TY - JOUR
A1 - Leib, Julia
T1 - The security and justice approach in liberia’s peace process
BT - mechanistic evidence and local perception
JF - Peace economics, peace science, and public policy
N2 - From the international perspective, the peace process in Liberia has generally been described as a successful model for international peacebuilding interventions. But how do Liberians perceive the peace process in their country? The aim of this paper is to complement an institutionalist approach looking at the security and justice mechanism in Liberia with some insights into local perceptions in order to answer the following question: how do Liberians perceive the peace process in their country and which institutions have been supportive for the establishment of sustaining peace? After briefly introducing the background of the Liberian conflict and the data collection, I present first results, analyzing the mechanism linking two peacebuilding institutions (peacekeeping and transitional justice) with the establishment of sustaining peace in Liberia.
KW - Liberia
KW - peace process
KW - peacekeeping
KW - process tracing
KW - survey
KW - transitional justice
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2019-0033
SN - 1554-8597
VL - 25
IS - 4
PB - de Gruyter
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin
T1 - The role of evidence-based misogyny in antifeminist online communities of the ‘manosphere’
JF - Big data & society
N2 - In recent years, there have been a growing number of online and offline attacks linked to a loosely connected network of misogynist and antifeminist online communities called ‘the manosphere’. Since 2016, the ideas spread among and by groups of the manosphere have also become more closely aligned with those of other Far-Right online networks. In this commentary, I explore the role of what I term ‘evidence-based misogyny’ for mobilization and radicalization into the antifeminist and misogynist subcultures of the manosphere. Evidence-based misogyny is a discursive strategy, whereby members of the manosphere refer to (and misinterpret) knowledge in the form of statistics, studies, news items and pop-culture and mimic accepted methods of knowledge presentation to support their essentializing, polarizing views about gender relations in society. Evidence-based misogyny is a core aspect for manosphere-related mobilization as it provides a false sense of authority and forges a collective identity, which is framed as a supposed ‘alternative’ to mainstream gender knowledge. Due to its core function to justify and confirm the misogynist sentiments of users, evidence-based misogyny serves as connector between the manosphere and both mainstream conservative as well as other Far-Right and conspiratorial discourses.
KW - misogyny
KW - male supremacy
KW - far right
KW - discourse
KW - incels
KW - radicalization
KW - antifeminist
KW - men's rights
KW - manosphere
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517221145671
SN - 2053-9517
VL - 10
IS - 1
PB - Sage
CY - Thousand Oaks, Calif.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Elsässer, Joshua Philipp
A1 - Hickmann, Thomas
A1 - Stehle, Fee
T1 - The Role of Cities in South Africa’s Energy Gridlock
JF - Case Studies in the Environment
N2 - South Africa’s energy sector finds itself in a gridlock situation. The sector is controlled by the state-owned utility Eskom holding the monopoly on the generation and transmission of electricity, which is almost exclusively produced from domestically extracted coal. At the same time, the constitutional mandate enables municipalities to distribute and sell electricity generated by Eskom to local consumers, which constitutes a large part of the cities’ municipal income. This is a strong disincentive for city governments to promote reductions in energy consumption and substantially limits the scope for urban action on energy efficiency and renewable energies. In the present case study, we portray the current development in South Africa’s energy policy and trace how deadlocked legal, financial, and institutional barriers block the transition from a coal-based energy system toward a greener and more sustainable energy economy. We furthermore point to the efforts of major South African cities to introduce low-carbon strategies in their jurisdictions and highlight key challenges for the future development of the country’s energy sector. By engaging with this case study, readers will become familiar with a prime example of the wider phenomenon of national political–economic obstacles to the progress in sustainable urban development.
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2018.001297
SN - 2473-9510
VL - 2
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - University of California Press
CY - Oakland
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fuhr, Harald
A1 - Hickmann, Thomas
A1 - Kern, Kristine
T1 - The role of cities in multi-level climate governance
BT - local climate policies and the 1.5 degrees C target
JF - Current opinion in environmental sustainability
N2 - The past two decades have witnessed widespread scholarly interest in the role of cities in climate policy-making. This research has considerably improved our understanding of the local level in the global response to climate change. The present article synthesizes the literature on local climate policies with respect to the 1.5 degrees C target. While most studies have focused on pioneering cities and networks, we contend that the broader impacts of local climate actions and their relationship to regional, national, and international policy frameworks have not been studied in enough detail. Against this backdrop, we introduce the concept of upscaling and contend that local climate initiatives must go hand in hand with higher-level policies and be better integrated into the multi-level governance system.
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2017.10.006
SN - 1877-3435
SN - 1877-3443
VL - 30
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Elsevier
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fuhr, Harald
T1 - The rise of the Global South and the rise in carbon emissions
JF - Third world quarterly
N2 - Jointly with the Global North, the rise of the Global South has come at a high cost to the environment. Driven by its high energy intensity and the use of fossil fuels, the South has contributed a significant portion of global emissions during the last 30 years, and is now contributing some 63% of today's total GHG emissions (including land-use change and forestry). Similar to the Global North, the Global South's emissions are heavily concentrated: India and China alone account for some 60% and the top 10 countries for some 78% of the group's emissions, while some 120 countries account for only 22%. Without highlighting such differences, it makes little sense to use the term 'Global South'. Its members are affected differently, and contribute differently to global climate change. They neither share a common view, nor do they pursue joint interests when it comes to international climate negotiations. Instead, they are organised into more than a dozen subgroups of the global climate regime. There is no single climate strategy for the Global South, and climate action will differ enormously from country to country. Furthermore, just and equitable transitions may be particularly challenging for some countries.
KW - Climate change
KW - international development
KW - energy
KW - environmental policy
KW - Global South
KW - transition policy
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1954901
SN - 0143-6597
SN - 1360-2241
VL - 42
IS - 11
SP - 2724
EP - 2746
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Wegmann, Simone
T1 - The power of opposition
BT - how legislative organization influences democratic consolidation
N2 - Proposing a novel way to look at the consolidation of democratic regimes, this book presents important theoretical and empirical contributions to the study of democratic consolidation, legislative organization, and public opinion.
Theoretically, Simone Wegmann brings legislatures into focus as the main body representing both winners and losers of democratic elections. Empirically, Wegmann shows that the degree of policy-making power of opposition players varies considerably between countries. Using survey data from the CSES, the ESS, and the LAPOP and systematically analyzing more than 50 legislatures across the world and the specific rights they grant to opposition players during the policy-making process, Wegmann demonstrates that neglecting the curial role of the legislature in a democratic setting can only lead to an incomplete assessment of the importance of institutions for democratic consolidation.
The Power of Opposition will be of great interest to scholars of comparative politics, especially those working on questions related to legislative organization, democratic consolidation, and/or public opinion.
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-0-367-43731-2
SN - 978-1-032-28245-9
SN - 978-1-003-00536-0
SN - 978-1-000-59828-5
SN - 978-1-000-59832-2
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003005360
PB - Routledge
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Liese, Andrea Margit
T1 - The power of human rights decade after: from euphoria to contestation?
Y1 - 2013
SN - 978-1-10-760936-5
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Liese, Andrea
T1 - The Power of Global Performance Indicators. Edited by Judith G. Kelley and Beth A. Simmons. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 450p. $120.00 cloth.
JF - Perspectives on politics / American Political Science Association
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-1-108-48720-7
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592721003716
SN - 1537-5927
SN - 1541-0986
VL - 20
IS - 1
SP - 380
EP - 382
PB - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Koss, Michael
T1 - The politics of party funding
BT - state funding to political parties and party competition in Western Europe
T3 - Comparative politics
N2 - 'The Politics of Party Funding' analyses an increasingly popular institutional choice - the introduction of state funding to political parties - and represents a first step towards a theory which explains differences and similarities in party funding regimes.
Y1 - 2011
SN - 978-0-19-957275-5
SN - 978-0-19-159510-3
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fleischer, Julia
A1 - Bezes, Philippe
A1 - James, Oliver
A1 - Yesilkagit, Kutsal
T1 - The politics of government reorganization in Western Europe
JF - Governance : an international journal of policy and administration and institutions
N2 - The reorganization of governments is crucial for parties to express their policy preferences once they reach office. Yet these activities are not confined to the direct aftermath of general elections or to wide-ranging structural reforms. Instead, governments reorganize and adjust their machinery of government all the time. This paper aims to assess these structural choices with a particular focus at the core of the state, comparing four Western European democracies (Germany, France, the Netherlands, and United Kingdom) from 1980 to 2013. Our empirical analysis shows that stronger shifts in cabinets' ideological profiles in the short- and long-term as well as the units' proximity to political executives yield significant effects. In contrast, Conservative governments, commonly regarded as key promoters of reorganizing governments, are not significant for the likelihood of structural change. We discuss the effects of this politics of government reorganization for different research debates assessing the inner workings of governments.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12670
SN - 0952-1895
SN - 1468-0491
VL - 36
IS - 1
SP - 255
EP - 274
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin
T1 - The politics of fear
BT - right wing anti-gender and anti-vaccination narratives
T2 - WIIS Blog
Y1 - 2022
UR - https://wiisglobal.org/the-politics-of-fear-right-wing-anti-gender-and-anti-vaccination-narratives-2/#_edn1
CY - Women in International Security
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Bogumil, Jörg
A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED - Ladner, Andreas
ED - Sager, Fritz
T1 - The politics of administrative reforms
T2 - Handbook on the politics of public administration
N2 - Administrative reforms refer to conscious decisions about institution building and institutional change that are taken at the end of political processes and can be conceived as the attempt by politico-administrative actors to change the institutional order (polity) within which they make and implement decisions. In this paper we proceed from the assumption that the role of politics, the constellation of political actors and arenas vary according to the scope and objectives of administrative reforms. Depending on whether they refer to changes between organizational units/levels/sectors ('external institutional policy') or to an internal reorganization ('internal institutional policy'), different actor strategies, patterns of conflict and power constellations can be expected. As external administrative reforms are aimed at changing functional and/or territorial jurisdictions and thus always involve external actors, larger resistance, heavier political conflicts and generally more politicization are likely to occur than in the case of internal administrative reforms. Yet, for internal reforms, too, actor coalitions which support or block institutional changes, promotors, leaders, and moderators have revealed to shape processes and outcomes. Against this background, this chapter examines the influence of politics on various types of administrative reforms making a distinction between external and internal institutional policies. We analyse the role of politico-administrative actors, their strategies and influence on the formulation, trajectories and outcomes of administrative reforms. Our major focus will be on reforms in the multi-level system on the one hand and on (Post-) NPM reforms on the other as two major international trends. Drawing on reform experiences in different European countries, the chapter will reveal to what extent actors' interests and influences have triggered and shaped administrative reforms and which difference these have made for the reform outcome.
KW - administrative reforms
KW - institutional policy
KW - actor constellations
KW - micro-politics
KW - managerial reforms
KW - territorial reforms
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-1-83910-943-0
SN - 978-1-83910-944-7
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109447.00018
SP - 125
EP - 137
PB - Edward Elgar Publishing
CY - Cheltenham, UK
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rockström, Johan
A1 - Kotzé, Louis
A1 - Milutinović, Svetlana
A1 - Biermann, Frank
A1 - Brovkin, Victor
A1 - Donges, Jonathan
A1 - Ebbesson, Jonas
A1 - French, Duncan
A1 - Gupta, Joyeeta
A1 - Kim, Rakhyun
A1 - Lenton, Timothy
A1 - Lenzi, Dominic
A1 - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa
A1 - Neumann, Barbara
A1 - Schuppert, Fabian
A1 - Winkelmann, Ricarda
A1 - Bosselmann, Klaus
A1 - Folke, Carl
A1 - Lucht, Wolfgang
A1 - Schlosberg, David
A1 - Richardson, Katherine
A1 - Steffen, Will
T1 - The planetary commons
BT - a new paradigm for safeguarding earth-regulating systems in the Anthropocene
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
N2 - The Anthropocene signifies the start of a no- analogue trajectory of the Earth system that is fundamentally different from the Holocene. This new trajectory is characterized by rising risks of triggering irreversible and unmanageable shifts in Earth system functioning. We urgently need a new global approach to safeguard critical Earth system regulating functions more effectively and comprehensively. The global commons framework is the closest example of an existing approach with the aim of governing biophysical systems on Earth upon which the world collectively depends. Derived during stable Holocene conditions, the global commons framework must now evolve in the light of new Anthropocene dynamics. This requires a fundamental shift from a focus only on governing shared resources beyond national jurisdiction, to one that secures critical functions of the Earth system irrespective of national boundaries. We propose a new framework—the planetary commons—which differs from the global commons framework by including not only globally shared geographic regions but also critical biophysical systems that regulate the resilience and state, and therefore livability, on Earth. The new planetary commons should articulate and create comprehensive stewardship obligations through Earth system governance aimed at restoring and strengthening planetary resilience and justice.
KW - anthropocene
KW - earth system governance
KW - global commons
KW - international law
KW - planetary boundaries
Y1 - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2301531121
SN - 1091-6490
SN - 1877-2014
VL - 121
IS - 5
PB - National Academy of Sciences
CY - Washington, DC
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Schöniger, Franziska
A1 - Resch, Gustav
A1 - Kleinschmitt, Christoph
A1 - Franke, Katja
A1 - Thonig, Richard
A1 - Lilliestam, Johan
ED - Uyar, Tanay Sıdkı
ED - Javani, Nader
T1 - The need for dispatchable RES
BT - a closer look at the future role of CSP in Europe
T2 - Renewable energy based solutions
N2 - Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) offers flexible and decarbonised power generation and is one of the few switchable renewable technologies that can generate renewable power on demand. Today (2018), CSP only contributes 5 TWh to European electricity generation but has the potential to become an important generation asset for decarbonising the electricity sector within Europe as well as globally. This chapter examines how factors and key political decisions lead to different futures and the associated CSP use in Europe in the years up to 2050. In a second step, we characterise the scenarios with the associated system costs and the costs of the support policy. We show that the role of CSP in Europe depends crucially on political decisions and the success or failure of policies outside of renewable energies. In particular, the introduction of CSP depends on the general ambitions for decarbonisation, the level of cross-border trade in electricity from renewable sources and is made possible by the existence of a strong grid connection between the southern and northern European Member States and by future growth in electricity demand. The presence of other baseload technologies, particularly nuclear energy in France, diminishes the role and need for CSP. Assuming a favourable technological development, we find a strong role for CSP in Europe in all modelled scenarios: Contribution of 100 TWh to 300 TWh of electricity to a future European electricity system. The current European CSP fleet would have to be increased by a factor of 20 to 60 over the next 30 years. To achieve this, stable financial support for CSP would be required. Depending on framework conditions and assumptions, the amount of support ranges at the EU level from € 0.4 to 2 billion per year, which represents only a small proportion of the total support requirement for the energy system transformation. Cooperation between the Member States could further help reduce these costs.
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-3-031-05124-1
SN - 978-3-031-05125-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05125-8_8
VL - 87
SP - 219
EP - 239
PB - Springer International Publishing
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Jann, Werner
ED - Hickmann, Thomas
ED - Lederer, Markus
T1 - The modern state and administrative reform
BT - the times they are a-changin’
T2 - Leidenschaft und Augenmaß : sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektiven auf Entwicklung, Verwaltung, Umwelt und Klima : Festschrift für Harald Fuhr
Y1 - 2020
SN - 978-3-8487-5249-2
SN - 978-3-8452-9429-2
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845294292-59
SP - 59
EP - 72
PB - Nomos
CY - Baden-Baden
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Molinengo, Giulia
T1 - The micropolitics of collaborative governance
T1 - Die Mikropolitik von „collaborative governance“
BT - a power-sensitive and process-oriented perspective
BT - eine machtsensitive und prozessorientierte Perspektive
N2 - Why do exercises in collaborative governance often witness more impasse than advantage? This cumulative dissertation undertakes a micro-level analysis of collaborative governance to tackle this research puzzle. It situates micropolitics at the very center of analysis: a wide range of activities, interventions, and tactics used by actors – be they conveners, facilitators, or participants – to shape the collaborative exercise. It is by focusing on these daily minutiae, and on the consequences that they bring along, the study argues, that we can better understand why and how collaboration can become stuck or unproductive. To do so, the foundational part of this dissertation (Article 1) uses power as a sensitizing concept to investigate the micro-dynamics that shape collaboration. It develops an analytical approach to advance the study of collaborative governance at the empirical level under a power-sensitive and process-oriented perspective. The subsequent articles follow the dissertation's red thread of investigating the micropolitics of collaborative governance by showing facilitation artefacts' interrelatedness and contribution to the potential success or failure of collaborative arrangements (Article 2); and by examining the specialized knowledge, skills and practices mobilized when designing a collaborative process (Article 3). The work is based on an abductive research approach, tacking back and forth between empirical data and theory, and offers a repertoire of concepts – from analytical terms (designed and emerging interaction orders, flows of power, arenas for power), to facilitation practices (scripting, situating, and supervising) and types of knowledge (process expertise) – to illustrate and study the detailed and constant work (and rework) that surrounds collaborative arrangements. These concepts sharpen the way researchers can look at, observe, and understand collaborative processes at a micro level. The thesis thereby elucidates the subtleties of power, which may be overlooked if we focus only on outcomes rather than the processes that engender them, and supports efforts to identify potential sources of impasse.
N2 - Warum führen Prozesse der collaborative governance oft eher in die Sackgasse als zum Erfolg? Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation geht dieses Problem an, indem sie die Mikroebene von collaborative governance analysiert. Untersuchungsgegenstand ist die Mikropolitik, verstanden als weites Spektrum an Aktivitäten, Interventionen und Taktiken, mit denen beteiligte Akteure – seien es VeranstalterInnen, ModeratorInnen oder TeilnehmerInnen – kollaborative Prozesse gestalten. Es ist dieser Fokus auf alltägliche Handlungen und ihre Auswirkungen, so argumentiert die Arbeit, der ein besseres Verständnis ermöglicht, wann und warum kollaborative Prozesse unproduktiv werden. Um dies zu erreichen, verwendet der grundlegende Teil der Dissertation (Artikel 1) Macht als sensibilisierenden Begriff, um die Mikrodynamiken zu untersuchen, welche collaborative governance prägen. Der Artikel entwickelt ein Analysemodell, um die empirische Untersuchung der collaborative governance aus einer machtsensiblen und prozessorientierten Perspektive zu ermöglichen. Die weiteren Artikel folgen dem roten Faden der Dissertation und untersuchen die Mikropolitik der collaborative governance, indem sie die Wechselwirkungen und den Beitrag von Moderationsgegenständen zum potenziellen Erfolg oder Misserfolg kollaborativer Prozesse aufzeigen (Artikel 2), sowie die speziellen Kenntnisse, Fähigkeiten und Praktiken untersuchen, die bei der Gestaltung eines Beteiligungsprozesses mobilisiert werden (Artikel 3). Die Arbeit basiert auf einem abduktiven Forschungsansatz, bewegt sich zwischen empirischen Daten und Theorie hin und her, und entwickelt ein Repertoire an Begriffen und Konzepten - von analytischen Begriffen (designed and emerging interaction orders, flows of power, arenas for power) bis hin zu Moderationspraktiken (scripting, situating, und supervising) und Wissensarten (Prozessexpertise) - um die minutiösen und kontinuierlichen Gestaltungen (und Umgestaltungen) von kollaborativen Prozessen zu veranschaulichen und untersuchen. Diese Begriffe und Konzepte erlauben ForscherInnen, ihren Blick auf die Mikroebene von kollaborativen Prozessen zu schärfen. Die Dissertation verdeutlicht damit die Feinheiten von Macht, welche bei einem Fokus auf Ergebnisse statt auf die ihnen vorgelagerten Prozesse oft übersehen werden, und unterstützt die Bemühungen, potenzielle Quellen von collaborative impasse zu identifizieren.
KW - collaborative governance
KW - micropolitics
KW - facilitation
KW - power
KW - process design
KW - artefacts
KW - process expertise
KW - Artefakte
KW - Moderation
KW - Mikropolitik
KW - Macht
KW - Prozessgestaltung
KW - Prozessexpertise
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-577123
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Demmke, Christoph
T1 - The Legitimacy of civil services in the 21 st century
JF - The Oxford encyclopedia of public administration ; Vol 2
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-0-19-762812-6
SN - 978-0-19-086639-6
SP - 928
EP - 944
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Leib, Julia
A1 - Ruppel, Samantha
T1 - The learning effects of United Nations simulations in political science classrooms
JF - European Political Science
N2 - How do active learning environments—by means of simulations—enhance political science students’ learning outcomes regarding different levels of knowledge? This paper examines different UN simulations in political science courses to demonstrate their pedagogical value and provide empirical evidence for their effectiveness regarding three levels of knowledge (factual, procedural and soft skills). Despite comprehensive theoretical claims about the positive effects of active learning environments on learning outcomes, substantial empirical evidence is limited. Here, we focus on simulations to systematically test previous claims and demonstrate their pedagogical value. Model United Nations (MUNs) have been a popular teaching device in political science. To gain comprehensive data about the active learning effects of MUNs, we collect data and evaluate three simulations covering the whole range of simulation characteristics: a short in-class simulation of the UN Security Council, a regional MUN with different committees being simulated, and two delegations to the National Model United Nations, for which the students prepare for 1 year. Comparative results prove that simulations need to address certain characteristics in order to produce extensive learning outcomes. Only comprehensive simulations are able to achieve all envisioned learning outcomes regarding factual and procedural knowledge about the UN and soft skills.
KW - Active learning
KW - Education
KW - Negotiation
KW - Simulations
KW - UN
KW - International relations
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-020-00260-3
SN - 1682-0983
SN - 1680-4333
VL - 19
IS - 3
SP - 336
EP - 351
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - M’Hamed, Sonia Chikh
A1 - Sprinz, Detlef F.
ED - Dyrhauge, Helene
ED - Kurze, Kristina
T1 - The keys to the EU’s climate neutrality goal
T2 - Making the European Green Deal work
N2 - The EU and its member countries have been laggards in using forest carbon to reduce EU emissions. The European Green Deal aims to change this. As part of its long-term emissions reductions, the EU aims to offset this by creating land-based carbon sinks, especially forest carbon sinks as well as carbon capture and storage. This chapter focuses on the role of forest carbon as part of the EU's climate policies towards achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. It furthermore examines the European Commission's proposed forest strategy and its proposal for a revised LULUCF Regulation. The chapter shows that the logic of appropriateness dominates the European Commission's forest policies. Finally, the chapter makes policy recommendations on how the EU could credibly use long-term carbon sinks to achieve climate neutrality.
Y1 - 2023
SN - 978-1-032-16070-2
SN - 978-1-032-16077-1
SN - 978-1-003-24698-5
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003246985-6
SP - 60
EP - 75
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fischer, Caroline
A1 - Heuberger, Moritz
A1 - Heine, Moreen
T1 - The impact of digitalization in the public sector
BT - a systematic literature review
JF - Der moderne Staat
N2 - The digitalization of public administration is increasingly moving forward. This systematic literature review analyzes empirical studies that explore the impacts of digitalization projects (n=93) in the public sector. Bibliometrically, only a few authors have published several times on this topic so far. Most studies focusing on impact come from the US or China, and are related to Computer Science. In terms of content, the majority of examined articles studies services to citizens, and therefore consider them when measuring impact. A classification of the investigated effects by dimensions of public value shows that the analysis of utilitarian-instrumental values, such as efficiency or performance, is prevalent. More interdisciplinary cooperation is needed to research the impact of digitalization in the public sector. The different dimensions of impact should be linked more closely. In addition, research should focus more on the effects of digitalization within administration.
KW - digital transformation
KW - e-government
KW - impact evaluation
KW - public value
KW - public values
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/dms.v14i1.13
SN - 1865-7192
SN - 2196-1395
VL - 14
IS - 1
SP - 3
EP - 23
PB - Barbara Budrich
CY - Leverkusen-Opladen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Liese, Andrea
A1 - Herold, Jana
A1 - Feil, Hauke
A1 - Busch, Per-Olof
T1 - The heart of bureaucratic power
BT - Explaining international bureaucracies’ expert authority
JF - Review of international studies : RIS
N2 - Expert authority is regarded as the heart of international bureaucracies' power. To measure whether international bureaucracies' expert authority is indeed recognised and deferred to, we draw on novel data from a survey of a key audience: officials in the policy units of national ministries in 121 countries. Respondents were asked to what extent they recognised the expert authority of nine international bureaucracies in various thematic areas of agricultural and financial policy. The results show wide variance. To explain this variation, we test well-established assumptions on the sources of de facto expert authority. Specifically, we look at ministry officials' perceptions of these sources and, thus, focus on a less-studied aspect of the authority relationship. We examine the role of international bureaucracies' perceived impartiality, objectivity, global impact, and the role of knowledge asymmetries. Contrary to common assumptions, we find that de facto expert authority does not rest on impartiality perceptions, and that perceived objectivity plays the smallest role of all factors considered. We find some indications that knowledge asymmetries are associated with more expert authority. Still, and robust to various alternative specifications, the perception that international bureaucracies are effectively addressing global challenges is the most important factor.
KW - Expert Authority
KW - International Bureaucracies
KW - International
KW - Organisations
KW - Neutrality
KW - Performance
KW - Survey
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S026021052100005X
SN - 0260-2105
SN - 1469-9044
VL - 47
IS - 3
SP - 353
EP - 376
PB - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pschichholz, Christin
T1 - The First World Warasa Caesura?
BT - Demographic Concepts, Population Policy, and Genocide in the Late Ottoman, Russian, and Habsburg Spheres
JF - The First World War as a Caesura? : demographic concepts, population policy, and genocide in the Late Ottoman, Russian, and Habsburg spheres
Y1 - 2020
SN - 978-3-428-18146-9
SN - 978-3-428-58146-7
SP - 7
EP - 12
PB - Duncker & Humblot
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Liese, Andrea Margit
A1 - Reiners, Nina
T1 - The Eye of the Beholder?
BT - The Contestation of Values and International Law ; Comment on Tiyanjana Maluwa
JF - The International Rule of Law: Rise or Decline?
Y1 - 2019
SN - 0191879398
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843603.003.0021
SP - 335
EP - 343
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ollier, Lana
A1 - Metz, Florence
A1 - Nuñez-Jimenez, Alejandro
A1 - Späth, Leonhard
A1 - Lilliestam, Johan
T1 - The European 2030 climate and energy package
BT - do domestic strategy adaptations precede EU policy change?
JF - Policy sciences
N2 - The European Union’s 2030 climate and energy package introduced fundamental changes compared to its 2020 predecessor. These changes included a stronger focus on the internal market and an increased emphasis on technology-neutral decarbonization while simultaneously de-emphasizing the renewables target. This article investigates whether changes in domestic policy strategies of leading member states in European climate policy preceded the observed changes in EU policy. Disaggregating strategic change into changes in different elements (goals, objectives, instrumental logic), allows us to go beyond analyzing the relative prioritization of different goals, and to analyze how policy requirements for reaching those goals were dynamically redefined over time. To this end, we introduce a new method, which based on insights from social network analysis, enables us to systematically trace those strategic chances. We find that shifts in national strategies of the investigated member states preceded the shift in EU policy. In particular, countries reframed their understanding of supply security, and pushed for the internal electricity market also as a security measure to balance fluctuating renewables. Hence, the increasing focus on markets and market integration in the European 2030 package echoed the increasingly central role of the internal market for electricity supply security in national strategies. These findings also highlight that countries dynamically redefined their goals relative to the different phases of the energy transition.
KW - climate and energy policy
KW - policy strategy
KW - European Union
KW - decarbonization
KW - renewable energy
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-022-09447-5
SN - 0032-2687
SN - 1573-0891
VL - 55
IS - 1
SP - 161
EP - 184
PB - Springer Science+Business Media LLC
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dörfler, Thomas
T1 - The effect of expert recommendations on intergovernmental decision-making
BT - North Korea, Iran, and non-proliferation sanctions in the Security Council
JF - International relations : the journal of the David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies
N2 - The article explores whether and to what extent expert recommendations affect decision-making within the Security Council and its North Korea and Iran sanctions regimes. The article first develops a rationalist theoretical argument to show why making many second-stage decisions, such as determining lists of items under export restrictions, subjects Security Council members to repeating coordination situations. Expert recommendations may provide focal point solutions to coordination problems, even when interests diverge and preferences remain stable. Empirically, the article first explores whether expert recommendations affected decision-making on commodity sanctions imposed on North Korea. Council members heavily relied on recommended export trigger lists as focal points, solving a divisive conflict among great powers. Second, the article explores whether expert recommendations affected the designation of sanctions violators in the Iran sanctions regime. Council members designated individuals and entities following expert recommendations as focal points, despite conflicting interests among great powers. The article concludes that expert recommendations are an additional means of influence in Security Council decision-making and seem relevant for second-stage decision-making among great powers in other international organisations.
KW - decision-making
KW - expert recommendations
KW - international organisation
KW - rationalism
KW - sanctions
KW - Security Council
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178211033941
SN - 0047-1178
SN - 1741-2862
VL - 36
IS - 2
SP - 237
EP - 261
PB - Sage
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dijkstra, Hylke
A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha
T1 - The death of major international organizations
BT - when institutional stickiness is not enough
JF - Global studies quarterly
N2 - Major international organizations (IOs) are heavily contested, but they are rarely dissolved. Scholars have focused on their longevity, making institutional arguments about replacement costs and institutional assets as well as IO agency to adapt and resist challenges. This article analyzes the limits of institutional stickiness by focusing on outlier cases. While major IOs are dissolved at considerably lower rates than minor IOs, the article nevertheless identifies twenty-one cases where major IOs have died since 1815. These are tough cases as they do not conform to our institutionalist expectations. To better understand these rare but important events, the article provides case illustrations from the League of Nations and International Refugee Organization, which were dissolved due to their perceived underperformance and a disappearing demand for cooperation. These cases show the limits of the institutional theories of IO stickiness: sometimes member states find high replacement costs justified or consider assets as sunk costs, and IOs may lack agency to strategically respond. This article refines theories of institutional stickiness and contributes to the institutional theory of the life and death of IOs.
Les principales organisations internationales (OI) sont fortement contestées, mais rarement dissoutes. Pour expliquer leur longévité, les chercheurs ont avancé des arguments institutionnels concernant les coûts de remplacement et les actifs de l'institution, mais aussi la capacité des OI à s'adapter et à résister aux défis. Cet article analyse les limites de la persistance des institutions en se concentrant sur des cas particuliers. Tandis que les principales OI sont dissoutes bien moins fréquemment que des OI moins importantes, cet article identifie néanmoins 21 cas de disparition d'OI principales depuis 1815. Ces derniers sont particulièrement difficiles, car ils ne correspondent pas à nos attentes en termes d'institutions. Afin de mieux comprendre ces événements rares, mais non moins importants, l'article propose comme illustrations de cas la Société des Nations et l'Organisation internationale pour les réfugiés, qui ont été dissoutes à cause de leur manque apparent de résultats et de la disparition de la demande de coopération. Ces cas mettent en évidence les limites des théories institutionnelles de persistance des OI : parfois, les États membres considèrent les coûts de remplacement élevés justifiés ou les actifs comme des coûts irrécupérables, et les OI n'ont peut-être pas la capacité de leur répondre de manière stratégique. Le présent article affine les théories de persistance institutionnelle et contribue à la théorie institutionnelle de vie et de mort des OI.
Las organizaciones internacionales (OI) más importantes son muy cuestionadas, pero rara vez se disuelven. Los investigadores se han centrado en la longevidad de las IO, formulando argumentos institucionales sobre los costes de sustitución y los activos institucionales, así como sobre la capacidad de adaptación y resistencia de las organizaciones internacionales. Este artículo analiza los límites de la rigidez institucional centrándose en casos atípicos. Aunque las OI más importantes se disuelven en proporciones considerablemente menores que las OI de menor importancia, el artículo identifica 21 casos en los que OI más importantes desaparecieron desde 1815. Se trata de casos difíciles, ya que no se ajustan a nuestras expectativas institucionalistas. Para comprender mejor estos raros pero importantes acontecimientos, el artículo ofrece ejemplos de casos de la Sociedad de Naciones y de la, Organización Internacional para los Refugiados que se disolvieron debido a su bajo desempeño percibido y a la desaparición de la demanda de cooperación. Estos casos muestran los límites de las teorías institucionales sobre la rigidez de las OI: En ocasiones, los Estados miembros consideran justificados los elevados costes de sustitución o consideran que los activos son costes irrecuperables, y las OI pueden no disponer de capacidad de respuesta estratégica. Este artículo profundiza en las teorías de la rigidez institucional y contribuye a la teoría institucional de la vida y la muerte de las organizaciones internacionales.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isagsq/ksac048
SN - 2634-3797
VL - 2
IS - 4
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Leib, Julia
A1 - Ruppel, Samantha
T1 - The dance of peace and justice
BT - local perceptions of international peacebuilding in West Africa
JF - International peacekeeping
N2 - This article investigates local perceptions of international peacebuilding in Sierra Leone and Liberia and explains the need for an inclusive framework addressing peace and justice at the same time. These neighbouring countries in West Africa not only share the burden of an intertwined conflict history but have also been described as prototypes for successful peacebuilding. However, both cases show striking differences with regard to the relative importance given to security and justice during the peace process and within the selected peacebuilding approaches. In Liberia, the peacebuilding framework was clearly sequenced, favouring security over justice. In Sierra Leone, it included a comprehensive TJ component, which was implemented alongside security-centred initiatives. In order to compare these two cases and to elaborate on the challenges of establishing both peace and justice in post-conflict settings with a more people-centred focus, we conducted expert interviews with (inter)national peacebuilding actors and opinion surveys, asking how the civilian populations themselves perceive the peace process and the effectiveness of international peacebuilding. The findings provide insights into local experiences with the inclusive peacebuilding framework implemented in Sierra Leone and the drawbacks of delaying justice and accountability in Liberia.
KW - Peacebuilding
KW - transitional justice
KW - Liberia
KW - Sierra Leone
KW - civil war
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2021.1927726
SN - 1353-3312
SN - 1743-906X
IS - 5
SP - 783
EP - 812
PB - Taylor & Francis
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hartmann, Eddy
A1 - Lang, Felix
T1 - The crisis of social trust in non-violent routines
BT - social mobilization of right-wing violence in Germany
JF - The condition of democracy. - Volume 2: Contesting citizenship
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-0-367-74536-3
SN - 978-1-00-315837-0
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003158370-8
SP - 104
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Sprinz, Detlef F.
ED - Jörgens, Helge
ED - Knill, Christoph
ED - Steinebach, Yves
T1 - The challenge of long-term environmental policy
T2 - Routledge handbook of environmental policy
N2 - Long-term environmental policy remains a vexing puzzle of environmental policy. Following its definition, the author reviews the methods suitable for the study of long-term environmental policy and develops a typology of policy instruments to cope with these challenges. The concluding section offers five central research challenges to advance the study of long-term environmental policy.
Y1 - 2023
SN - 978-0-367-48992-2
SN - 978-1-032-50311-0
SN - 978-1-003-04384-3
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003043843-26
SP - 305
EP - 314
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1 - Dumas, Benoît Paul
A1 - Heuberger, Moritz
T1 - The capacity of local governments in Europe
BT - autonomy,responsibilities and reforms
N2 - This book compares local self-government in Europe. It examines local institutional structures, autonomy, and capacities in six selected countries - France, Italy, Sweden, Hungary, Poland, and the United Kingdom - each of which represents a typical model of European local government. Within Europe, an overall trend towards more local government capacities and autonomy can be identified, but there are also some counter tendencies to this trend and major differences regarding local politico-administrative settings, functional responsibilities, and resources. The book demonstrates that a certain degree of local financial autonomy and fiscal discretion is necessary for effective service provision. Furthermore, a robust local organization, viable territorial structures, a professional public service, strong local leadership, and well-functioning tools of democratic participation are key aspects for local governments to effectively fulfill their tasks and ensure political accountability. The book will appeal to students and scholars of Public Administration and Public Management, as well as practitioners and policy-makers at different levels of government, in public enterprises, and in NGOs.
KW - local government
KW - public sector reform
KW - Europe
KW - local autonomy
KW - self-governance
KW - new public management
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-3-031-07961-0
SN - 978-3-031-07962-7
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07962-7
SP - 7
EP - 55
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Schwab, Regine
A1 - Krause, Werner
A1 - Massoud, Samer
T1 - The bombing of hospitals and local violence dynamics in civil wars
BT - evidence from Syria (2017 - 2020)
T2 - HiCN Working paper
N2 - The impact of civilian harm on strategic outcomes in war has been the subject of persistent debate. However, the literature has primarily focused on civilian casualties, thereby overlooking the targeting of civilian infrastructure, which is a recurrent phenomenon during war. This study fills this gap by examining the targeting of healthcare, one of the most indispensable infrastructures during war and peace time. We contend that attacks on medical facilities are distinct from direct violence against civilians. Because they are typically unrelated to military dynamics, the targeting of hospitals is a highly visible form and powerful signal of civilian victimization. To assess its effects, we analyze newly collected data on such attacks by pro-government forces and event data on combat activities in Northwest Syria (2017-2020). Applying a new approach for panel data analysis that combines matching methods with a difference-in-differences estimation, we examine the causal effect of counterinsurgent bombings on subsequent violent events. Distinguishing between regime-initiated and insurgent-initiated combat activities and their associated fatalities, we find that the targeting of hospitals increases insurgent violence. We supplement the quantitative analysis with unique qualitative evidence derived from interviews, which demonstrates that hospital bombings induce rebels to resist more fiercely through two mechanisms: intrinsic motivations and civilian pressure. The results have important implications for the effects of state-led violence and the strength of legal norms that protect noncombatants.
KW - civil war
KW - collective targeting
KW - civilian infrastructure
KW - hospitals
KW - rebel attacks
KW - Syria
Y1 - 2023
UR - https://hicn.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/HiCN-WP-403-2.pdf
VL - 403
PB - Households in Conflict Network
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Busch, Per-Olof
A1 - Liese, Andrea
T1 - The authority of international public administrations
JF - International Bureaucracy: Challenges and Lessons for Public Administration Research
N2 - This chapter takes stock with the research on the authority of international organizations (IOs) and international public administrations (IPAs) in the fields of International Relations (IR) and Public Administration (PA). It combines arguments from conceptual and theoretical debates with empirical findings to explore under which conditions IPAs are likely to enjoy authority. Based on a review of the literature and on conceptual clarifications, we define authority as a social relationship between holders and granters of authority. We distinguish two types of authority, namely, political and expert authority, and two forms of recognition, namely, in practice (de facto) and by formal delegation (de jure). Given that the de facto expert authority of IPAs has received least attention in the literature, while the PA literature reminds us that knowledge lies at the heart of bureaucratic power, we develop propositions on how de facto expert authority could be measured and how the anticipated variation of expert authority among IPAs could be explained. We illustrate our argument with reference to empirical findings in the IR and PA literature. We conclude by highlighting the implications of our discussion for future research on the authority of national and IPAs.
Y1 - 2016
SN - 978-1-349-94977-9
SN - 978-1-349-94976-2
SN - 978-1-349-95692-0
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94977-9_5
SP - 97
EP - 122
PB - Palgrave Macmillan, London
CY - Basingstoke
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Bogumil, Jörg
A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED - Tanguy, Gildas
ED - Eymeri-Douzans, Jean-Michel
T1 - Territorial administration in Germany
BT - institutional variants, reforms, and actors at the meso-level of government
T2 - Prefects, governors and commissioners : territorial representatives of the state in Europe
N2 - This chapter outlines the organization and allocation of functions at the meso-level of government in Germany (states/Länder administrations). Furthermore, we shed light on the carriers and qualification profiles of the top bureaucrats in meso-level administrations. These high-rank territorial administrators/executives—state appointed heads of administrative districts (Regierungspräsidenten) on the one hand, elected heads of county administrations (Landräte) on the other hand—can be regarded as the German ‘equivalents’ of the prefects in countries with a Napoleonic administrative tradition. Finally, we analyse major reforms that have led to (at times, profound) transformations in territorial administrations, raising the question of to what extent alternative models of territorial bundling and coordination functions are sound and sustainable.
KW - Germany
KW - territorial administration
KW - meso-level of government
KW - institutional change
Y1 - 2020
SN - 978-3-030-59395-7
SN - 978-3-030-59396-4
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59396-4_15
SP - 327
EP - 352
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Botsch, Gideon
T1 - Taking nativism to the streets
BT - historical perspectives on right-wing extremist protest campaigns against immigration in germany
JF - Moving the social
N2 - In this article, I give an overview on nativist street protests in Germany from the early nineteenth century to the present from an historical perspective. In a preliminary re-mark, I will reflect on some recent developments in Germany, where nativist protest campaigns against immigration took place in the streets when voters were turning towards the populist radical right party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). In the first section, I will outline an older tradition of anti-immigration protest in nineteenth and early twentieth century Germany, which is closely connected to modern antisemitism. In sections two and three, I will retrace how, from the late 1960s onward, the far right in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) discovered concerns about immigra-tion in the German population, addressed them in protest campaigns and developed narratives to integrate such sentiments into a broader right-wing extremist ideology, itself deeply rooted in antisemitism. Studying nativism and the radical right from an actor-oriented perspective, I will focus on traditionalist movements, including the Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD) and neo-Nazi groups.
KW - Antisemitism
KW - racism
KW - nativism
KW - radical
KW - right parties and movements
KW - protest
KW - violence
KW - terrorism
KW - Germany
KW - nineteenth and twentieth century
KW - history
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-8375-2491-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.46586/mts.66.2021.43-62
SN - 2197-0386
SN - 2197-0394
VL - 66
SP - 43
EP - 62
PB - Institute for Social Movements
CY - Bochum
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Beisheim, Marianne
A1 - Liese, Andrea Margit
T1 - Summing up : key findings and avenues for future research
Y1 - 2014
SN - 978-1-137-35925-0
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kersting, Norbert
A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine
T1 - Sub-municipal Units in Germany
BT - Municipal and Metropolitan Districts
JF - Sub-municipal Units in Germany: Municipal and Metropolitan Districts
N2 - Sub-municipal units (SMUs) in Germany differ in German Länder. In Berlin, Hamburg and München Metropole Districts fulfill a number of quasi-municipal self-government rights and functions. They have their own budget and strong councils, as well as mayors. In all other Länder, most sub-municipal councils were subordinated under the municipal council and directly elected mayor heading the administration. SMUs were introduced as a kind of compensation with different territorial reforms in the 1970s. Although directly elected, sub-municipal councilors are weak, and their advisory role competes with other newly established advisory boards. Here the focus remains on traffic and town planning. Some sub-municipal councils fulfill smaller administrative functions and become more relevant and important in recent decentralization strategies of neighborhood development.
Y1 - 2018
SN - 978-3-319-64725-8
SN - 978-3-319-64724-1
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64725-8_5
SP - 93
EP - 118
PB - Palgrave
CY - Basingstoke
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nuesiri, Emmanuel O.
T1 - Strengths and Limitations of Conservation NGOs in Meeting Local Needs
JF - the Anthropology of Conservation NGOS
N2 - Conservation nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) are often involved in the design and implementation of global forest management initiatives such as the REDD+, which currently is being rolled out by the UNFCCC, the UN-REDD Programme and the World Bank as part of efforts to mitigate climate change. Nigeria joined the UN-REDD in 2010 and submitted its REDD+ readiness proposal in 2011. The proposal has a national component and subnational forestry activities in the Cross River State (CRS) as the pilot site. This chapter examines the involvement of local NGOs in the CRS consultative participatory meetings to validate the Nigeria-REDD proposal. It shows that political representation of local communities in the validation exercise was through customary authorities and NGOs who claim to speak for and are recognised as advocates for the communities. Local government authorities, the substantive political representatives of local communities were left out of the process. The chapter also shows how the CRS Forestry Commission, which organised the validation exercise, used NGOs as pawns to legitimise it, and how these NGOs were powerless to challenge the Forestry Commission. In contrast, local governments, the third tier of government and political authority routinely disrespected by state-level administrators, regularly challenge such higher level government actors in the courts and the national legislature. Thus, local NGOs may speak and work for local social development but compared to the substantive political representatives at the local level (e.g., local government authorities), local NGOs have limited resources to challenge the political shenanigans of the state.
Y1 - 2018
SN - 978-3-319-60579-1
SN - 978-3-319-60578-4
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60579-1_8
SP - 203
EP - 225
PB - Palgrave
CY - Basingstoke
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Esguerra, Alejandro
A1 - Beck, Silke
A1 - Lidskog, Rolf
T1 - Stakeholder Engagement in the Making
BT - IPBES Legitimization Politics
JF - Global environmental politics
N2 - A growing number of expert organizations aim to provide knowledge for global environmental policy-making. Recently, there have also been explicit calls for stakeholder engagement at the global level to make scientific knowledge relevant and usable on the ground. The newly established Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is one of the first international expert organizations to have systematically developed a strategy for stakeholder engagement in its own right. In this article, we analyze the emergence of this strategy. Employing the concept politics of legitimation, we examine how and for what reasons stakeholder engagement was introduced, justified, and finally endorsed, as well as its effects. The article explores the process of institutionalizing stakeholder engagement, as well as reconstructing the contestation of the operative norms (membership, tasks, and accountability) regulating the rules for this engagement. We conclude by discussing the broader importance of the findings for IPBES, as well as for international expert organizations in general.
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00390
SN - 1526-3800
SN - 1536-0091
VL - 17
SP - 59
EP - 76
PB - MIT Press
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Tallberg, Jonas
A1 - Bäckstrand, Karin
A1 - Aart Scholte, Jan
A1 - Sommerer, Thomas
T1 - SNS Democracy Council 2023
BT - global governance: fit for purpose?
N2 - Transboundary problems such as climate change, military conflicts, trade barriers, and refugee flows require increased collaboration across borders. This is to a large extent possible using existing international organizations. In such a case, however, they need to be considerably strengthened – while current trends take us in the opposite direction, according to the researchers in the SNS Democracy Council 2023.
KW - democracy
KW - globalization
KW - international trade
Y1 - 2023
UR - https://snsse.cdn.triggerfish.cloud/uploads/2023/04/sns-democracy-council-2023-global-governance--fit-for-purpose.pdf
SN - 978-91-89754-06-5
PB - SNS Förlag
CY - Stockholm
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mielke, Jahel
T1 - Signals for 2 degrees C
BT - the influence of policies, market factors and civil society actions on investment decisions for green infrastructure
JF - Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment
N2 - The targets of the Paris Agreement make it necessary to redirect finance flows towards sustainable, low-carbon infrastructures and technologies. Currently, the potential of institutional investors to help finance this transition is widely discussed. Thus, this paper takes a closer look at influence factors for green investment decisions of large European insurance companies. With a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, the importance of policy, market and civil society signals is evaluated. In summary, respondents favor measures that promote green investment, such as feed-in tariffs or adjustments of capital charges for green assets, over ones that make carbon-intensive investments less attractive, such as the phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies or a carbon price. While investors currently see a low impact of the carbon price, they rank a substantial reform as an important signal for the future. Respondents also emphasize that policy signals have to be coherent and credible to coordinate expectations.
KW - Green infrastructure investment
KW - policy signals
KW - green finance
KW - climate change
KW - institutional investors
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2018.1528809
SN - 2043-0795
SN - 2043-0809
VL - 9
IS - 2
SP - 87
EP - 115
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Krause, Werner
A1 - Gahn, Christina
T1 - Should we include margins of error in public opinion polls?
JF - European journal of political research
N2 - Public opinion polls have become vital and increasingly visible parts of election campaigns. Previous research has frequently demonstrated that polls can influence both citizens' voting intentions and political parties' campaign strategies. However, they are also fraught with uncertainty. Margins of error can reflect (parts of) this uncertainty. This paper investigates how citizens' voting intentions change due to whether polling estimates are presented with or without margins of error.
Using a vignette experiment (N=3224), we examine this question based on a real-world example in which different election polls were shown to nationally representative respondents ahead of the 2021 federal election in Germany. We manipulated the display of the margins of error, the interpretation of polls and the closeness of the electoral race.
The results indicate that margins of error can influence citizens' voting intentions. This effect is dependent on the actual closeness of the race and additional interpretative guidance provided to voters. More concretely, the results consistently show that margins of error increase citizens' inclination to vote for one of the two largest contesting parties if the polling gap between these parties is small, and an interpretation underlines this closeness.
The findings of this study are important for three reasons. First, they help to determine whether margins of error can assist citizens in making more informed (strategic) vote decisions. They shed light on whether depicting opinion-poll uncertainty affects the key features of representative democracy, such as democratic accountability. Second, the results stress the responsibility of the media. The way polls are interpreted and contextualized influences the effect of margins of error on voting behaviour. Third, the findings of this paper underscore the significance of including methodological details when communicating scientific research findings to the broader public.
KW - elections
KW - vote choice
KW - public opinion polls
KW - margins of error
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12633
SN - 0304-4130
SN - 1475-6765
VL - Early view
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Leib, Julia
T1 - Shaping peace: an investigation of the mechanisms underlying post-conflict peacebuilding
JF - Peace, conflict & development : an interdisciplinary journal
N2 - What shapes peace, and how can peace be successfully built in those countries affected by armed conflict? This paper examines mpeacebuilding in the aftermath of civil wars in order to identify the conditions for post-conflict peace. The field of civil war research is
characterised by case studies, comparative analyses and quantitative research, which relate relatively little to each other. Furthermore, the complex dynamics of peacebuilding have hardly been investigated so far. Thus, the question remains of how best to enhance the prospects
of a stable peace in post-conflict societies. Therefore, it is necessary to capture the dynamics of post-conflict peace. This paper aims at helping to narrow these research gaps by 1) presenting the benefits of set theoretic methods for peace and conflict studies; 2) identifying remote conflict environment factors and proximate peacebuilding factors which have an influence on the peacebuilding process and 3) proposing a
set-theoretic multi-method research approach in order to identify the causal structures and mechanisms underlying the complex realm of post-conflict peacebuilding. By implementing this transparent and systematic comparative approach, it will become possible to discover
the dynamics of post-conflict peace.
KW - civil war
KW - peacebuilding
KW - post-conflict peace
KW - set theory
KW - QCA
Y1 - 2016
SN - 1742-0601
IS - 22
SP - 25
EP - 76
PB - Univ.
CY - Bradford
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Dörfler, Thomas
T1 - Security council sanctions governance
BT - the power and limits of rules
T3 - Routledge research on the United Nations ; 6
N2 - Little is known about how far-reaching decisions in UN Security Council sanctions committees are made. Developing a novel committee governance concept and using examples drawn from sanctions imposed on Iraq, Al-Qaida, Congo, Sudan and Iran, this book shows that Council members tend to follow the will of the powerful, whereas sanctions committee members often decide according to the rules. This is surprising since both Council and committees are staffed by the same member states.
Offering a fascinating account of Security Council micro-politics and decision-making processes on sanctions, this rigorous comparative and theory-driven analysis treats the Council and its sanctions committees as distinguishable entities that may differ in decision practice despite having the same members. Drawing extensively on primary documents, diplomatic cables, well-informed press coverage, reports by close observers and extensive interviews with committee members, Council diplomats and sanctions experts, it contrasts with the conventional wisdom on decision-making within these bodies, which suggests that the powerful permanent members would not accept rule-based decisions against their interests.
This book will be of interest to policy practitioners and scholars working in the broad field of international organizations and international relations theory as well as those specializing in sanctions, international law, the Security Council and counter-terrorism.
Y1 - 2019
SN - 978-0-42944-232-2
SN - 978-1-138-33749-7
SN - 978-0-4298-0874-6
SN - 978-0-4298-0873-9
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429442322
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ruppel, Samantha
A1 - Leib, Julia
T1 - Same but different
BT - the role of local leaders in the peace processes in Liberia and Sierra Leone
JF - Peacebuilding
N2 - The peace processes in Liberia and Sierra Leone share similar contexts and have an interrelated history. They are also often portrayed as successful cases of peacebuilding. This conclusion seems valid, as war has not returned, and political power was handed over peacefully; however, both cases differ with regard to the inclusiveness of the peace processes and the role of local leaders. This article aims to add to the critical peacebuilding debate by focusing on local perceptions about the position of local leaders in these two peace processes. We conducted a public opinion survey in five regions in Sierra Leone and Liberia and expert interviews with peacebuilding actors to examine changing perceptions about the roles of local leaders in both countries. This article speaks to the broader peacebuilding debate by highlighting the importance of including local voices in the peace process and by discussing challenges of inclusive peacebuilding.
KW - conflict management
KW - conflict resolution
KW - West Africa
KW - peacebuilding
KW - peace
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2027152
SN - 2164-7259
VL - 10
IS - 4
SP - 470
EP - 505
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Forlenza, Rosario
A1 - Turner, Bryan S.
T1 - Roman Catholicism and democracy
BT - international conservatism and external liberalism?
JF - The condition of democracy : Volume 1: Neoliberal politics and sociological perspectives
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-1-00-040191-2
SN - 978-1-00-315836-3
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003158363-10
SP - 149
EP - 164
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Matsunaga, Miku
A1 - Krause, Werner
T1 - Right-wing violence and the persistence of far-right popularity
T2 - The LOOP : ECPR's Political Science Blog
N2 - Miku Matsunaga and Werner Krause reveal how voters who support radical-right parties are sticking by them, despite the current upsurge in right-wing violence. Their findings raise crucial concerns about the broader ramifications of growing far-right movements across the globe
KW - AfD
KW - Alternative für Deutschland
KW - far-right extremism
KW - far-right groups
KW - far-right parties
KW - far-right populism
KW - populist radical right
KW - right-wing politics
Y1 - 2023
UR - https://theloop.ecpr.eu/right-wing-violence-and-the-persistence-of-far-right-popularity/
PB - European Consortium for Political Research
CY - Colchester
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yilmaz, Zafer
T1 - Revising the culture of political protest after the gezi uprising in Turkey
BT - radical imagination, affirmative resistance, and the new politics of desire and dignity
JF - Mediterranean Quarterly
N2 - The Gezi uprising can be considered a crucial turning in Turkish politics. As a response to countrywide democratic protests, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) government revived the security state, escalated authoritarian tendencies, and started to organize a nationalist, Islamist, and conservative backlash. This essay argues that the Gezi Park protests revealed both the fragility of the AKP's hegemony and the limits of the dominant political group habitus, which were promoted by the party to consolidate political polarization in favor of the party's hegemony. Moreover, it is argued that the Gezi uprising transformed the culture of political protests in the country and paved the way for the emergence of affirmative resistance, radical imagination, and a new politics of desire and dignity against authoritarian and neoliberal policies.
KW - Erdogan
KW - Turkish politics
KW - democracy
KW - authoritarianism
KW - AKP
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-7003168
SN - 1047-4552
SN - 1527-1935
VL - 29
IS - 3
SP - 55
EP - 77
PB - Duke Univ. Press
CY - Durham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tsebelis, George
A1 - Thies, Michael
A1 - Cheibub, José Antonio
A1 - Dixon, Rosalind
A1 - Bogéa, Daniel
A1 - Ganghof, Steffen
T1 - Review symposium
BT - beyond presidentialism and parliamentarism
JF - European political science
N2 - Steffen Ganghof’s Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism: Democratic Design and the Separation of Powers (Oxford University Press, 2021) posits that “in a democracy, a constitutional separation of powers between the executive and the assembly may be desirable, but the constitutional concentration of executive power in a single human being is not” (Ganghof, 2021). To consider, examine and theorise about this, Ganghof urges engagement with semi-parliamentarism. As explained by Ganghof, legislative power is shared between two democratically legitimate sections of parliament in a semi-parliamentary system, but only one of those sections selects the government and can remove it in a no-confidence vote. Consequently, power is dispersed and not concentrated in the hands of any one person, which, Ganghof argues, can lead to an enhanced form of parliamentary democracy. In this book review symposium, George Tsebelis, Michael Thies, José Antonio Cheibub, Rosalind Dixon and Daniel Bogéa review Steffen Ganghof’s book and engage with the author about aspects of research design, case selection and theoretical argument. This symposium arose from an engaging and constructive discussion of the book at a seminar hosted by Texas A&M University in 2022. We thank Prof José Cheibub (Texas A&M) for organising that seminar and Dr Anna Fruhstorfer (University of Potsdam) for initiating this book review symposium.
KW - semi-parliamentary government
KW - presidentialism
KW - parliamentary government
KW - separation of powers
KW - legislatures
KW - executives
KW - parliamentary democracy
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-023-00426-9
SN - 1680-4333
SN - 1682-0983
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Basingstoke
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Liese, Andrea
A1 - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
ED - Knill, Christoph
ED - Steinebach, Yves
T1 - Reputation and influence
T2 - International public administrations in global public policy
N2 - International public administrations (IPAs) are collective bodies within international organizations (IOs) made up of international civil servants that support the intergovernmental bodies and member states. Over the last decade, research on these bodies has “gained substantial momentum”. Comparative assessments of IPAs reputation among stakeholders are rare. The literature on the sociological legitimacy of IOs is most advanced in this respect. A comparative agenda on IPAs reputation for expertise or neutrality is still in its infancy. Research has shown that different stakeholders view the same IPA quite differently. Reputation is a crucial concept in political science and IR research and has been widely used to predict states’ future behavior, notably regarding cooperation and conflict. IPAs seem to vary substantially in their reputation for expertise among critical interlocutors. In financial policy, several prominent IPAs are seen as experts, including the European Central Bank and the IMF.
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-1-032-34673-1
SN - 978-1-032-34672-4
SN - 978-1-003-32329-7
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003323297-5
SP - 52
EP - 81
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Dumas, Benoît Paul
ED - Bergström, Tomas
ED - Franzke, Jochen
ED - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED - Wayenberg, Ellen
T1 - Reforms of school supervision in the German Länder
BT - converging school supervision structures?
T2 - The future of local self-government
N2 - While school supervision structures in the German Länder were extensively reformed during the last decades, systematic analyses of these reforms are missing. This chapter contributes to this research gap by providing an overview of the implemented reforms of school supervision structures in the German Länder. The effects of these reforms are analysed in order to answer the question of whether a convergence of school supervision systems is a result of these reforms. In a first step, a distinction is made to identify system-changing reforms. Although a decrease of the number or a concentration on one school supervision system is not a result of the analysis, it is argued that there is a convergence of school supervision structures, as a clear trend against school supervision systems with lower school supervisory boards can be observed.
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-030-56058-4
SN - 978-3-030-56059-1
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56059-1_19
SP - 257
EP - 273
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Heucher, Angela
T1 - Reconsidering overlap in global food security governance
T2 - Food security : the science, sociology and economics of food production and access to food
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-019-00916-z
SN - 1876-4517
SN - 1876-4525
VL - 11
IS - 3
SP - 555
EP - 558
PB - Springer Netherlands
CY - Dordrecht
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wenzel, Bertolt
T1 - Rational instrument or symbolic signal?
BT - Explaining coordination structures in the Directorate-General for Fisheries and Maritime Affairs of the European Commission
JF - Public Policy and Administration
N2 - This article examines the reorganization of formal coordination structures in the Directorate-General for Fisheries and Maritime Affairs of the European Commission. While rational approaches in organization theory emphasize functional efficiency as an explanation for organizational design and coordination structures, the findings of this study indicate that the reorganization was not driven primarily for reasons of efficiency and to increase the coordination capacity of the organization. The study demonstrates that, even in a highly technical policy area such as fisheries management in the European Union, the (re-)design of formal organizational structures does not follow primarily a technical-instrumental rationale. Instead, the formal coordination structures have also been adapted to live up to changing expectations in the institutional environment, to modern management concepts in marine governance, and to ensure the legitimacy of the organization. However, although the empirical findings of this study substantiate the theoretical assumptions of an institutional perspective, institutional explanations alone are insufficient to comprehensively understand why organizational structures are reorganized and changed.
KW - Coordination structures
KW - European Commission
KW - fisheries policy
KW - marine governance
KW - organizational reform
KW - organization theory
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076716683764
SN - 0952-0767
SN - 1749-4192
VL - 33
IS - 2
SP - 149
EP - 169
PB - Sage Publ.
CY - London
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Grum, Marcus
A1 - Gronau, Norbert
T1 - Process modeling within augmented reality
BT - the bidirectional interplay of two worlds
T2 - Business Modeling and Software Design, BMSD 2018
N2 - The collaboration during the modeling process is uncomfortable and characterized by various limitations. Faced with the successful transfer of first process modeling languages to the augmented world, non-transparent processes can be visualized in a more comprehensive way. With the aim to rise comfortability, speed, accuracy and manifoldness of real world process augmentations, a framework for the bidirectional interplay of the common process modeling world and the augmented world has been designed as morphologic box. Its demonstration proves the working of drawn AR integrations. Identified dimensions were derived from (1) a designed knowledge construction axiom, (2) a designed meta-model, (3) designed use cases and (4) designed directional interplay modes. Through a workshop-based survey, the so far best AR modeling configuration is identified, which can serve for benchmarks and implementations.
KW - Augmented reality
KW - Process modeling
KW - Simulation process building
KW - Generalized knowledge constructin axiom
KW - Meta-model
KW - Use cases Morphologic box
KW - Industry 4.0
KW - CPS
KW - CPPS
KW - Internet of things
Y1 - 2018
SN - 978-3-319-94214-8
SN - 978-3-319-94213-1
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94214-8_7
SN - 1865-1348
VL - 319
SP - 99
EP - 115
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gehring, Thomas
A1 - Dorsch, Christian
A1 - Dörfler, Thomas
T1 - Precedent and doctrine in organisational decision-making
BT - the power of informal institutional rules in the United Nations Security Council’s activities on terrorism
JF - Journal of international relations and development
N2 - We examine how and under what conditions informal institutional constraints, such as precedent and doctrine, are likely to affect collective choice within international organisations even in the absence of powerful bureaucratic agents. With a particular focus on the United Nations Security Council, we first develop a theoretical account of why such informal constraints might affect collective decisions even of powerful and strategically behaving actors. We show that precedents provide focal points that allow adopting collective decisions in coordination situations despite diverging preferences. Reliance on previous cases creates tacitly evolving doctrine that may develop incrementally. Council decision-making is also likely to be facilitated by an institutional logic of escalation driven by institutional constraints following from the typically staged response to crisis situations. We explore the usefulness of our theoretical argument with evidence from the Council doctrine on terrorism that has evolved since 1985. The key decisions studied include the 1992 sanctions resolution against Libya and the 2001 Council response to the 9/11 attacks. We conclude that, even within intergovernmentally structured international organisations, member states do not operate on a clean slate, but in a highly institutionalised environment that shapes their opportunities for action.
KW - decision-making
KW - doctrine
KW - international organisations
KW - precedent
KW - Security Council
KW - terrorism
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-017-0101-5
SN - 1581-1980
SN - 1408-6980
VL - 22
IS - 1
SP - 107
EP - 135
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Basingstoke
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Mackert, Jürgen
ED - Wolf, Hannah
ED - Turner, Bryan S.
T1 - Postcolonial and settler colonial contexts
T3 - The condition of democracy
N2 - Classical liberal democratic theory has provided crucial ideas for a still dominant and hegemonic discourse that rests on ideological conceptions of freedom, equality, peacefulness, inclusive democratic participation, and tolerance. While this may have held some truth for citizens in Western liberal-capitalist societies, such liberal ideals have never been realized in colonial, postcolonial and settler colonial contexts. Liberal democracies are not simply forms of rule in domestic national contexts but also geo-political actors. As such, they have been the drivers of processes of global oppression, colonizing and occupying countries and people, appropriating indigenous land, annihilating people with eliminatory politics right up to genocides. There can be no doubt that the West – with its civilizational Judeo-Christian idea and divine mission ‘to subdue the world’ – has destroyed other civilizations, countries, trading systems, and traditional ways of life and is responsible for the death of hundreds of millions of human beings in the course of colonizing the world from its Empires of trade through colonialism to settler colonialism and today’s politics of regime change. The book discusses the settler colonial regime that Israel has established in Palestine while still claiming to be a democracy. It discusses the failures of liberal democracy to overcome the structural and racist inequalities in post-Apartheid South Africa, and it presents hopeful outlooks on new ideas and forms of democracy in social movements in the MENA region.
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-0-367-74538-7
SN - 978-1-003-15838-7
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003158387
VL - 3
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Busch, Per-Olof
A1 - Feil, Hauke
A1 - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
A1 - Herold, Jana
A1 - Kempken, Mathies
A1 - Liese, Andrea
T1 - Policy recommendations of international bureaucracies
BT - the importance of country-specificity
JF - International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration
N2 - Many international bureaucracies give policy advice to national administrative units. Why is the advice given by some international bureaucracies more influential than the recommendations of others? We argue that targeting advice to member states through national embeddedness and country-tailored research increases the influence of policy advice. Subsequently, we test how these characteristics shape the relative influence of 15 international bureaucracies' advice in four financial policy areas through a global survey of national administrations from more than 80 countries. Our findings support arguments that global blueprints need to be adapted and translated to become meaningful for country-level work.
Points for practitioners
National administrations are advised by an increasing number of international bureaucracies, and they cannot listen to all of this advice. Whereas some international bureaucracies give 'one-size-fits-all' recommendations to rather diverse countries, others cater their recommendations to the national audience. Investigating financial policy recommendations, we find that national embeddedness and country-tailored advice render international bureaucracies more influential.
KW - financial policy
KW - international administration
KW - international
KW - organizations
KW - multi-level government
KW - regime complexity
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523211013385
SN - 0020-8523
SN - 1461-7226
VL - 87
IS - 4
SP - 775
EP - 793
PB - Sage Publ.
CY - Los Angeles, Calif.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fleischer, Julia
A1 - Carstens, Nora
T1 - Policy labs as arenas for boundary spanning
BT - inside the digital transformation in Germany
JF - Public Management Review
N2 - The recently adopted German Online Access Act triggered the creation of digitalization labs for designing digital services, bringing together federal, state, and local authorities; end-users; and private-sector actors. These labs provide opportunities for boundary spanning due to organizational field and lab features. Our comparative case studies on three digitalization labs show variations in boundary spanning and reveal lab members de-coupling from their parent organizations to a varying extent. We have concluded labs offer boundary spanning that supports safeguarding the legitimacy of innovative policy designs but also raise concerns over public accountability.
KW - boundary spanning
KW - collaboration
KW - digitalization
KW - inter-governmental relations
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2021.1893803
SN - 1470-1065
SN - 1461-667X
VL - 24
IS - 8
SP - 1208
EP - 1225
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tran, C. T.
A1 - Mai, N. T.
A1 - Nguyen, V. T.
A1 - Nguyen, H. X.
A1 - Meharg, A.
A1 - Carey, M.
A1 - Dultz, S.
A1 - Marone, F.
A1 - Cichy, Sarah Bettina
A1 - Nguyen, Minh N.
T1 - Phytolith-associated potassium in fern
BT - characterization, dissolution properties and implications for slash-and-burn agriculture
JF - Soil use and Management
N2 - In recent time, phytoliths (silicon deposition between plant cells) have been recognized as an important nutrient source for crops. The work presented here aims at highlighting the potential of phytolith-occluded K pool in ferns. Dicranopteris linearis (D.linearis) is a common fern in the humid subtropical and tropical regions. Burning of the fern D.linearis is, in slash-and-burn regions, a common practice to prepare the soil before planting. We characterised the phytolith-rich ash derived from the fern D.linearis and phytolith-associated potassium (K) (phytK), using X-ray tomographic microscopy in combination with kinetic batch experiments. D.linearis contains up to 3.9g K/kgd.wt, including K subcompartmented in phytoliths. X-ray tomographic microscopy visualized an interembedding structure between organic matter and silica, particularly in leaves. Corelease of K and Si observed in the batch experiments confirmed that the dissolution of ash phytoliths is one of major factors controlling K release. Under heat treatment, a part of the K is made available, while the remainder entrapped into phytoliths (ca. 2.0-3.3%) is unavailable until the phytoliths are dissolved. By enhanced removal of organic phases, or forming more stable silica phases, heat treatment changes dissolution properties of the phytoliths, affecting K release for crops and soils. The maximum releases of soluble K and Si were observed for the phytoliths treated at 500-800 degrees C. For quantitative approaches for the K provision of plants from the soil phytK pool in soils, factors regulating phytolith dissolution rate have to be considered.
KW - Potassium
KW - phytolith
KW - fern
KW - Dicranopteris linearis
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12409
SN - 0266-0032
SN - 1475-2743
VL - 34
IS - 1
SP - 28
EP - 36
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1 - Bogumil, Jörg
T1 - Performance measurement and benchmarking as “reflexive institutions” for local governments
BT - Germany, Sweden and England compared
JF - International journal of public sector management
N2 - Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss different approaches of performance measurement and benchmarking as reflexive institutions for local governments in England, Germany and Sweden from a comparative perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
These three countries have been selected because they represent typical (most different) cases of European local government systems and reforms. The existing theories on institutional reflexivity point to the potential contribution of benchmarking to public sector innovation and organizational learning. Based on survey findings, in-depth case studies, interviews and document analyses in these three countries, the paper addresses the major research question as to what extent and why benchmarking regimes vary across countries. It derives hypotheses about the impacts of benchmarking on institutional learning and innovation.
Findings
The outcomes suggest that the combination of three key features of benchmarking, namely - obligation, sanctions and benchmarking authority - in conjunction with country-specific administrative context conditions and local actor constellations - influences the impact of benchmarking as a reflexive institution.
Originality/value
It is shown in the paper that compulsory benchmarking on its own does not lead to reflexivity and learning, but that there is a need for autonomy and leeway for local actors to cope with benchmarking results. These findings are relevant because policy makers must decide upon the specific governance mix of benchmarking exercises taking their national and local contexts into account if they want them to promote institutional learning and innovation.
KW - Benchmarking
KW - Administration
KW - Local government reform
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-01-2017-0004
SN - 0951-3558
SN - 1758-6666
VL - 31
IS - 4
SP - 543
EP - 562
PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited
CY - Bingley
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ganghof, Steffen
A1 - Eppner, Sebastian
T1 - Patterns of accountability and representation
BT - Why the executive-parties dimension cannot explain democratic performance
JF - Politics
N2 - Arend Lijphart uses an average of five standardized variables – the executive-parties dimension (EPD) – to describe patterns of democracy and explain differences in democracies’ performance. The article suggests ways to improve the descriptive part of the project. It argues that the EPD maps different approaches to achieving accountability and representation, rather than differences in consensus. This re-conceptualization leads to a more coherent and valid measurement. It is also argued that more systematic adjustments are needed for differences in constitutional structures (presidentialism and bicameralism). The article presents data on a revised EPD and its components for 36 democracies in the period from 1981 to 2010. As to the explanatory part of the project, we contend that the EPD often hinders adequate causal analysis rather than facilitating it. We show this by re-analysing democracies’ performance with respect to turnout and capital punishment.
KW - bicameralism
KW - consensus democracy
KW - death penalty
KW - democratic performance
KW - effective district magnitude
KW - executive-parties dimension
KW - turnout
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395717710566
SN - 0263-3957
SN - 1467-9256
VL - 39
IS - 1
SP - 113
EP - 130
PB - Sage Publ.
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weiß, Norman
T1 - Origin and Further Development
JF - The Council of Europe
Y1 - 2017
SN - 978-0-19-967252-3
SP - 3
EP - 22
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dorsch, Christian
A1 - Dörfler, Thomas
T1 - Organized hypocrisy of the international community
BT - an institutionalist explanation of the UN security council’s contradictory activity on darfur
JF - Zeitschrift für Genozidforschung
Y1 - 2014
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/1438-8332-2014-1-2-8
SN - 1438-8332
SN - 2589-1510
VL - 15
IS - 1-2
SP - 8
EP - 31
PB - Velbrück Wissenschaft
CY - Weilerswist
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fleischer, Julia
A1 - Pruin, Andree
T1 - Organizational reputation in executive politics
BT - citizen-oriented units in the German federal bureaucracy
JF - International review of administrative sciences
N2 - In recent years, governments have increased their efforts to strengthen the citizen-orientation in policy design. They have established temporary arenas as well as permanent units inside the machinery of government to integrate citizens into policy formulation, leading to a “laboratorization” of central government organizations. We argue that the evolution and role of these units herald new dynamics in the importance of organizational reputation for executive politics. These actors deviate from the classic palette of organizational units inside the machinery of government and thus require their own reputation vis-à-vis various audiences within and outside their parent organization. Based on a comparative case study of two of these units inside the German federal bureaucracy, we show how ambiguous expectations of their audiences challenge their organizational reputation. Both units resolve these tensions by balancing their weaker professional and procedural reputation with a stronger performative and moral reputation. We conclude that government units aiming to improve citizen orientation in policy design may benefit from engaging with citizens as their external audience to compensate for a weaker reputation in the eyes of their audiences inside the government organization. Points for practitioners: many governments have introduced novel means to strengthen citizen-centered policy design, which has led to an emergence of novel units inside central government that differ from traditional bureaucratic structures and procedures ; this study analyzes how these new units may build their organizational reputation vis-à-vis internal and external actors in government policymaking. ; we show that such units assert themselves primarily based on their performative and moral reputation.
KW - citizen participation
KW - government policymaking
KW - organizational reputation
Y1 - 0023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523221132228
SN - 0020-8523
SN - 1461-7226
PB - Sage
CY - Los Angeles, Calif.
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin
A1 - Kelly, Megan
A1 - Jasser, Greta
ED - Carian, Emily K.
ED - DiBranco, Alex
ED - Ebin, Chelsea
T1 - Of victims, mass murder, and “real men”
BT - the masculinities of the “manosphere”
T2 - Male supremacism in the United States
N2 - Over the last few decades, a network of misogynist blogs, websites, wikis, and forums has developed, where users share their bigoted, sexist, and toxic views of society in general and masculinity and femininity in particular. This chapter outlines conceptual framework of hegemonic and hybrid masculinity. It provides a brief overview of the historical development of the manosphere and its various configurations and present our analysis of the masculinities performed by the five groups of the manosphere. The concept of hegemonic masculinity was articulated by Connell and colleagues in the 1980s as “the pattern of practice that allowed men’s dominance over women to continue.” Prior to the advent of the manosphere, an online iteration of male supremacist mobilizations, both Men’s Rights Activists and Pick-up artists developed as offline movements in the 1970s. MRAs perceive their respective societies as inherently stacked against men. This chapter analyses the masculinities of the manosphere and how they “repudiat[e] and reif[y]” hegemonic masculinity and male supremacism.
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-1-003-16472-2
SN - 978-0-367-75404-4
SN - 978-0-367-75258-3
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003164722-9
SP - 117
EP - 141
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Liese, Andrea
ED - Orchard, Phil
ED - Wiener, Antje
T1 - Norm research on conflictive norm relations how norms collide in times of complexity, contestation, and crisis
T2 - Contesting the world
Y1 - 2024
SN - 978-1-00-947917-2
SN - 978-1-009-47916-5
SN - 978-1-009-47914-1
SP - 64
EP - 84
PB - Cambridge University Press
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Franzke, Jochen
A1 - de la Fuente, José M. Ruano
T1 - New Challenges in Local Migrant Integration Policy in Europe
JF - Local Integration of Migrants Policy
N2 - In this introductory chapter, the editors describe the main theoretical basis of analysis of this book and the methodological approach. The core of this book consists of 14 country-specific chapters, which allow a European comparison and show the increasing variance in migration policy approaches within and between European countries. The degree of local autonomy, the level of centralisation and the traditional forms of migration policy are factors that especially influence the possibilities for local authorities to formulate their own integration policies.
KW - Migration
KW - Policy
KW - Integration
KW - Local authorities
KW - Coordination
KW - Civil society
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-030-50978-1
SN - 978-3-030-50979-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_1
SN - 2523-8248
SN - 2523-8256
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hickmann, Thomas
A1 - Elsässer, Joshua Philipp
T1 - New alliances in global environmental governance
BT - how intergovernmental treaty secretariats interact with non-state actors to address transboundary environmental problems
JF - International environmental agreements: politics, law and economics
N2 - The past few years have witnessed a growing interest among scholars and policy-makers in the interplay of international bureaucracies with civil society organizations, non-profit entities, and the private sector. Authors concerned with global environmental politics have made considerable progress in capturing this phenomenon. Nevertheless, we still lack in-depth empirical knowledge on the precise nature of such institutional interlinkages across governance levels and scales. Building upon the concept oforchestration, this article focuses on the relationship between specific types of international bureaucracies and actors other than the nation-state. In particular, we investigate how the secretariats of the three Rio Conventions reach out to non-state actors in order to exert influence on the outcome of international environmental negotiations. Our analysis demonstrates that the three intergovernmental treaty secretariats utilize various styles of orchestration in their relation to non-state actors and seek to push the global responses to the respective transboundary environmental problems forward. This article points to a recent trend towards a direct collaboration between these secretariats and non-state actors which gives rise to the idea that new alliances between these actors are emerging in global environmental governance.
KW - global environmental governance
KW - institutional interplay
KW - intergovernmental treaty secretariats
KW - orchestration
KW - Rio Conventions
KW - non-state actors
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-020-09493-5
SN - 1567-9764
SN - 1573-1553
VL - 20
IS - 3
SP - 459
EP - 481
PB - Springer
CY - Dordrecht [u.a.]
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Mackert, Jürgen
ED - Wolf, Hannah
ED - Turner, Bryan S.
T1 - Neoliberal politics and sociological perspectives
T3 - The condition of democracy
N2 - Democracy and citizenship are conceptually and empirically contested. Against the backdrop of recent and current profound transformations in and of democratic societies, this volume presents and discusses acute contestations, within and beyond national borders and boundaries. Democracy's crucial relationships, between state and citizenry as well as amongst citizens, are rearranged and re-ordered in various spheres and arenas, impacting on core democratic principles such as accountability, legitimacy, participation and trust. This volume addresses these refigurations by bringing together empirical analyses and conceptual considerations regarding the access to and exclusion from citizenship rights in the face of migration regulation and institutional transformation, and the role of violence in maintaining or undermining social order. With its critical reflection on the consequences and repercussions of such processes for citizens' everyday lives and for the meaning of citizenship altogether, this book transgresses disciplinary boundaries and puts into dialogue the perspectives of political theory and sociology
KW - Demokratie
KW - Neoliberalismus
KW - Soziologie
KW - Aufsatzsammlung
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-1-00-040191-2
SN - 978-1-00-315836-3
SN - 978-0-367-74535-6
VL - 1
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Griscom, Bronson W.
A1 - Busch, Jonah
A1 - Cook-Patton, Susan C.
A1 - Ellis, Peter W.
A1 - Funk, Jason
A1 - Leavitt, Sara M.
A1 - Lomax, Guy
A1 - Turner, Will R.
A1 - Chapman, Melissa
A1 - Streck, Charlotte
T1 - National mitigation potential from natural climate solutions in the tropics
JF - Biological sciences
N2 - Better land stewardship is needed to achieve the Paris Agreement's temperature goal, particularly in the tropics, where greenhouse gas emissions from the destruction of ecosystems are largest, and where the potential for additional land carbon storage is greatest. As countries enhance their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement, confusion persists about the potential contribution of better land stewardship to meeting the Agreement's goal to hold global warming below 2 degrees C. We assess cost-effective tropical country-level potential of natural climate solutions (NCS)-protection, improved management and restoration of ecosystems-to deliver climate mitigation linked with sustainable development goals (SDGs). We identify groups of countries with distinctive NCS portfolios, and we explore factors (governance, financial capacity) influencing the feasibility of unlocking national NCS potential. Cost-effective tropical NCS offers globally significant climate mitigation in the coming decades (6.56 Pg CO(2)e yr(-1) at less than 100 US$ per Mg CO(2)e). In half of the tropical countries, cost-effective NCS could mitigate over half of national emissions. In more than a quarter of tropical countries, cost-effective NCS potential is greater than national emissions. We identify countries where, with international financing and political will, NCS can cost-effectively deliver the majority of enhanced NDCs while transforming national economies and contributing to SDGs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions'.
KW - natural climate solutions
KW - climate mitigation
KW - protection
KW - land management
KW - restoration
KW - Paris Agreement
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0126
SN - 0962-8436
SN - 1471-2970
VL - 375
IS - 1794
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - The Royal Society Publishing
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Burkert, Rebecca
T1 - Moving mountains?
BT - Palestinian clain making from
JF - The condition of democracy. - Volume 3 : Postcolonial and settler colonial contexts
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-0-367-74538-7
SN - 978-1-003-15838-7
SP - 110
EP - 127
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Busch, Per-Olof
A1 - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
A1 - Kempken, Mathies
A1 - Liese, Andrea
T1 - Mind the gap?
BT - comparing de facto and de jure expert authority of international public administrations in financial and agricultural policy
JF - Journal of comparative policy analysis : research and practice
N2 - Many authors have argued that International Public Administration can influence policy-making through their expert authority. The article compares de jure and de facto expert authority of IPAs to evaluate their conformity. It comparatively assesses the two kinds of authority for five important IPAs (BIS, FAO, IMF, OECD and World Bank) active in agriculture or financial policy. It shows that, on average, de jure and de facto authority seem to conform. At the same time, it demonstrates that gaps between de jure and de facto authority exist at the level of the IPAs, the policy areas and the IPAs’ addressees
KW - international public administration
KW - comparative
KW - expert authority
KW - de jure authority
KW - de facto authority
KW - international organisations
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2020.1820866
SN - 1387-6988
SN - 1572-5448
VL - 24
IS - 3
SP - 230
EP - 253
PB - Taylor & Francis
CY - London
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Karolewski, Ireneusz Pawel
ED - De Cesari, Chiara
ED - Kaya, Ayhan
T1 - Memory games and populism in postcommunist Poland
T2 - European memory in populism. Representations of self and other. Edited by Chiara de Cesari, Ayhan Kaya
N2 - The chapter explores aspects of ‘memory games’ in postcommunist Poland vis-à-vis the country’s authoritarian communist past. In particular, it is interested in the populist moments of lustration and de-communization, and also after October 2015 when the right-wing Law and Justice party (PiS) won the parliamentary and presidential elections in Poland. The main argument is that even though legitimate considerations of lustration and de-communization play a role, a number of policies dealing with transitional justice are related to populist mobilization by the PiS. Against this background, the chapter discusses how far the transitional justice has been accompanied by the process of reframing the political memory about the guilt, suffering, and righteousness during communism. Populist legitimation aims at reconfiguring the public discourse on the transitional justice in a way that it is used to justify controversial public policies in tune with the interest of the groups currently in power, which present themselves as the true voice of the people. The core of the article deals with three main aspects of Polish memory games: (1) the meandering of lustration (mainly with regard to the position of the PiS/Law and Justice and PO/Civic Platform – the largest Polish political parties since 2005), (2) the lustration as the function of power, and (3) the role of the Institute of National Remembrance as a case of institutionalized memory games.
Y1 - 2020
SN - 978-0-429-45481-3
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429454813
SP - 239
EP - 256
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - London, New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
T1 - Mediating power?
BT - Delegation, pooling and leadership selection at international organisations
JF - The British journal of politics & international relations : BJPIR
N2 - The selection of the executive heads of international organisations represents a key decision in the politics of international organisations. However, we know little about what dynamics influence this selection. The article focuses on the nationality of selected executive heads. It argues that institutional design impacts the factors that influence leadership selection by shaping the costs and benefits of attaining the position for member states’ nationals. The argument is tested with novel data on the nationality of individuals in charge of 69 international organisation bureaucracies between 1970 and 2017. Two findings stand out: first, powerful countries are more able to secure positions in international organisations in which executive heads are voted in by majority voting. Second, less consistent evidence implies that powerful countries secure more positions when bureaucracies are authoritative. The findings have implications for debates on international cooperation by illustrating how power and institutions interact in the selection of international organisation executive heads.
KW - decision-making
KW - delegation
KW - executive head
KW - institutional design
KW - international organisations
KW - pooling
KW - selection
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148121992761
SN - 1467-856X
SN - 1369-1481
VL - 24
IS - 1
SP - 153
EP - 170
PB - Sage
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1 - Seyfried, Markus
A1 - Brajnik, Irena Baclija
T1 - Mayors and administrative reforms
JF - Political Leaders and Changing Local Democracy
N2 - In recent decades, a wave of administrative reforms has changed local governance in many European countries. However, our knowledge about differences as well as similarities between the countries, driving forces, impacts, perceptions, and evaluation of these reforms is still limited. In the chapter, the authors give an overview about mayors’ perceptions and evaluations of two major reform trajectories: (a) re-organisation of local service delivery and (b) internal administrative/managerial reforms. Furthermore, differences between (groups of) countries as well as similarities among them are shown in these two fields of administrative reform. Finally, the authors tried to identify explanatory factors for specific perceptions of administrative reforms at the local level.
KW - New public management
KW - Local administrative systems
KW - Administrative reform
KW - Public-private partnerships
Y1 - 2017
SN - 978-3-319-67410-0
SN - 978-3-319-67409-4
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67410-0_13
SP - 387
EP - 409
PB - Palgrave
CY - Basingstoke
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
A1 - Liese, Andrea
T1 - Managing performance and winning trust
BT - how World Bank staff shape recipient performance
JF - The review of international organizations
N2 - World Bank evaluations show that recipient performance varies substantially between different projects. Extant research has focused on country-level variables when explaining these variations. This article goes beyond country-level explanations and highlights the role of World Bank staff. We extend established arguments in the literature on compliance with the demands of International Organizations (IOs) and hypothesize that IO staff can shape recipient performance in three ways. First, recipient performance may be influenced by the quality of IO staff monitoring and supervision. Second, the leniency and stringency with which IO staff apply the aid agreement could improve recipient performance. Third, recipient performance may depend on whether IO staff can identify and mobilize supportive interlocutors through their networks in the recipient country. We test these arguments by linking a novel database on the tenure of World Bank task team leaders to projects evaluated between 1986 and 2020. The findings are consistent with the expectation that World Bank staff play an important role, but only in investment projects. There is substantial evidence that World Bank staff supervisory ability and country experience are linked to recipient performance in those projects. Less consistent evidence indicates that leniency could matter. These findings imply that World Bank staff play an important role in facilitating implementation of investment projects.
KW - World Bank
KW - International bureaucrats
KW - Recipient performance
KW - Enforcement
KW - Supervision
KW - Country experience
KW - Compliance
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-021-09414-4
SN - 1559-744X
SN - 1559-7431
SP - 625
EP - 653
PB - Springer
CY - Boston
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED - Callanan, Mark
ED - Loughlin, John
T1 - Managerial reforms from a comparative perspective
BT - european subnational governments in the post-new public management era
T2 - A research agenda for regional and local government
N2 - This chapter analyses managerial reforms at the subnational level of government from a comparative perspective and outlines possible routes for future comparative research. It examines reforms of the external relationships between local governments and private service providers, which were aimed at transforming the organizational macro-setting of local service provision, the task portfolio and functional profile of local governments. The chapter then moves to scrutinizing internal managerial reforms concerned with the modernization of organization and processes and the improvement of management capacities inside local administrations meant to strengthen performance, output- and consumer-orientation in local service delivery. The country sample includes the United Kingdom (England), Sweden, and Germany that represent three distinct types of administrative culture and local government in Europe.
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-1-83910-663-7
SN - 978-1-83910-664-4
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839106644.00013
SP - 111
EP - 132
PB - Edward Elgar Publishing
CY - Cheltenham, UK
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Jasser, Greta
A1 - Kelly, Megan
A1 - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin
T1 - Male supremacism and the Hanau terrorist attack
BT - between online misogyny and far-right violence
Y1 - 2020
UR - https://www.icct.nl/publication/male-supremacism-and-hanau-terrorist-attack-between-online-misogyny-and-far-right
PB - International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT)
CY - Den Haag
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fruhstorfer, Anna
A1 - Hudson, Alexander
T1 - Majorities for minorities
BT - Participatory constitution making and the protection of minority rights
JF - Political research quarterly : PRQ ; official journal of Western Political Science Association, Pacific Northwest Political Science Association, Southern California Political Science Association, Northern California Political Science Association
N2 - Does the process of making a constitution affect the expansiveness of rights protections in the constitution? In particular, is more participation in constitution-making processes better for minority rights protections? While the process of constitution making and its impact on various outcomes have received significant attention, little is known about the impact public participation or deliberation in this process has on the scope and content of minority rights. Using a wide variety of data to empirically assess the relationship between constitution-making processes and the protection of rights for minorities, we find a positive relationship between participatory drafting processes and the inclusion of minority protections in constitutions under some conditions. The article's findings have important implications for understanding political representation and lend support to core arguments about the role of the public in constitutional design.
KW - constitution-making
KW - human rights
KW - minority rights
KW - direct democracy
KW - public participation
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912920984246
SN - 1065-9129
SN - 1938-274X
VL - 75
IS - 1
SP - 103
EP - 117
PB - Sage Publ.
CY - Thousand Oaks
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Newman, Abraham
A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha
A1 - Naylor, Tristen
A1 - Regilme, Salvador Santino Fulo Regilme Jr.
A1 - Viola, Lora Anne
ED - Labrosse, Diane
ED - Szarejko, Andrew
ED - Fujii, George
T1 - Lora Anne Viola. The closure of the international system: how institutions create political equalities and hierarchies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. ISBN: 9781108482257 (hardback, $99.99).
JF - H-Diplo roundtable
Y1 - 2022
UR - https://hdiplo.org/to/RT23-49
VL - XXIII
IS - 49
SP - 5
EP - 8
PB - H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online
CY - East Lansing, MI
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Franzke, Jochen
ED - de la Fuente, José M. Ruano
T1 - Local Integration of Migrants Policy
T3 - Palgrave Studies in Sub-National Governance
N2 - This book presents an overview of European migration policy and the various institutional arrangements within and between various actors, such as local councils, local media, local economies, and local civil society initiatives. Both the role of local authorities in this policy field and their cooperation with civil society initiatives or networks are under-explored topics for research. In response, this book provides a range of detailed case studies focusing on the six main groups of national and administrative traditions in Europe: Germanic, Scandinavian, Napoleonic, Southeastern European, Central-Eastern European and Anglo-Saxon.
KW - Migration Policy
KW - Local Governance
KW - Local Civil Society Networks
KW - Sub-national Autonomy
KW - Integration Policy
KW - European Immigration Policies
KW - Comparative Public Administration
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-030-50979-8
SN - 978-3-030-50978-1
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8
SN - 2523-8256
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ganghof, Steffen
T1 - Justifying types of representative democracy
BT - a response
JF - Critical review of international social and political philosophy
N2 - This article responds to critical reflections on my Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism by Sarah Birch, Kevin J. Elliott, Claudia Landwehr and James L. Wilson. It discusses how different types of representative democracy, especially different forms of government (presidential, parliamentary or hybrid), can be justified. It clarifies, among other things, the distinction between procedural and process equality, the strengths of semi-parliamentary government, the potential instability of constitutional designs, and the difference that theories can make in actual processes of constitutional reform.
KW - political equality
KW - semi-parliamentarism
KW - presidentialism
KW - institutional design
KW - executive personalism
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2022.2159665
SN - 1369-8230
SN - 1743-8772
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fleischer, Julia
A1 - Wanckel, Camilla
T1 - Job satisfaction and the digital transformation of the public sector
BT - the mediating role of job autonomy
JF - Review of Public Personnel Administration
N2 - Worldwide, governments have introduced novel information and communication technologies (ICTs) for policy formulation and service delivery, radically changing the working environment of government employees. Following the debate on work stress and particularly on technostress, we argue that the use of ICTs triggers “digital overload” that decreases government employees’ job satisfaction via inhibiting their job autonomy. Contrary to prior research, we consider job autonomy as a consequence rather than a determinant of digital overload, because ICT-use accelerates work routines and interruptions and eventually diminishes employees’ freedom to decide how to work. Based on novel survey data from government employees in Germany, Italy, and Norway, our structural equation modeling (SEM) confirms a significant negative effect of digital overload on job autonomy. More importantly, job autonomy partially mediates the negative relationship between digital overload and job satisfaction, pointing to the importance of studying the micro-foundations of ICT-use in the public sector.
KW - digital transformation
KW - digital overload
KW - job autonomy
KW - job satisfaction
KW - civil service survey
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X221148403
SN - 0734-371X
SN - 1552-759X
PB - Sage
CY - London
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Esguerra, Alejandro
A1 - Helmerich, Nicole
A1 - Risse, Thomas
T1 - Introduction
T2 - Sustainability Politics and Limited Statehood: Contesting the New Modes of Governance
N2 - The Paris Agreement for Climate Change or the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) rely on new modes of governance for implementation. Indeed, new modes of governance such as market-based instruments, public-private partnerships or multi-stakeholder initiatives have been praised for playing a pivotal role in effective and legitimate sustainability governance. Yet, do they also deliver in areas of limited statehood? States such as Malaysia or the Dominican Republic partly lack the ability to implement and enforce rules; their statehood is limited. This introduction provides the analytical framework of this volume and critically examines the performance of new modes of governance in areas of limited statehood, drawing on the book’s in-depth case studies on issues of climate change, biodiversity, and health.
Y1 - 2016
SN - 978-3-319-39871-6
SN - 978-3-319-39870-9
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39871-6_1
SP - 1
EP - 22
PB - Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
CY - Basingstoke
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin
A1 - Shepherd, Laura J.
T1 - Introduction
BT - gender and the governance of terrorism and violent extremism
JF - Critical studies on terrorism
N2 - Several global governance initiatives launched in recent years have explicitly sought to integrate concern for gender equality and gendered harms into efforts to counter terrorism and violent extremism (CT/CVE). As a result, commitments to gender-sensitivity and gender equality in international and regional CT/CVE initiatives, in national action plans, and at the level of civil society programming, have become a common aspect of the multilevel governance of terrorism and violent extremism. In light of these developments, aspects of our own research have turned in the past years to explore how concerns about gender are being incorporated in the governance of (counter-)terrorism and violent extremism, and how this development has affected (gendered) practices and power relations in counterterrorism policymaking and implementation. We were inspired by the growing literature on gender and CT/CVE, and critical scholarship on terrorism and political violence, to bring together a collection of new research addressing these questions.
KW - P/CVE
KW - terrorism
KW - counterterrorism
KW - gender
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2101535
SN - 1753-9153
SN - 1753-9161
VL - 15
IS - 3
SP - 523
EP - 532
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lundgren, Magnus
A1 - Squatrito, Theresa
A1 - Sommerer, Thomas
A1 - Tallberg, Jonas
T1 - Introducing the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD)
JF - The review of international organizations
N2 - There is a growing recognition that international organizations (IOs) formulate and adopt policy in a wide range of areas. IOs have emerged as key venues for states seeking joint solutions to contemporary challenges such as climate change or COVID-19, and to establish frameworks to bolster trade, development, security, and more. In this capacity, IOs produce both extraordinary and routine policy output with a multitude of purposes, ranging from policies of historic significance like admitting new members to the more mundane tasks of administering IO staff. This article introduces the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD), which covers close to 37,000 individual policy acts of 13 multi-issue IOs in the 1980–2015 period. The dataset fills a gap in the growing body of literature on the comparative study of IOs, providing researchers with a fine-grained perspective on the structure of IO policy output and data for comparisons across time, policy areas, and organizations. This article describes the construction and coverage of the dataset and identifies key temporal and cross-sectional patterns revealed by the data. In a concise illustration of the dataset’s utility, we apply models of punctuated equilibria in a comparative study of the relationship between institutional features and broad policy agenda dynamics. Overall, the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset offers a unique resource for researchers to analyze IO policy output in a granular manner and to explore questions of responsiveness, performance, and legitimacy of IOs.
KW - international organizations
KW - policy
KW - policy agendas
KW - decision-making
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-023-09492-6
SN - 1559-7431
SN - 1559-744X
VL - 19
SP - 117
EP - 146
PB - Springer
CY - Boston
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Dörfler, Thomas
ED - Lohmann, Sascha
ED - Vorrath, Judith
T1 - Interface challenges of UN sanctions with forums of export control
BT - towards cohesion and consistency in non-proliferation sanctions?
T2 - International sanctions: improving implementation through better interface management
Y1 - 2021
UR - https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/arbeitspapiere/WP_International_Sanctions.pdf
SP - 23
EP - 31
PB - Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Franzke, Jochen
T1 - Integrating Immigrants: Capacities and Challenges for Local Authorities in Europe
JF - Local Integration of Migrants Policy
N2 - This chapter focuses on the relationship between public opinion on migration and its media coverage. Different explanatory models, including individual characteristics, cultural factors and the impact of media and politics, have been proposed to explain public attitudes towards migrants. Understanding the local context is important, as the shares of migrants living in each region and city vary considerably. Providing correct statistical information, stressing the diversity of current migration patterns in Europe and taking part in media and public discussions are ways in which to impact public attitudes at the local level.
KW - Migration
KW - Media
KW - Public opinion
KW - Eurobarometer
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-030-50978-1
SN - 978-3-030-50979-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_17
SN - 2523-8248
SN - 2523-8256
SP - 311
EP - 333
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1 - Franzke, Jochen
A1 - Peters, Niklas
A1 - Dumas, Benoît Paul
T1 - Institutional designs and dynamics of crisis governance at the local level
BT - European governments facing the polycrisis
JF - Policy design and practice
N2 - This article analyses the institutional design variants of local crisis governance responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and their entanglement with other locally impactful crises from a cross-country comparative perspective (France, Germany, Poland, Sweden, and the UK/England). The pandemic offers an excellent empirical lens for scrutinizing the phenomenon of polycrises governance because it occurred while European countries were struggling with the impacts of several prior, ongoing, or newly arrived crises. Our major focus is on institutional design variants of crisis governance (dependent variable) and the influence of different administrative cultures on it (independent variable). Furthermore, we analyze the entanglement and interaction of institutional responses to other (previous or parallel) crises (polycrisis dynamics). Our findings reveal a huge variance of institutional designs, largely evoked by country-specific administrative cultures and profiles. The degree of de-/centralization and the intensity of coordination or decoupling across levels of government differs significantly by country. Simultaneously, all countries were affected by interrelated and entangled crises, resulting in various patterns of polycrisis dynamics. While policy failures and “fatal remedies” from previous crises have partially impaired the resilience and crisis preparedness of local governments, we have also found some learning effects from previous crises.
KW - polycrisis
KW - pandemic
KW - local government
KW - intergovernmental relations
KW - public administration
KW - crisis management
KW - Germany
KW - France
KW - Poland
KW - Sweden
KW - United Kingdom
Y1 - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2024.2344784
SN - 2574-1292
SP - 1
EP - 21
PB - Taylor & Francis
CY - London
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Teitscheid, Jana
T1 - Information and communication technologies usage and the effects on the human mind
N2 - The digitization has permeated almost all aspects of an individual’s life. In the work context as well as in the private sphere, one readily encounters and relies on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), such as Social Networking Sites (SNS), smartphones and so forth. By communicating with as well as obtaining information via such technologies, ICTs engage one’s mind as interaction happens. This interaction of ICTs and the human mind form the focal topic of this thesis. Within this thesis, the human mind is represented on behalf of a facilitated model comprising a perceptual, a cognitive and a motor subsystem. ICTs represent an external stimulus, which triggers the human mind's perceptual subsystem, the cognitive subsystem and eventually leads to a motoric response via the motor subsystem. The external stimulus causing this event chain is within this thesis an ICT. The digital environment and related ICTs are high attention environments offering large and easily accessible amounts of information. Not surprisingly, issues may arise, when the human mind deals with ICTs. Thus, the interplay between ICTs and the human mind entails downsides. This thesis investigates these downsides and in addition the ICT-based factors that cause these downsides. More specifically, the thesis investigates these two aspects as research questions in the context of SNSs as well as other ICTs (such as smartphones, e-learning etc.). Addressing the research questions, 8 articles are submitted within this thesis which address the topic with different methodologies, including quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods as well as systematic literature reviews. Article 1 investigates factors that lead to SNS fatigue and discontinuance intentions in a mixed-methods design. Article 2 explores if certain factors encountered on a newsfeed hamper sensemaking. Article 3 proposes a study design to explore the link between disorderly perceptions of a SNSs newsfeed and gender stereotype activations. Article 4 considers the interplay between users and algorithms via the newsfeed interface and the implications for relevance perceptions. Article 5 explores information acquisition, hampering factors and verification strategies of social media users. Article 6 systematically reviews addiction scales of various ICTs. Article 7 investigates click behavior in e-learning contexts and how this is linked to cultural and personality traits. Finally, article 8 offers a comprehensive overview of the antecedents and consequences of children’s smartphone usage. Within the specific context of SNSs, the thesis suggests that the cognitive tolls imposed on users’ minds cause adverse effects, such as impaired sensemaking, fatigue, stereotype activation as well as intentions to discontinue the service. Other ICTs lead to addiction, and i.e., smartphones evidence to cause cognitive impairments in children. Factors on the ICT side that promote these adverse effects are linked to specific features, such as the newsfeed for SNSs and entail overload or perceptions of disorder. The thesis adds theoretically to the understanding of downsides that arise from the interplay between human minds and ICTs. Especially, the context of SNSs is spotlighted and insights add to the growing body of literature on experiences and perceptions. For instance, one study’s result suggests that considering information organization is as important as merely decreasing overload perceptions from the users in countering adverse effects of SNS usage. Practically, the thesis emphasizes the importance of mindful interaction with ICTs. Future research is welcome to build on the exploratory investigations and may draw an even more holistic picture to enhance the interaction between ICTs and the human mind.
N2 - Die Digitalisierung hat fast alle Aspekte unseres Lebens durchdrungen. Sowohl im beruflichen als auch im privaten Kontext sind wir auf Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) wie soziale Netzwerke (SNS), Smartphones usw. angewiesen. Während wir mittels solcher Technologien kommunizieren, Informationen erhalten und interagieren, beansprucht die IKT unseren Verstand. Diese Interaktion zwischen den Informationstechnologien und dem menschlichen Verstand als auch deren Auswirkungen ist dabei das zentrale Thema dieser Dissertation. Der menschliche Verstand wird dabei anhand eines vereinfachten Modells dargestellt, das ein wahrnehmendes, ein kognitives und ein motorisches Teilsystem umfasst. Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien stellen einen externen Stimulus dar, der die Wahrnehmung des Verstandes und das kognitive Teilsystem anspricht und schließlich über das motorische Teilsystem zu einer motorischen Reaktion führt. Der externe Stimulus, der diese Ereigniskette auslöst, ist hier als Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie dargestellt. Die digitale Umgebung und die damit verbundenen Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien verlangen schon wegen des hohen Volumens der leicht zugänglichen Informationen ein hohes Maß an Aufmerksamkeit. Die in diesem Zusammenhang möglicherweise auftretenden Probleme sobald der menschliche Verstand mit IKT interagiert, überraschen insofern nicht. Die Wechselwirkung zwischen den IKT und dem menschlichen Verstand kann sich somit zu einem Nachteil auswirken. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht dieses Phänomen und darüber hinaus die IKT-gestützten Faktoren, die diese Nachteile begünstigen. Genauer gesagt stehen diese Untersuchungen im Kontext von SNS sowie anderen IKT (wie Smartphones, E-Learning usw.). Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen werden in dieser Arbeit 8 Artikel vorgelegt, die das Thema mit unterschiedlichen Methoden beleuchten, darunter quantitative, qualitative und gemischte Methoden sowie systematische Literaturübersichten. Artikel 1 untersucht die Faktoren, die zur Ermüdung durch Nutzung von SNS und zu Abbruchabsichten führen, in einem Mixed-Methods-Design. Artikel 2 geht der Frage nach, ob bestimmte Faktoren, auf die man in einer Newsfeed stößt, die Sinnfindung behindern. Artikel 3 schlägt ein Studiendesign vor, um den Zusammenhang zwischen der wahrgenommenen Unordnung auf den Newsfeeds einer SNS und der Aktivierung von Geschlechterstereotypen zu untersuchen. Artikel 4 betrachtet das Zusammenspiel zwischen Nutzern und Algorithmen über die Newsfeed-Schnittstelle und die Auswirkungen auf deren Relevanzwahrnehmung. Artikel 5 untersucht die Informationsbeschaffung, hemmende Faktoren und Überprüfungsstrategien von Nutzern sozialer Medien. Artikel 6 gibt einen systematischen Überblick über Suchtskalen verschiedener Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien. Artikel 7 untersucht das Klickverhalten in E-Learning-Kontexten und wie dieses mit kulturellen Ausprägungen und Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen zusammenhängt. Schließlich bietet der Artikel einen umfassenden Überblick über die begünstigenden Faktoren und Folgen der Smartphone-Nutzung von Kindern. Im spezifischen Kontext von SNSs legt die These nahe, dass die kognitiven Belastungen, die den Nutzern auferlegt werden, negative Auswirkungen haben, wie z.B. eine beeinträchtigte Sinnfindung, Müdigkeit, die Aktivierung von Stereotypen sowie die Absicht, den Service nicht weiter zu nutzen. Andere IKT führen zur Abhängigkeit, und z.B. Smartphones verursachen nachweislich kognitive Beeinträchtigungen bei Kindern. IKT-seitige Faktoren, die diese negativen Auswirkungen begünstigen, sind mit spezifischen Merkmalen verbunden, wie z.B. dem Newsfeed der SNS und machen sich durch Überlastung oder wahrgenommener Unordnung bemerkbar. Die Dissertation trägt theoretisch zum Verständnis der aufgezeigten Nachteile bei, die sich aus dem Zusammenspiel zwischen dem menschlichen Verstand und den IKT ergeben. Insbesondere wird der Kontext der SNS beleuchtet, und die Erkenntnisse ergänzen die sich erweiternde Literatur über Erfahrungen und Wahrnehmungen. In der Praxis unterstreicht die Arbeit die Bedeutung eines achtsamen Umgangs mit IKT. Ich begrüße zukünftige Forschung, die auf den explorativen Untersuchungen aufbaut, um ein noch ganzheitlicheres Bild zu zeichnen: Langfristig trägt diese hoffentlich zur Verbesserung der Interaktion zwischen IKT und dem menschlichen Verstand bei.
KW - information and communication technologies
KW - social networking sites
KW - human mind
KW - newsfeed
Y1 - 2023
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Borgnäs, Kajsa
T1 - Indicators as ‘circular argumentation constructs’?
BT - an input–output analysis of the variable structure of five environmental sustainability country rankings
JF - Environment, Development and Sustainability
N2 - This paper is concerned with the normative underpinnings of popular sustainability indicators and country rankings. Attempts to quantify national sustainability in the form of composite indicators and rankings have increased rapidly over past decades. However, questions regarding validity and interpretability remain. This article combines theoretical and statistical tools to explore how input variables in five popular sustainability indicators can be related to different theoretical paradigms: weak and strong sustainability. It is shown that differences in theoretical interpretations affect input variable selection, which in turn affects indicator output. This points towards the risk of indicators becoming a sort of ‘circular argumentation construct’. The article argues that sustainability indicators and country rankings must be treated as theoretical just as much as statistical instruments. It is proposed that making underlying normative assumptions explicit, and making input variable selection more clear in a theoretical sense, can enhance indicator validity and usability for policy makers and researchers alike.
KW - Sustainability indicators
KW - Rankings
KW - Weak and strong sustainability
KW - Measurement theory
KW - Circular argumentation
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9764-0
SN - 1387-585X
SN - 1573-2975
VL - 19
SP - 769
EP - 790
PB - Springer
CY - Dordrecht
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha
A1 - Dijkstra, Hylke
T1 - Immune to COVID?
BT - the striking resilience of international organisations
Y1 - 2021
UR - http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/covid19/2021/07/13/immune-to-covid-the-striking-resilience-of-international-organisations/
PB - London School of Economics and Political Science
CY - London
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Botsch, Gideon
ED - Dafinger, Johannes
ED - Florin, Moritz
T1 - Identifying extreme-right terrorism
BT - concepts and misconceptions
T2 - A transnational history of right-wing terrorism
N2 - Extreme-right terrorism is a threat that is often underestimated by the public at large. As this paper argues, this is partly due to a concept of terrorism utilized by policymakers, intelligence agents, and police investigators that is based on experience of international terrorism perpetrated by leftists or jihadists as opposed to domestic extreme-right violence. This was one reason why investigators failed to identify the crimes committed by the National Socialist Underground (NSU) in Germany (2000–2011) as extreme-right terrorism, for example. While scholarly debate focused on the Red Army Faction and Al Qaeda, terrorist tendencies among those perpetrating racist and extreme-right violence tended to be disregarded. Influential researchers in the field of “extremism” denied that terrorist acts were committed by right-wingers. By mapping the specifics regarding the strategic use of violence, target selection, addressing of different audiences etc., this paper proposes a more accurate definition of extreme-right terrorism. In comparing it to other forms of terrorism, extreme-right terrorism is distinguished by its specific framework of ideologies and practices, with the underlying idea of an essential inequality that is compensated for through the affirmation of violence. It can be differentiated from other forms of extreme-right violence based on its use of strategic, premeditated and planned attacks against targets of a symbolic nature.
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-1-003-10525-1
SN - 978-0-367-61210-8
SN - 978-0-367-61336-5
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003105251-17
SP - 241
EP - 257
PB - Routledge
CY - London ; New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tanneberg, Dag
T1 - How to measure dictatorship, dissent, and political repression
JF - The politics of repression under authoritarian rule
N2 - This chapter operationalizes the three fundamental concepts of this study. It outlines what counts as authoritarian rule, it explains how to recognize dissent in non-democratic contexts, and it debates how to quantify repression in the shadow of the politicized discourse on human rights. First, the chapter opts to classify every political regime as authoritarian that fails to elect its executive or legislature in free and competitive elections. Second, the chapter proposes to see dissent through the lens of campaigns, i.e., series of connected contentious events that involve large-scale collective action and formulate far-reaching political demands. Finally, after some elaboration on the problems involved in measuring political repression reliably and validly, the chapter turns to rescaled versions of the Human Rights Protection Scores 2.04 and the V-Dem 6.2 political civil liberties index as indicators for violence and restrictions. This choice of indicators of repression is, finally, defended against three central objections: the separability of violence from restrictions, the so-called information paradox, and, finally, differences in the timing of violence and restrictions.
Y1 - 2020
SN - 978-3-030-35477-0
SN - 978-3-030-35476-3
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35477-0_3
SN - 2198-7289
SP - 43
EP - 75
PB - Springer
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Krause, Werner
A1 - Gahn, Christina
T1 - How powerful are polls in influencing election outcomes?
T2 - The LOOP : ECPR's Political Science Blog
N2 - Werner Krause and Christina Gahn argue that we need to pay more attention to how the media communicates the results of opinion polls to the public. Reporting methodological details, such as margins of error, can alter citizens’ vote choices on election day. This has important implications for elections around the world
KW - elections
KW - margins of error
KW - opinion polls
KW - ÖVP
KW - politics and the media
KW - polling
KW - Sebastian Kurz
KW - voters
KW - voting
Y1 - 2024
UR - https://theloop.ecpr.eu/how-powerful-are-polls-in-influencing-election-outcomes/
PB - European Consortium for Political Research
CY - Colchester
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Pruin, Andree
ED - Randma-Liiv, Tiina
ED - Lember, Veiko
T1 - How organizational factors shape e-participation
BT - lessons from the German one-stop participation portal meinBerlin
T2 - Engaging citizens in policy making : e-participation practices in Europe
Y1 - 2022
SN - 9781800374362
SN - 9781800374355
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800374362.00022
SP - 209
EP - 224
PB - Edward Elgar Publishing
CY - Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heinzel, Mirko
A1 - Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias
T1 - Harmful side effects
BT - how government restrictions against transnational civil society affect global health
JF - British journal of political science
N2 - Governments have increasingly adopted laws restricting the activities of international non-governmental organizations INGOs within their borders. Such laws are often intended to curb the ability of critical INGOs to discover and communicate government failures and abuses to domestic and international audiences. They can also have the unintended effect of reducing the presence and activities of INGOs working on health issues, and depriving local health workers and organizations of access to resources, knowledge and other forms of support. This study assesses whether legislative restrictions on INGOs are associated with fewer health INGOs in a wide range of countries and with the ability of those countries to mitigate disability-adjusted life years lost because of twenty-one disease categories between 1993 and 2017. The findings indicate that restrictive legislation hampered efforts by civil society to lighten the global burden of disease and had adverse side effects on the health of citizens worldwide.
KW - international non-governmental organizations
KW - INGOs
KW - restrictions to civil society
KW - closing civic space
KW - authoritarianism
KW - health services
KW - global health
KW - burden of disease
KW - disability-adjusted life years
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123422000564
SN - 0007-1234
SN - 1469-2112
VL - 53
IS - 4
SP - 1293
EP - 1310
PB - Cambridge University Press
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dörfler, Thomas
A1 - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
T1 - Greening global governance
BT - INGO secretariats and environmental mainstreaming of IOs, 1950 to 2017
JF - The review of international organizations
N2 - The last decades have seen a remarkable expansion in the number of International Organizations (IOs) that have mainstreamed environmental issues into their policy scope—in many cases due to the pressure of civil society. We hypothesize that International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs), whose headquarters are in proximity to the headquarters of IOs, are more likely to affect IOs' expansion into the environmental domain. We test this explanation by utilizing a novel dataset on the strength of environmental global civil society in proximity to the headquarters of 76 IOs between 1950 and 2017. Three findings stand out. First, the more environmental INGOs have their secretariat in proximity to the headquarter of an IO, the more likely the IO mainstreams environmental policy. Second, proximate INGOs’ contribution increases when they can rely on domestically focused NGOs in member states. Third, a pathway case reveals that proximate INGOs played an essential role in inside lobbying, outside lobbying and information provision during the campaign to mainstream environmental issues at the World Bank. However, their efforts relied to a substantial extent on the work of local NGOs on the ground.
KW - international organizations
KW - environmental mainstreaming
KW - international non-governmental organizations
KW - policy scope
KW - geographical proximity
KW - world bank
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-022-09462-4
SN - 1559-7431
SN - 1559-744X
VL - 18
IS - 1
SP - 117
EP - 143
PB - Springer
CY - Boston
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Quitzow, Rainer
A1 - Bersalli, Germán
A1 - Lilliestam, Johan
A1 - Prontera, Andrea
ED - Rayner, Tim
ED - Szulecki, Kacper
ED - Jordan, Andrew J.
ED - Oberthür, Sebastian
T1 - Green recovery
BT - catalyst for an enhanced EU role in climate and energy policy?
T2 - Handbook on European Union Climate Change Policy and Politics
N2 - This chapter reviews how the European Union has fared in enabling a green recovery in the aftermath of the Covid-19 crisis, drawing comparisons to developments after the financial crisis. The chapter focuses on the European Commission and its evolving role in promoting decarbonisation efforts in its Member States, paying particular attention to its role in financing investments in low-carbon assets. It considers both the direct effects of green stimulus policies on decarbonisation in the EU and how these actions have shaped the capacities of the Commission as an actor in the field of climate and energy policy. The analysis reveals a significant expansion of the Commission’s role compared to the period following the financial crisis. EU-level measures have provided incentives for Member States to direct large volumes of financing towards investments in climate-friendly assets. Nevertheless, the ultimate impact will largely be shaped by implementation at the national level.
KW - European Union
KW - green recovery
KW - climate finance
KW - European Green Deal
KW - just transition
Y1 - 2023
SN - 978-1-78990-698-1
SN - 978-1-78990-697-4
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789906981.00039
SP - 351
EP - 366
PB - Edward Elgar Publishing
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Campos de Andrade, André Luiz
T1 - Governing climate change in Brazil
T1 - Steuerung des Klimawandels in Brasilien
BT - a governance gap analysis of selected cases
BT - eine Analyse von Governance-Lücken an ausgewählten Fällen
N2 - Enacted in 2009, the National Policy on Climate Change (PNMC) is a milestone in the institutionalisation of climate action in Brazil. It sets greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets and a set of principles and directives that are intended to lay the foundations for a cross-sectoral and multilevel climate policy in the country. However, after more than a decade since its establishment, the PNMC has experienced several obstacles related to its governance, such as coordination, planning and implementation issues. All of these issues pose threats to the effectiveness of GHG mitigation actions in the country.
By looking at the intragovernmental and intergovernmental relationships that have taken place during the lifetime of the PNMC and its sectoral plans on agriculture (the Sectoral Plan for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change for the Consolidation of a Low-Carbon Economy in Agriculture [ABC Plan]), transport and urban mobility (the Sectoral Plan for Transportation and Urban Mobility for Mitigation and Adaption of Climate Change [PSTM]), this exploratory qualitative research investigates the Brazilian climate change governance guided by the following relevant questions: how are climate policy arrangements organised and coordinated among governmental actors to mitigate GHG emissions in Brazil? What might be the reasons behind how such arrangements are established? What are the predominant governance gaps of the different GHG mitigation actions examined? Why do these governance gaps occur?
Theoretically grounded in the literature on multilevel governance and coordination of public policies, this study employs a novel analytical framework that aims to identify and discuss the occurrence of four types of governance gaps (i.e. politics, institutions and processes, resources and information) in the three GHG mitigation actions (cases) examined (i.e. the PNMC, ABC Plan and PSTM). The research results are twofold. First, they reveal that Brazil has struggled to organise and coordinate governmental actors from different policy constituencies and different levels of government in the implementation of the GHG mitigation actions examined. Moreover, climate policymaking has mostly been influenced by the Ministry of Environment (MMA) overlooking the multilevel and cross-sectoral approaches required for a country’s climate policy to mitigate and adapt to climate change, especially if it is considered an economy-wide Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), as the Brazilian one is.
Second, the study identifies a greater manifestation of gaps in politics (e.g. lack of political will in supporting climate action), institutions and processes (e.g. failures in the design of institutions and policy instruments, coordination and monitoring flaws, and difficulties in building climate federalism) in all cases studied. It also identifies that there have been important advances in the production of data and information for decision-making and, to a lesser extent, in the allocation of technical and financial resources in the cases studied; however, it is necessary to highlight the limitation of these improvements due to turf wars, a low willingness to share information among federal government players, a reduced volume of financial resources and an unequal distribution of capacities among the federal ministries and among the three levels of government.
A relevant finding is that these gaps tend to be explained by a combination of general and sectoral set aspects. Regarding the general aspects, which are common to all cases examined, the following can be mentioned: i) unbalanced policy capabilities existing among the different levels of government, ii) a limited (bureaucratic) practice to produce a positive coordination mode within cross-sectoral policies, iii) the socioeconomic inequalities that affect the way different governments and economic sectors perceive the climate issue (selective perception) and iv) the reduced dialogue between national and subnational governments on the climate agenda (poor climate federalism). The following sectoral aspects can be mentioned: i) the presence of path dependencies that make the adoption of transformative actions harder and ii) the absence of perceived co-benefits that the climate agenda can bring to each economic sector (e.g. reputational gains, climate protection and access to climate financial markets).
By addressing the theoretical and practical implications of the results, this research provides key insights to tackle the governance gaps identified and to help Brazil pave the way to achieving its NDCs and net-zero targets. At the theoretical level, this research and the current country’s GHG emissions profile suggest that the Brazilian climate policy is embedded in a cross-sectoral and multilevel arena, which requires the effective involvement of different levels of political and bureaucratic powers and the consideration of the country’s socioeconomic differences. Thus, the research argues that future improvements of the Brazilian climate policy and its governance setting must frame climate policy as an economic development agenda, the ramifications of which go beyond the environmental sector. An initial consequence of this new perspective may be a shift in the political and technical leadership from the MMA to the institutions of the centre of government (Executive Office of the President of Brazil) and those in charge of the country’s economic policy (Ministry of Economy). This change could provide greater capacity for coordination, integration and enforcement as well as for addressing certain expected gaps (e.g. financial and technical resources). It could also lead to greater political prioritisation of the agenda at the highest levels of government. Moreover, this shift of the institutional locus could contribute to greater harmonisation between domestic development priorities and international climate politics. Finally, the research also suggests that this approach would reduce bureaucratic elitism currently in place due to climate policy being managed by Brazilian governmental institutions, which is still a theme of a few ministries and a reason for the occurrence of turf wars.
N2 - Das 2009 verabschiedete nationale Klimagesetz (PNMC) war ein Meilenstein für die Institutionalisierung von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen in Brasilien. Es legt die Ziele für die Reduzierung der Treibhausgasemissionen (THG) sowie eine Reihe von Grundsätzen und Richtlinien fest, die die Grundlage für eine sektorübergreifende und mehrstufige Klimapolitik im Land bilden. Mehr als ein Jahrzehnt nach seiner in Kraftsetzung stößt das PNMC jedoch auf verschiedene Hindernisse in Zusammenhang mit seiner Ausführung, wie z. B. die Koordination, Planung und Umsetzung. All diese Probleme gefährden fortwährend die Wirksamkeit der Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der Treibhausgasemissionen im Land.
Durch die Untersuchung der inner- und zwischenstaatlichen Beziehungen, die seit des Bestehens des PNMC und den damit einhergehenden Sektorplänen für Landwirtschaft (Sektorplan zur Minderung und Anpassung an den Klimawandel für die Konsolidierung einer kohlenstoffarmen Wirtschaft in der Landwirtschaft - ABC-Plan)und für Verkehr und urbane Mobilität (Sektorplan für den Verkehr und die urbane Mobilität zur Minderung und Anpassung an den Klimawandel - PSTM) , untersucht die vorliegende explorative qualitative Forschung die Governance der brasilianischen Klimapolitik anhand der folgenden relevanten Fragestellungen: Wie sind die klimapolitischen Maßnahmen zur Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen in Brasilien organisiert und zwischen den staatlichen Akteuren koordiniert? Was könnten die Gründe für die Art und Weise der gewählten Organisationsform sein? Was sind die vorherrschenden Governance-Lücken bei den untersuchten THG-Minderungsmaßnahmen? Was sind die Gründe für die Entstehung dieser Lücken?
Auf der theoretischen Grundlage der Literatur über Multi-Level-Governance und über die Koordinierung öffentlicher Maßnahmen wird in dieser Studie ein neuartiger analytischer Rahmen verwendet, der darauf abzielt, das Auftreten von vier Arten von Governance-Lücken (Politik, Institutionen & Prozesse, Ressourcen und Informationen) in den drei untersuchten THG-Minderungsmaßnahmenbündeln (PNMC, ABC-Plan und PSTM) zu identifizieren und zu diskutieren. Dabei konnten im Ergebnis zwei wesentliche Governance-Lücken identifiziert werden.
Erstens zeigt die Studie, dass sich Brasilien schwer tut, Regierungsakteure aus verschiedenen Politikbereichen und von verschiedenen Regierungsebenen zu organisieren und zu koordinieren, um die betrachteten THG-Minderungsmaßnahmen umzusetzen. Gleichzeitig wird die Klimapolitik hauptsächlich vom Umweltministerium (MMA) gestaltet, das die für eine Klimapolitik erforderlichen Mehrebenen- und sektorübergreifenden Ansätze zur Minderung und Anpassung s Landes an den Klimawandel vernachlässigt, insbesondere da es sich - wie in Brasilien - um einen wirtschaftübergreifendes (economy wide), national festgelegten Beitrag (NDC) handelt.
Zweitens stellt die Studie fest, dass sich in allen untersuchten Fällen immer größer werdende Lücken in der Politik (z. B. mangelnder politischer Wille zur Unterstützung von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen), in den Institutionen und Prozessen (z. B. Versäumnisse beim Design von Institutionen und politischen Instrumenten; Koordinierungs- und Überwachungsmängel; Schwierigkeiten beim Aufbau eines „Klimaföderalismus“) zu beobachten sind. Gleichwohl zeigen die Erkenntnisse aus den untersuchten Fällen, dass es auch wichtige Fortschritte bei der Erhebung von Daten und Informationen für eine Entscheidungsfindung und - in geringerem Maße - bei der Zuweisung technischer und finanzieller Ressourcen gegeben hat. Dennoch ist es notwendig, die Begrenztheit dieser Verbesserungen zu benennen, die auf Kompetenzstreitigkeiten, eine geringe Bereitschaft zum Informationsaustausch zwischen den Akteuren der Bundesregierung, ein geringes Volumen an finanziellen Ressourcen und eine ungleiche Verteilung der Personalkapazitäten zwischen den Bundesministerien und zwischen den drei Regierungsebenen zurückzuführen sind.
Eine wesentliche Erkenntnis der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, dass die zuvor beschriebenen Lücken vorwiegend durch eine Kombination von allgemeinen und sektoralen Aspekten zu erklären sind. Zu den allgemeinen Aspekten, die in allen untersuchten Fällen identifiziert wurden, gehören: i) unausgewogene politische Kapazitäten zwischen den verschiedenen Regierungsebenen; ii) eine mangelnde Verwaltungspraxis zur Schaffung eines positiven Koordinationsmodus innerhalb sektorübergreifender Politiken; iii) die sozioökonomischen Ungleichheiten, die sich auf die Art und Weise auswirken, wie verschiedene Regierungen und Wirtschaftssektoren das Klimaproblem wahrnehmen (selektive Wahrnehmung); iv) der eingeschränkte Dialog zwischen nationalen und subnationalen Regierungsebenen über die Klimaagenda (schwacher „Klimaföderalismus“). Als sektorale Aspekte können genannt werden: i) das Vorhandensein von Pfadabhängigkeiten, die die Befürwortung von transformativen Maßnahmen erschweren; und ii) der (unzureichend) wahrgenommene Zusatznutzen, den die Klimaagenda jedem Wirtschaftssektor bringen kann (z. B. Reputationsgewinn, Klimaschutz, Zugang zu Klima-Finanzmärkten).
Indem die Forschungsarbeit die theoretischen und praktischen Implikationen der Ergebnisse anspricht, liefert sie wichtige Erkenntnisse, um die identifizierten Governance-Lücken zu schließen und Brasilien dabei zu helfen, den Weg zur Erreichung seiner NDCs und Netto-Null-Ziele zu gestalten. Auf theoretischer Ebene und vor dem Hintergrund des aktuellen Treibhausgasemissionsprofils des Landes empfiehlt die vorliegende Arbeit, dass die brasilianische Klimapolitik als eine sektorübergreifende und vielschichtige politische Agenda implementiert wird, die eine effektive Beteiligung verschiedener politischer und Verwaltungs- Ebenen sowie eine Berücksichtigung der sozioökonomischen Unterschiede des Landes erfordert. Daher argumentiert die Studie, dass künftige Verbesserungen der brasilianischen Klimapolitik und ihrer Rahmenbedingungen, die Klimapolitik als eine wirtschaftliche Entwicklungsagenda verstehen müssen, deren Auswirkungen über den Umweltsektor hinausgehen. Eine erste Konsequenz dieser neuen Perspektive ist eine Verlagerung der politischen und technischen Führung vom MMA zu den Institutionen des Regierungszentrums (Casa Civil) und der Wirtschaftspolitik des Landes (Wirtschaftsministerium). Dieser Wechsel könnte größere Kapazitäten für die Koordinierung, Integration und den Vollzug, sowie für die Schließung bestimmter erwarteter Lücken (z. B. finanzielle und technische Ressourcen) schaffen. Sie könnte auch zu einer stärkeren politischen Priorisierung der Agenda auf den höchsten Regierungsebenen führen. Außerdem könnte diese Veränderung der institutionellen Verankerung zu einer stärkeren Harmonisierung zwischen den nationalen Entwicklungsprioritäten und der internationalen Klimapolitik beitragen. Schließlich deutet die Untersuchung auch darauf hin, dass dieser Ansatz die bisherige verwaltungstechnische Zentralisierung reduzieren würde, da die Umsetzung der Klimapolitik in den brasilianischen Regierungsinstitutionen immer noch ein Thema einiger weniger Ministerien ist und mit Ressortstreitigkeiten einhergeht.
KW - climate governance
KW - climate policy
KW - Brazil
KW - climate change
KW - Brasilien
KW - Klimawandel
KW - Klimagovernance
KW - Klimapolitik
Y1 - 2023
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-587336
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dijkstra, Hylke
A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha
A1 - Heinkelmann-Wild, Tim
T1 - Governance abhors a vacuum
BT - the afterlives of major international organisations
JF - The British journal of politics & international relations
N2 - International organisations have become increasingly contested resulting in worries about their decline and termination. While international organisation termination is indeed a regular event in international relations, this article shows that other institutions carry the legacy of terminated international organisations. We develop the novel concept of international organisation afterlife and suggest indicators to systematically assess it. Our analysis of 26 major terminated international organisations reveals legal-institutional and asset continuity in 21 cases. To further illustrate this point, the article zooms in on the afterlife of the International Institute of Agriculture in the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Refugee Organization in the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the Western European Union in the European Union. In these three cases, international organisation afterlife inspired and structured the design of their successor institutions. While specific international organisations might be terminated, international cooperation therefore often lives on in other institutions.
KW - death
KW - institutional theory
KW - international organisations
KW - termination
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/13691481231202642
SN - 1369-1481
SN - 1467-856X
PB - Sage
CY - London
ER -