TY - GEN A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - The grammatical expression of focus in West Chadic BT - Variation and uniformity in and across languages N2 - The article provides an overview of the grammatical realization of focus in four West Chadic languages (Chadic, Afro-Asiatic). The languages discussed exhibit an intriguing crosslinguistic variation in the realization of focus, both among themselves as well as compared to European intonation languages. They also display language-internal variation in the formal realization of focus. The West Chadic languages differ widely in their ways of expressing focus, which range from syntactic over prosodic to morphological devices. In contrast to European intonation languages, the focus marking systems of the West Chadic languages are inconsistent in that focus is often not grammatically expressed, but these inconsistencies are shown to be systematic. Subject foci (contrastive or not) and contrastive nonsubject foci are always grammatically marked, whereas information focus on nonsubjects need not be marked as such. The absence of formal focus marking supports pragmatic theories of focus in terms of contextual resolution. The special status of focused subjects and contrastive foci is derived from the Contrastive Focus Hypothesis, which requires unexpected foci and unexpected focus contents to be marked as such, together with the assumption that canonical subjects in West Chadic receive a default interpretation as topics. Finally, I discuss certain focus ambiguities which are not attested in intonation languages, nor do they follow on standard accounts of focus marking, but which can be accounted for in terms of constraint interaction in the formal expression of focus. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 298 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93617 SP - 1163 EP - 1213 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zinsmeister, Heike A1 - Smolka, Eva T1 - Corpus-based evidence for approximating semantic transparency of complex verbs JF - Potsdam cognitive science series Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62353 SN - 2190-4545 SN - 2190-4553 IS - 3 SP - 45 EP - 59 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK ED - Hennemann, Anja ED - Meisnitzer, Benjamin T1 - Linguistic hybridity BT - contact-induced and cognitively motivated grammaticalization and lexicalization processes in Romance languages T3 - Studia Romanica N2 - This volume deals with different linguistic phenomena representing grammaticalization and lexicalization processes and combines different approaches of contact linguistics and variational linguistics. It contains papers on clitic placement in Angolan Portuguese, on the use of subject pronouns in French, Brazilian Portuguese and Caribbean Spanish, on evidential marking in Paraguayan Spanish, on Paraguayan Guaraní, on evidentiality in different varieties of Spanish, on discourse markers in Latin America, on modal particles in Italian and their translation into German, on bilingual communities in Southern Brazil, on Spanish-German-Russian language contact and on Romance aspectual periphrases in contact with English progressives. KW - Romanische Sprachen KW - Grammatikalisation KW - Lexikalisierung KW - Sprachkontakt KW - Variationslinguistik Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-8253-4936-3 SN - 978-3-8253-8562-0 IS - 232 PB - Universitätsverlag Winter CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JFULL ED - Haßler, Gerda ED - Wardlitz, Vladislava T1 - Linguistica philologica BT - lingua - usus - variatio Y1 - 2021 SN - 2750-2961 SN - 2750-297X IS - 1 (2021) - PB - Lang CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR ED - Behrendt, Aileen Jorena ED - Courtman, Nicholas T1 - Writing the economic subject in modern western Europe BT - representation, contestation, critique JF - Literature, Culture, Economy JF - Literatur, Kultur, Ökonomie N2 - This book explores how capitalism shapes the formation of the economic subject in modern European writing. How are subject positions determined by the subject’s relationship to money and work? How fair is a society that predicates social inclusion upon employment? And what happens when full employment is impossible? The volume traces how literary authors and social theorists have answered these questions in different social and historical contexts from the nineteenth century to the present day. The contributions confront the imperatives of productivity, notions of success and failure, the construction of work cultures and environments, the (in)visibility of certain labour groups, and the implications of the body as a productive site. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-631-83999-7 SN - 978-3-631-85753-3 SN - 978-3-631-85755-7 SN - 978-3-631-85754-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3726/b18541 SN - 2364-1304 IS - 9 PB - Lang CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK ED - Ishihara, Shinichiro ED - Schmitz, Michaela ED - Schwarz, Anne T1 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632. - Vol. 1 N2 - Contents: A1: Phonology and syntax of focussing and topicalisation: Gisbert Fanselow: Cyclic Phonology–Syntax-Interaction: Movement to First Position in German Caroline Féry and Laura Herbst: German Sentence Accent Revisited Shinichiro Ishihara: Prosody by Phase: Evidence from Focus Intonation–Wh-scope Correspondence in Japanese A2: Quantification and information structure: Cornelia Endriss and Stefan Hinterwimmer: The Influence of Tense in Adverbial Quantification A3: Rhetorical Structure in Spoken Language: Modeling of Global Prosodic Parameters: Ekaterina Jasinskaja, Jörg Mayer and David Schlangen: Discourse Structure and Information Structure: Interfaces and Prosodic Realization B2: Focussing in African Tchadic languages: Katharina Hartmann and Malte Zimmermann: Focus Strategies in Chadic: The Case of Tangale Revisited D1: Linguistic database for information structure: Annotation and retrieval: Stefanie Dipper, Michael Götze, Manfred Stede and Tillmann Wegst: ANNIS: A Linguistic Database for Exploring Information Structure T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 1 Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8237 SN - 1866-4725 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Dipper, Stefanie ED - Götze, Michael ED - Stede, Manfred T1 - Heterogeneity in focus : creating and using linguistic databases N2 - The papers in this volume were presented at the workshop Heterogeneity in Linguistic Databases', which took place on July 9, 2004 at the University of Potsdam. The workshop was organized by project D1: Linguistic Database for Information Structure: Annotation and Retrieval', a member project of the SFB 632, a collaborative research center entitled Information Structure: the Linguistic Means for Structuring Utterances, Sentences and Texts'. The workshop brought together both developers and users of linguistic databases from a number of research projects which work on an empirical basis, all of which have to cope with different sorts of heterogeneity: primary linguistic data and annotated information may be heterogeneous, as well as the data structures representing them. The first four papers (by Wagner, Schmidt, Lüdeling, and Witt) address aspects of heterogeneous data from the point of view of database developers; the remaining three papers (by Meyer, Smith, and Teich/Fankhauser) focus on data exploitation by the users. T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 2 Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8244 SN - 978-3-937786-48-3 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK ED - Dipper, Stefanie ED - Götze, Michael ED - Stede, Manfred T1 - Approaches and findings in oral, written and gestural language N2 - Der vorliegende dritte Band der Serie "Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure" enthält sieben Beiträge aus verschiedenen Projekten des Sonderforschungsbereiches "Informationsstruktur: Die sprachlichen Mittel der Gliederung von Äußerung, Satz und Text" (SFB 632). Der Titel "Approaches and Findings in Oral, Written and Gestural Language" reflektiert die Bandbreite der Untersuchungen zum Thema Informationsstruktur. In ihrem Artikel hinterfragt Elke Kasimir die Zuverlässigkeit des sog. Frage-Antwort-Tests zur Bestimmung des fokussierten Elementes in Sätzen. Ihr alternativer Lösungsvorschlag wird in dem Kommentar von Thomas Weskott kritisch diskutiert. Der Artikel von Paul Elbourne befasst sich mit Phänomenen der Ellipse und bietet eine neue semantische Analyse an. Spezielle morphologisch stark markierte Fokuskonstruktionen aus fünf verschiedenen afrikanischen Sprachen der Gur- und Kwa-Sprachgruppe werden von Ines Fiedler und Anne Schwarz analysiert und diachronisch interpretiert. Ebenfalls sprachhistorisch ausgerichtet ist der Artikel von Roland Hinterhölzl, Svetlana Petrova und Michael Solf, die Belege für die Interaktion von Wortstellung und Informationsstruktur bereits in der althochdeutschen Tatian-Übersetzung fanden. Anke Sennema, Ruben van de Vijver, Susanne E. Carroll und Anne Zimmer-Stahl diskutieren anhand einer Serie von Experimenten die Nutzung von Prosodie, Wortlänge und –Stellung für die semantischen Interpretation in der Erst- und Zweitsprache. Die besondere Rolle von Gestik in Verbindung mit Intonation für die Strukturierung des sprachlichen Diskurses wird von Stefanie Jannedy und Norma Mendoza-Denton hervorgehoben. T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 3 Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8255 SN - 1866-4725 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK ED - Ishihara, Shinichiro ED - Jannedy, Stefanie ED - Schwarz, Anne T1 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; Working papers of the SFB 632. - Vol. 8 N2 - The 8th volume of the working paper series Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure (ISIS) of the SFB 632 contains a collection of eight papers contributed by guest authors and SFB-members. The first paper on “Biased Questions” is an invited contribution by Nicholas Asher (CNRS, Laboratoire IRIT) & Brian Reese (University of Texas at Austin). Surveying English tag questions, negative polar questions, and what they term “focus” questions, they investigate the effects of prosody on discourse function and discourse structure and analyze the interaction between prosody and discourse in SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Stefan Hinterwimmer (A2) explores the interpretation of singular definites and universally quantified DPs in adverbially quantified English sentences. He suggests that the availability of a co-varying interpretation is more constrained in the case of universally quantified DPs than in the case of singular definites, because different from universally quantified DPs, co-varying definites are inherently focus-marked. The existence of striking similarities between topic/comment structure and bimanual coordination is pointed out and investigated by Manfred Krifka (A2). Showing how principles of bimanual coordination influence the expression of topic/comment structure beyond spoken language, he suggests that bimanual coordination might have been a preadaptation of the development of Information Structure in human communication. Among the different ways of expressing focus in Foodo, an underdescribed African Guang language of the Kwa family, the marked focus constructions are the central topic of the paper by Ines Fiedler (B1 & D2). Exploring the morphosyntactic facilities that Foodo has for focalization, she suggests that the two focus markers N and n have developed out of a homophone conjunction. Focus marking in another scarcely documented African tone language, the Gur language Konkomba, is treated by Anne Schwarz (B1 & D2). Comparing the two alleged focus markers lé and lá of the language, she argues that lé is better interpreted as a syntactic device rather than as a focus marker and shows that this analysis is corroborated by parallels in related languages. The reflexes of Information Structure in four different European languages (French, German, Greek and Hungarian) are compared and validated by Sam Hellmuth & Stavros Skopeteas (D2). The production data was collected with selected materials of the Questionnaire on Information Structure (QUIS) developed at the SFB. The results not only allow for an evaluation of the current elicitation paradigms, but also help to identify potentially fruitful venues of future research. Frank Kügler, Stavros Skopeteas (D2) & Elisabeth Verhoeven (University of Bremen) give an account of the encoding of Information Structure in Yucatec Maya, a Mayan tone language spoken on the Yucatecan peninsula in Mexico. The results of a production experiment lead them to the conclusion that focus is mainly expressed by syntax in this language. Stefanie Jannedy (D3) undertakes an instrumental investigation on the expressions and interpretation of focus in Vietnamese, a language of the Mon-Khmer family contrasting six lexical tones. The data strongly suggests that focus in Vietnamese is exclusively marked by prosody (intonational emphasis expressed via duration, f0 and amplitude) and that different focus conditions can reliably be recovered. This volume offers insights into current work conducted at the SFB 632, comprising empirical and theoretical aspects of Information Structure in a multitude of languages. Several of the papers mine field work data collected during the first phase of the SFB and explore the expression of Information Structure in tone and non-tone languages from various regions of the world. T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 8 Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14359 SN - 978-3-939469-72-8 SN - 1866-4725 SN - 1614-4708 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK ED - Krause, Wolf-Dieter T1 - Das Fremde und der Text : fremdsprachige Kommunikation und ihre Ergebnisse N2 - Dass die Textlinguistik nicht umhin kommt, ihre Beschreibungen und ihr Instrumentarium auch im Hinblick auf Texte zu überprüfen, die nicht von Muttersprachlern erzeugt worden sind, ist durch die wachsenden Bedürfnisse nach fremdsprachiger Kommunikation und die rapide steigende Zahl entsprechender kommunikativer Ereignisse bedingt. Der Fokus der vorliegenden Publikation liegt auf dem fremdsprachigen Text (vorzugsweise in seiner schriftlichen, monologischen Ausprägung) als sprachlicher Größe liegen. Bei der Analyse fremdsprachiger Texte werden neben textlinguistischen Fragen aber auch andere Gesichtspunkte berücksichtigt: soziolinguistische Aspekte, z.B. in Bezug auf die Kommunikationspartner, die kommunikativen Domänen, den sozial-historischen Rahmen der Kommunikation usw., psycholinguistische Hintergründe, z.B. im Hinblick auf die kognitive Verarbeitung fremdsprachlich-kommunikativer Anforderungen, literaturwissenschaftliche Bezüge, etwa hinsichtlich fremdsprachiger Einflüsse auf literarische Werke und ihre Rolle im literarischen Diskurs, translationswissenschaftliche Gesichtspunkte im Hinblick auf die Adaptation und Bewahrung des Fremden im übersetzten Text sowie pädagogisch-didaktische Fragen im Rahmen des gesteuerten Fremdsprachenerwerbs. N2 - Owing to the growing necessity for foreign language interaction and the rapidly increasing number of associated communicative events, it is essential for text linguistics also to test its categories and methodology on texts which have not been produced by native speakers. The focus of the present publication lies on the foreign language text (primarily on its written, monological form) which is conceived as a linguistic entity. However, alongside textlinguistic issues the analysis of foreign language texts also entails a consideration of the following parameters: sociolinguistic aspects, e.g. with regard to the communicative partners, communicative domains, social-historic framework of the communicative situation etc.; psycholinguistic aspects, e.g. with respect to the cognitive processing of foreign language communication tasks; literary aspects, e.g. with regard to foreign language influences on literary works and their role in literary discourse; translatory aspects concerning the adaptation and preservation of foreign cultural elements in a translated text and pedagogical-didactic questions concerning foreign language teaching. KW - Textlinguistik KW - Textualitätskriterien KW - Textstruktur KW - Textsorte KW - Intertextualität KW - Kommunikationsaufgabe KW - fremdsprachige Kommunikation KW - Text linguistics KW - Textuality criteria KW - Text structure KW - Text type KW - Intertextuality KW - Communicative task KW - Foreign language communication Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40447 SN - 978-3-86956-033-5 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER -