A system of descriptive categories for the notation and analysis of intonation in natural conversation is presented and discussed in relation to other systems currently suggested for incorporation in discourse analysis, The categories are based on purely auditive criteria. They differ from e.g. tonetic approaches by relying more on transcribers' and analysts' perception of the form and internal cohesiveness of contours, especially with respect to rhythmicality and/or pitch contour (gestalt). Intonation is conceived of as a relational phenomenon; the role of intonation in conversational utterances can only be analyzed by considering its co-occurrence with other properties of utterances like syntactic, semantic and discourse organizational structures and devices. In general, intonation is viewed as one signalling system contributing to the contextualization of utterances in their conversational context. A broad functional differentiation between different types of intonation categories seems plausible: Local categories like accents might fulfill mainly semantic functions, while global categories like different contour types might fulfill primarily functions with respect to the interactive coordination of activities in conversation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 53 Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41986 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Selting, Margret T1 - The role of intonation in the organization of repair and problem handling sequences in conversation N2 - Transcripts of repair and/or problem handling sequences from natural conversations are presented and analyzed with special reference to the role of intonation in the interactive organization of these sequences. It is shown that (a) in the initiation of so-called repair or local problem handling sequences, intonation is used as a type-distinctive device, and (b) in the handling of a global problem handling sequence, intonation is systematically used as a means to constitute and control participant cooperation. In general, intonation is analyzed as one contextualization cue cooccurring with specific syntactic, semantic and discourse organizational devices to signal the status of an utterance in conversational context. It is hypothesized that especially in the global problem handling sequence, different categories of intonation, i.e. different accent and contour types, are systematically used to signal and control participants' interactive problem handling in different, indexically relevant ways simultaneously. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 54 Y1 - 1988 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41992 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Selting, Margret T1 - Phonologie der Intonation : Probleme bisheriger Modelle und Konsequenzen einer neuen interpretativ-phonologischen Analyse N2 - Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es zu zeigen, daß und weshalb Intonationsmodelle, die die Prämissen des traditionellen systemisch-tonetischen Ansatzes teilen, ungeeignet sind für die Analyse natürlicher Sprachverwendung in konversationeller Interaktion. Insbesondere die Grundeinheit der 'Tpngruppe'/'Toneinheit'/'Intonationsphrase' wie auch die Analyse des 'Tonmusters' bzw. der letzten Tonhöhenbewegung der Einheit im Hinblick auf die Unterscheidung und Differenzierung von Satzarten bzw. Satzmodi sind auf die Analyse kontextfreier Sätze zugeschnitten und kaum auf die Verhältnisse der Sprachverwendung in natürlicher konversationeller Interaktion übertragbar. Eine alternative Analyse der Intonation als interaktiv relevantes Signalisierungssystem ermöglicht bessere und plausiblere Beschreibungen. Nleine alternative Konzeption basiert auf der empirischen Analyse eines Korpus natürlicher Daten aus informellen Alltagsgesprächen. Das Ergebnis dieser Analyse ist, daß Intonation als unabhängiges, autonomes Signalisierungssystem aufgefaßt werden muß. Für die derzeit üblichen Ansätze der phonologischen Intonationsforschung ergibt sich die Forderung nach noch stärkerer als bisher angenommener Modularisierung: Zwar steht die Wahl der Akzentstelle in systematischer Beziehung zu grammatischen Prinzipien und muß mit Bezug auf die Grammatik analysiert werden, aber die Wahl der Tonhöhenbewegung kann nicht mit Bezug auf die Grammatik erklärt werden: die letzte Tonhöhenbewegung unterscheidet nicht grammatisch relevante Satzarten/Satzmodi, sondern interaktiv relevante Aktivitätstypen in der konversationeilen Interaktion, die auch je unterschiedliehe sequentielle Implikationen für die konditioneil relevante Antwort haben. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 49 Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41948 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwilling, Eleonore A1 - Lidzba, Karen A1 - Winkler, Susanne A1 - Konietzko, Andreas A1 - Krägeloh-Mann, Ingeborg T1 - Pilotstudie zur Erfassung spezifischer Aspekte der Sprachverarbeitung bei Patienten mit läsionsinduzierter rechtshemisphärischer Sprachreorganisation JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-47053 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 VL - 3 SP - 175 EP - 180 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker-Redding, Ulrike T1 - KoArt : ein Ansatz zur Therapie der Verbalen Entwicklungsdyspraxie und sprechmotorisch begründeter Aussprachestörungen BT - eine Zusammenfassung des Vortrages von Ulrike Becker-Redding (Bochum) von Corinna Stahn JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46933 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1866-9085 VL - 3 SP - 45 EP - 58 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Heike T1 - Nachsprechen von grammatischen und ungrammatischen W-Fragen BT - was können die Leistungen von SES-Kindern über ihr syntaktisches Wissen aussagen? JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46977 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1866-9085 VL - 3 SP - 103 EP - 128 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Völsch, Juliane A1 - Mayer, Jörg T1 - Somatosensorisches Feedback und auditive Wahrnehmung bei Sprechapraxie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46983 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 VL - 3 SP - 129 EP - 138 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rohnke, Lucie A1 - Frank, Ulrike A1 - Stadie, Nicole T1 - Sprechapraxie-Therapie und Komplexität JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46997 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1866-9085 VL - 3 SP - 139 EP - 142 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Lorenz, Antje T1 - Die Behandlung von Wortabrufstörungen bei Aphasie : eine methodenvergleichende Studie zum Bildbenennen N2 - In einer multiplen Einzelfallstudie mit zehn aphasischen Patienten wurde die Wirksamkeit eines semantischen und eines phonologischen Therapieansatzes zur Behandlung von Wortabrufstörungen verglichen. Detaillierte Einzelfalluntersuchungen ermöglichten die Diagnose der zugrundeliegenden funktionalen Störungen bei jedem Patienten. Auf diese Weise konnten die erzielten Therapieeffekte auf die individuellen kognitiv-neurolinguistischen Störungsmuster bezogen werden. Im Vordergrund der Therapie stand in beiden Ansätzen das mündliche Benennen von Objektabbildungen mit unterschiedlichen Arten von Hilfen. Während in der semantischen Therapie Teilaspekte des semantischen Zielkonzepts als Benennhilfen eingesetzt wurden, handelte es sich bei den phonologischen Hilfen um Teilinformationen der Zielwortform. Bei der Erhebung von spezifischen Therapieeffekten wurde zwischen itemspezifischen und itemübergreifenden Verbesserungen sowie kurz- und langfristigen Effekten auf die mündlichen Benennleistungen unterschieden. Dabei wurden neben den quantitativen Verbesserungen (% korrekt) auch die qualitativen Effekte (Fehlertypen) der beiden Ansätze berücksichtigt, und es wurden Transfereffekte in die Spontansprache der Patienten untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden auch die Soforteffekte der verschiedenen Benennhilfen in den Therapiesitzungen erhoben. Im Methodenvergleich zeigte sich, dass die phonologische Therapiephase kurzfristig bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten signifikante Verbesserungen beim Bildbenennen bewirkte, diese Effekte haben sich jedoch überwiegend als nicht stabil erwiesen. Im Gegensatz dazu erwies sich die semantische Therapiephase auch als langfristig effektiv. Im Unterschied dazu erwiesen sich die phonologischen Benennhilfen bei fast allen Patienten als unmittelbar effektiver als die semantischen Benennhilfen. Somit waren die Soforteffekte der Hilfetypen in den Therapiesitzungen kein sicherer Indikator für die Dauer der Gesamteffekte einer Therapiephase. Außerdem zeigte sich nicht bei allen Patienten ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen der Art ihrer zugrundeliegenden funktionalen Störung und den erzielten Therapieeffekten. Einerseits profitierten Patienten mit erhaltenen semantischen Verarbeitungsleistungen von der semantischen Therapie, andererseits zeigten sich signifikante phonologische Therapieeffekte bei Patienten mit zentral-semantischen Störungen. Die Wirkmechanismen der beiden Therapieansätze werden unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher kognitiv-neurolinguistischer Theorien zum mündlichen Wortabrufprozess beim Bildbenennen interpretiert. N2 - This study compared semantic and phonological treatments of word retrieval in ten aphasic patients using a multiple single case paradigm. The patients' single word processing was investigated before therapy, so that specific treatment effects could be interpreted with regard to underlying functional deficit(s) in each patient. In both treatments, the main task was spoken picture naming with different types of cues. In the semantic treatment, different aspects of the semantic target concept were used as a cue in picture naming, in the phonological treatment, different types of word-form specific information were provided as a cue. Treatment effects were assessed in terms of both short- and long-lasting effects on spoken picture naming accuracy in each patient. Both quantitative (proportion of correct responses) and qualitative (error types) improvements were evaluated. Furthermore, generalisation to untreated pictures (control items) and related tasks and transfer effects into spontaneous speech were examined. In addition, the immediate effects of the different types of prompts in the phonological and semantic treatment sessions were analysed. Regarding the stability of effects, different outcomes were found for semantic versus phonological treatments. The phonological treatment phase produced only short-lasting effects in most of the patients. In contrast, the semantic treatment phase produced more stable effects in some participants. With regard to the immediate effects of the different types of cues in the treatment sessions, it turned out that the phonological cues produced stronger effects than the semantic cues in most of the participants. Nevertheless, the effects of the semantic treatment phase were more stable than the phonological treatment effects. Specific effects of the phonological and the semantic treatment were not directly linked to the underlying functional disorder in each patient. Patients with preserved and with impaired semantic processing of concrete nouns could profit from both methods. The underlying mechanisms of effectiveness of the two treatment methods are interpreted in the framework of different cognitive-neuropsychological theories of spoken picture naming. T2 - Die Behandlung von Wortabrufstörungen bei Aphasie : eine methodenvergleichende Studie zum Bildbenennen KW - Aphasie KW - Aphasietherapie KW - Wortabrufstörungen KW - Benennen KW - phonologische Hilfen KW - semantische Hilfen KW - aphasia KW - anomia treatment KW - anomia KW - picture naming KW - phonological cues KW - semantic cues Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001747 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kohler, Kaja T1 - Erwerb der frühen Verbmorphologie im Estnischen N2 - Die Studie untersucht den Erwerb der frühen Verbmorphologie im Estnischen. Als Datengrundlage der Arbeit dienen Spontansprachaufnahmen von 10 estnischsprachigen Kindern im Alter zwischen 10 und 32 Monaten. Die Studie versucht eine detaillierte Analyse des Erwerbs des estnischsprachigen Verbmorphologie vorzunehmen. Dabei werden die aufeinander folgenden Entwicklungsstadien, ihre ungefähren Altersgrenzen, sowie Erwerbsreihenfolge dargestellt und mit typologisch unterschiedlichen Sprachen verglichen. N2 - The thesis 'The acquisition of early verbal morphology in Estonian' examines the development of the early stages of acquisition of Estonian verbal morphology. The study based on recordings of the spontaneous speech production of 10 monolingual Estonian children between the age of 10 and 32 months. More specifically the study focusses on the investigation of aspects of the acquisition of inflectional morphology which can be derived from the language specific morphophonological properties of Estonian and compared with those of typologically different languages like English. KW - Estnisch KW - Spracherwerb KW - Verbmorphologie KW - Estonian KW - language acquisition KW - verbal morphology Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001288 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eggensperger, Karl-Heinz T1 - UNICERT in zehn Punkten BT - Stand und Perspektiven eines hochschulübergreifenden Zertifikats für den studienbegleitenden Fremdsprachenunterricht N2 - Der Beitrag beschreibt Grundzüge des UNIcert-Zertifikationssystems für den studienbegleitenden Fremdsprachenunterricht an deutschen Universitäten und Hochschulen. KW - UNIcert KW - Hochschulspezifischer Fremdsprachenunterricht KW - Zertifizierung Y1 - 2000 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-79 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Féry, Caroline T1 - Phonologie des Deutschen BT - eine optimalitätstheoretische Einführung ; Teil 1 T3 - Linguistics in Potsdam N2 - Inhalt: Kapitel 1: Phonetische Grundlagen: Akustische Phonetik Kapitel 2: Phonetische Grundlagen: Artikulatorische Phonetik Kapitel 3: Segment und Allophonie Kapitel 4: Distinktive Merkmale Kapitel 5: Die Silbe: prosodische Struktur der Wörter Kapitel 6: Derivationen und OT: die phonologischen Theorien T3 - Linguistics in Potsdam - 7, 3. Aufl. Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10916 SN - 1864-1857 IS - 7 ET - 3., überarb. Aufl. ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Pfau, Roland A1 - Steinbach, Markus T1 - Modality-independent and modality-specific aspects of grammaticalization in sign languages N2 - One type of internal diachronic change that has been extensively studied for spoken languages is grammaticalization whereby lexical elements develop into free or bound grammatical elements. Based on a wealth of spoken languages, a large amount of prototypical grammaticalization pathways has been identified. Moreover, it has been shown that desemanticization, decategorialization, and phonetic erosion are typical characteristics of grammaticalization processes. Not surprisingly, grammaticalization is also responsible for diachronic change in sign languages. Drawing data from a fair number of sign languages, we show that grammaticalization in visual-gestural languages – as far as the development from lexical to grammatical element is concerned – follows the same developmental pathways as in spoken languages. That is, the proposed pathways are modalityindependent. Besides these intriguing parallels, however, sign languages have the possibility of developing grammatical markers from manual and non-manual co-speech gestures. We will discuss various instances of grammaticalized gestures and we will also briefly address the issue of the modality-specificity of this phenomenon. T3 - Linguistics in Potsdam - 24 KW - grammaticalization KW - sign languages KW - modality KW - gesture KW - non-manuals KW - typology Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10886 SN - 978-3-939469-53-7 SN - 1864-1857 SN - 1616-7392 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK ED - Vogel, Ralf T1 - Three papers on German verb movement N2 - This volume offers new arguments and perspectives in the ongoing debate about the optimal analysis of verb movement, mainly, but not exclusively, in German. Fanselow and Meinunger deal with verb second (V2) movement in German main clauses. Fanselow argues that head movement of the substitution type follows the standard minimalist conceptions of Merge and Move and is therefore not subject to the same objections as head movement as head adjunction which violates Chomsky's minimalist extension condition, operates countercyclically, and fails to let the moved head c-command its trace. Fanselow argues for V2 movement as head movement of the substitution type. Meinunger discusses a restriction on V2 movement imposed by phrases like "mehr als" ('more than'), as in "Der Wert hat sich weit mehr als verdreifacht" ('the value has far more than tripled') where V2 movement is ruled out (cf. *"Der Wert verdreifachte sich mehr als"). Meinunger claims that this restriction is best analysed in phonological terms: the preposition/complementiser "als" acts as a prefixal clitic to its host, the finite verb, which therefore may not move without it. With respect to the V2 debate, Meinunger argues for an interface perspective. He shows that V2 is restricted from both the conceptual and the phonological interface. Vogel, finally, discusses the syntax of clause-final verbal complexes and their dialectal variation in German. He compares three different syntactic analyses, a minimalist head movement analysis, a minimalist XP movement analysis, and an Optimality theoretic PF movement analysis. The three accounts are evaluated relative to the additional assumptions they have to make, the complications they face and how they fit the observations. Vogel argues in favour of the phonologically oriented OT analysis because of its ability to create a direct link between the coming about of a particular word order pattern and its basically phonological trigger. Each of the three papers recognises the relevance of surface forms in the analysis of German verb movement. They differ, however in the extent to which phonological aspects take part in the explanations they offer. T3 - Linguistics in Potsdam - 22 KW - Verbsyntax KW - Verbzweit KW - Verbkomplexe Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10934 SN - 978-3-937786-07-0 SN - 1864-1857 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schröder, Astrid T1 - Semantische Kategorien und Merkmalswissen : eine experimentelle Studie zur semantischen Repräsentation konkreter Objektbegriffe T1 - Semantic categories and attribute knowledge : an experimental study on the semantic representations of concrete objects N2 - Die Arbeit untersucht die Annahme einer unterschiedlichen Gewichtung von distinktiven enzyklopädischen, funktionalen und sensorischen Merkmalen innerhalb der Repräsentationen von Objekten der belebten und unbelebten semantischen Domäne. Hierzu wurde ein Reaktionszeitexperiment zur Merkmalsverifikation durchgeführt. Vorab wurden deutsche Normen über das geschätzte Erwerbsalter für 244 Stimuli aus dem Korpus von Snodgrass & Vanderwart (1980) erhoben. Weiterhin wurde eine Datenbank von Merkmalsnormen für 80 konkrete Objektbegriffe erstellt. Insgesamt wurden zwei Reaktionszeitexperimente durchgeführt, die sich lediglich durch die Darbietungsdauer des Konzeptbegriffes unterschieden. Der Konzeptbegriff wurde entweder 1000 ms (lange Darbietung) oder 250 ms (kurze Darbietung) präsentiert, bevor das zu verifizierende semantische Merkmal erschien. Bei langer Präsentationszeit des Objektbegriffes zeigten sich für Objekte der unbelebten Domäne schnellere Reaktionszeiten beim Verifizieren von distinktiven funktionalen Merkmalen als beim Verifizieren von distinktiven enzyklopädischen Merkmalen. Dieser Effekt wurde bei kurzer Darbietungsdauer des Konzeptbegriffes repliziert. Bei kurzer Darbietung konnten für Objekte der unbelebten Domäne zusätzlich kürzere Reaktionszeiten beim Verifizieren distinktiver funktionaler Merkmale als beim Verifizieren distinktiver sensorischer Merkmale beobachtet werden. Für Objekte der belebten Domäne lagen weder nach kurzer noch nach langer Präsentation des Objektbegriffes Unterschiede in den Reaktionszeiten beim Verifizieren der semantischen Merkmale vor. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund aktueller neurolinguistischer Modelle zur Organisation des semantischen Gedächtnisses diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass innerhalb der Objektrepräsentationen belebter Objekte alle drei Merkmalstypen interkorrelieren. Für Objekte der unbelebten Domäne werden starke Interkorrelationen zwischen funktionalen und sensorischen Merkmalen angenommen. Zusätzlich wird davon ausgegangen, dass distinktive funktionale Merkmale innerhalb der Repräsentationen unbelebter Objekte besonders stark gewichtet sind. N2 - The study investigates the assumption of a differential weighting of distinctive encyclopaedic, functional and sensory semantic attributes within the concept representations of living and nonliving objects. A speeded feature verification task was conducted. In order to control the stimuli for various aspects, German norms were collected of estimated age of acquistion for 244 stimuli of the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) pictures. In addition, a feature listing study was carried out for 80 concrete living and nonliving concepts. Two reaction time experiments were conducted with different duration times of the presented object name. In Experiment 1 (long duration time), the object name was presented for 1000 ms, whereas in Experiment 2 (short duration time), the object name was presented for 250 ms before the semantic feature appeared. With long duration time, distinctive functional features of nonliving objects were verified faster than distinctive encyclopaedic features. This effect was replicated in Experiment 2 after short presentation of the object names. In addition, in Experiment 2, shorter reaction times were observed for functional features than for sensory features of nonliving objects. For living objects, no differences were observed in verifying the different feature types neither in Experiment 1 nor in Experiment 2. The results are discussed within the framework of different models of semantic memory. The results suggest that within the category of living objects, distinctive encyclopaedic, functional and sensory features are highly intercorrelated. For nonliving objects, it is assumed that distinctive sensory and functional but not encyclopaedic features are highly intercorrelated. In addition, distinctive functional features of nonliving objects seem to be weighted more strongly than distinctive sensory features within the object representations of nonliving objects. KW - semantisches Gedächtnis KW - semantische Merkmale KW - Merkmalsverifikation KW - Merkmalsauflistung KW - Erwerbsalter KW - semantic memory KW - attribute knowledge KW - feature listing KW - feature verification task KW - age of acquisition Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12837 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Ishihara, Shinichiro ED - Schmitz, Michaela ED - Schwarz, Anne T1 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; Working papers of the SFB 632 - Vol. 5 N2 - In this paper we compare the behaviour of adverbs of frequency (de Swart 1993) like usually with the behaviour of adverbs of quantity like for the most part in sentences that contain plural definites. We show that sentences containing the former type of Q-adverb evidence that Quantificational Variability Effects (Berman 1991) come about as an indirect effect of quantification over situations: in order for quantificational variability readings to arise, these sentences have to obey two newly observed constraints that clearly set them apart from sentences containing corresponding quantificational DPs, and that can plausibly be explained under the assumption that quantification over (the atomic parts of) complex situations is involved. Concerning sentences with the latter type of Q-adverb, on the other hand, such evidence is lacking: with respect to the constraints just mentioned, they behave like sentences that contain corresponding quantificational DPs. We take this as evidence that Q-adverbs like for the most part do not quantify over the atomic parts of sum eventualities in the cases under discussion (as claimed by Nakanishi and Romero (2004)), but rather over the atomic parts of the respective sum individuals. T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 5 KW - Adverbial Quantification KW - Situations KW - Tense Semantics KW - Adverbs of Frequency KW - Adverbs of Quantity Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13047 SN - 1866-4725 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK ED - Berner, Elisabeth ED - Voeste, Anja ED - Böhm, Manuela T1 - Ein groſs vnnd narhafft haffen : Festschrift für Joachim Gessinger N2 - Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik sind der Aufforderung der Herausgeberinnen gefolgt, Beiträge zu Ehren Joachim Gessingers zu verfassen, die sein zentrales Arbeitsgebiet, die jüngere Sprach-, Mentalitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte, zum Thema haben. Entstanden ist eine facettenreiche Festschrift, die Aspekte der Schriftgeschichte, der Sprachpolitik und der Universitätsgeschichte ebenso aufgreift wie linguistische Fragen zur Sprachvariation - und nicht zuletzt Einblicke in das komplexe Privatleben des Autors gewährt. Die Festschrift ist in Form eines Menüs zum 60. Geburtstag des Jubilars präsentiert und enthält nach dem Entrée als Plats du jour im Kapitel "Lüttje Lage und Maultaschen" Beiträge von Otto Ludwig (Von Kopf und Hand : zur Konstitution der neuzeitlichen Schreibpraxis in spätmittelalterlicher Zeit) und Isabel Zollna (Ohr und Hand : die Taquigrafía castellana o arte de escribir con tanta velocidad como se habla (1803) von Francisco de Paula Martí). Es folgt der Abschnitt "Bouletten" mit Beiträgen von Angelika Ebrecht / Klaus Laermann (Wie kommt Farbe zur Sprache?), Wolfert von Rahden („Ächte Weimaraner“ : zur Genealogie eines Genealogen), Susanne Scharnowski („Die Studirten drücken jetzt einander todt, wenn ich so sagen darf“ : einige Anmerkungen zu Universitätsreform und Gelehrsamkeitskritik seit der Aufklärung), Hartmut Schmidt (Die Sprache des Regimes und die Sprache der Bürger : Carl Goerdeler und andere zum Leipziger Universitätsjubiläum 1934) und Jürgen Trabant (Welche Sprache für Europa?). Im Kapitel „Rüben und Kartoffeln“ geben sich folgende Autoren die Ehre: Elisabeth Berner („Im ersten Augenblick war es mir Deinetwegen leid“ : Theodor Fontane im Krisenjahr 1876), Manuela Böhm (Berliner Sprach-Querelen : ein Ausschnitt aus der Debatte über den style réfugié im 18. Jahrhundert), Peter Eisenberg (Jeder versteht jeden : wie Luther die Pfingstgeschichte schreibt), Christian Fischer (Variation und Korrelation im Mittelniederdeutschen : Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Variablenlinguistik), Anja Voeste („Die Neger heben“? : die Sprachenfrage in Deutsch-Neuguinea (1884–1914)), Heide Wegener (Das Hühnerei vor der Hundehütte : von der Notwendigkeit historischen Wissens in der Grammatikographie des Deutschen) und Birgit Wolf („Woher kommt eigentlich ...?“ : Sprachberatung und Sprachgeschichte an der Universität Potsdam). Anschließend geht es ans Dessert: Liliane Weissberg (Die Unschuld des Namens und die ungeheure Unordnung der Welt), Roland Willemyns / Eline Vanhecke / Wim Vandenbussche (Politische Loyalität und Sprachwahl : eine Fallstudie aus dem Flandern des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts), Jürgen Erfurt (Zweisprachige Alphabetisierung im Räderwerk politischer und wissenschaftlicher Diskurse), Franz Januschek (Über Fritz und andere Auslaufmodelle : ein Beitrag zur Lingologie), Ulrich Schmitz (Grün bei Grimm) und Wolfert von Rahden (Immer wieder plötzlich am Ende des Sommers : zur Phänomenologie des Abschiedsrituals auf einem italienischen Landsitz in den achtziger Jahren) servieren Pralinen und Marshmallows, Obst und Hupferl. KW - Sprachgeschichte KW - Mentalitätsgeschichte KW - Sprachpolitik KW - Wissenschaftsgeschichte KW - Schriftgeschichte Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-5231 SN - 978-3-937786-35-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eggensperger, Karl-Heinz T1 - Kompetenzniveaus für das Lernen und Lehren von Fremdsprachen BT - Europarat und UNIcert N2 - Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die Frage, wie sich der Allgemeine Europäische Referenzrahmen mit sechs Stufen und die vier Kompetenzniveaus des UNIcert-Systems aufeinander beziehen lassen. Der Beitrag möchte als ein Angebot an die zuständigen Institutionen des Europarats aufgefaßt werden, den Allgemeinen Europäischen Referenzrahmen unter Einbeziehung des hochschulspezifischen Fremdsprachenunterrichts weiterzuentwickeln. Es müssen Überlegungen zu Beschreibungsparametern, die eine angemessene Progression unter Vermeidung großer Sprünge gewährleisten, angestellt werden. Durch die Einbeziehung von UNIcert könnte die internationale Vergleichbarkeit von Fremdsprachenausbildung und -zertifizierung auch auf dem Hochschulsektor vorangetrieben werden. Für UNIcert würde dies einen wichtigen Schritt von der Transparenz und Kohärenz im nationalen Rahmen zu einer größeren Konvergenz des universitären Sprachenlernens auf europäischer Ebene bedeuten. KW - Fremdsprachenzertifikationssysteme KW - europäische Ebene Y1 - 2000 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46 SP - 1 EP - 19 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bergmann, Kirsten A1 - Kopp, Stefan T1 - Verbal or visual? : How information is distributed across speech and gesture in spatial dialog N2 - In spatial dialog like in direction giving humans make frequent use of speechaccompanying gestures. Some gestures convey largely the same information as speech while others complement speech. This paper reports a study on how speakers distribute meaning across speech and gesture, and depending on what factors. Utterance meaning and the wider dialog context were tested by statistically analyzing a corpus of direction-giving dialogs. Problems of speech production (as indicated by discourse markers and disfluencies), the communicative goals, and the information status were found to be influential, while feedback signals by the addressee do not have any influence. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10375 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diderichsen, Philip T1 - Cross recurrence quantification analysis of indefinite anaphora in Swedish dialog : an eye-tracking pilot experiment N2 - A new method is used in an eye-tracking pilot experiment which shows that it is possible to detect differences in common ground associated with the use of minimally different types of indefinite anaphora. Following Richardson and Dale (2005), cross recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA) was used to show that the tandem eye movements of two Swedish-speaking interlocutors are slightly more coupled when they are using fully anaphoric indefinite expressions than when they are using less anaphoric indefinites. This shows the potential of CRQA to detect even subtle processing differences in ongoing discourse. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10388 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lücking, Andy A1 - Rieser, Hannes A1 - Staudacher, Marc T1 - Multi-modal integration for gesture and speech N2 - Demonstratives, in particular gestures that "only" accompany speech, are not a big issue in current theories of grammar. If we deal with gestures, fixing their function is one big problem, the other one is how to integrate the representations originating from different channels and, ultimately, how to determine their composite meanings. The growing interest in multi-modal settings, computer simulations, human-machine interfaces and VRapplications increases the need for theories ofmultimodal structures and events. In our workshopcontribution we focus on the integration of multimodal contents and investigate different approaches dealing with this problem such as Johnston et al. (1997) and Johnston (1998), Johnston and Bangalore (2000), Chierchia (1995), Asher (2005), and Rieser (2005). Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10393 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Saget, Sylvie A1 - Guyomard, Marc T1 - Goal-oriented dialog as a collaborative subordinated activity involving collective acceptance N2 - Modeling dialog as a collaborative activity consists notably in specifying the contain of the Conversational Common Ground and the kind of social mental state involved. In previous work (Saget, 2006), we claim that Collective Acceptance is the proper social attitude for modeling Conversational Common Ground in the particular case of goal-oriented dialog. We provide a formalization of Collective Acceptance, besides elements in order to integrate this attitude in a rational model of dialog are provided; and finally, a model of referential acts as being part of a collaborative activity is provided. The particular case of reference has been chosen in order to exemplify our claims. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10420 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - DeVault, David A1 - Stone, Matthew T1 - Scorekeeping in an uncertain language game N2 - Received views of utterance context in pragmatic theory characterize the occurrent subjective states of interlocutors using notions like common knowledge or mutual belief. We argue that these views are not compatible with the uncertainty and robustness of context-dependence in human–human dialogue. We present an alternative characterization of utterance context as objective and normative. This view reconciles the need for uncertainty with received intuitions about coordination and meaning in context, and can directly inform computational approaches to dialogue. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10448 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Broekhuis, Hans ED - Vogel, Ralf T1 - Optimality theory and minimalism : a possible convergence? N2 - This issue of Linguistics in Potsdam contains a number of papers that grew out of the workshop Descriptive and Empirical Adequacy in Linguistics held in Berlin on December 17-19 December, 2005. One of the goals of this meeting was to bring together scholars working in various frameworks (with emphasis on the Minimalist Program and Optimality Theory) and to discuss matters concerning descriptive and empirical adequacy. Another explicit goal was to discuss the question whether Minimalism and Optimality Theory should be considered incompatible and, hence, competing theories, or whether the two frameworks should rather be considered complementary in certain respects (see http://let.uvt.nl/deal05/call.html for the call for papers). Five of the seven papers in this volume directly grew out of the oral presentations given at the workshop. Although Vieri Samek-Lodovici’s paper was not part of the workshop, it can also be considered a result of the workshop since it pulls together some of his many comments during the discussion time. The paper by Eva Engels and Sten Vikner discusses a phenomenon that received much interest from both minimalist and optimality theoretic syntax in the recent years, Scandinavian object shift. The paper may serve as a practical example for a claim that is repeatedly made in this volume: minimalist and OT analyses, even where they might be competing, can fruitfully inform each other in a constructive manner, leading to a deeper understanding of syntactic phenomena. T3 - Linguistics in Potsdam - 25 Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11909 SN - 978-3-939469-54-4 SN - 1616-7392 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Brehm-Jurish, Eva Ute T1 - Connective ties in discourse : three ERP-studies on causal, temporal and concessive connective ties and their influence on language processing T1 - Konnektiva im Diskurs : drei EKP-Studien zu kausalen, temporalen und konzessiven Konnektiva und ihrem Einfluß auf die Sprachverarbeitung N2 - Connective ties in discourse: Three ERP studies on causal, temporal and concessive connective ties and their influence on language processing. Questions In four experiments the influence of lexical connectives such as " darum", therefore, " danach", afterwards, and " trotzdem", nevertheless, on the processing of short two-sentence discourses was examined and compared to the processing of deictical sentential adverbs such as " gestern", yesterday, and " lieber", rather. These latter words do not have the property of signaling a certain discourse relation between two sentences, as connective ties do. Three questions were central to the work: * Do the processing contrasts found between connective and non-connective elements extend to connective ties and deictical sentential adverbs (experiments 2 and 3)? * Does the semantic content of the connective ties play the primary role, i.e is the major distinction to be made indeed between connective and non-connective or instead between causal, temporal and concessive? * When precisely is the information provided by connective ties used? There is some evidence that connective ties can have an immediate influence on the integration of subsequent elements, but the end of the second sentences appears to play an important role as well: experiments 2, 3, and 4. Conclusions First of all, the theoretical distinction between connective and non-connective elements does indeed have " cognitive reality" . This has already been shown in previous studies. The present studies do however show, that there is also a difference between one-place discourse elements (deictical sentential adverbs) and two-place discourse elements, namely connective ties, since all experiments examining this contrast found evidence for qualitatively and quantitatively different processing (experiments 1, 2, and 3). Secondly, the semantic type of the connective ties also plays a role. This was not shown for the LAN, found for all connective ties when compared to non-connective elements, and consequently interpreted as a more abstract reflection of the integration of connective ties. There was also no difference between causal and temporal connective ties before the end of the discourses in experiment 3. However, the N400 found for incoherent discourses in experiment 2, larger for connective incoherent than non-connective incoherent discourses, as well as the P3b found for concessive connective ties in the comparison between causal and concessive connective ties gave reason to assume that the semantic content of connective ties is made use of in incremental processing, and that the relation signaled by the connective tie is the one that readers attempt to construct. Concerning when the information provided by connective ties is used, it appears as if connectivity is generally and obligatorily taken at face value. As long as the meaning of a connective tie did not conflict with a preferred canonical discourse relation, there were no differences found for varying connective discourses (experiment 3). However, the fact that concessive connective ties announce the need for a more complex text representation was recognized and made use of immediately (experiment 4). Additionally, a violation of the discourse relation resulted in more difficult semantic integration if a connective tie was present (experiment 2). It is therefore concluded here that connective ties influence processing immediately. This claim has to be modified somewhat, since the sentence-final elements suggested that connective ties trigger different integration processes than non-connective elements. It seems as if the answer to the question of when connective ties are processed is neither exclusively immediately nor exclusively afterwards, but that both viewpoints are correct. It is suggested here that before the end of a discourse economy plays a central role in that a canonical relation is assumed unless there is evidence to the contrary. A connective tie could have the function of reducing the dimensions evaluated in a discourse to the one signaled by the connective tie. At the end of the discourse the representation is evaluated and verified, and an integrated situation model constructed. Here, the complexity of the different discourse relations that connective ties can signal, is expressed. N2 - Konnektiva im Diskurs: Drei EKP-Studien zu kausalen, temporalen und konzessiven Konnektoren und ihrem Einfluss auf die Sprachverarbeitung. Einführung und Fragestellung In vier Experimenten wurde der Einfluss von lexikalischen Konnektiva wie " darum", " danach" und " trotzdem" auf die Verarbeitung von kurzen zweisätzigen Diskursen untersucht und mit der Verarbeitung von deiktischen Satzaderbien wie " gestern" und " lieber" verglichen, die nicht wie die Konnektiva die Eigenschaft haben, die Diskursrelation zwischen zwei Sätzen explizit auszudrücken. Drei Fragen standen im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit: * Findet sich der Kontrast zwischen konnektiven und nicht-konnektiven Elementen auch zwischen Konnektiva und deiktischen Satzadverbien wieder (Experimente 2 und 3)? * Spielt der semantische Inhalt der Konnektiva die primäre Rolle: ist die Hauptunterscheidung zwischen konnektiven und nicht-konnektiven Elementen zu machen, oder zwischen kausalen (darum, deshalb), temporalen (danach, hinterher) und konzessiven (trotzdem, dennoch) Elementen (Experimente 3 / 4)? * Wann genau wird die Information, die Konnektiva bieten, genutzt? Es gibt Evidenz dafür, dass Konnektiva einen sofortigen Einfluss haben, aber auch dafür, dass das Ende der Texte eine gewichtige Rolle spielt: Experimente 2, 3, und 4. Konklusionen Zunächst einmal hat die theoretische Unterscheidung zwischen konnektiven und nicht-konnektiven Worten tatsächlich " kognitive Realität" . Dies wurde bereits in früheren Studien gezeigt. Die aktuellen Experimente zeigten jedoch, dass es auch einen Unterschied zwischen einstelligen (deiktische Satzadverbien) und zweistelligen (Konnektiva) Diskursrelationen gibt, da alle Experimente, die diesen Kontrast untersuchten, qualitativ und quantitativ andere Verarbeitung für Konnektiva zeigten (Experimente 1, 2 und 3). Zweitens spielt der semantische Typus der Konnektiva ebenfalls eine Rolle. Dieser Einfluss zeigte sich nicht für die LAN, die für alle Konnektiva im Vergleich mit nicht-konnektiven Elementen gefunden wurde, und die dementsprechend auch als Korrelat abstrakterer Integration von Konnektiva vorgeschlagen wird. Es zeigte sich ebenfalls kein Unterschied zwischen kausalen und temporalen Konnektiva vor dem Ende des Diskurses in Experiment 3. Die N400, gefunden für inkohärente Satzpaare in Experiment 2, größer für inkohärent konnektive als inkohärent nicht-konnektive Diskurse, wie auch die P3b, gefunden im Vergleich zwischen kausalen und konzessiven Konnektiva in Experiment 4, lieferten jedoch Grund zu der Annahme, dass die Bedeutung von Konnektiva in der inkrementellen Verarbeitung genutzt wird, und dass die Relation, die Konnektiva signalisieren, diejenige ist, die Leser versuchen zu erstellen. Im Hinblick auf wann die Information, die Konnektiva liefern, genutzt wird, scheint es, also ob Konnektivität generell und obligatorisch für bare Münze genommen wird. So lange die Bedeutung der Konnektiva nicht mit einer präferierten kanonischen Diskursrelation konfligierte, zeigten sich keine Differenzen innerhalb verschiedener konnektiver Diskurse (Experiment 3), aber die Tatsache, dass konzessive Konnektiva die Notwendigkeit einer komplexeren Textrepräsentation voraussagen, wurde sofort erkannt und genutzt (Experiment 4). Zusätzlich resultierte eine Verletzung der Diskursrelation in Experiment 2 in erschwerterer semantischer Integration, wenn ein Konnektivum vorhanden war. Es wird daher gefolgert, dass Konnektiva die Verarbeitung sofort beeinflussen. Diese Schlussfolgerung muss jedoch etwas abgeschwächt werden, da die satzfinalen Elemente darauf hinwiesen, dass Konnektiva andere Integrationsprozesse am Ende der Diskurse auslösten als nicht-konnektive Elemente. Es scheint, dass die Antwort auf die Frage, wann Konnektiva verarbeitet werden, weder sofort noch hinterher ist, sondern dass beide Sichtweisen korrekt sind. Es wird hier vorgeschlagen, dass vor dem Ende eines Diskurses Ökonomie insofern eine entscheidende Rolle spielt, als eine kanonische Relation angenommen wird so lange es keine gegenteilige Evidenz gibt. Ein Konnektivum könnte die evaluierten Dimensionen in einem Diskurs auf die signalisierten reduzieren. Am Ende des Diskurses wird die erstellte Textrepräsentation evaluiert und verifiziert, und ein integriertes Situationsmodell erstellt. Hier drückt sich dann die Komplexität der verschiedenen Diskursrelationen, die Konnktiva signalisieren können, aus. KW - Sprachverarbeitung KW - Ereigniskorreliertes Potenzial KW - Diskurssemantik KW - Konnektoren KW - Inferenzen KW - Diskursrepräsentation KW - Situationsmodell KW - language processing KW - evoked potentials KW - discourse processing KW - connective ties KW - inferences KW - situation model Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-6780 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolska, Magdalena A1 - Kruijff-Korbayová, Ivana T1 - Modeling anaphora in informal mathematical dialogue N2 - We analyze anaphoric phenomena in the context of building an input understanding component for a conversational system for tutoring mathematics. In this paper, we report the results of data analysis of two sets of corpora of dialogs on mathematical theorem proving. We exemplify anaphoric phenomena, identify factors relevant to anaphora resolution in our domain and extensions to the input interpretation component to support it. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10455 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kempson, Ruth A1 - Cann, Ronnie T1 - Dialogue pressures and syntactic change N2 - On the basis of the Dynamic Syntax framework, this paper argues that the production pressures in dialogue determining alignment effects and given versus new informational effects also drive the shift from case-rich free word order systems without clitic pronouns into systems with clitic pronouns with rigid relative ordering. The paper introduces assumptions of Dynamic Syntax, in particular the building up of interpretation through structural underspecification and update, sketches the attendant account of production with close coordination of parsing and production strategies, and shows how what was at the Latin stage a purely pragmatic, production-driven decision about linear ordering becomes encoded in the clitics in theMedieval Spanish system which then through successive steps of routinization yield the modern systems with immediately pre-verbal fixed clitic templates. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10469 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vlugter, Peter A1 - Knott, Alistair T1 - A multi-speaker dialogue system for computer-aided language learning N2 - The main topic of this paper is how to configure a dialogue system to support computer-aided language learning. The paper also serves to introduce our new multi-speaker dialogue system, and highlight some of its novel features. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10208 ER - TY - THES A1 - Postler, Jenny T1 - Die neuronale Verarbeitung von Nomen und Verben T1 - The neural processing of nouns and verbs N2 - Seit etwa zwei Jahrzehnten stellt die kognitive und neuronale Verarbeitung von Nomen und Verben einen bedeutsamen Forschungsschwerpunkt im Bereich der Neurolinguistik und Neuropsychologie dar. Intensive Forschungsbemühungen der letzten Jahre erbrachten eine Reihe von Ergebnissen, die jedoch überwiegend inkonsistent und widersprüchlich sind. Eine häufig vertretene Annahme im Bezug auf die neuronale Basis der Nomen und Verb Verarbeitung ist die so genannte anterior-posterior Dissoziation. Demnach werden Nomen in temporalen und Verben in frontalen Regionen der sprachdominanten, linken Hemisphäre verarbeitet. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht mit Hilfe der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomographie, welche kortikalen Regionen in den Abruf von Nomen und Verben beim stillen Bildbennen involviert sind. Ferner wird der Einfluss des Faktors age-of-acquisition (Erwerbsalter) auf die Hirnaktivierung beim Bildbenennen überprüft. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass der Abruf von Nomen und Verben ähnliche kortikale Aktivierungen in bilateral okzipitalen sowie links frontalen, temporalen und inferior parietalen Regionen hervorruft, wobei für Verben stärkere Aktivierungen in links frontalen und bilateral temporalen Arealen beobachtet wurden. Dieses Ergebnis widerspricht der Annahme einer anterior-posterior Dissoziation. Die beobachteten Aktivierungsmuster unterstützen dagegen die Auffassung, dass ein gemeinsames Netzwerk bestehend aus anterioren und posterioren Komponenten für die Verarbeitung von Nomen und Verben beim Bildbenennen verantwortlich ist. Die Studie ergab ferner, dass kortikale Aktivierungen beim Bildbenennen durch das Erwerbsalter moduliert werden. Dabei zeigten sich Aktivierungen für später erworbene Wörter im linken inferioren Frontallappen und im basal temporalen Sprachareal. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und interpretiert vor dem Hintergrund aktueller kognitiver und neuroanatomischer Modelle der Sprachverarbeitung. N2 - The cognitive and neuronal mechanisms underlying the retrieval of nouns and verbs are a complex issue, which has attracted the interest of neurolinguists and cognitive neuroscientists during the last two decades. Unfortunately, the results emerged from previous studies are often contradictory. A frequent claim in neurolinguistic literature is the anterior-posterior dichotomy of the noun and verb retrieval. Within this framework nouns are associated with left temporal brain areas whereas verbs rely on structures in the left frontal lobe. This thesis investigates the brain areas which are involved in silent naming of German noun and verb pictures by means of event related fMRI. In addition the influence of age-of-acquisition on brain activity during picture naming was examined. Noun and verb retrieval revealed a similar pattern of bilateral occipital, left frontal, temporal and inferior parietal cortical activation, albeit verb naming resulted in stronger activation in left frontal and bilateral temporal areas. The results do not confirm the anterior-posterior hypothesis. They support rather a similar cortical network for the processing of nouns and verbs in picture naming. Furthermore the results indicated that age-of-acquisition modulates brain activation during silent picture naming. Cortical activation for late learned words was detected in the left inferior frontal cortex and in the left basal temporal language area. The data were discussed and interpreted on the basis of current cognitive and neuroanatomical models of language processing. KW - Nomen KW - Verb KW - kategoriespezifische Benennstörungen KW - Erwerbsalter KW - fMRT KW - Bildbenennen KW - noun KW - verb KW - picture naming KW - fMRI KW - age-of-acquisition Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10214 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Karagjosova, Elena T1 - Correction and acceptance by contrastive focus N2 - An account is presented of the focus properties, common ground effect and dialogue behaviour of the accented German discourse marker "doch" and the accented sentence negation "nicht". It is argued that "doch" and "nicht" evoke as a focus alternative the logical complement of the proposition expressed by the sentence in which they occur, and that an analysis in terms of contrastive focus accounts for their effect on the common ground and their function in dialogue. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10258 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Fischer, Susann ED - van de Vijver, Ruben ED - Vogel, Ralf T1 - Experimental studies in linguistics 1 N2 - This is the first issue of a series in which affiliates of the Institute of Linguistics report the results of their experimental work. Generative linguistics usually rely on the method of native speaker judgements in order to test their hypotheses. If a hypothesis rules out a set of sentences, linguistics can ask native speakers whether they feel these sentences are indeed ungrammatical in their language. There are, however, circumstances where this method is unreliable. In such cases a more elaborate method to test a hypothesis is called. All papes in this series, and hence, all papers in this volume deal with issues that cannot be reliably tested with native speaker judgements. This volume contains 7 papers, all using different methods and finding answers to very different questions. This heterogenity, by the way, reflects the various interests and research programs of the institute. The paper, by Trutkowski, Zugck, Blaszczak, Fanselow, Fischer and Vogel deals with superiority in 10 Indo-European languages. The paper by Schlesewsky, Fanselow and Frisch and by Schlesewsky and Frisch, deal with the role of case in processing German sentences. The paper by Vogel and Frisch deals with resolving case conflicts, as does the paper by Vogel and Zugck. The nature of partitive case is the topic of the paper by Fischer. The paper by K?gler deals with the realization of question intonation in two German dialects. We hope that you enjoy reading the papers! T3 - Linguistics in Potsdam - 21 KW - Experimentelle Linguisitk KW - Psycholinguistik KW - Sprachverarbeitung KW - Phonologie KW - Syntax KW - Korpuslinguistik Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10960 SN - 1864-1857 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna A1 - Fischer, Susann T1 - Multiple Wh-Konstruktionen im Slavischen : state of the art report N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine kritische Übersicht über den Forschungsstand zu multiplen Wh-Konstruktionen im Slavischen dar. Das Ziel ist es, die Unklarheit der Datenlage und die Widersprüchlichkeit der auf solchen "unklaren" Daten basierten Theorien aufzuzeigen. Inhalt: Historischer Hintergrund (Wachowicz 1974) Einige ältere Ansätze Höhepunkt: die folgenschwere Arbeit von Rudin (1988) Probleme: - Das Problem der Zuverlässlichkeit von Daten - Das Problem der Relevanz von Daten "Harte" Fakten: - Strikte Superioritätseffekte im Bulgarischen - Obligatorische Wh-Anhebung im Slavischen Neuere Ansätze: - "Qualitative" Ansätze - "Quantitative" Ansätze - Alternative Ansätze T3 - Linguistics in Potsdam - 14 Y1 - 2001 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10973 SN - 1864-1857 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Macura, Zoran A1 - Ginzburg, Jonathan T1 - Acquiring words across generations : introspectively or interactively? N2 - How does a shared lexicon arise in population of agents with differing lexicons, and how can this shared lexicon be maintained over multiple generations? In order to get some insight into these questions we present an ALife model in which the lexicon dynamics of populations that possess and lack metacommunicative interaction (MCI) capabilities are compared. We ran a series of experiments on multi-generational populations whose initial state involved agents possessing distinct lexicons. These experiments reveal some clear differences in the lexicon dynamics of populations that acquire words solely by introspection contrasted with populations that learn using MCI or using a mixed strategy of introspection and MCI. The lexicon diverges at a faster rate for an introspective population, eventually collapsing to one single form which is associated with all meanings. This contrasts sharply with MCI capable populations in which a lexicon is maintained, where every meaning is associated with a unique word. We also investigated the effect of increasing the meaning space and showed that it speeds up the lexicon divergence for all populations irrespective of their acquisition method. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10408 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thomas, Kavita E. T1 - Modelling Correction Signalled by "But" in Dialogue N2 - Claiming that cross-speaker "but" can signal correction in dialogue, we start by describing the types of corrections "but" can communicate by focusing on the Speech Act (SA) communicated in the previous turn and address the ways in which "but" can correct what is communicated. We address whether "but" corrects the proposition, the direct SA or the discourse relation communicated in the previous turn. We will also briefly address other relations signalled by cross-turn "but". After presenting a typology of the situations "but" can correct, we will address how these corrections can be modelled in the Information State model of dialogue, motivating this work by showing how it can be used to potentially avoid misunderstandings. We wrap up by showing how the model presented here updates beliefs in the Information State representation of the dialogue and can be used to facilitate response deliberation. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10308 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Beyssade, Claire A1 - Marandin, Jean-Marie T1 - From complex to simple speech acts : a bidimensional analysis of illocutionary N2 - We present a new analysis of illocutionary forces in dialogue. We analyze them as complex conversational moves involving two dimensions: what Speaker commits herself to and what she calls on Addressee to perform. We start from the analysis of speech acts such as confirmation requests or whimperatives, and extend the analysis to seemingly simple speech acts, such as statements and queries. Then, we show how to integrate our proposal in the framework of the Grammar for Conversation (Ginzburg, to app.), which is adequate for modelling agents' information states and how they get updated. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10319 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hara, Yurie T1 - Question intonation and lexicalized bias expression N2 - This paper examines the interaction between different utterance types and the Japanese modal particle darou, and proposes that the decision-theoretic semantics accounts for the interaction among darou, sentence types and intonation. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10323 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Artstein, Ron A1 - Poesio, Massimo T1 - Identifying reference to abstract objects in dialogue N2 - In two experiments, many annotators marked antecedents for discourse deixis as unconstrained regions of text. The experiments show that annotators do converge on the identity of these text regions, though much of what they do can be captured by a simple model. Demonstrative pronouns are more likely than definite descriptions to be marked with discourse antecedents. We suggest that our methodology is suitable for the systematic study of discourse deixis. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10357 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lascarides, Alex A1 - Stone, Matthew T1 - Formal semantics for iconic gesture N2 - We present a formal analysis of iconic coverbal gesture. Our model describes the incomplete meaning of gesture that’s derivable from its form, and the pragmatic reasoning that yields a more specific interpretation. Our formalism builds on established models of discourse interpretation to capture key insights from the descriptive literature on gesture: synchronous speech and gesture express a single thought, but while the form of iconic gesture is an important clue to its interpretation, the content of gesture can be resolved only by linking it to its context. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10330 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lücking, Andy A1 - Rieser, Hannes A1 - Staudacher, Marc T1 - SDRT and multi-modal situated communication N2 - Classical SDRT (Asher and Lascarides, 2003) discussed essential features of dialogue like adjacency pairs or corrections and up-dating. Recent work in SDRT (Asher, 2002, 2005) aims at the description of natural dialogue. We use this work to model situated communication, i.e. dialogue, in which sub-sentential utterances and gestures (pointing and grasping) are used as conventional modes of communication. We show that in addition to cognitive modelling in SDRT, capturing mental states and speech-act related goals, special postulates are needed to extract meaning out of contexts. Gestural meaning anchors Discourse Referents in contextually given domains. Both sorts of meaning are fused with the meaning of fragments to get at fully developed dialogue moves. This task accomplished, the standard SDRT machinery, tagged SDRSs, rhetorical relations, the up-date mechanism, and the Maximize Discourse Coherence constraint generate coherent structures. In sum, meanings from different verbal and non-verbal sources are assembled using extended SDRT to form coherent wholes. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10348 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kranstedt, Alfred A1 - Lücking, Andy A1 - Pfeiffer, Thies A1 - Rieser, Hannes A1 - Staudacher, Marc T1 - Measuring and reconstructing pointing in visual contexts N2 - We describe an experiment to gather original data on geometrical aspects of pointing. In particular, we are focusing upon the concept of the pointing cone, a geometrical model of a pointing’s extension. In our setting we employed methodological and technical procedures of a new type to integrate data from annotations as well as from tracker recordings. We combined exact information on position and orientation with rater’s classifications. Our first results seem to challenge classical linguistic and philosophical theories of demonstration in that they advise to separate pointings from reference. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10362 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Dipper, Stefanie ED - Goetze, Michael ED - Skopeteas, Stavros T1 - Information structure in cross-linguistic corpora : annotation guidelines for phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and information structure N2 - This volume presents annotation guidelines that have been developed in the context of the SFB 632, a collaborative research center entitled "Information Structure: the Linguistic Means for Structuring Utterances, Sentences and Texts". An important result of the SFB 632 are the SFB corpora from more than 20 typologically different languages, which have been annotated according to the guidelines presented here. The ultimate target of the data and its annotations is to support the study of Information Structure. Information Structure involves all levels of grammar and, hence, the present guidelines cover relevant aspects of all these levels: - Phonology - Morphology - Syntax - Semantics - Information Structure These levels are dealt with in individual chapters, containing tagset declarations with obligatory and optional tags, detailed annotation instructions, and illustrative examples. The volume also presents an evaluation of inter-annotator agreement of Syntax and Information Structural annotation. T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 7 Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14199 SN - 978-3-939469-66-7 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mills, Gregory J. A1 - Healey, Patrick G. T. T1 - Clarifying spatial descriptions : local and global effects on semantic co-ordination N2 - A key problem for models of dialogue is to explain the mechanisms involved in generating and responding to clarification requests. We report a 'Maze task' experiment that investigates the effect of 'spoof' clarification requests on the development of semantic co-ordination. The results provide evidence of both local and global semantic co-ordination phenomena that are not captured by existing dialogue co-ordination models. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10414 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pfleger, Norbert A1 - Alexandersson, Jan T1 - Towards resolving referring expressions by implicitly activated referents in practical dialogue systems N2 - We present an extension to a comprehensive context model that has been successfully employed in a number of practical conversational dialogue systems. The model supports the task of multimodal fusion as well as that of reference resolution in a uniform manner. Our extension consists of integrating implicitly mentioned concepts into the context model and we show how they serve as candidates for reference resolution. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10187 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dzikovska, Myroslava O. A1 - Callaway, Charles B. A1 - Stone, Matthew A1 - Moore, Johanna D. T1 - Understanding student input for tutorial dialogue in procedural domains N2 - We present an analysis of student language input in a corpus of tutoring dialogue in the domain of symbolic differentiation. Our focus on procedural tutoring makes the dialogue comparable to collaborative problem-solving (CPS). Existing CPS models describe the process of negotiating plans and goals, which also fits procedural tutoring. However, we provide a classification of student utterances and corpus annotation which shows that approximately 28% of non-trivial student language in this corpus is not accounted for by existing models, and addresses other functions, such as evaluating past actions or correcting mistakes. Our analysis can be used as a foundation for improving models of tutoring dialogue. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10193 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Clahsen, Harald A1 - Jessen, Anna T1 - Do bilingual children lag behind? BT - A study of morphological encoding using ERPs T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The current study investigates how bilingual children encode and produce morphologically complex words. We employed a silent-production-plus-delayed-vocalization paradigm in which event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during silent encoding of inflected words which were subsequently cued to be overtly produced. The bilingual children's spoken responses and their ERPs were compared to previous datasets from monolingual children on the same task. We found an enhanced negativity for regular relative to irregular forms during silent production in both bilingual children's languages, replicating the ERP effect previously obtained from monolingual children. Nevertheless, the bilingual children produced more morphological errors (viz. over-regularizations) than monolingual children. We conclude that mechanisms of morphological encoding (as measured by ERPs) are parallel for bilingual and monolingual children, and that the increased over-regularization rates are due to their reduced exposure to each of the two languages (relative to monolingual children). T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 682 KW - morphology KW - event-related brain potentials KW - bilingualism Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469727 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 682 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Garcia, Rowena A1 - Roeser, Jens A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Children's online use of word order and morphosyntactic markers in Tagalog thematic role assignment BT - an eye-tracking study T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We investigated whether Tagalog-speaking children incrementally interpret the first noun as the agent, even if verbal and nominal markers for assigning thematic roles are given early in Tagalog sentences. We asked five- and seven-year-old children and adult controls to select which of two pictures of reversible actions matched the sentence they heard, while their looks to the pictures were tracked. Accuracy and eye-tracking data showed that agent-initial sentences were easier to comprehend than patient-initial sentences, but the effect of word order was modulated by voice. Moreover, our eye-tracking data provided evidence that, by the first noun phrase, seven-year-old children looked more to the target in the agent-initial compared to the patient-initial conditions, but this word order advantage was no longer observed by the second noun phrase. The findings support language processing and acquisition models which emphasize the role of frequency in developing heuristic strategies (e.g., Chang, Dell, & Bock, 2006). T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 673 KW - Tagalog acquisition KW - sentence comprehension KW - word order KW - morphosyntax KW - thematic role assignment Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469678 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 673 SP - 533 EP - 555 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Czapka, Sophia A1 - Wotschack, Christiane A1 - Klassert, Annegret A1 - Festman, Julia T1 - A path to the bilingual advantage BT - pairwise matching of individuals T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Matching participants (as suggested by Hope, 2015) may be one promising option for research on a potential bilingual advantage in executive functions (EF). In this study we first compared performances in three EF-tasks of a naturally heterogeneous sample of monolingual (n = 69, age = 9.0 y) and multilingual children (n = 57, age = 9.3 y). Secondly, we meticulously matched participants pairwise to obtain two highly homogeneous groups to rerun our analysis and investigate a potential bilingual advantage. The initally disadvantaged multilinguals (regarding socioeconomic status and German lexicon size) performed worse in updating and response inhibition, but similarly in interference inhibition. This indicates that superior EF compensate for the detrimental effects of the background variables. After matching children pairwise on age, gender, intelligence, socioeconomic status and German lexicon size, performances became similar except for interference inhibition. Here, an advantage for multilinguals in the form of globally reduced reaction times emerged, indicating a bilingual executive processing advantage. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 688 KW - executive functions KW - bilingualism KW - interference inhibition KW - pairwise matching KW - primary school children KW - background variables KW - lexicon size Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469736 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 688 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sauermann, Antje A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Word order in German child language and child-directed speech BT - A corpus analysis on the ordering of double objects in the German middlefield T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We report two corpus analyses to examine the impact of animacy, definiteness, givenness and type of referring expression on the ordering of double objects in the spontaneous speech of German-speaking two- to four-year-old children and the child-directed speech of their mothers. The first corpus analysis revealed that definiteness, givenness and type of referring expression influenced word order variation in child language and child-directed speech when the type of referring expression distinguished between pronouns and lexical noun phrases. These results correspond to previous child language studies in English (e.g., de Marneffe et al. 2012). Extending the scope of previous studies, our second corpus analysis examined the role of different pronoun types on word order. It revealed that word order in child language and child-directed speech was predictable from the types of pronouns used. Different types of pronouns were associated with different sentence positions but also showed a strong correlation to givenness and definiteness. Yet, the distinction between pronoun types diminished the effects of givenness so that givenness had an independent impact on word order only in child-directed speech but not in child language. Our results support a multi-factorial approach to word order in German. Moreover, they underline the strong impact of the type of referring expression on word order and suggest that it plays a crucial role in the acquisition of the factors influencing word order variation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 687 KW - German KW - word order KW - corpus study KW - language acquisition KW - information structure KW - referring expression Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470174 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 687 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eckstein, Lars A1 - Schwarz, Anja T1 - Authors’ Response: The Making of Tupaia's Map Revisited T2 - The journal of pacific history Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2019.1657500 SN - 1469-9605 SN - 0022-3344 VL - 54 IS - 4 SP - 549 EP - 561 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keskin, Cem T1 - On the directionality of the Balkan Turkic verb phrase BT - Variationist and theoretical perspectives JF - Languages N2 - Balkan varieties of Turkic, particularly those on the periphery of the Turkic spread area in the region, such as Gagauz and West Rumelian Turkish, are commonly observed to have head-initial verb phrases. Based on a wide survey, this paper attempts a more precise description of the pattern of VP directionality across Balkan Turkic and shows that there is considerable variation in how prevalent VX order is, a pattern that turns out to be more complex than the previous descriptions suggest: Two spectrums of directionality can be discerned between XV and VX orders, contingent upon type of the dependent of the verb and dialect locale. The paper also explores the grammatical causes underlying this shift in constituent order. First, VX order seems to be dependent upon whether a clause is nominal or not. Nonfinite clauses of the nominal type have XV order across Balkan Turkic, while finite clauses and nonfinite clauses of the converbial type show differing degrees of VX order depending on type of dependent and geographical location. Second, VX order appears to be an outcome of verb movement to the left of the dependent in finite clauses and nonfinite clauses of the converbial type, rather than head parameter shift. KW - Balkan Turkic KW - Rumelian Turkic KW - OV–VO KW - verb phrase KW - head directionality KW - nominalization KW - verb movement KW - head parameter KW - word order variation KW - microvariation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages8010002 SN - 2226-471X VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spahn, Hannah T1 - Rezension zu: Valsania, Maurizio: Jefferson’s Body: a Corporeal Biography. - Charlottesville : University of Virginia Press, 2017. - xi, 266 S. JF - American Political Thought Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1086/698488 SN - 2161-1580 SN - 2161-1599 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 514 EP - 517 PB - Univ. of Chicago Press CY - Chicago ER - TY - GEN A1 - Verissimo, João Marques T1 - Sensitive periods in both L1 and L2 BT - Some conceptual and methodological suggestions T2 - Bilingualism : language and cognition N2 - The keynote article (Mayberry & Kluender, 2017) makes an important contribution to questions concerning the existence and characteristics of sensitive periods in language acquisition. Specifically, by comparing groups of non-native L1 and L2 signers, the authors have been able to ingeniously disentangle the effects of maturation from those of early language exposure. Based on L1 versus L2 contrasts, the paper convincingly argues that L2 learning is a less clear test of sensitive periods. Nevertheless, we believe Mayberry and Kluender underestimate the evidence for maturational factors in L2 learning, especially that coming from recent research. KW - critical period for language KW - sensitive periods KW - language acquisition KW - age of acquisition KW - bilingualism Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728918000275 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 21 IS - 5 SP - 932 EP - 933 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gwozdz, Patricia Aneta ED - Adamzik, Kirsten ED - Kessanlis, Mikaela T1 - Feld und Stil BT - Textsoziologische Anmerkungen zum Stilwechsel im Subfeld erweiterter akademischer Wissensproduktion der Populär/Wissenschaft am Beispiel der Life Sciences JF - Stilwechsel und ihre Funktionen in Textsorten der Fach- und Wissenschaftskommunikation KW - Pierre Bourdieu KW - Feldtheorie KW - Textpragmatik KW - Fachsprachen KW - Wissenschaftslinguistik KW - Stilforschung Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8233-8223-2 SP - 111 EP - 145 PB - Narr Verlag CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - LeGall, Yann T1 - Songea Mbano and the ‘halfway dead’ of the Majimaji War (1905–7) in memory and theatre JF - Human Remains and Violence: an interdisciplinary journal N2 - Debates on the relevance of repatriation of indigenous human remains are water under the bridge today. Yet, a genuine will for dialogue to work through colonial violence is found lacking in the European public sphere. Looking at local remembrance of the Majimaji War (1905-07) in the south of Tanzania and a German-Tanzanian theatre production, this article demonstrates how the spectre of colonial headhunting stands at the heart of claims for repatriation and acknowledgement of this anti-colonial movement. The missing head of Ngoni leader Songea Mbano haunts the future of German-Tanzanian relations in culture and heritage. By staging the act of post-mortem dismemberment and foregrounding the perspective of descendants, the theatre production Maji Maji Flava offers an honest proposal for dealing with stories of sheer colonial violence in transnational memory. KW - colonialism KW - memory KW - tanzania KW - Deutsch Ostafrika KW - Theater KW - Kolonialismus KW - Erinnerungskultur Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7227/HRV.6.2.2 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 4 EP - 22 PB - University Press CY - Manchester ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gwozdz, Patricia Aneta ED - Schikowski, Michael ED - Schneider, Ute T1 - Die Tierflüsterer. Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen und die "poetische Lizenz" des ethologischen Genres seit den 1960er Jahren JF - Animal Print : Das populäre Tiersachbuch (Non-Fiktion. Arsenal der anderen Gattung) KW - Tiersachbuch KW - Nature Writing KW - Konrad Lorenz KW - Niko Tinbergen Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-86525-823-6 SN - 1862-9563 VL - 15 IS - 1/2 SP - 103 EP - 122 PB - Wehrhahn Verlag CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gwozdz, Patricia Aneta ED - Heller, Jakob ED - Schönbeck, Sebastian ED - Martik, Erik T1 - Figura Tropicana BT - Szenographien des Insularen bei Bernardin de Saint-PIerre und Chateaubriand JF - Ding und Bild in der Europäischen Romantik KW - Erich Auerbach KW - Französische Romantik KW - Chateaubriand KW - Bernardin de Saint-Pierre KW - Ikonotextualität KW - Literaturtheorie Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-11-068598-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110686197-007 SP - 135 EP - 156 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - Humboldts Konzept einer sprachlichen Weltansicht und seine Stellung in der Geschichte des sprachlichen Relativismus JF - Aesthetics and Politics in Wilhelm von Humboldt N2 - The idea of a linguistic worldview was clearly expressed in German national romantic thought of the early 19th century, where language was seen as the expression of the spirit of a nation. Wilhelm von Humboldt argued that every language shaped the world-view of its speakers, but he also saw a possibility to improve human knowledge in the co-action of languages. The idea of linguistic relativity can be found in John Locke’s statement that words interpose themselves between our understandings and the truth which it would contemplate and apprehend. In the 18th century, we can find formulations that our language accustoms us to arrange our ideas in a specific way, that some languages are more suitable for certain kinds of thought, or that metaphors have significant influence on peoples’ thought. In the 20thcentury the Neo-Humboldtian school revitalised the idea of an influence of language on thought in a reductionist way. At the end of the 20th century, some authors, for example John J. Gumperz and Stephen C. Levinson, tried to rethink linguistic relativity and to prove it by empirical results. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://odradek.cfs.unipi.it/index.php/odradek/issue/view/10 SN - 2465-1060 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 21 EP - 63 PB - Università di Pisa CY - Pisa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - Le tournant dans l‘enseignement des langues étrangères chez Wilhelm Viëtor dans le contexte linguistique de l’époque JF - Documents pour l'histoire du français langue étrangère ou seconde : revue semestrielle Y1 - 2020 SN - 0992-7654 IS - 64-65 SP - 75 EP - 94 PB - SIHFLES CY - Paris ER - TY - THES A1 - von Rath, Anna T1 - Afropolitan Encounters BT - Literature and Activism in London and Berlin T2 - Imagining Black Europe ; 2 N2 - Afropolitan Encounters: Literature and Activism in London and Berlin explores what Afropolitanism does. Mobile people of African descent use this term to address their own lived realities creatively, which often includes countering stereotypical notions of being African. Afropolitan practices are enormously heterogeneous and malleable, which constitutes its strengths and, at the same time, creates tensions. This book traces the theoretical beginnings of Afropolitanism and moves on to explore Afropolitan practices in London and Berlin. Afropolitanism can take different forms, such as that of an identity, a political and ethical stance, a dead–end road, networks, a collective self–care practice or a strategic label. In spite of the harsh criticism, Afropolitanism is attractive for people to deal with the meanings of Africa and Africanness, questions of belonging, equal rights and opportunities. While not a unitary project, the vast variety of Afropolitan practices provide approaches to contemporary political problems in Europe and beyond. In this book, Afropolitan practices are read against the specific context of German and British colonial histories and structures of racism, the histories of Black Europeans, and contemporary right–wing resurgence in Germany and England, respectively. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-80079-006-3 SN - 978-1-80079-008-7 SN - 978-1-80079-009-4 PB - Lang CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arslan, Seckin A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Comprehension of wh-questions in Turkish-German bilinguals with aphasia BT - a dual-case study JF - Clinical linguistics & phonetics N2 - The aim of our study was to examine the extent to which linguistic approaches to sentence comprehension deficits in aphasia can account for differential impairment patterns in the comprehension of wh-questions in bilingual persons with aphasia (PWA). We investigated the comprehension of subject and object wh-questions in both Turkish, a wh-in-situ language, and German, a wh-fronting language, in two bilingual PWA using a sentence-to-picture matching task. Both PWA showed differential impairment patterns in their two languages. SK, an early bilingual PWA, had particular difficulty comprehending subject which-questions in Turkish but performed normal across all conditions in German. CT, a late bilingual PWA, performed more poorly for object which-questions in German than in all other conditions, whilst in Turkish his accuracy was at chance level across all conditions. We conclude that the observed patterns of selective cross-linguistic impairments cannot solely be attributed either to difficulty with wh-movement or to problems with the integration of discourse-level information. Instead our results suggest that differences between our PWA’s individual bilingualism profiles (e.g. onset of bilingualism, premorbid language dominance) considerably affected the nature and extent of their impairments. KW - Bilingual aphasia KW - wh-questions KW - Turkish-German bilingualism KW - wh-in-situ KW - wh-movement Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2017.1416493 SN - 0269-9206 SN - 1464-5076 VL - 32 IS - 7 SP - 640 EP - 660 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Szendrői, Kriszta A1 - Schumacher, Rebecca A1 - Fritzsche, Tom A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Acquisition of quantifier raising of a universal across an existential BT - Evidence from German JF - Glossa : a journal of general linguistics N2 - Our paper reports an act out task with German 5- and 6-year olds and adults involving doubly-quantified sentences with a universal object and an existential subject. We found that 5- and 6-year olds allow inverse scope in such sentences, while adults do not. Our findings contribute to a growing body of research (e.g. Gualmini et al. 2008; Musolino 2009, etc.) showing that children are more flexible in their scopal considerations than initially proposed by the Isomorphism proposal (Lidz & Musolino 2002; Musolino & Lidz 2006). This result provides support for a theory of German, a “no quantifier raising”-language, in terms of soft violable constraints, or global economy terms (Bobaljik & Wurmbrand 2012), rather than in terms of hard inviolable constraints or rules (Frey 1993). Finally, the results are compatible with Reinhart’s (2004) hypothesis that children do not perform global interface economy considerations due to the increased processing associated with it. KW - quantifier raising KW - language development KW - inverse scope reading KW - German language KW - interface economy Y1 - 2017 SN - 2397-1835 VL - 2 PB - Open Library of Humanities CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Hennemann, Anja T1 - Topic and Focus Markers in Spanish, Portuguese and French T2 - Potsdam linguistic investigations ; 30 N2 - This book is concerned with the diachronic development of selected topic and focus markers in Spanish, Portuguese and French. On the one hand, it focuses on the development of these structures from their relational meaning to their topic-/ focus-marking meaning, and on the other hand, it is concerned with their current form und use. Thus, Romance topic and focus markers – such as sp. en cuanto a, pt. a propósito de, fr. au niveau de or sentence-initial sp. Lo que as well as clefts and pseudo-clefts – are investigated from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. The author argues that topic markers have procedural meaning and that their function is bound to their syntactic position. An important contribution of this study is the fact that real linguistic evidence (in the form of data from various corpora) is analyzed instead of operating with constructed examples. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-631-82392-7 SN - 978-3-631-81889-3 PB - Lang CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kempert, Sebastian Benjamin A1 - Schalk, Lennart A1 - Saalbach, Henrik T1 - Sprache als Werkzeug des Lernens BT - Ein Überblick zu den kommunikativen und kognitiven Funktionen der Sprache und deren Bedeutung für den fachlichen Wissenserwerb JF - Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht : Zeitschrift für Forschung und Praxis N2 - Der enge Zusammenhang von sprachlichen Kompetenzen und fachlichem Lernen ist empirisch gut belegt. Ebenfalls umfassend untersucht und beschrieben sind die vielfältigen Wechselwirkungen zwischen sprachlichen und kognitiven Prozessen, dies gilt insbesondere für das Kindesalter. Bisher liegt jedoch keine integrierende Übersicht über die Zusammenhänge von sprachlichen und kognitiven Funktionen sowie fachlichem Lernen im Schulkontext vor. Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick, wie sich Sprache und kognitive Prozesse in ihrer Entwicklung gegenseitig beeinflussen und welche Konsequenzen sich daraus für das fachliche Lernen in der Schule ableiten lassen. Auf der Basis der dargestellten Befunde wird dann skizziert, welche Prinzipien im fachlichen Unterricht berücksichtigt werden sollten, um sprachliche und fachliche Lerngelegenheiten zu verbinden. Sprache kann sich so zu einem immer besseren Werkzeug des Lernens entwickeln. Sprachliche Kompetenzen in ihrer kommunikativen und kognitiven Funktion sind in diesem Sinne also nicht nur Voraussetzung, sondern auch Ziel fachlichen Lernens. KW - Sprache KW - fachliches Lernen KW - Kognition Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2378/peu2018.art19d SN - 0342-183X VL - 66 IS - 3 SP - 176 EP - 195 PB - Reinhardt CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalczewiak, Mariusz T1 - We Hope to Find a Way Out from Our Unpleasant Situation BT - Polish-Jewish Refugees and the Escape from Nazi Europe to Latin America JF - American Jewish History Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2019.0002 SN - 0164-0178 SN - 1086-3141 VL - 103 IS - 1 SP - 25 EP - 49 PB - Johns Hopkins Univ. Press CY - Baltimore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kosta, Peter T1 - Rezension zu: Murray, Sarah, E.: The Semantics of Evidentials, Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2017. - (Oxford Studies in Semantics and Pragmatics ; 9). - ISBN 978-0-19-968157-0, ISBN 978-0-19-968158-7 JF - Journal of pragmatics : an interdisciplinary journal of language studies Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.12.006 SN - 0378-2166 SN - 1879-1387 VL - 140 SP - 156 EP - 159 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Erdmann, Julius T1 - Kultursemiotik digitaler Bildzeichen der tunesischen Revolution BT - Visuelle Protestkultur zwischen 2010 und 2013 T2 - Communicatio ; 51 Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-11-063845-5 SN - 978-3-11-064443-2 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessen, Anna A1 - Verissimo, João Marques A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Variability and consistency in late bilinguals’ morphology BT - an ERP production study JF - The mental lexicon N2 - Speaking a late-learned second language (L2) is supposed to yield more variable and less consistent output than speaking one’s first language (L1), particularly with respect to reliably adhering to grammatical morphology. The current study investigates both internal processes involved in encoding morphologically complex words – by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during participants’ silent productions – and the corresponding overt output. We specifically examined compounds with plural or singular modifiers in English. Thirty-one advanced L2 speakers of English (L1: German) were compared to a control group of 20 L1 English speakers from an earlier study. We found an enhanced (right-frontal) negativity during (silent) morphological encoding for compounds produced from regular plural forms relative to compounds formed from irregular plurals, replicating the ERP effect obtained for the L1 group. The L2 speakers’ overt productions, however, were significantly less consistent than those of the L1 speakers on the same task. We suggest that L2 speakers employ the same mechanisms for morphological encoding as L1 speakers, but with less reliance on grammatical constraints than L1 speakers. KW - event-related potentials (ERP) KW - plurals in compounds KW - morphological constraints KW - harmonic grammars KW - morphological processing Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.18002.jes SN - 1871-1340 SN - 1871-1375 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 186 EP - 214 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Co. CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koch, Franziska ED - Hahn, Hans-Joachim T1 - Rezension zu: Rudnicki, Adolf: Sommer 1938. Aus dem Polnischen übersetzt, herausgegeben und mit einem Nachwort versehen von Barbara Breysach. - Berlin, Leipzig: Hentrich & Hentrich, 2021. - 190 S. - ISBN 978-3-95565-444-3 JF - Yearbook for European Jewish Literature Studies KW - Rezension, Rudnicki, Breysach Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/yejls-2022-0018 SN - 2196-6257 SN - 2196-6249 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 244 EP - 247 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koch, Franziska T1 - Zwischen Rache, Schuld und Wunschtraum. Die Zerstörung der dörflichen Gemeinschaft in Tadeusz Nowaks "A jak królem, a jak katem będziesz" JF - Close Reading – Distant Reading. Spannungsfelder der slavistischen Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaften N2 - Der Artikel diskutiert den Roman „A jak królem, a jak katem będziesz“ (1968, „Und wenn du König und wenn du Henker bist“) von Tadeusz Nowak unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Frage, wie die – durch die Augenzeugenschaft der Shoah begründeten – Traumata des polnischen Dorfes in Nowaks Text sichtbar werden. Der Roman ist geprägt durch ein ambivalentes, zwischen Wunsch- und Schuldnarrativen pendelndes Erzählen. Der Protagonist verkörpert einen unbequemen Helden, der tief verwurzelt in den volkstümlichen Traditionen seiner bäuerlichen Herkunft ist. Als paternalistischer Beschützer und Rächer seines jüdischen Freundes erlebt er die Zerstörung der dörflichen Idylle. Taumelnd zwischen Rachegedanken und Schuldgefühlen gegenüber seiner Dorfgemeinschaft verfällt Piotr dem Wahnsinn. Ein Weiterleben nach Kriegsende ist für ihn nur durch Amnesie und kathartische Wiederaufnahme in das dörfliche Kollektiv möglich. Die Stärke von Nowaks Roman liegt nicht allein in der Rekonstruktion der polnischen volkstümlichen Kultur. Vielmehr zeigt der Roman den Versuch, die historischen und sozialen Traumata des polnischen Dorfes während der Jahre 1939–1945 – die in der direkten und unmittelbaren Augenzeugenschaft der Shoah begründet liegen – mit dem der ruralen Bevölkerung eigenen Wort-, Legenden- und Erfahrungsschatz wiederzugeben. N2 - The article discusses the novel "A jak królem, a jak katem będziesz" (1968) by Tadeusz Nowak with special attention to the question of how the traumas of the Polish village - grounded in eyewitnessing the Shoah - become visible in Nowak's text. The novel is characterized by an ambivalent narrative oscillating between narratives of desire and guilt. The protagonist embodies an uncomfortable hero, deeply rooted in the folk traditions of his peasant origins. As paternalistic protector and avenger of his Jewish friend, he experiences the destruction of the village idyll. Staggering between thoughts of revenge and feelings of guilt towards his village community, Piotr falls into madness. For him, survival after the end of the war is only possible through amnesia and cathartic reintegration into the village collective. The strength of Nowak's novel does not lie solely in its reconstruction of Polish folk culture. Rather, the novel shows an attempt to render the historical and social traumas of the Polish village during 1939–1945 – rooted in direct and immediate eyewitnessing of the Shoah – with the vocabulary of words, legends, and experiences peculiar to the rural population. KW - Tadeusz Nowak KW - Dorfliteratur KW - Literatur der Volksrepublik Polen KW - Augenzeugenschaft der Shoah Y1 - 2021 UR - https://opendata.uni-halle.de/bitstream/1981185920/37203/1/Reflexionen%20des%20Gesellschaftlichen_Band%209_Close%20Reading%20%E2%80%93%20Distant%20Reading.pdf SN - 978-3-96670-076-4 U6 - https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.25673/36970 SN - 2194-7473 SP - 279 EP - 293 PB - Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg CY - Halle ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hennies, Johannes A1 - Penken, Martina A1 - Rothweiler, Monika A1 - Wimmer, Eva A1 - Hess, Markus T1 - Der FinKon-Test BT - ein neues sprachaudiometrisches Verfahren zur Phonemwahrnehmung bei hörgeschädigten Kindern JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik N2 - Bei vielen schwerhörigen Kindern lassen sich Sprachentwicklungsverzögerungen oder Sprachentwicklungsstörungen im Bereich der Morphologie und Syntax beobachten. Noch ist nicht abschließend geklärt, wie diese Schwierigkeiten durch die Probleme im auditiven Bereich genau verursacht werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Wahrnehmbarkeit koronaler Konsonanten, die im Deutschen u. a. als Verbflexive fungieren. Der neue sprachaudiometrische FinKon-Test erfasst die Fähigkeit, diese Konsonanten im Wortauslaut auditiv wahrzunehmen und zu unterscheiden. In einer Pilotstudie mit 22 schwerhörigen und 15 hörenden Kindern erzielten Kinder mit einer Beeinträchtigung des Hörens schlechtere Ergebnisse als hörende Kinder. Die spezifische Schwierigkeit, Phoneme im Auslaut zu unterscheiden, kann den Erwerb der Verbflexion des Deutschen für schwerhörige Kinder deutlich erschweren. Daher ist es wichtig, die Wahrnehmung von Konsonanten im Auslaut im Rahmen der sprachaudiometrischen Überprüfung des kindlichen Hörvermögens mit einem entsprechenden diagnostischen Instrument, wie dem FinKon-Test, zu überprüfen. KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - Hörstörungen KW - Cochlea-Implantat KW - Hören KW - patholinguistics KW - speech/language therapy KW - hearing loss KW - cochlear implant KW - hearing Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71445 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 7 SP - 41 EP - 69 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Farhy, Yael T1 - Morphological generalization of Hebrew verb classes BT - an elicited production study in native and non-native speakers JF - The mental lexicon N2 - The present work investigated how morphological generalization, namely the way speakers extend their knowledge to novel complex words, is influenced by sources of variability in language and speaker properties. For this purpose, the study focused on a Semitic language (Hebrew), characterized by unique non-concatenative morphology, and native ( L1) as well as non-native (L2) speakers. Two elicited production tasks tested what information sources speakers employ in verbal inflectional class generalization, i.e., in forming complex novel verbs. Phonological similarity was tested in Experiment 1 and argument structure in Experiment 2. The analysis focused on the two most common Hebrew inflectional classes, Paal and Piel, which also constituted the vast majority of responses in the two tasks. Unlike the commonly found outcomes in Romance inflectional class generalization, the results yielded, solely for Piel, a graded phonological similarity effect and a robust argument structure effect, i.e., more Piel responses in a direct object context than without. The L2 pattern partially differed from the L1: (i) argument structure effect for L2 speakers was weaker, and (ii) L2 speakers produced more Paal than Piel responses. The results are discussed within the framework of rule-based and input-based accounts. KW - morphology KW - generalization KW - inflectional classes KW - Hebrew KW - non-native KW - speakers Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.19001.far SN - 1871-1340 SN - 1871-1375 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 223 EP - 257 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Co. CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gamper, Jana T1 - The role of case and animacy in biand monolingual children’s sentence interpretation in German BT - a developmental perspective T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Philosophische Reihe N2 - German-speaking children appear to have a strong N1-bias when interpreting non-canonical OVSsentences. During sentence interpretation, especially unambiguous accusative and dative case markers (den ‘the-ACC’ and dem ‘the-DAT’) weaken the N1-bias and help building up sentence interpretation strategies on the basis of morphological cues. Still, the N1-bias prevails beyond the age of five (Brandt et al. 2016, Cristante 2016, Dittmar et al. 2008) and remains until puberty (Lidzba et al. 2013). This paper investigates whether prototypical case-animacy coalitions (denACC + N INANIMATE and demDAT + N ANIMATE ) strengthen a morphologically based sentence interpretation strategy in German. The experiment discussed in this paper tests for effects of such case-animacy coalitions in mono- and bilingual primary school children. 20 German monolinguals, 12 Dutch-German and 17 Russian-German bilinguals with a mean age of 9;6 were tested in a forced-choice off-line experiment. Results indicate that case-animacy coalitions weaken the N1-bias in OVS-conditions in German monolinguals and Dutch-German bilinguals, while no effects were found for Russian-German bilinguals. Together with an analysis of individual differences, these group-specific effects are discussed in terms of a developmental approach that represents a gradual cue strength adjustment process in mono- and bilingual children. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 163 KW - sentence interpretation KW - L2 German KW - case-animacy Y1 - 1019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434898 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 163 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bouma, Gerlof J. A1 - Hendriks, Petra T1 - Partial word order freezing in Dutch T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Dutch allows for variation as to whether the first position in the sentence is occupied by the subject or by some other constituent, such as the direct object. In particular situations, however, this commonly observed variation in word order is ‘frozen’ and only the subject appears in first position. We hypothesize that this partial freezing of word order in Dutch can be explained from the dependence of the speaker’s choice of word order on the hearer’s interpretation of this word order. A formal model of this interaction between the speaker’s perspective and the hearer’s perspective is presented in terms of bidirectional Optimality Theory. Empirical predictions of this model regarding the interaction between word order and definiteness are confirmed by a quantitative corpus study. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 625 KW - bidirectional optimality theory KW - corpus study KW - definiteness KW - variation KW - word order freezing Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430496 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 625 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marimon Tarter, Mireia A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Langus, Alan T1 - Pupillary entrainment reveals individual differences in cue weighting in 9-month-old German-learning infants JF - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science N2 - Young infants can segment continuous speech with statistical as well as prosodic cues. Understanding how these cues interact can be informative about how infants solve the segmentation problem. Here we investigate how German-speaking adults and 9-month-old German-learning infants weigh statistical and prosodic cues when segmenting continuous speech. We measured participants' pupil size while they were familiarized with a continuous speech stream where prosodic cues were pitted off against transitional probabilities. Adult participants' changes in pupil size synchronized with the occurrence of prosodic words during the familiarization and the temporal alignment of these pupillary changes was predictive of adult participants' performance at test. Further, 9-month-olds as a group failed to consistently segment the familiarization stream with prosodic or statistical cues. However, the variability in temporal alignment of the pupillary changes at word frequency showed that prosodic and statistical cues compete for dominance when segmenting continuous speech. A followup language development questionnaire at 40 months of age suggested that infants who entrained to prosodic words performed better on a vocabulary task and those infants who relied more on statistical cues performed better on grammatical tasks. Together these results suggest that statistics and prosody may serve different roles in speech segmentation in infancy. KW - Language acquisition KW - Transitional probabilities KW - Prosody KW - Cue weighting Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105054 SN - 0010-0277 SN - 1873-7838 VL - 224 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salmen, T. A1 - Ermakova, Tatiana A1 - Schindler, A. A1 - Ko, S-R. A1 - Göktas, O. A1 - Gross, M. A1 - Nawka, T. A1 - Caffier, P. P. T1 - Efficacy of microsurgery in Reinke's oedema evaluated by traditional voice assessment integrated with the Vocal Extent Measure (VEM) JF - Acta Otorhinolaryngol Italica N2 - There are few data analysing to what specific extent phonomicrosurgery improves vocal function in patients suffering from Reinke's oedema (RE). The recently introduced parameter vocal extent measure (VEM) seems to be suitable to objectively quantify vocal performance. The purpose of this clinical prospective study was to investigate the outcomes of phonomicrosurgery in 60 RE patients (6 male, 54 female; 56 ± 8 years ([mean ± SD]) by analysing its effect on subjective and objective vocal parameters with particular regard to VEM. Treatment efficacy was evaluated at three months after surgery by comparing pre- and postoperative videolaryngostroboscopy (VLS), auditory-perceptual assessment (RBH-status), voice range profile (VRP), acoustic-aerodynamic analysis and patient's self-assessment using the voice handicap index (VHI-9i). Phonomicrosurgically, all RE were carefully ablated. VLS revealed removal or substantial reduction of oedema with restored periodic vocal fold vibration. All subjective and most objective acoustic and aerodynamic parameters significantly improved. The VEM increased on average from 64 ± 37 to 88 ± 25 (p #x003C; 0.001) and the dysphonia severity index (DSI) from 0.5 ± 3.4 to 2.9 ± 1.9. Both parameters correlated significantly with each other (rs = 0.70). RBH-status revealed less roughness, breathiness and overall grade of hoarseness (2.0 ± 0.7 vs 1.3 ± 0.7). The VHI-9i-score decreased from 18 ± 8 to 12 ± 9 points. The average total vocal range enlarged by 4 ± 7 semitones, and the mean speaking pitch rose by 2 ± 4 semitones. These results confirm that: (1) the use of VEM in RE patients objectifies and quantifies their vocal capacity as documented in the VRP, and (2) phonomicrosurgery is an effective, objectively and subjectively satisfactory therapy to improve voice in RE patients. KW - Voice function diagnostics KW - Voice range profile quantification KW - Vocal Extent Measure (VEM) KW - Reinke’s oedema KW - Phonomicrosurgery Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-1544 SN - 0392-100X SN - 1827-675X VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - 194 EP - 203 PB - Pacini editore CY - Pisa ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen A1 - Vicente, Luis T1 - Verb doubling in Mandarin Chinese T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This article examines two so-far-understudied verb doubling constructions in Mandarin Chinese, viz., verb doubling clefts and verb doubling lian…dou. We show that these constructions have the same internal syntax as regular clefts and lian…dou sentences, the doubling effect being epiphenomenal; therefore, we classify them as subtypes of the general cleft and lian…dou constructions, respectively, rather than as independent constructions. Additionally, we also show that, as in many other languages with comparable constructions, the two instances of the verb are part of a single movement chain, which has the peculiarity of allowing Spell-Out of more than one link. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 629 KW - Mandarin Chinese KW - verb doubling KW - verb movement KW - cleft KW - lian…dou Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436880 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 629 SP - 1 EP - 37 ER - TY - THES A1 - Frank, Ulrike T1 - Die Behandlung tracheotomierter Patienten mit schwerer Dysphagie : eine explorative Studie zur Evaluation eines interdisziplinären Interventionsansatzes T1 - Treating tracheotomized patients with severe dysphagia : an explorative evaluation of a multidisciplinary treatment protocol N2 - In der neurologischen Rehabilitation werden in zunehmendem Maße tracheotomierte Patienten mit schweren Dysphagien behandelt. Daher sollte den hierzu bisher entwickelten Interventionsverfahren eine evidenzbasierte Grundlage gegeben werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein multidisziplinärer Behandlungsansatz zur Trachealkanülenentwöhung und Dekanülierung vorgestellt, der auf der Grundlage der relevanten Forschungsliteratur und klinischen Beobachtungen entwickelt wurde. Des Weiteren wird erstmals eine systematische Evaluation eines multidisziplinären Trachealkanülenmangements vorgenommen und es werden explorative Daten zum Rehabilitationsverlauf dargestellt. In einem retrospektiven Vergleich wurden hierzu die Dekanülierungs- und Komplikationsraten sowie die Dauer der Trachealkanülenentwöhnung zweier Patientengruppen gegenübergestellt, die vor bzw. nach Einführung des beschriebenen multidisziplinären Trachealkanülenmanagements im REHAB Basel, Schweiz, behandelt wurden. Der rehabilitative Verlauf der multidisziplinär behandelten Gruppe wurde mittels der Messinstrumente FIM (Functional Independence Measure) und EFA (Early Functional Abilities) untersucht. Der Vergleich der Dekanülierungs- und Komplikationsraten ergab eine vergleichbare Effektivität der beiden Behandlungsansätze. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich eine signifikante Verkürzung der Kanülenentwöhnungsphase bei Anwendung des multidisziplinären Vorgehens, so dass dieses als effizenter zu beurteilen ist. Die Verlaufsanalyse der multidisziplinär behandelten Patienten ergab erst nach der Dekanülierung einen signifikanten Zuwachs der funktionellen Selbständigkeit in Alltagsaktivitäten. Bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten konnte ein vollständiger oraler Kostaufbau nach der Dekanülierung erreicht werden. N2 - In neurological rehabilitation there is a growing need for information about treatment of tracheotomized dysphagic individuals and treatment methods have to be evaluated objectively. This dissertation presents a multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of tracheotomized dysphagic patients that was developed based on research findings and clinical experiences. Furthermore it presents a first approach to a systematic evaluation of a multidisciplinary treatment protocol and explorative data about the rehabilitative progress in this patient group. In a retrospective analysis mean cannulation times and the success rate of decannulation from patients were compared before and after introduction of the multidisciplinary procedure in a rehabilitation centre, REHAB Basel, Switzerland. Furthermore, the rehabilitation progress was analyzed by means of the assessment tools ‘Functional Independence Measure (FIM)’ and ‘Early Functional Abilities (EFA)’. Decannulation rates and success of decannulation were comparable in both groups of patients. With regard to mean cannulation times, however, a significant reduction was found in the group who underwent multidisciplinary treatment. This indicates a higher efficiency of the multidisciplinary approach, whereas, with regard to effectiveness, the two approaches seem to be comparable. After decannulation the patients of the multidisciplinary group showed clear functional improvements in performing activities of daily living. Most of these patients were able to return to full oral nutrition after decannulation. The multidisciplinary approach was found to be more efficient than the former intradisciplinary protocol as it led to a safe but faster decannulation of tracheotomized dysphagic patients. The explorative data concerning rehabilitation progress in these patients supports the importance of the development of evidence-based treatment protocols that lead to a fast and safe decannulation. This can be considered the basis for further significant improvement of the functional independence of the tracheotomized dysphagic patient. KW - Dysphagie KW - Tracheotomie KW - Trachealkanülenmanagement KW - Interdisziplinäre Behandlung KW - Dysphagia KW - tracheostomy KW - decannulation KW - multidisciplinary approach Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-20164 SN - 978-3-940793-55-3 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Obituary: Pieter Muysken JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728921000249 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 597 EP - 598 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ernst, Marion Eva T1 - Negative menschliche Eigenschaften im Spiegel der Vogel-Metaphorik JF - Sprache & Sprachen : Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Sprache und Sprachen N2 - In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird es um Metaphern und Phraseologismen gehen, in denen sich negative menschliche Eigenschaften wie z.B. Dummheit, Verrücktheit oder Unsauberkeit im Spiegel der Vogel-Metaphorik niederschlagen. Für die Metaphern wird ausgeführt, wie, vor dem Hintergrund der Metapherntheorie von Lakoff & Johnson (1980), Charakteristika der jeweiligen Vogelart semantisch auf Subfelder mangelnder menschlicher sozialer und kognitiver Kompetenzen bezogen sind. Welcher Bezug besteht zwischen einem Ursprungsbereich (source domain) und einem Zielbereich (target domain) wie in Pleitegeier? Wie motiviert oder motivierbar sind Metaphern und Phraseologismen wie Spinatwachtel oder eine Meise haben? In Bezug auf die Phraseologismen wird erörtert, welche struktursemantischen Klassen vertreten sind und welche semantischen Subfelder im Vergleich zu den Metaphern Verwendung finden. N2 - This paper discusses negative human qualities, such as foolishness, craziness and uncleanliness, associated with metaphors and idioms involving birds. Based on Lakoff & Johnson's (1980) metaphor theory it is shown how specific characteristics of a given bird species are used in metaphors to describe people lacking in social or cognitive competence. Furthermore it will be shown which semantic subfields are predominantly represented. Questions such as the following will be addressed: How are the source domain and the target domain in e.g. Pleitegeier (bankruptcy vulture "being on the brink of disaster") related? How motivated are metaphors such as Spinatwachtel (spinach quail "old frump") or idioms such as eine Meise haben (have a tit "be off one's head")? Which structural-semantic classes occur in idioms will be discussed as well as which semantic subfields are used in idioms as opposed to metaphors. T2 - Negative human qualities mirrored in metaphors and idioms involving birds KW - idioms KW - metaphors KW - negative human qualities KW - Metaphern KW - negative menschliche Eigenschaften KW - Phraseologismen Y1 - 2021 SN - 0934-6813 SN - 2199-6016 IS - Sonderheft SP - 91 EP - 107 PB - GeSuS CY - Gelsenkirchen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassler, Gerda T1 - Ist unsere Sprache infiziert? BT - einige Überlegungen zum Coronavirus und zur deutschen Sprache T2 - Pandemie: Wissenschaft – Politik – Medien. Disputation der Leibniz-Sozietät der Wissenschaften am 14.10.2021 sowie weitere Einzelbeiträge zum Thema „Pandemie“ Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-86464-228-9 VL - 152 SP - 163 EP - 200 PB - trafo CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - La conciencia lingüística y la realidad de la lengua española en el cambio del siglo XVIII al XIX T2 - Mundos del hispanismo – una cartografía para el siglo XXI: AIH Jerusalén 2019 Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-84-9192-282-7 SN - 978-3-96869-300-2 SN - 978-3-96869-299-9 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31819/9783968693002_062 SP - 117 EP - 132 PB - Vervuert CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassler, Gerda T1 - L’expression adverbiale de l’aspectualité et son interaction avec les formes verbales T2 - Synchronie et diachronie : l’enjeu du sens. Mélanges offerts au Pr. Hava Bar-Zeev Shyldkrot Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-2-74535-730-4 SP - 279 EP - 292 PB - Honoré Champion CY - Paris ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassler, Gerda T1 - Meaning and Function BT - the Place of Coseriu’s Linguistic Theory in Functional Linguistics JF - Concordia discors vs. discordia concors : international journal for researches into comparative literature, contrastive linguistics, cross-cultural and translation strategies N2 - The use of the word functional in the most diverse theories and approaches has contributed in no small measure to the confusion in linguistics today. This article does not claim to give an overview of the different directions of functionalism in linguistics. Rather, the aim is to present what Coseriu‘s view characterised as functional in his time and to what extent his theory outlined a path that still makes sense in functional-cognitive linguistics today. This will involve an examination of Coseriu‘s difficult-to-identify concept of function. Furthermore, the article will also show that functional thinking is relevant for current grammatography. KW - function KW - meaning KW - grammatography KW - oppositions KW - functional unit Y1 - 2021 SN - 2065-4057 SN - 2457-8835 IS - 16 SP - 17 EP - 50 PB - Ştefan cel Mare University Press CY - Suceava ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auhagen, Christopher Patrick A1 - Uth, Melanie T1 - Variation of relative complementizers in Yucatecan Spanish BT - A comparison of monolingual and bilingual speakers JF - Languages N2 - The starting point of this article is the occurrence of determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers like (en) que, ‘(in) that’, instead of (en) el que, ‘(in) which’, in Yucatecan Spanish (southeast Mexico). While reference grammars treat complementizers with a determiner as the standard option, previous diachronic research has shown that determiner-less complementizers actually predate relative complementizers with a determiner. Additionally, Yucatecan Spanish has been in long-standing contact with Yucatec Maya. Relative complementation in Yucatec Maya differs from that in Spanish (at least) in that the non-complex complementizer tu’ux (‘where’) is generally the only option for locative complementation. The paper explores monolingual and bilingual data from Yucatecan Spanish to discuss the question whether the determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers in our data constitute a historic remnant or a dialectal recast, possibly (but not necessarily) due to language contact. Although our pilot study may not answer these far-reaching questions, it does reveal two separate, but intertwined developments: (i) a generally increased rate of bare que relative complementation, across both monolingual speakers of Spanish and Spanish Maya bilinguals, compared to other Spanish varieties, and (ii) a preference for donde at the cost of other locative complementizer constructions in the bilingual group. Our analysis thus reveals intriguing differences between the complementizer preferences of monolingual and bilingual speakers, suggesting that different variational patterns caused by different (socio-)linguistic factors can co-develop in parallel in one and the [same] region. KW - relative complementation KW - variability KW - language contact KW - diachrony KW - Yucatecan Spanish Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7040279 SN - 2226-471X VL - 7 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckstein, Lars A1 - Schwarz, Anja T1 - Vision d'une mer faite d'îles: la carte de Tupaia (1769-1770) JF - Bulletin de la Société des Etudes Océaniennes : Polynésie Orientale Y1 - 2019 SN - 0373-8957 SN - 0378-083X VL - 347 IS - Janvier / Avril SP - 6 EP - 23 PB - Soc. CY - Papeete ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puebla, Cecilia A1 - Garcia, Juan T1 - Advocating the inclusion of older adults in digital language learning technology and research BT - some considerations JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728921000742 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 398 EP - 399 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - THES A1 - Engels, Eva T1 - Adverb placement : an optimality theoretic approach T1 - Adverbstellung : ein optimalitätstheoretischer Ansatz N2 - Adverb positioning is guided by syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic considerations and is subject to cross-linguistic as well as language-specific variation. The goal of the thesis is to identify the factors that determine adverb placement in general (Part I) as well as in constructions in which the adverb's sister constituent is deprived of its phonetic material by movement or ellipsis (gap constructions, Part II) and to provide an Optimality Theoretic approach to the contrasts in the effects of these factors on the distribution of adverbs in English, French, and German. In Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993), grammaticality is defined as optimal satisfaction of a hierarchy of violable constraints: for a given input, a set of output candidates are produced out of which that candidate is selected as grammatical output which optimally satisfies the constraint hierarchy. Since grammaticality crucially relies on the hierarchic relations of the constraints, cross-linguistic variation can be traced back to differences in the language-specific constraint rankings. Part I shows how diverse phenomena of adverb placement can be captured by corresponding constraints and their relative rankings: - contrasts in the linearization of adverbs and verbs/auxiliaries in English and French - verb placement in German and the filling of the prefield position - placement of focus-sensitive adverbs - fronting of topical arguments and adverbs Part II extends the analysis to a particular phenomenon of adverb positioning: the avoidance of adverb attachment to a phonetically empty constituent (gap). English and French are similar in that the acceptability of pre-gap adverb placement depends on the type of adverb, its scope, and the syntactic construction (English: wh-movement vs. topicalization / VP Fronting / VP Ellipsis, inverted vs. non-inverted clauses; French: CLLD vs. Cleft, simple vs. periphrastic tense). Yet, the two languages differ in which strategies a specific type of adverb may pursue to escape placement in front of a certain type of gap. In contrast to English and French, placement of an adverb in front of a gap never gives rise to ungrammaticality in German. Rather, word ordering has to obey the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic principles discussed in Part I; whether or not it results in adverb attachment to a phonetically empty constituent seems to be irrelevant: though constraints are active in every language, the emergence of a visible effect of their requirements in a given language depends on their relative ranking. The complex interaction of the diverse factors as well as their divergent effects on adverb placement in the various languages are accounted for by the universal constraints and their language-specific hierarchic relations in the OT framework. N2 - Die Positionierung von Adverbien wird von syntaktischen, semantischen und pragmatischen Erwägungen geleitet; sie unterliegt der zwischen-sprachlichen als auch der einzel-sprachlichen Variation. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, diejenigen Faktoren zu identifizieren, die ausschlaggebend sind für die Platzierung von Adverbien im allgemeinen (Teil I) sowie in speziellen Konstruktionen, in denen die Schwesterkonstituente eines Adverbs aufgrund von Bewegung oder Ellipse kein phonetisches Material enthält (Gap-Konstruktionen, Teil II). Des weiteren sollen die unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen dieser Faktoren in den distributionalen Mustern des Englischen, Französischen und Deutschen in einem optimalitätstheoretischen Rahmen erklärt werden. In der Optimalitätstheorie (Prince & Smolensky 1993) ist Grammatikalität als optimale Erfüllung einer Hierarchie von verletzbaren Constraints definiert: Für einen gegebenen Input wird eine Menge von Outputkandidaten bereitgestellt, aus der derjenige Kandidat als grammatischer Output gewählt wird, der die Constrainthierarchie am besten erfüllt. Da die hierarchischen Relationen der Constraints für die Ermittlung des grammatischen Outputs entscheidend sind, kann zwischen-sprachliche Variation auf Diskrepanzen in den einzel-sprachlichen Constrainthierarchien zurückgeführt werden. Der erste Teil der Arbeit zeigt, wie diverse Phänomene der Adverbstellung mit entsprechenden Constraints und ihren Anordnungen erfasst werden können: - Kontraste in der Linearisierung von Adverbien und Verben/Auxiliaren im Englischen und Französischen - Verbplatzierung im Deutschen und Vorfeldbesetzung - Platzierung von fokus-sensitiven Adverbien - Voranstellung von topikalen Argumenten und Adverbien Der zweite Teil der Arbeit spezialisiert sich auf ein bestimmtes Phänomen der Adverbpositionierung: das Meiden der Adverb-Adjunktion an eine phonetisch leere Konstituente (Gap). Englisch und Französisch ähneln sich insofern, als die Akzeptabilität der Adverbpositionierung vor einem Gap beeinflusst wird vom Typ des Adverbs, seinem Skopus und der syntaktischen Konstruktion (Englisch: wh-Bewegung vs. Topikalisierung / VP Voranstellung / VP Ellipse, invertierte vs. nicht-invertierte Sätze; Französisch: CLLD vs. Cleft, einfache vs. periphrastische Tempusformen). Die beiden Sprachen unterscheiden sich jedoch darin, ob - und falls ja - welche Strategie ein bestimmter Typ von Adverb verfolgen kann, um der Stellung vor einem speziellen Gap zu entkommen. Im Gegensatz zum Englischen und Französischen führt die Stellung eines Adverbs vor einem Gap im Deutschen nie zu Ungrammatikalität. Vielmehr hat die Adverbpositionierung den in Teil I diskutierten syntaktischen, semantischen und pragmatischen Prinzipien zu gehorchen; ob dies in der Adjunktion eines Adverbs an eine phonetisch leere Konstituente resultiert, scheint dabei irrelevant: Obwohl Constraints in jeder Sprache aktiv sind, hängt es von ihrer relativen Anordnung zueinander ab, ob sie einen sichtbaren Effekt in einer gegebenen Sprache hinterlassen. Die komplexe Interaktion der diversen Faktoren sowie deren divergierende Ausprägung auf die Adverbplatzierung in den unterschiedlichen Sprachen können in der Optimalitätstheorie auf die universalen Constraints und deren einzel-sprachliche Anordnung zurückgeführt werden. KW - Adverb KW - Syntax KW - Lesart KW - Variation KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Optimalitätstheorie KW - syntaktische Lücken KW - adverb KW - syntax KW - reading KW - variation KW - information structure KW - optimality theory KW - syntactic gaps Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-2453 ER - TY - THES A1 - Trommer, Jochen T1 - Distributed optimality N2 - In dieser Dissertation schlage ich eine Synthese (Distributed Optimality, DO) von Optimalitätstheorie und einem derivationellen, morphologischem Asatz, Distributed Morphology (DM; Halle & Marantz, 1993) vor. Durch die Integration von OT in DM wird es möglich, Phänomene, die in DM durch sprachspezifische Regeln oder Merkmale von lexikalischen Einträge erfasst werden, auf die Interaktion von verletzbaren, universellen Constraints zurückzuführen. Andererseits leistet auch DM zwei substantielle Beiträge zu DO, Lokalität und Impoverishment. Lokalität erlaubt eine formal einfache Interpretation von DO, während sich Impoverishment als unverzichtbar erweist, um Kongruenz-Morphologie adäquat zu beschreiben. Die empirische Grundlage der Arbeit sind die komplexen Kongruenzsysteme von genetisch unterschiedlichen Sprachen. Der theoretische Schwerpunkt liegt in zwei Bereichen: Erstens, sogenannte Direkt/Invers-Markierung, für die gezeigt wird, dass eine Behandlung durch Constraints über Merkmalsrealisierung am angemessensten ist. Zweitens, die Effekte von Abfolge-Constraints, die den Satus von Affixen als Präfixe und Suffixe sowie ihre relative Reihenfolge regeln. Eine konkrete Typologie für die Abfolge von Kongruenz-Affixen auf der Basis von OT-Constraints wird vorgeschlagen. N2 - In this thesis I propose a synthesis (Distributed Optimality, DO) between Optimality Theory (OT, Prince & Smolensky, 1993) and a morphological framework in a genuine derivational tradition, namely Distributed Morphology (DM) as developed by Halle & Marantz (1993). By carrying over the apparatus of OT to DM, phenomena which are captured in DM by language-specific rules or features of lexical entries, are given a more principled account in the terms of ranked universal constraints. On the other hand, also the DM part makes two contributions, namely strong locality and impoverishment. The first gives rise to a simple formal interpretation of DO, while the latter is shown to be indispensable in any theoretically satisfying account of agreement morphology. The empirical basis of the work is given by the complex agreement morphology of genetically different languages. Theoretical focus is mainly on two areas: First, so-called direction marking which is shown to be preferably treated in terms of constraints on feature realization. Second, the effects of precedence constraints which are claimed to regulate the status of agreement affixes as prefixes or suffixes and their respective order. A universal typology for the order of agreement categories by means of OT-constraints is proposed. KW - Morphologie KW - Optimalitätstheorie KW - Flexion KW - Optimalitätstheorie KW - Affixabfolge KW - morphology KW - Optimality Theory KW - inflection KW - Distributed Morphology KW - affix order Y1 - 2001 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001377 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Féry, Caroline ED - Fanselow, Gisbert ED - Krifka, Manfred T1 - The notions of information structure N2 - Contents: Introduction (The Editors) Basic Notions of Information Structure (Manfred Krifka) Notions of Focus Anaphoricity (Mats Rooth) Topic and Focus: Two Structural Positions Associated with Logical Functions in the Left Periphery of the Hungarian Sentence (Katalin É. Kiss) Direct and Indirect Aboutness Topics (Cornelia Endriss & Stefan Hinterwimmer) Information Structure as Information-based Partition (Satoshi Tomioka) Focus Presuppositions (Dorit Abush) Contrastive Focus, Givenness and the Unmarked Status of “Discourse-new”(Elisabeth O. Selkirk) Contrastive Focus (Malte Zimmermann) The Fallacy of Invariant Phonological Correlates of Information Structural Notions (Caroline Féry) Notions and Subnotions of Information Structure (Carlos Gussenhoven) The Restricted Access of Information Structure to Syntax – A Minority Report (Gisbert Fanselow) Focus and Tone (Katharina Hartmann) T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 6 Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15472 SN - 978-3-939469-88-9 SN - 1614-4708 SN - 1866-4725 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros A1 - Fiedler, Ines A1 - Hellmuth, Sam A1 - Schwarz, Anne A1 - Stoel, Ruben A1 - Fanselow, Gisbert A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Krifka, Manfred T1 - Questionnaire on information structure (OUIS): reference manual N2 - Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Information Structure 2 Grammatical Correlates of Information Structure 3 Structure of the Questionnaire 4 Experimental Tasks 5 Technicalities 6 Archiving 7 Acknowledgments Chapter 2. General Questions 1 General Information 2 Phonology 3 Morphology and Syntax Chapter 3. Experimental tasks 1 Changes (Given/New in Intransitives and Transitives) 2 Giving (Given/New in Ditransitives) 3 Visibility (Given/New, Animacy and Type/Token Reference) 4 Locations (Given/New in Locative Expressions) 5 Sequences (Given/New/Contrast in Transitives) 6 Dynamic Localization (Given/New in Dynamic Loc. Descriptions) 7 Birthday Party (Weight and Discourse Status) 8 Static Localization (Macro-Planning and Given/New in Locatives) 9 Guiding (Presentational Utterances) 10 Event Cards (All New) 11 Anima (Focus types and Animacy) 12 Contrast (Contrast in pairing events) 13 Animal Game (Broad/Narrow Focus in NP) 14 Properties (Focus on Property and Possessor) 15 Eventives (Thetic and Categorical Utterances) 16 Tell a Story (Contrast in Text) 17 Focus Cards (Selective, Restrictive, Additive, Rejective Focus) 18 Who does What (Answers to Multiple Constituent Questions) 19 Fairy Tale (Topic and Focus in Coherent Discourse) 20 Map Task (Contrastive and Selective Focus in Spontaneous Dialogue) 21 Drama (Contrastive Focus in Argumentation) 22 Events in Places (Spatial, Temporal and Complex Topics) 23 Path Descriptions (Topic Change in Narrative) 24 Groups (Partial Topic) 25 Connections (Bridging Topic) 26 Indirect (Implicational Topic) 27 Surprises (Subject-Topic Interrelation) 28 Doing (Action Given, Action Topic) 29 Influences (Question Priming) Chapter 4. Translation tasks 1 Basic Intonational Properties 2 Focus Translation 3 Topic Translation 4 Quantifiers Chapter 5. Information structure summary survey 1 Preliminaries 2 Syntax 3 Morphology 4 Prosody 5 Summary: Information structure Chapter 6. Performance of Experimental Tasks in the Field 1 Field sessions 2 Field Session Metadata 3 Informants’ Agreement T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 4 Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12413 SN - 978-3-939469-14-8 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Selting, Margret T1 - "Nebeneinander-her-reden" : Struktur und Entwicklung eines Verständigungsproblems N2 - Inhalt: 1. Einleitung 2. Analyse- und Beschreibungskategorien 3. Das zu analysierende Gespräch: "Beglaubigungen hinten drauf?" 4. Unterschiedliche Kategorisierung des Problems: Erwartungsproblem versus Sachverhaltsproblem 5. Fazit T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 65 Y1 - 1986 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-43169 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bögel, Tina A1 - Butt, Miriam A1 - Hautli, Annette A1 - Sulger, Sebastian T1 - Developing a finite-state morphological analyzer for Urdu and Hindi N2 - We introduce and discuss a number of issues that arise in the process of building a finite-state morphological analyzer for Urdu, in particular issues with potential ambiguity and non-concatenative morphology. Our approach allows for an underlyingly similar treatment of both Urdu and Hindi via a cascade of finite-state transducers that transliterates the very different scripts into a common ASCII transcription system. As this transliteration system is based on the XFST tools that the Urdu/Hindi common morphological analyzer is also implemented in, no compatibility problems arise. Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27155 ER -