TY - JOUR A1 - van Helden, Jan A1 - Reichard, Christoph T1 - Management control and public sector performance management JF - Baltic Journal of Management N2 - Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether and how evolving ideas about management control (MC) emerge in research about public sector performance management (PSPM). Design/methodology/approach This is a literature review on PSPM research through using a set of key terms derived from a review of recent developments in MC. Findings MC research, originating in the management accounting discipline, is largely disconnected from PSPM research as part of public administration and public management disciplines. Overlaps between MC and PSPM research are visible in a cybernetic control approach, control variety and contingency-based reasoning. Both academic communities share an understanding of certain issues, although under diverging labels, especially enabling controls or, in a more general sense, usable performance controls, horizontal controls and control packaging. Specific MC concepts are valuable for future PSPM research, i.e. trust as a complement of performance-based controls in complex settings, and strategy as a variable in contingency-based studies. Research limitations/implications Breaking the boundaries between two currently remote research disciplines, on the one hand, might dismantle “would-be” innovations in one of these disciplines, and, on the other hand, may provide a fertile soil for mutual transfer of knowledge. A limitation of the authors’ review of PSPM research is that it may insufficiently cover research published in the public sector accounting journals, which could be an outlet for MC-inspired PSPM research. Originality/value The paper unravels the “apparent” and “real” differences between MC and PSPM research, and, in doing so, takes the detected “real” differences as a starting point for discussing in what ways PSPM research can benefit from MC achievements. KW - Public sector KW - Performance management KW - Management control Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-01-2018-0021 SN - 1746-5265 SN - 1746-5273 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 158 EP - 176 PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dörfler, Thomas T1 - Die Sanktionsausschüsse zwischen Macht und Regeln T1 - Sanctions Committees Caught between Power and Rules JF - Vereinte Nationen : Zeitschrift für die Vereinten Nationen und ihre Sonderorganisationen N2 - Sanktionen sind ein wichtiges Instrument des UN-Sicherheitsrats zur Erhaltung des Weltfriedens. Viele zentrale Entscheidungen, wie etwa die Listung und Entlistung terrorverdächtiger Personen, werden fernab der Öffentlichkeit in Sanktionsausschüssen getroffen. Die Einsetzung dieser Ausschüsse hat die Entscheidungsdynamiken im Rat erheblich verändert. N2 - Sanctions are an important instrument of the United Nations Security Council to maintain international peace and security. The Council, however, transfers many decisions, such as the listing and delisting of individuals suspected of supporting terrorism, to its subsidiary sanctions committees, mostly beyond public scrutiny. The article explores, how the creation of sanctions committees has changed decision-making dynamics, how committee members can be committed to rules and what this might imply for Germany’s future role on the Council. KW - Al-Qaida KW - Iran KW - Sanktionen KW - Sicherheitsrat KW - Sudan KW - UN Security Council KW - Terrorismus KW - sanctions committee Y1 - 2018 SN - 0042-384X SN - 2366-6773 VL - 66 IS - 2 SP - 62 EP - 66 PB - BWV CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seyfried, Markus A1 - Ansmann, Moritz T1 - Unfreezing higher education institutions? BT - understanding the introduction of quality management in teaching and learning in Germany JF - Higher Education N2 - Quality management (QM) in teaching and learning has strongly “infected” the higher education sector and spread around the world. It has almost everywhere become an integral part of higher education reforms. While existing research on QM mainly focuses on the national level from a macro-perspective, its introduction at the institutional level is only rarely analyzed. The present article addresses this research gap. Coming from the perspective of organization studies, it examines the factors that were crucial for the introduction of QM at higher education institutions in Germany. As the introduction of QM can be considered to be a process of organizational change, the article refers to Kurt Lewin’s seminal concept of “unfreezing” organizations as a theoretical starting point. Methodologically, a mixed methods approach is applied by combining qualitative data derived from interviews with institutional quality managers and quantitative data gathered from a nationwide survey. The results show that the introduction of QM is initiated by either internal or external processes. Furthermore, some institutions follow a rather voluntary approach of unfreezing, while others show modes of forced unfreezing. Consequently, the way how QM was introduced has important implications for its implementation. KW - Quality management KW - Organizational change KW - Higher education KW - Mixed methods Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0185-2 SN - 0018-1560 SN - 1573-174X VL - 75 IS - 6 SP - 1061 EP - 1076 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Peter T1 - Market failure vs. system failure as a rationale for economic policy? BT - A critique from an evolutionary perspective JF - Journal of Evolutionary Economics N2 - This paper reconsiders the explanation of economic policy from an evolutionary economics perspective. It contrasts the neoclassical equilibrium notions of market and government failure with the dominant evolutionary neo-Schumpeterian and Austrian-Hayekian perceptions. Based on this comparison, the paper criticizes the fact that neoclassical reasoning still prevails in non-equilibrium evolutionary economics when economic policy issues are examined. This is more than surprising, since proponents of evolutionary economics usually view their approach as incompatible with its neoclassical counterpart. In addition, it is shown that this "fallacy of failure thinking" even finds its continuation in the alternative concept of "system failure" with which some evolutionary economists try to explain and legitimate policy interventions in local, regional or national innovation systems. The paper argues that in order to prevent the otherwise fruitful and more realistic evolutionary approach from undermining its own criticism of neoclassical economics and to create a consistent as well as objective evolutionary policy framework, it is necessary to eliminate the equilibrium spirit. Finally, the paper delivers an alternative evolutionary explanation of economic policy which is able to overcome the theory-immanent contradiction of the hitherto evolutionary view on this subject. KW - Market failure KW - System failure KW - Economic policy KW - Policy advice KW - Evolutionary economics KW - Non-equilibrium economics Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-018-0564-6 SN - 0936-9937 SN - 1432-1386 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 785 EP - 803 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yilmaz, Zafer T1 - Revising the culture of political protest after the gezi uprising in Turkey BT - radical imagination, affirmative resistance, and the new politics of desire and dignity JF - Mediterranean Quarterly N2 - The Gezi uprising can be considered a crucial turning in Turkish politics. As a response to countrywide democratic protests, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) government revived the security state, escalated authoritarian tendencies, and started to organize a nationalist, Islamist, and conservative backlash. This essay argues that the Gezi Park protests revealed both the fragility of the AKP's hegemony and the limits of the dominant political group habitus, which were promoted by the party to consolidate political polarization in favor of the party's hegemony. Moreover, it is argued that the Gezi uprising transformed the culture of political protests in the country and paved the way for the emergence of affirmative resistance, radical imagination, and a new politics of desire and dignity against authoritarian and neoliberal policies. KW - Erdogan KW - Turkish politics KW - democracy KW - authoritarianism KW - AKP Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-7003168 SN - 1047-4552 SN - 1527-1935 VL - 29 IS - 3 SP - 55 EP - 77 PB - Duke Univ. Press CY - Durham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wenzel, Bertolt T1 - Rational instrument or symbolic signal? BT - Explaining coordination structures in the Directorate-General for Fisheries and Maritime Affairs of the European Commission JF - Public Policy and Administration N2 - This article examines the reorganization of formal coordination structures in the Directorate-General for Fisheries and Maritime Affairs of the European Commission. While rational approaches in organization theory emphasize functional efficiency as an explanation for organizational design and coordination structures, the findings of this study indicate that the reorganization was not driven primarily for reasons of efficiency and to increase the coordination capacity of the organization. The study demonstrates that, even in a highly technical policy area such as fisheries management in the European Union, the (re-)design of formal organizational structures does not follow primarily a technical-instrumental rationale. Instead, the formal coordination structures have also been adapted to live up to changing expectations in the institutional environment, to modern management concepts in marine governance, and to ensure the legitimacy of the organization. However, although the empirical findings of this study substantiate the theoretical assumptions of an institutional perspective, institutional explanations alone are insufficient to comprehensively understand why organizational structures are reorganized and changed. KW - Coordination structures KW - European Commission KW - fisheries policy KW - marine governance KW - organizational reform KW - organization theory Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076716683764 SN - 0952-0767 SN - 1749-4192 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 149 EP - 169 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sorge, Arndt A1 - Streeck, Wolfgang T1 - Diversified quality production revisited BT - its contribution to German socio-economic performance over time JF - Socio-economic review N2 - We revisit the concept of Diversified Quality Production (DQP), which we introduced about 30 years ago. Our purpose is to examine the extent to which the concept can still be considered tenable for describing and explaining the development of the interaction between the political economy and concepts of production, notably in Germany. First, we show why and in which ways DQP was more heterogeneous than we had originally understood. Then, on the basis of evidence with respect to political, business, and economic changes in Germany, we show that DQP Mark I, a regime by and large characteristic of the 1980s, turned into DQP Mark II. In the process, major ‘complementarities’ disappeared between the late 1980s and now—mainly the complementarity between production modes on the one hand and industrial relations and economic regulation on the other. While the latter exhibit greater change, business strategies and production organization show more continuity, which helps explain how Germany maintained economic performance after the mid-2000s, more than other countries in Europe. Conceptually, our most important result is that the complementarities emphasized in political economy are historically relative and limited, so that they should not be postulated as stable configurations. KW - production concepts KW - manufacturing KW - diversified quality production KW - industrial organization KW - industrial relations KW - industrial restructuring KW - globalization KW - skills KW - Germany Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwy022 SN - 1475-1461 SN - 1475-147X VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 587 EP - 612 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nuesiri, Emmanuel O. T1 - Strengths and Limitations of Conservation NGOs in Meeting Local Needs JF - the Anthropology of Conservation NGOS N2 - Conservation nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) are often involved in the design and implementation of global forest management initiatives such as the REDD+, which currently is being rolled out by the UNFCCC, the UN-REDD Programme and the World Bank as part of efforts to mitigate climate change. Nigeria joined the UN-REDD in 2010 and submitted its REDD+ readiness proposal in 2011. The proposal has a national component and subnational forestry activities in the Cross River State (CRS) as the pilot site. This chapter examines the involvement of local NGOs in the CRS consultative participatory meetings to validate the Nigeria-REDD proposal. It shows that political representation of local communities in the validation exercise was through customary authorities and NGOs who claim to speak for and are recognised as advocates for the communities. Local government authorities, the substantive political representatives of local communities were left out of the process. The chapter also shows how the CRS Forestry Commission, which organised the validation exercise, used NGOs as pawns to legitimise it, and how these NGOs were powerless to challenge the Forestry Commission. In contrast, local governments, the third tier of government and political authority routinely disrespected by state-level administrators, regularly challenge such higher level government actors in the courts and the national legislature. Thus, local NGOs may speak and work for local social development but compared to the substantive political representatives at the local level (e.g., local government authorities), local NGOs have limited resources to challenge the political shenanigans of the state. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-60579-1 SN - 978-3-319-60578-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60579-1_8 SP - 203 EP - 225 PB - Palgrave CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hustedt, Thurid T1 - Germany: the smooth and silent emergence of advisory roles JF - Ministers, minders and Mandarins : an international study of relationships at the executive summit of parliamentary democracies (2018) Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-78643-169-1 SN - 978-1-78643-168-4 SP - 72 EP - 90 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing LTD CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elsässer, Joshua Philipp A1 - Hickmann, Thomas A1 - Stehle, Fee T1 - The Role of Cities in South Africa’s Energy Gridlock JF - Case Studies in the Environment N2 - South Africa’s energy sector finds itself in a gridlock situation. The sector is controlled by the state-owned utility Eskom holding the monopoly on the generation and transmission of electricity, which is almost exclusively produced from domestically extracted coal. At the same time, the constitutional mandate enables municipalities to distribute and sell electricity generated by Eskom to local consumers, which constitutes a large part of the cities’ municipal income. This is a strong disincentive for city governments to promote reductions in energy consumption and substantially limits the scope for urban action on energy efficiency and renewable energies. In the present case study, we portray the current development in South Africa’s energy policy and trace how deadlocked legal, financial, and institutional barriers block the transition from a coal-based energy system toward a greener and more sustainable energy economy. We furthermore point to the efforts of major South African cities to introduce low-carbon strategies in their jurisdictions and highlight key challenges for the future development of the country’s energy sector. By engaging with this case study, readers will become familiar with a prime example of the wider phenomenon of national political–economic obstacles to the progress in sustainable urban development. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2018.001297 SN - 2473-9510 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - University of California Press CY - Oakland ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Henrik T1 - German Federalism: On the Way to a "Cooperative Centralism"? JF - Identities, trust, and cohesion in federal systems: public perspectives N2 - Germany has a long tradition of federalism extending far back in history (Ziblatt 2004; Broschek 2011). This tradition has always been characterized by a discrepancy between the attitudes of the public to its federalism and the reform ideas of the (political) elites. While the public has a strong desire for an equality of living conditions, solidarity, social cohesion, and cooperation between the orders of government, academic discourse is shaped by calls for wide-ranging federalism reforms, which are oriented toward the American model of "dual federalism." Against this background, this chapter contrasts public attitudes on key aspects of the federal system with long-lasting academic recommendations for reform. Light will be shed on the general perception of the federal system as a whole, the division of powers, and in particular the issue of joint decision-making (Politikverflechtung) between the orders of government-all issues that have been repeatedly interrogated in various surveys. A further aspect of these polls is the question of the extent to which solidarity or competition shall be realized between the federal and Land governments-a question that is highly controversial in politics and academia (especially in the fiscal equalization debate), though public perceptions are quite different. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-55339-535-5 SN - 978-1-55339-536-2 SP - 255 EP - 279 PB - McGill-Queens University Press CY - Montreal ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen A1 - Eppner, Sebastian A1 - Pörschke, Alexander T1 - Australian bicameralism as semi-parliamentarism BT - patterns of majority formation in 29 democracies JF - Australian Journal of Political Science N2 - The article analyses the type of bicameralism we find in Australia as a distinct executive-legislative system – a hybrid between parliamentary and presidential government – which we call ‘semi-parliamentary government’. We argue that this hybrid presents an important and underappreciated alternative to pure parliamentary government as well as presidential forms of the power-separation, and that it can achieve a certain balance between competing models or visions of democracy. We specify theoretically how the semi-parliamentary separation of powers contributes to the balancing of democratic visions and propose a conceptual framework for comparing democratic visions. We use this framework to locate the Australian Commonwealth, all Australian states and 22 advanced democratic nation-states on a two-dimensional empirical map of democratic patterns for the period from 1995 to 2015. KW - Executive-legislative relations KW - bicameralism KW - parliamentary government KW - presidential government KW - visions of democracy Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2018.1451487 SN - 1036-1146 SN - 1363-030X VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 211 EP - 233 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen A1 - Eppner, Sebastian A1 - Pörschke, Alexander T1 - Semi-parliamentary government in perspective BT - concepts, values, and designs JF - Australian Journal of Political Science N2 - The article responds to four commentaries on the concept of semi-parliamentary government and its application to Australian bicameralism. It highlights four main points: (1) Our preferred typology is not more ‘normative’ than existing approaches, but applies the criterion of ‘direct election’ equally to executive and legislature; (2) While the evolution of semi-parliamentary government had contingent elements, it plausibly also reflects the ‘equilibrium’ nature of certain institutional configurations; (3) The idea that a pure parliamentary system with pure proportional representation has absolute normative priority over ‘instrumentalist’ concerns about cabinet stability, identifiability and responsibility is questionable; and (4) The reforms we discuss may be unlikely to occur in Australia, but deserve consideration by scholars and institutional reformers in other democratic systems. KW - Executive-legislative relations KW - bicameralism KW - visions of democracy KW - parliamentary government KW - presidential government Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2018.1451488 SN - 1036-1146 SN - 1363-030X VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 264 EP - 269 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reith, Florian A1 - Seyfried, Markus T1 - Balancing the Moods BT - Quality Managers’ Perceptions and Actions Against Resistance JF - Higher education policy N2 - Quality management (QM) has spread around the world and reached higher education in Europe in the early 1990s (Mendel, 2006, 137; Kernegger and Vettori, 2013, 1). However, researchers were rather more interested in national quality assurance policies (macro-level) and accreditation systems (meso-level) than in intra-organizational perspectives about the day-to-day implementation of quality assurance policies by various actors (micro-level). Undoubtedly, organizational change is a challenging endeavor for all kinds of groups. On the one hand, it provides the opportunity of further development and innovation, but on the other hand, it exposes organizations and actors to the risk of losing established structures and accepted routines. Like in many other organizations, actors may not necessarily perceive change as a promoter of innovation and development. Instead, they may consider change as a threat to the existing status quo or, as March points out, as an “interplay between rationality and foolishness” (March, 1981, 563). Consequently, change provokes either affective or behavioral actions (Armenakis and Bedeian, 1999, 308–310), such as, for example, resistance. Anderson (2006, 2008) and Lucas (2014) have shown, for example, that academic resistance is an important issue. However, Piderit characterizes resistance as a multidimensional construct (Piderit, 2000, 786–787) subject to a wide variety of issues related to quality and QM. Although QM has been described as a “fashion” (Stensaker, 2007, 101) in the higher education sector that provokes many different reactions, its implementation in higher education institutions (HEIs) is still a rather unexplored field. Thus, the evidence provided by Anderson (2006, 2008) and others (Newton, 2000, 2002; McInnis et al., 1995; Fredman and Doughney, 2012; Lucas, 2014; etc.) needs to be expanded, because they only consider the perspective of academia. In particular, the view of other actors during the implementation of quality assurance policies is a missing piece in this empirical puzzle. Nearly nothing is known about how quality managers deal with reactions to organizational change like resistance and obstruction. Until now, only a few studies have focused on intra-organizational dynamics (see, for example: Csizmadia et al., 2008; Lipnicka, 2016). Besides the lack of research on the implementation of quality assurance policies in HEIs, quality managers seem to be an interesting subject for further investigations because they are “endogenous” to institutional processes. On the one hand, quality managers are the result of quality assurance policies, and on the other hand, they influence the implementation of quality assurance policies, which affect other actors (like academics, administrative staff, etc.). Here, quality managers, as members of an emerging higher education profession, are involved in various conflict lines between QM, HEI management and departments, which need further research (Seyfried and Pohlenz, 2018, 9). Therefore, the aim of our paper is twofold: firstly, to answer the question of how quality managers perceive resistance, and secondly, which measures they take in situations of perceived resistance. We offer a new research perspective and argue that resistance is not merely provoked by organizational change; it also provokes counter-reactions by actors who are confronted with resistance. Thus, resistance seems to be rather endogenous. To theorize our argument, we apply parts of the work of Christine Oliver (1991), which provides theoretical insights into strategic responses to institutional processes, ranging from acquiescence to manipulation (Oliver, 1991, 152). We, therefore, investigate the introduction of QM in teaching and learning, and the emergence of quality managers as higher education professionals as one of the results of quality assurance policies. Consequently, the introduction of QM may be considered as an institutional process provoking reactions and counter-reactions of various organizational units within HEIs. These circumstances are constitutive for how quality managers deal with resistance and other reactions toward organizational change. We use this theoretical framework to analyze the German higher education sector, because this particular case can be considered as a latecomer in New Public Management reforms (Schimank, 2005, 369) and Germany is a country where academic self-governance plays a very important role, and strongly influences academics’ behavior when it comes to organizational change (Wolter, 2004). Our empirical results are based on a mixed-methods research design and integrate half-structured interviews and a nationwide survey at the central level in German HEIs, which excludes faculty members of QM (decentral level). They reveal that quality managers take different types of action when resistance occurs during the implementation of quality assurance policies. Furthermore, quality managers mainly react with different tactics. These tactics seem to be relevant for convincing academics and for the enhancement of their commitment to improve the quality of teaching and learning, instead of provoking further resistance or avoidance practices. This article proceeds as follows: the next sections describe the context and explain our main theoretical concepts referring to the work of Oliver (1991) and others. After that, we present our case selection and the methodological framework, including the data sources and the operationalization of selected variables. Finally, we provide our empirical results about quality managers’ perceptions on resistance and we draw conclusions. KW - higher education KW - quality management KW - institutional processes KW - resistance KW - balancing Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-018-0124-6 SN - 0952-8733 SN - 1740-3863 VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 91 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krause, Tobias Alexander A1 - Van Thiel, Sandra T1 - Perceived managerial autonomy in municipally owned corporations BT - disentangling the impact of output control, process control, and policy-profession conflict JF - Public management review N2 - Many European municipalities rely on municipally owned corporations (MOCs) to serve the public interest. Some MOCs, e.g. utilities or hospitals, are also aimed at generating financial revenue, others provide funded services like public transportation. Our article explores local governments’ approaches to the managerial control of influential MOCs. To conceptualize control, we distinguish control mechanisms (e.g. output control), correlates (e.g. policy-profession conflict), and perceived managerial autonomy. Drawing on a sample of 243 MOC top managers in Germany, structural equation modelling reveals four complex relationships between output control, process control, supervisor trust, and policy-profession conflict as antecedents of perceived managerial autonomy. KW - Managerial autonomy KW - municipally owned corporation KW - inter-organizational control KW - policy-profession conflict KW - trust Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1473472 SN - 1471-9037 SN - 1471-9045 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 187 EP - 211 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ringeling, Arthur A1 - Reichard, Christoph T1 - Some Reflections on the Development of Education for Public Administration in Europe BT - Permanent Study Group 9: Teaching Public Administration JF - Public Administration in Europe. Governance and Public Management N2 - The chapter presents an overview about the evolution of the teaching dimension in the academic debate within the EGPA community. Major topics of EGPA’s permanent study group on “PA and teaching” over the last decade are displayed. From a more general perspective, the authors discuss the various types and target groups of academic programs in Public Administration and their change over time. They also shed some light on the change of contents and pedagogical approaches in the last decades. Furthermore, different patterns and degrees of institutionalization of Public Administration as academic discipline across Europe are illustrated. In a short résumé the authors reflect about future educational developments in our field and about the role of EGPA Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-92856-2 SN - 978-3-319-92855-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92856-2_19 SP - 203 EP - 212 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Bertels, Jana A1 - Schulze-Gabrechten, Lena T1 - Stabilität und Flexibilität BT - wie und warum ändern sich Ministerien? N2 - Wie und warum ändern sich die formalen Strukturen von Ministerien? Dieser Band präsentiert die Ergebnisse der ersten umfassenden formalen Organisationsstrukturanalyse der Bundesverwaltung zwischen 1980 und 2015. Neben einer Beschreibung der internen Dynamiken im Zeitverlauf, u.a. zur Anzahl und Verbreitung von Organisationseinheiten, zur Veränderungsintensität und zu den Arten der Veränderungsereignisse, werden zentrale politik- und verwaltungswissenschaftliche Erklärungsperspektiven erörtert. Die empirische Analyse zeigt, dass sich die Bundesministerien in den letzten Jahrzehnten ausdifferenziert haben und dabei (partei-)politische aber auch politikfeldspezifische Motive relevant sind. Daneben wird in zahlreichen Beispielen illustriert, welche externen und internen Faktoren die strukturelle Entwicklung der Bundesverwaltung beeinflussen. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-8487-5258-4 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tran, C. T. A1 - Mai, N. T. A1 - Nguyen, V. T. A1 - Nguyen, H. X. A1 - Meharg, A. A1 - Carey, M. A1 - Dultz, S. A1 - Marone, F. A1 - Cichy, Sarah Bettina A1 - Nguyen, Minh N. T1 - Phytolith-associated potassium in fern BT - characterization, dissolution properties and implications for slash-and-burn agriculture JF - Soil use and Management N2 - In recent time, phytoliths (silicon deposition between plant cells) have been recognized as an important nutrient source for crops. The work presented here aims at highlighting the potential of phytolith-occluded K pool in ferns. Dicranopteris linearis (D.linearis) is a common fern in the humid subtropical and tropical regions. Burning of the fern D.linearis is, in slash-and-burn regions, a common practice to prepare the soil before planting. We characterised the phytolith-rich ash derived from the fern D.linearis and phytolith-associated potassium (K) (phytK), using X-ray tomographic microscopy in combination with kinetic batch experiments. D.linearis contains up to 3.9g K/kgd.wt, including K subcompartmented in phytoliths. X-ray tomographic microscopy visualized an interembedding structure between organic matter and silica, particularly in leaves. Corelease of K and Si observed in the batch experiments confirmed that the dissolution of ash phytoliths is one of major factors controlling K release. Under heat treatment, a part of the K is made available, while the remainder entrapped into phytoliths (ca. 2.0-3.3%) is unavailable until the phytoliths are dissolved. By enhanced removal of organic phases, or forming more stable silica phases, heat treatment changes dissolution properties of the phytoliths, affecting K release for crops and soils. The maximum releases of soluble K and Si were observed for the phytoliths treated at 500-800 degrees C. For quantitative approaches for the K provision of plants from the soil phytK pool in soils, factors regulating phytolith dissolution rate have to be considered. KW - Potassium KW - phytolith KW - fern KW - Dicranopteris linearis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12409 SN - 0266-0032 SN - 1475-2743 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 28 EP - 36 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reiners, Nina T1 - Kontroversen um die Reform der UN-Menschenrechtsvertragsorgane T1 - Controversies Over Reform of UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies JF - Vereinte Nationen N2 - Das UN-Menschenrechtssystem steht unter gewaltigem Druck. In den aktuellen Diskussionen um die Reform der Menschenrechtsvertragsorgane offenbart sich eine Kluft zwischen Staaten in der Generalversammlung und Ausschussmitgliedern mit zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren. N2 - The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) initiated a development towards a legally binding human rights treaty system. Ratification of the nine human rights treaties is universal and continuing. Recently, the treaty-based system has come under a lot of pressure. States not only lack commitment to their reporting obligations under human rights law and their financial contributions to the system, but openly question the working methods of the treaty bodies and their cooperation with civil society actors. As a result, the current reform process, to be concluded in 2020, also presents an opportunity to reevaluate the role of civil society actors for the development of human rights law. KW - Hochkommissariat für Menschenrechte (OHCHR) KW - Menschen- rechtserklärungen/-übereinkommen KW - human rights KW - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Y1 - 2018 SN - 0042-384X SN - 2366-6773 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - 266 EP - 271 PB - BWV, Berliner Wiss.-Verl. CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dornfeldt, Matthias T1 - Oslo zwischen Berlin und Moskau BT - Norwegens ausbalancierte Erdöl- und Erdgaspolitik JF - Welt-Trends : das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-945878-85-9 SN - 0944-8101 VL - 26 IS - 140 SP - 40 EP - 44 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Nanz, Patrizia A1 - Leggewie, Claus T1 - Die Konsultative BT - mehr Demokratie durch Bürgerbeteiligung N2 - Not in my backyard versus Mitsprache für alle. Nur mit der Weisheit der Vielen können die drängenden Fragen der Zukunft gelöst werden. Die vierte Gewalt, die Konsultative, ist ihr Sprachrohr. Unsere Demokratie wird nicht mehr ohne sie auskommen können. Demokratie in der Krise? Politikverdrossenheit allerorten? Verhöhnung und Wut der Bürger wie bei Stuttgart 21? Das ist nur die eine Seite der Medaille. Auf der anderen fordern immer mehr Bürger Mitspracherechte und Gestaltungsmacht. Großprojekte wie die Energiewende bedürfen der Unterstützung aller, und dazu müssen auch tatsächlich alle im Vorhinein einbezogen werden. An vielen Orten beratschlagen engagierte Bürger nun zum Beispiel über den Trassenverlauf von Stromleitungen. Noch viel zu selten, aber immer häufiger findet eine breite und tiefgehende Konsultation der Bürgerschaft statt, bevor Gesetze entwickelt und beschlossen werden. Wir sind mittendrin in der Beteiligungsrevolution. Patrizia Nanz und Claus Leggewie, leidenschaftliche Streiter für Partizipation und die Demokratisierung der Demokratie, fordern die Institutionalisierung von Zukunftsräten, ein flächendeckendes Netz konsultativer Gremien von der lokalen bis zur europäischen Ebene. Sie haben mit diesem Konzept nicht nur ein wegweisendes Modell entwickelt, sondern unterstützen längst Bürger aktiv dabei, sich politische Handlungsspielräume zurückzuerobern. Gemeinsam erarbeiten sie praktikable Lösungsvorschläge für aktuelle Fragen wie die Unterbringung von Geflüchteten oder jahrzehntelang schwelende Konflikte wie den um die Endlagerung von Atommüll. Mit einem neuen Kapitel zur digitalen Bürgerbeteiligung. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-8031-2810-2 PB - Wagenbach CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Thimm, Tobias T1 - Die Migration bulgarischer Staatsbürger nach Deutschland BT - Ursachen und Auswirkungen auf die Heimatgesellschaft T3 - WeltTrends Thesis N2 - Viele der mittelost- und südosteuropäischen Länder haben mit der Migration ihrer Staatsbürger nach Westeuropa zu kämpfen und beklagen den brain drain ihrer jungen und gut ausgebildeten Generation. Dieses Buch widmet sich der Migration bulgarischer Staatsbürger nach Deutschland und analysiert die positiven sowie negativen Auswirkungen der Migration auf Bulgarien als Herkunftsland selbst. Es werden die Daten, Personengruppen und Ursachen der Migration unter Berücksichtigung der Push- und Pull-Faktoren beider Länder seit dem EU-Beitritt 2007, insbesondere seit der EU-Arbeitnehmerfreizügigkeit 2014, analysiert. Ferner steht die Frage im Vordergrund, wie der bulgarische Staat und die Zivilgesellschaft mit dem Phänomen der Massenmigration umgehen und was zusätzlich getan werden könnte, um die Migration gezielter zu steuern und so mehr Bulgaren für eine Zukunft in der Heimat zu begeistern. T3 - WeltTrends Thesis - 20 KW - Bulgarien KW - Deutschland KW - Migration KW - Flucht KW - Integration KW - Europa Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404713 SN - 978-3-86956-425-8 SN - 1866-0738 SN - 2191-1673 IS - 20 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Giebler, Heiko A1 - Ruth, Saskia P. A1 - Tanneberg, Dag T1 - Why choice matters BT - revisiting and comparing measures of democracy T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Measures of democracy are in high demand. Scientific and public audiences use them to describe political realities and to substantiate causal claims about those realities. This introduction to the thematic issue reviews the history of democracy measurement since the 1950s. It identifies four development phases of the field, which are characterized by three recurrent topics of debate: (1) what is democracy, (2) what is a good measure of democracy, and (3) do our measurements of democracy register real-world developments? As the answers to those questions have been changing over time, the field of democracy measurement has adapted and reached higher levels of theoretical and methodological sophistication. In effect, the challenges facing contemporary social scientists are not only limited to the challenge of constructing a sound index of democracy. Today, they also need a profound understanding of the differences between various measures of democracy and their implications for empirical applications. The introduction outlines how the contributions to this thematic issue help scholars cope with the recurrent issues of conceptualization, measurement, and application, and concludes by identifying avenues for future research. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 104 KW - application KW - conceptualization KW - democracy KW - democratic quality KW - measurement Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427891 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 104 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schukraft, Stefan T1 - Legislativer Konflikt in den deutschen Ländern T1 - Legislative Conflict in German Subnational Parliaments BT - eine empirische Studie zur Bildung von Gesetzgebungsmehrheiten zwischen Programmatik, Wettbewerb und Mehrebenensystem N2 - Gesetzgebungsmehrheiten in parlamentarischen Systemen mit ihrem Dualismus aus Regierungslager und Oppositionsparteien bilden sich nicht frei. Vielmehr findet ihre Koordination in einem Spannungsfeld aus den programmatischen Positionen der Akteure und ihrem opportunistischen Wettbewerb untereinander statt. Diese Problematik bricht die Arbeit auf drei konkrete Fragestellungen herunter, im Rahmen derer sie die Konfliktmuster zwischen Akteuren bei der legislativen Mehrheitskoordination unter Mehrheitsregierungen in den deutschen Landesparlamenten untersucht: 1) Inwieweit hängt es von programmatischen Positionen oder vom opportunistischen Wettbewerb des Neuen Dualismus zwischen Regierungslager und Oppositionsparteien ab, ob Oppositionsparteien und Regierungslager bei der Bildung von Gesetzgebungsmehrheiten kooperieren oder konfligieren? 2) Inwieweit kommt es vor dem Hintergrund unterschiedlicher programmatischer Positionen und opportunistischer Überlegungen zu Konflikt statt Kooperation zwischen Koalitionsakteuren bei der Bildung gemeinsamer Gesetzgebungsmehrheiten? Letztere Fragestellung wird sodann auch in den Kontext des bundesrepublikanischen Kooperativföderalismus eingebettet: 3) Inwieweit geht die Bildung von Gesetzgebungsmehrheiten bei der Ausführung von Bundesgesetzen in Mischkoalitionen (bestehend aus Parteien, die sich auf Bundesebene in konkurrierenden Lagern gegenüberstehen) mit mehr Konflikt einher als in ebenenübergreifend kongruenten Regierungskoalitionen? Theoretisch wird ein rationalistisches Modell der grundlegenden Handlungsanreize bei der Bildung von Gesetzgebungsmehrheiten in den deutschen Landesparlamenten erarbeitet. Auf dieser Basis beschäftigt sich die Arbeit damit, wie die Akteure strategisch programmatische und opportunistische Anreize zu Konflikt und Kooperation abwägen. Die Arbeit leitet dann konkrete Determinanten ab, die vorwiegend – aber nicht nur – mittels quantitativer Methoden getestet werden. Die Arbeit stützt sich dabei auf eine größtenteils neu zusammengestellte Gesetzgebungsdatenbank aus 3.359 Gesetzgebungsvorgängen aus 23 Legislaturperioden zwischen 1990 und 2013 in den Ländern Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Sachsen-Anhalt. Die Analyse der Konfliktmuster zwischen Oppositionsparteien und Regierungslager zeigt, dass programmatische Distanz einer Oppositionspartei zum Regierungslager für Oppositionsverhalten eine Rolle spielt; dies gilt jedoch auch für opportunistische Aspekte (so lässt sich beispielsweise ein kompetitiveres Oppositionsverhalten beobachten, wenn nach der letzten Wahl ein vollständiger Regierungswechsel erfolgte). Oppositionsverhalten erscheint dabei recht kleinteilig ausgeprägt. Neben Unterschieden zwischen Legislaturperioden treten solche auch innerhalb von Legislaturperioden zwischen Akteuren sowie zwischen Gesetzentwürfen auf. Die Analyse generellen Koalitionskonflikts weist darauf hin, dass ein nicht unerheblicher Teil von Koalitionskonflikt strukturell bedingt ist. Handelt es sich bei einer gebildeten Regierungskoalition um die Wunschkoalition der beteiligten Parteien, so ist dies Koalitionskonflikt abträglich. Selbiges gilt für eine größere Mehrheitsmarge des Regierungslagers. Darüber hinaus ergeben sich Hinweise, dass die Ausführung von Bundesgesetzen unter Mischkoalitionen bei bundespolitischer Abgrenzung der Koalitionspartner mit mehr Koalitionskonflikt einhergeht als eine Ausführung unter kongruenten Koalitionen. Der Beitrag der Arbeit ist polymorph angelegt. Sie hilft zunächst, die Strategien von Akteuren im Gesetzgebungsprozess besser zu verstehen. Als normativer Beitrag tritt auf einer zweiten Ebene die bessere Erforschung etwaiger nachteiliger Effekte des Neuen Dualismus unter Mehrheitsregierungen hinzu. Gleichzeitig soll die Arbeit drittens in der Zusammenschau helfen, die Mechanik der parlamentarischen Systeme in den Ländern selbst zu erhellen und besser normativ bewerten zu können. Hintergrund sind hier die jahrzehntealten Debatten um das beste Regierungssystem und -format der deutschen Länder als subnationale Entitäten. Die dritte Fragestellung dieser Arbeit konnte diese Debatte zudem mit einem neuen Aspekt bereichern. Wissen darüber, inwieweit die Ausführung von Bundesgesetzen in den Ländern je nach ebenenübergreifendem Koalitionsmuster in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß mit einem ‚coalition governance‘-Problem verbunden ist, fügt der Forschung zum föderalen Entscheiden in der Bundesrepublik eine neue und beachtenswerte Facette hinzu. Denn dabei handelt es sich um eine föderal bedingte mechanische Beeinträchtigung der Mehrheitskoordination in den Landesparlamenten selbst, die die potenziell gegebene föderale Flexibilität bei der Ausführung von Bundesgesetzen hemmt. Dies ebnet den Weg zu neuen Debatten darüber, wie in den deutschen Ländern mehr legislative Abstimmungsflexibilität ermöglicht werden kann als unter den bisher üblichen Mehrheits-Koalitionsregierungen. N2 - This book analyses the legislative behaviour of political parties in parliamentary systems between programmatic and opportunistic motivation for conflict and cooperation. It focuses on three specific questions: 1) the explanation of conflict or cooperation between government and opposition parties; 2) the explanation of the conflict level in coalition governments; 3) the effect of congruence or incongruence between coalition governments on federal and state level on the conflict level in coalition governments when implementing federal laws in the German Länder. The empirical basis is a comprehensive data set on law-making processes in five German states between 1990 and 2013. KW - Parlamentarismus KW - Föderalismus KW - Landtag KW - Gesetzgebung KW - Legislativer Konflikt KW - Mehrebenensystem KW - Hamburg KW - Hessen KW - Nordrhein-Westfalen KW - Mecklenburg-Vorpommern KW - Sachsen-Anhalt KW - parliamentarism KW - federalism KW - state parliament KW - law-making KW - legislative studies KW - legislative conflict KW - multi level system Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422162 SN - 978-3-86956-450-0 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK ED - Krämer, Raimund T1 - Nachdenken über Europa BT - Festschrift zum 90. Geburtstag von Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Ersil Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-945878-93-4 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Rollfing, Petra T1 - Kommunale Kinder- und Jugendgremien im Land Brandenburg T1 - Local youth councils and parliaments in the German State of Brandenburg BT - ernsthafte Partizipation von Kindern und Jugendlichen? BT - how genuine is the youth’s participation? N2 - Kommunale Kinder- und Jugendgremien sind eine Möglichkeit, junge Menschen in der Kommune zu beteiligen. Die Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit den kommunalen Kinder- und Jugendgremien im Land Brandenburg, über die es in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur nur wenige Erkenntnisse gibt. Die Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die bestehenden Gremien und zeigt, welche Kinder und Jugendliche sich beteiligen und wie der Entwicklungsstand der Gremien ist. Ausgehend von der Partizipationsleiter von Hart geht die Arbeit zudem in zwei Fallstudien in Senftenberg und Oranienburg der Frage nach, ob es sich bei den Kinder- und Jugendgremien um ernstgemeinte Partizipation handelt. N2 - Local youth councils and youth parliaments are ways to involve young people in their ommunity. Due to a lack of research on this topic, this thesis deals with these local youth organizations in the German State of Brandenburg. The thesis gives an overview of the existing youth councils and parliaments, shows who participates and describes their level of development. Based on Harts’s “Ladder of Participation”, the thesis investigates how genuine the youth’s participation is through case studies in Senftenberg and Oranienburg. KW - Beteiligung KW - Partizipation KW - Kinder- und Jugendgremien KW - Brandenburg KW - Kinder- und Jugendparlament KW - Kinder- und Jugendbeirat KW - Partizipationsleiter KW - Hart KW - Ernsthaftigkeit KW - Kinder KW - Jugendliche KW - Senftenberg KW - Oranienburg KW - participation KW - youth councils KW - youth parliaments KW - Brandenburg KW - children and youth parliament KW - children's and young people's advisory councils KW - Ladder of Participation KW - Hart KW - children KW - youth KW - Senftenberg KW - Oranienburg Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419645 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - Stuck in the past? BT - British views on the Spanish army’s effectiveness and military culture, 1946–1983 T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe N2 - After the Civil War the Spanish army functioned as a guardian of domestic order, but suffered from antiquated material and little financial means. These factors have been described as fundamental reasons for the army’s low potential wartime capability. This article draws on British and German sources to demonstrate how Spanish military culture prevented an augmented effectiveness and organisational change. Claiming that the army merely lacked funding and modern equipment, falls considerably short in grasping the complexities of military effectiveness and organisational cultures, and might prove fatal for current attempts to develop foreign armed forces in conflict or post-conflict zones. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 153 KW - Spain KW - Franco KW - military effectiveness KW - military culture KW - organisational change Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420615 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 153 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ganghof, Steffen A1 - Eppner, Sebastian A1 - Pörschke, Alexander T1 - Australian bicameralism as semi-parliamentarism BT - patterns of majority formation in 29 democracies T2 - Australian Journal of Political Science N2 - The article analyses the type of bicameralism we find in Australia as a distinct executive-legislative system – a hybrid between parliamentary and presidential government – which we call ‘semi- parliamentary government’. We argue that this hybrid presents an important and underappreciated alternative to pure parliamentary government as well as presidential forms of the power-separation, and that it can achieve a certain balance between competing models or visions of democracy. We specify theoretically how the semi-parliamentary separation of powers contributes to the balancing of democratic visions and propose a conceptual framework for comparing democratic visions. We use this framework to locate the Australian Commonwealth, all Australian states and 22 advanced democratic nation-states on a two- dimensional empirical map of democratic patterns for the period from 1995 to 2015. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 95 KW - executive-legislative relations KW - bicameralism KW - parliamentary government KW - presidential government KW - visions of democracy Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412984 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wernert, Yann T1 - PESCO und die EU-Integration JF - WeltTrends : das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-945878-94-1 SN - 0944-8101 VL - 26 IS - 141 SP - 56 EP - 60 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Altieri, Riccardo T1 - Paul Frölich, American exile, and communist discourse about the Russian revolution T2 - American Communist History T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 144 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413040 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reichard, Christoph A1 - Schröter, Eckhard T1 - Doctoral education in european public administration BT - the contribution of EGPA's PhD Symposium JF - Public administration in Europe : the contribution of EGPA N2 - This chapter highlights the role and contribution of EGPA in educating and socializing the next generation of young researchers into the interdisciplinary community of public administration, management and policy scholars in Europe. In doing so, it also provides an overview of the current state of the art in doctoral education in the field of public administration in Europe. Against this background, the chapter presents the annual “EGPA Workshop for PhDs and Young Researchers” (or for short: the EGPA PhD project) in the context of changing institutional settings and academic markets of PhD education in Europe. Consequently, EGPA carries an important responsibility as a representative of the public administration community in shaping the course of PhD education in our field in Europe. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-92855-5 SN - 978-3-319-92856-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92856-2_7 SP - 41 EP - 58 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klun, Maja A1 - Reichard, Christoph T1 - Accreditation in European Public Administration BT - The Contribution of EGPA JF - Public Administration in Europe: Governance and Public Management N2 - With the aim to improve the quality of public administration (PA) programmes in Europe, EGPA established in 1999—together with the Network of Institutes and Schools of Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe (NISPAcee)—the European Association for Public Administration Accreditation (EAPAA). This chapter presents the development of EAPAA in the last two decades and the experiences made with voluntary accreditation of academic PA programmes in Europe. The authors illustrate the basic accreditation concept of EAPAA, its integration into the European quality assurance institutions and the scope of accreditation missions over time. Finally, the effects of accreditation measures in the educational field of PA are discussed. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-92855-5 SN - 978-3-319-92856-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92856-2_31 SP - 345 EP - 354 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - THES A1 - Steinert, Jule Marie T1 - Ironie in der öffentlich-kritischen Politikrezension T1 - Irony in the public-critical review of policy BT - hilfreiches Ausdrucksmittel oder Symptom gesellschaftlicher Ohnmacht? BT - a helpful mean of expression or a symptom of social impotence? N2 - Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit ist die Untersuchung der Funktion und Wirkung von Ironie in der öffentlich-kritischen Politikrezension. Wie kann eine vermehrte Verwendung von Ironie in der deutschen Berichterstattung das Denken und Sprechen über politisches Geschehen, die freie Meinungs- und Urteilsbildung bis hin zu Entscheidungsfindungen beeinflussen? Als Resultat der qualitativen Dokumentenanalyse wird letztlich ein operationalisiertes Schema konzipiert, welches die genaue Einordnung unterschiedlicher Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Ironie in den öffentlichen Medien auf Textebene erlaubt und in ihrer argumentativen Funktion und komischen Wirkkraft den Einfluss identifiziert, den Ironie auf die jeweilige Sachdebatte nimmt. Um die zwiespältige Rolle von Ironie im Sprachgebrauch genauer zu bestimmen, wo sie sowohl als nützliches Ausdrucksmittel für die Widersprüchlichkeiten im komplexen gesellschaftspolitischen Geschehen als auch als Ohnmachtsreaktion auf deren Unauflösbarkeit erscheinen kann, nähert sich die Arbeit der Ironie zunächst über ihre epistemologische Geschichte und rhetorische Grunddefinition an. Ironie sagt immer etwas und zugleich etwas anderes. Sie eröffnet somit ein Bedeutungsfeld in der Spannung verschiedener oder gar entgegengesetzter Pole und lässt mehrere unvereinbare Interpretationen zu. Dieses besondere Stilmittel kann also zu einer differenzierten, multiperspektivischen Betrachtung genutzt werden. Oder aber gerade dazu, klare Positionen zu vermeiden und den Rückzug in alternative Auslegungsmöglichkeit einer Aussage offen zu halten. Im Weiteren sind drei große, epochale Strömungen zu unterscheiden, die in der Ironie eine umfassende Geisteshaltung und erkenntnistheoretische Position verstanden beziehungsweise entwickelt haben: Einzeln erörtert werden die philosophische Verstellungstechnik der sokratischen Ironie, die poetisch-ästhetischen Darstellungsverfahren der romantischen Ironie sowie die kritische Selbstbetrachtung der modernen Ironie. Diese loten aus, ob sich eine ironische Geisteshaltung als differenzierte Annäherung an die komplexe Wahrheit des Menschen oder im Gegenteil als irrationaler Flucht- oder Irrweg entpuppt. Die zweite Säule der Analyse betrachtet die komische Wirkung von Ironie und die Bedeutung des Lachens für den Menschen, der als einziges Lebewesen zu solch einer Reaktion fähig ist. Wann lacht der Mensch und was drückt er damit aus: Hilflosigkeit an den Grenzen seines sozialen Verhaltensspektrums oder Souveränität im Umgang mit einer ungewohnten Situation? Komik muss in ihrer medialen Anwendung von Unterhaltungskultur bis seriöser Berichterstattung situiert und Ironie klar von anderen komischen Figuren wie der Satire oder dem Sarkasmus unterschieden werden. Ihrer komischen Komponente steht ihr Anteil am Tragischen gegenüber, beide spielen zuweilen zusammen. Im Rückbezug auf den Einfluss einer ironischen Sprachwahl oder Geisteshaltung auf die Rezension und damit auf die Wahrnehmung des politischen Geschehens finden sich beide Eingangsthesen bestätigt: Ironie kann hilfreiches Ausdrucksmittel oder Symptom gesellschaftlicher Ohnmacht sein. Rhetorisch dient sie als Kampfmittel im Politikdiskurs oder zur Ridikülisierung der Gegenposition. Indem sie stets mehrere Bedeutungsebenen eröffnet und andere oder gar gegensätzliche Denk- und Seinsweisen zugleich in den Blick nimmt, hat Ironie das Potential, politische sowie kulturelle Ideale und Richtlinien neu in Frage zu stellen. In ihrer destruktiven Kraft, Widersprüche anzuzeigen, steckt somit eine aufklärerische Funktion zur Entlarvung von Irrtümern oder Erschließung alternativer Ansätze. Andererseits kann eine Ironisierung in der Betrachtung und Bewertung von Politik auch auf den Wirklichkeits- oder Identitätsverlust einer Gesellschaft hinweisen, wenn nämlich die Lebensrealität angesichts gänzlich unterschiedlicher, doch ebenso denkbarer Organisationsformen und Weltbilder ihre Überzeugungskraft einbüßt. In der modernen Ironie bietet sich wiederum die Chance, diese Relativität von Werten und Normen als Schlüsselerlebnis der eigenen Zeit konstruktiv aufzugreifen. Das Unterfangen dieser Bachelorarbeit kulminiert darin, all jene diversen Arten und Ebenen von Ironie in einem einzigen Analyseschema nach operationalisierten Kriterien der Linguistik, Rhetorik, Literaturwissenschaft, Philosophie und Ästhetik bestimmbar zu machen. Im zweiten Schritt wendet das Schema diese Forschungsergebnisse schließlich für eine politikwissenschaftliche Einordnung der Funktion und Wirkung von Ironie bei ihrer Verwendung in der öffentlich-kritischen Politikrezension durch textbasierte Medien an. Hierin könnte ein erster Grundstein für eine politische Theorie der Ironie liegen. Das Schema wäre künftig für eine umfassende, quantitative empirische Untersuchung über den Gebrauch von Ironie in den Pressebeiträgen deutscher Medien in der politikwissenschaftlichen Forschung einsetzbar. N2 - This bachelor thesis aims to examine the function and effect of irony in the public-critical review of policy. How does the increased use of irony in German media coverage influences the thoughts and discussions about political events, the free formation of opinions and judgements in this democracy, and even political decision-making? Finally, as a result of a profound qualitative document analysis, an operationalized schema is conceived that allows the exact classification of various uses of irony in the public media at a textual level and identifies the impact irony has on the respective debate – overall in its argumentative function and comical effect. In order to more precisely determine the ambivalent role of irony in the linguistic usage, where it can appear both as an helpful mean of expression for the contradictions in complex socio-political events and as a fainting reaction to their indissolubility, the work first approaches irony through its epistemological history and rhetorical definition. Irony always says something and at the same time something different. It thus opens up a wide range of meaning and allows several interpretations, that may even be incompatible with or completely opposed to each other. This stylistic particularity can be used to gain a differentiated, multi-perspective view. Or on the contrary conduce to avoid clear positions by keeping open alternative interpretations of the same statement. Furthermore, a distinction must be made between three major epochal movements that have understood or developed a comprehensive mindset and epistemological position in irony: The philosophical disguising technique of socratic irony, the poetic-aesthetic rapprochement methods of romantic irony, and the critical self-reflection of modern irony are discussed individually. These explore whether an ironic attitude of mind turns out to be a differentiated approach to the complex truth of man or rather an irrational escape out of this complicated search. The second pillar of the analysis explores the comical effect of irony and the meaning of laughter for the humans, the only being capable of such a reaction. When does man laugh and what does he express with this behaviour? Helplessness at the limits of his social behaviour spectrum or sovereignty in dealing with an unfamiliar situation? Comical must be contextualized in its media application, from entertainment culture to serious reporting, and irony must be clearly distinguished from other comical figures such as satire or sarcasm. The ironical component of comical is countered by its share in tragic, the two sometimes play together. Regarding the influence of an ironic choice of language or mentality on the media review and thus on the perception of political events, both initial theories finally have to be approved: Irony can be a helpful mean of expression and also a symptom of social impotence. Rhetorically, it serves as a weapon in political discourse or to ridicule the opposite position. By always opening up several levels of meaning and simultaneously looking at other or even contradictory ways of thinking and being, irony has the potential to question political as well as cultural ideals and guidelines anew. In its destructive power to display contradictions, irony thus has an enlightening function in exposing errors or opening up alternative approaches. On the other hand, an ironization in the contemplation and evaluation of politics can also point to the loss of reality or identity of a society, if the reality of life loses its persuasive power recognizing that there are completely different, but equally conceivable forms of organization and views on the world. Modern irony, in turn, offers the opportunity to constructively reflect this relativity of values and norms as a key experience of one's own time. The aim of this bachelor's thesis culminates in making all those diverse types and levels of irony determinable in a single analytical scheme according to operationalized criteria of linguistics, rhetoric, literary studies, philosophy and aesthetics. In a second step, the scheme applies these research results to a political science classification of the function and effect of irony in its use in public-critical political review through text-based media. This could be the first cornerstone for a political theory of irony. In the future, the scheme could be used for a comprehensive, quantitative empirical research of the use of irony in the press articles of German media in political science research. KW - Ironie KW - irony KW - Politik KW - policy KW - Rezension KW - review KW - Politikverdrossenheit KW - political disenchantment KW - Medien KW - media Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436535 ER - TY - THES A1 - Haug, Frederik T1 - Verbrannte Erde BT - Die Haltung der Bundesregierung hinsichtlich des kolonialen Gewalthandelns des Deutschen Kaiserreichs in Deutsch-Ostafrika T2 - WeltTrends Thesis N2 - Innerhalb des öffentlichen und politischen Diskurses in Deutschland nehmen die Verbrechen in den ehemaligen Kolonien des Deutschen Kaiserreichs einen kaum wahrnehmbaren Platz ein. Rückt der Völkermord an den Herero und Nama in Deutsch-Südwestafrika seit ein paar Jahren vermehrt ins Licht der Öffentlichkeit, so sind die Kolonialkriege in Deutsch-Ostafrika, die mehrere Hunderttausend Afrikaner das Leben kosteten, nahezu vergessen. Frederik Haug analysiert den erinnerungspolitischen Umgang der Bundesregierung mit den Verbrechen, die die deutsche „Schutztruppe“ in Ostafrika vor über einem Jahrhundert verübte. Er untersucht dabei sowohl die Charakteristika dieser Haltung als auch die Gründe für eine solche Positionierung. T3 - WeltTrends Thesis - 21 KW - Deutschland KW - Kolonialismus KW - Vergangenheitsbewältigung KW - Deutsch-Ostafrika KW - Schutztruppe Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411237 SN - 978-3-86956-434-0 SN - 1866-0738 SN - 2191-1673 IS - 21 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Girnus, Luisa A1 - Neuhof, Julia T1 - Der Wandel von Staatlichkeit als Ziel- und Ausgangspunkt politischen Lernens in der Praxis JF - Gesellschaft im Wandel : neue Aufgaben für die politische Bildung und ihre Didaktik Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-7344-0827-4 SP - 69 EP - 76 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt ER - TY - THES A1 - Lange, Anne T1 - On a small scale BT - how micro relations facilitate cooperation in peacekeeping interventions N2 - This study argues that micro relations matter in peacekeeping. Asking what makes the implementation of peacekeeping interventions complex and how complexity is resolved, I find that formal, contractual mechanisms only rarely effectively reduce complexity – and that micro relations fill this gap. Micro relations are personal relationships resulting from frequent face-to-face interaction in professional and – equally importantly – social contexts. This study offers an explanation as to why micro relations are important for coping with complexity, in the form of a causal mechanism. For this purpose, I bring together theoretical and empirical knowledge: I draw upon the current debate on ‘institutional complexity’ (Greenwood et al. 2011) in organizational institutionalism as well as original empirical evidence from a within-case study of the peacekeeping intervention in Haiti, gained in ten weeks of field research. In this study, scholarship on institutional complexity serves to identify theoretical causal channels which guide empirical analysis. An additional, secondary aim is pursued with this mechanism-centered approach: testing the utility of Beach and Pedersen’s (2013) theory-testing process tracing. Regarding the first research question – what makes the implementation of peacekeeping interventions complex –, the central finding is that complexity manifests itself in the dual role of organizations as cooperation partners and competitors for (scarce) resources, turf and influence. UN organizations, donor agencies and international NGOs implementing peacekeeping activities in post-conflict environments have chronic difficulty mastering both roles because they entail contradictory demands: effective cooperation requires information exchange, resource and responsibility-sharing as well as external scrutiny, whereas prevailing over competitors demands that organizations conceal information, guard resources, increase relative turf and influence, as well as shield themselves from scrutiny. Competition fuels organizational distrust and friction – and impedes cooperation. How is this complexity resolved? The answer to this second research question is that deep-seated organizational competition is routinely mediated – and cooperation motivated – in micro relations and micro interaction. Regular, frequent face-to-face interaction between individual organizational members generates social resources that help to transcend organizational distrust and conflict, most importantly familiarity with each other, personal trust and belief in reciprocity. Furthermore, informal conflict mediation and control mechanisms – namely, open discussion, mutual monitoring in direct interaction and social exclusion – enhance solidarity and mutual support. KW - peacekeeping KW - Friedenssicherung KW - Haiti KW - Haiti KW - institutional complexity KW - Institutionelle Komplexität KW - United Nations KW - Vereinte Nationen KW - process tracing KW - Prozessanalyse Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zantke, Michael T1 - Die 68er-Bewegung und die Neue Rechte JF - WeltTrends : das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-945878-94-1 SN - 0944-8101 VL - 26 IS - 141 SP - 40 EP - 45 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Renate T1 - Weiterhin vergessen: Der Krieg in Jemen JF - WeltTrends : das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-945878-99-6 SN - 0944-8101 VL - 26 IS - 146 SP - 7 EP - 11 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK ED - Krämer, Raimund ED - Gemeil, Manuel Torres T1 - Deutsche auf Kuba BT - eine Spurensuche Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-945878-88-0 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brady, David A1 - Giesselmann, Marco A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Radenacker, Anke T1 - How to measure and proxy permanent income BT - evidence from Germany and the US JF - The Journal of Economic Inequality N2 - Permanent income (PI) is an enduring concept in the social sciences and is highly relevant to the study of inequality. Nevertheless, there has been insufficient progress in measuring PI. We calculate a novel measure of PI with the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Advancing beyond prior approaches, we define PI as the logged average of 20+ years of post-tax and post-transfer ("post-fisc") real equivalized household income. We then assess how well various household- and individual-based measures of economic resources proxy PI. In both datasets, post-fisc household income is the best proxy. One random year of post-fisc household income explains about half of the variation in PI, and 2-5 years explain the vast majority of the variation. One year of post-fisc HH income even predicts PI better than 20+ years of individual labor market earnings or long-term net worth. By contrast, earnings, wealth, occupation, and class are weaker and less cross-nationally reliable proxies for PI. We also present strategies for proxying PI when HH post-fisc income data are unavailable, and show how post-fisc HH income proxies PI over the life cycle. In sum, we develop a novel approach to PI, systematically assess proxies for PI, and inform the measurement of economic resources more generally. KW - Income KW - Permanent income KW - Lifetime income KW - Measurement KW - Longitudinal and panel data KW - Social class Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-017-9363-9 SN - 1569-1721 SN - 1573-8701 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 321 EP - 345 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hickmann, Thomas A1 - Lederer, Markus T1 - Global political economy and development T2 - Global Environmental Politics Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-351-71664-2 SP - 47 EP - 56 PB - Routledge CY - London ET - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Gronau, Norbert T1 - Process modeling within augmented reality BT - the bidirectional interplay of two worlds T2 - Business Modeling and Software Design, BMSD 2018 N2 - The collaboration during the modeling process is uncomfortable and characterized by various limitations. Faced with the successful transfer of first process modeling languages to the augmented world, non-transparent processes can be visualized in a more comprehensive way. With the aim to rise comfortability, speed, accuracy and manifoldness of real world process augmentations, a framework for the bidirectional interplay of the common process modeling world and the augmented world has been designed as morphologic box. Its demonstration proves the working of drawn AR integrations. Identified dimensions were derived from (1) a designed knowledge construction axiom, (2) a designed meta-model, (3) designed use cases and (4) designed directional interplay modes. Through a workshop-based survey, the so far best AR modeling configuration is identified, which can serve for benchmarks and implementations. KW - Augmented reality KW - Process modeling KW - Simulation process building KW - Generalized knowledge constructin axiom KW - Meta-model KW - Use cases Morphologic box KW - Industry 4.0 KW - CPS KW - CPPS KW - Internet of things Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-94214-8 SN - 978-3-319-94213-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94214-8_7 SN - 1865-1348 VL - 319 SP - 99 EP - 115 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Vladova, Gergana T1 - Wissensmanagement im Kontext der Interdependenzen zwischen Unternehmenskultur und beruflicher kultureller Prägung N2 - Neben der vorherrschenden Unternehmenskultur existieren innerhalb der Organisationen unterschiedliche Subkulturen. Eine solche Subkultur - die berufliche - ist im Kontext dieser Arbeit von Bedeutung. Ihr Einfluss auf das Individuum in Form einer sekundären Sozialisation fängt in der Regel noch vor dem Eintritt im Unternehmen an und kann je nach Dauer der Einflussnahme und Stärke der Unternehmens- und der Subkulturen unterschiedlich sein. Im Mittelpunkt des Buches steht die Untersuchung der Abhängigkeiten zwischen der beruflichen kulturellen Prägung der Mitarbeiter und dem Umgang mit Wissen im Unternehmenskontext. Das Buch bietet einen theoretischen Überblick über die relevanten Themenfelder, stellt die Entwicklung eines Modells der Interdependenzen zwischen Wissensmanagement, Unternehmenskultur und beruflicher Subkultur vor und diskutiert erste Ergebnisse zur empirischen Untersuchung der Interdependenzen sowie das hierzu entwickelte Instrument. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-95545-223-0 PB - Gito CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - Political Narrations BT - Antigone, the Melian Dialogue, Michael Kohlhaas, the Grand Inquisitor and Ragtime N2 - This book analyzes narrations embedded in political disputes, allowing readers to gain a deeper understanding of modern political reality. The author explores this theme in readings of the Sophocles tragedy Antigone, the Melian Dialogue of Thucydides, Heinrich von Kleist’s novella Michael Kohlhaas, Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Grand Inquisitor and E.L. Doctorow’s Ragtime novel, taking into account the relevant interdisciplinary aspects of the narratives. His study of these four narrations focuses on key political concepts, such as might and right, self-interest, legality and justice, the nation-state and democracy, and relates them compellingly to current actuality. Since narrations can exert comprehensive and lasting influence on individuals’ political discernment, this systematic analysis allows for a better comprehension of politics in education and civics. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-70753-2 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kersting, Norbert A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine T1 - Sub-municipal Units in Germany BT - Municipal and Metropolitan Districts JF - Sub-municipal Units in Germany: Municipal and Metropolitan Districts N2 - Sub-municipal units (SMUs) in Germany differ in German Länder. In Berlin, Hamburg and München Metropole Districts fulfill a number of quasi-municipal self-government rights and functions. They have their own budget and strong councils, as well as mayors. In all other Länder, most sub-municipal councils were subordinated under the municipal council and directly elected mayor heading the administration. SMUs were introduced as a kind of compensation with different territorial reforms in the 1970s. Although directly elected, sub-municipal councilors are weak, and their advisory role competes with other newly established advisory boards. Here the focus remains on traffic and town planning. Some sub-municipal councils fulfill smaller administrative functions and become more relevant and important in recent decentralization strategies of neighborhood development. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-64725-8 SN - 978-3-319-64724-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64725-8_5 SP - 93 EP - 118 PB - Palgrave CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bouckaert, Geert A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine T1 - Foreword T2 - Sub-Municipal Governance in Europe: Decentralization Beyond the Municipal Tier Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-64725-8 SN - 978-3-319-64724-1 SP - V EP - VI PB - Palgrave CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine A1 - Bogumil, Jörg T1 - Performance measurement and benchmarking as “reflexive institutions” for local governments BT - Germany, Sweden and England compared JF - International journal of public sector management N2 - Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss different approaches of performance measurement and benchmarking as reflexive institutions for local governments in England, Germany and Sweden from a comparative perspective. Design/methodology/approach These three countries have been selected because they represent typical (most different) cases of European local government systems and reforms. The existing theories on institutional reflexivity point to the potential contribution of benchmarking to public sector innovation and organizational learning. Based on survey findings, in-depth case studies, interviews and document analyses in these three countries, the paper addresses the major research question as to what extent and why benchmarking regimes vary across countries. It derives hypotheses about the impacts of benchmarking on institutional learning and innovation. Findings The outcomes suggest that the combination of three key features of benchmarking, namely - obligation, sanctions and benchmarking authority - in conjunction with country-specific administrative context conditions and local actor constellations - influences the impact of benchmarking as a reflexive institution. Originality/value It is shown in the paper that compulsory benchmarking on its own does not lead to reflexivity and learning, but that there is a need for autonomy and leeway for local actors to cope with benchmarking results. These findings are relevant because policy makers must decide upon the specific governance mix of benchmarking exercises taking their national and local contexts into account if they want them to promote institutional learning and innovation. KW - Benchmarking KW - Administration KW - Local government reform Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-01-2017-0004 SN - 0951-3558 SN - 1758-6666 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 543 EP - 562 PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bouckaert, Geert A1 - Jann, Werner A1 - Maron, Fabienne A1 - Ongaro, Edoardo A1 - Sofiane, Sahraoui T1 - Conclusion: EGPA, EPPA an the Future of Public Administration in Europa JF - Public Administration in Europe : The Contribution of EGPA N2 - This chapter outlines the strategy of the European Group for Public Administration (EGPA) and reflects on some of its key strengths, and how these may equip the European community of scholars and practitioners of public administration (PA) to contribute to the development of the field. The chapter reviews the key trait of the EGPA organisational model: the Permanent Study Groups, which are communities of scholars centred on the key areas of the administrative sciences in Europe. It also discusses the partnerships that EGPA has developed with key institutions in Europe and beyond, and highlights the significance of the EGPA policy papers on European governance. Finally, it discusses the strategic, forward-looking project European Perspectives on Public Administration, which aims to reflect on the future of the research and teaching of public administration. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-92855-5 SN - 978-3-319-92856-2 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92856-2_32 SP - 355 EP - 361 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine A1 - Laffin, Martin A1 - Wayenberg, Ellen T1 - Subnational Government in the Research Spotlight BT - the Merit of EGPA Permament study Group 5 JF - Public Administration in Europe : The Contribution of EGPA N2 - Kuhlmann, Laffin and Wayenberg point out three main strands of subnational changes that have significantly dominated the research field and focus of Permanent Study Group 5. Elaborating upon the Study Group’s contributions, the chapter overviews relevant research questions, approaches and findings that have been touched upon concerning local and regional government systems, subnational reforms and their evaluation in a multi-level governance setting. The chapter concludes with zooming in on austerity as a main driver of future developments upon and amongst all levels of government. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-92855-5 SN - 978-3-319-92856-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92856-2_15 SP - 147 EP - 165 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - THES A1 - Winkler, Katrin T1 - Demokratische Praxis und Pragmatismus BT - Partizipation und Repräsentation auf Bundes- und Berliner Landesebene T2 - Bürgergesellschaft und Demokratie N2 - Dass sich die repräsentative Demokratie in Deutschland im Wandel befindet, ist nicht neu und kaum umstritten. Herausforderungen im Kontext der Partizipation und Repräsentation rufen ihrerseits Probleme auf Seiten der Input-Legitimation hervor. Demgemäß ist das grundlegende demokratiepolitische Anliegen dieser Arbeit, am Beispiel der Bundes- und Berliner Landesebene darzustellen, wie der repräsentative Politikprozess partizipativer und dennoch effektiv gestaltet werden kann. Basierend auf der philosophischen Strömung des Pragmatismus verfolgt und diskutiert die Arbeit die Synthese aus der pragmatistischen Demokratiekonzeption von Archon Fung und dem empirischen Forschungsprogramm der kriterienbasierten Evaluation demokratischer Innovationen. Dabei wird das analytische Vorgehen Archon Fungs kritisch erweitert, um dem dieser Arbeit zugrunde liegenden Konzept einer komplexen Bürgergesellschaft – als normativer und praktischer Bezugspunkt – gerecht zu werden. Fungs Konzept wird demnach um die liberale Sphäre der Öffentlichkeit, mithin um die zivilgesellschaftlichen Handlungszusammenhänge ergänzt. Auf Grundlage der Diskussion von demokratischen Innovationen werden schließlich demokratie- und engagementpolitische Handlungsempfehlungen in der Dimension der Partizipation und in der Dimension der Repräsentation formuliert. Mithin verfolgt die Arbeit eine problem- und lösungsorientierte Ergänzung der repräsentativen Demokratie. Gleichwohl ist die Arbeit als eine pragmatistisch angeleitete Konzeptstudie für die Entwicklung einer beteiligungsorientierten Praxis in der repräsentativen Demokratie zu verstehen, die trotz ihres theoretischen Charakters ganz im Sinne des Pragmatismus die notwendige empirische Orientierung aufweist. Damit wird das zuweilen problematische Verhältnis zwischen Politischer Theorie und empirischer Demokratieforschung überwunden. N2 - The German system of representative democracy is in a modus of change – this is a well-known fact and hardly ever doubted: Challenges in terms of participation and representation lead to difficulties regarding input-legitimation. Hence, the purpose of this work is to demonstrate in which ways the representative policy process could be modified to become more participatory while not less effective looking at federal level and the Federal state level of Berlin. Based on the philosophy of pragmatism the book traces and discusses the synthesis of Archon Fung`s pragmatic conception of democracy and the empirical research program of criteria-based evaluation of democratic innovations. In the course of debate Archon Fung`s analytical approach is enhanced critically to conform to the underlying concept of a complex citizen society as the normative and practical reference point of this work. Fung`s concept is therefore supplemented with the topic of liberal public sphere as well as contexts of action in civil society. Based on the discussion of democratic innovations recommendations of democratic und civil action concerning the dimensions of participation and representation will be developed. Consequently this study pursues a problem-oriented and solution-focused addition to the theory of representative democracy. Nevertheless the work has to be seen as a pragmatically instructed concept study in order to advance the development of a participatory practice in representative democracy. Despite its theoretical character, the study possesses the indispensable empirical orientation in the sense of pragmatism. Thereby the occasionally problematic relation between political theory and empirical research on democracy is resolved. KW - Pragmatismus KW - Partizipation KW - Repräsentation KW - Zivilgesellschaft KW - Demokratietheorie KW - pragmatism KW - participation KW - representation KW - civil society KW - democratic theory Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-658-20667-3 VL - 2018 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - THES A1 - Kilgus, Tobias T1 - Der Integrationsprozess Kosovos in die Europäische Union T1 - The process of Kosovo’s integration into the European Union BT - eine Analyse der EU-Kosovo-Beziehungen und ihrer Zukunftsperspektiven BT - an analysis of the EU-Kosovo relationship and its future prospects T2 - Region - Nation - Europa N2 - Die Republik Kosovo stellt einen Beitrittskandidaten sui generis in der Erweiterungsgeschichte der Europäischen Union dar. Die besonderen Beziehungen zwischen der EU und dem "potenziellen" Kandidaten resultieren aus dem ungelösten Territorialkonflikt mit Serbien, dem unvollendeten Staatsaufbau sowie der eingeschränkten Souveränität Kosovos. Diese Einzelfallstudie untersucht Kosovos Integrationsprozess in den Staatenverbund im Kontext der Spezifika des Beitrittsaspiranten, der stockenden EU-Südosterweiterung und der multiplen EU-Krise. Davon ausgehend werden vier Zukunftsszenarien für Kosovos Integrationsverlauf, auch mit Blick auf differenzierte Integrationsoptionen, entwickelt. N2 - The Republic of Kosovo is classified as a membership candidate sui generis within the enlargement history of the European Union. The special relationship between the EU and the potential membership candidate results from the unresolved secession conflict with Serbia, the young republic’s incomplete state structures and Kosovo's limited sovereignty. This single-case study examines Kosovo’s integration process into the European association of states in the context of Kosovo’s unique aspirant character, the slow EU enlargement process in the Western Balkans and the European Union’s multiple crises. Based on the case-specific results, four future scenarios for Kosovo’s EU integration were developed - taking into account differentiated integration options. KW - Europäische Integration KW - Erweiterung KW - EU KW - Kosovo KW - Szenario KW - European integration KW - enlargement KW - EU KW - Kosovo KW - scenario Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-643-14079-1 IS - 84 PB - LIT CY - Münster ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polens Platz in der EU T2 - WeltTrends - Das außenpolitische Journal N2 - In der deutschen Öffentlichkeit wird Polen oft als nationalistisch, uneuropäisch und letztlich undankbar dargestellt. Es ist deshalb für die Debatte hilfreich, wenn polnische Sichten zur Kenntnis genommen und nicht alte Klischees im neuen EU-Gewand weitergepflegt werden. In WeltTrends 143 kommen polnische Autorinnen und Autoren zu Wort. Sie sprechen offen die Probleme im bilateralen und europäischen Verhältnis an und bieten so manch neue Sicht. Zugleich bringen sie zutage, dass es bei allen Differenzen, die sich in den letzten Jahren aufgetan haben, weiterhin viele Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen Polen und Deutschland in den strategischen Fragen zur EU gibt. Y1 - 2018 SN - 0944-8101 IS - 143 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ette, Ottmar T1 - Für Menschenwürde in Guatemala BT - Zum Wirken der Soziologin Gladys Tzul Tzul JF - Polens Platz in der EU (WeltTrends 143) Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-945878-96-5 SN - 0944-8101 IS - 143 SP - 56 EP - 59 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lange, Felix T1 - Between Systematization and Expertise for Foreign Policy BT - The Practice-Oriented Approach in Germany’s International Legal Scholarship (1920–1980) T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - German international legal scholarship has been known for its practice-oriented, doctrinal approach to international law. On the basis of archival material, this article tracks how this methodological take on international law developed in Germany between the 1920s and the 1980s. In 1924, as a reaction to the establishment of judicial institutions in the Treaty of Versailles, the German Reich founded the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law. Director Viktor Bruns institutionalized the practice-oriented method to advance the idea of international law as a legal order as well as to safeguard the interests of the Weimar government before the various courts. Under National Socialism, members of the Institute provided legal justifications for Hitler’s increasingly radical foreign policy. At the same time, some of them did not engage with völkisch-racist theories, but systematized the existing ius in bello. After 1945, Hermann Mosler, as director of the renamed Max Planck Institute, took the view that the practice-oriented approach was not as discredited as the more theoretical approach of völkisch international law. Furthermore, he regarded the method as a promising vehicle to support the policy of Westintegration of Konrad Adenauer. Also, he tried to promote the idea of ‘international society as a legal community’ by analysing international practice. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 8 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421895 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Randman-Liiv, Tiina A1 - Vintar, Mirko A1 - Proeller, Isabella A1 - Profiroiu, Marius Constantin T1 - EGPA and the European Administrative Space BT - Strategic Partnership with NISPAcee and the Trans-European Dialogue (TED) JF - Public Administration in Europe : The Contribution of EGPA N2 - The chapter aims at addressing collaboration between the two main professional organizations in the field of Public Administration in Europe—the European Group of Public Administration (EGPA) and the Network of Institutes and Schools of Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe (NISPAcee)—in their contribution to understanding, creating and institutionalizing the European Administrative Space. While the chapter gives an overview of both informal collaboration between Eastern and Western European scholars, and a joint accreditation initiative (EAPAA), its main focus is on Trans-European Dialogue (TED). The chapter outlines the challenges for the future of TED and proposes other potential ways of EGPA-NISPAcee collaboration. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-92855-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92856-2_9 SP - 71 EP - 81 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - THES A1 - Massué, Cyriac ED - Proeller, Isabella ED - Silvia von, Steinsdorff ED - Sommermann, Karl-Peter ED - Capitant, David ED - Larat, Fabrice T1 - Valoriser les synergies franco-allemandes dans l’innovation au service de la transition énergétique. Les leçons du Programme Inter Carnot Fraunhofer (PICF) T2 - MEGA-Schriftenreihe N2 - Face à l’urgence environnementale, l’innovation dans le domaine des nouvelles technologies de l’énergie (NTE) constitue un défi primordial. Les NTE constituent un marché concurrentiel en plein expansion, où s’affrontent dès à présent les acteurs de l’innovation internationale. La R&D énergétique représente donc pour l’Europe un défi multiple : Il s’agit de développer les technologies qui nous permettrons de réduire nos émissions de gaz à effet de serre et nos dépendances énergétiques. L’innovation produite devra également garantir la place de l’industrie européenne à la pointe du marché des NTE dans un contexte hautement compétitif. La collaboration franco-allemande en matière de R&D énergétique recèle ici un potentiel d’innovation disruptive particulièrement important, grâce à des paysages de R&D fortement complémentaires. Les programmes bilatéraux constituent un outil prometteur pour la valorisation des synergies inexploitées. En permettant la mise en place de partenariats franco-allemands restreints, autour de thématiques précises, ils constituent en effet un outil complémentaire aux programmes européens. Le Programme Inter Carnot-Fraunhofer (PICF) constitue un exemple abouti de programme bilatéral ayant permis la concrétisation de collaborations mutuellement bénéfiques dans le domaine des NTE, grâce à la mise au point d’une procédure harmonisée. Néanmoins, l’analyse du PICF montre également que les programmes bilatéraux franco-allemands devront prévoir la possibilité de financements-relai afin de pérenniser les échanges. Dans le contexte particulier des NTE, une extension aux projets de démonstration ainsi qu’un ciblage des sujets porteurs sur la base d’un comité consultatif scientifique indépendant paraissent indispensables. Ces efforts franco-allemands pourront servir de modèle à l’innovation de rupture basée sur la valorisation des synergies intra-européennes. N2 - Im Kontext steigender Umweltbelastungen stellen Innovationen auf dem Gebiet der Energietechnologien eine zentrale Herausforderung dar. Dieser rapide wachsende Markt ist schon heute der Schauplatz eines erbitterten internationalen Wettbewerbs. Somit stellt die Energieforschung für Europa eine mehrfache Herausforderung dar: Die entwickelten Technologien sollen dabei helfen unsere Treibhausgasemissionen zu verringern und gleichzeitig unsere Abhängigkeiten beschränken. Zudem soll die produzierte Innovation dazu beitragen, den Industriestandort Europa als Spitzenreiter auf dem weltweit umkämpften Markt der Energietechnologien zu positionieren. Dank der sich stark ergänzenden nationalen Forschungslandschaften, birgt die deutsch-französische Energieforschungskooperation ein besonders hohes Potenzial. Bilaterale Forschungsprogramme sind ein vielversprechendes Werkzeug um ungenutzte Synergien zu fördern. Indem gezielt deutsch-französische Partnerschaften um bestimmte Fragestellungen angesprochen werden, vervollständigen bilaterale Programme die europäischen Förderwerkzeuge. Das Programm Inter Carnot Fraunhofer (PICF) ist ein ausgereiftes Beispiel eines solchen Programms. Dank harmonisierter Prozeduren, konnten gegenseitig vorteilhafte Kooperationsprojekte im Energiebereich verwirklicht werden. Die Untersuchung des PICF zeigt allerdings auch, dass bilaterale Förderprogramme die Möglichkeit einer Anschlussfinanzierung beinhalten müssen, um die angegangene Zusammenarbeit zu erhalten und zur Vollendung zu bringen. Im Kontext der Energieforschung sollten ebenfalls Demonstrationsprojekte in die Zielgruppe der bilateralen Förderprogramme aufgenommen werden. Ausschreibungen sollten thematisch eingegrenzt werden, fußend auf den Empfehlungen eines unabhängigen wissenschaftlichen Gremiums. Die deutsch-französischen Bestrebungen werden als Beispiel dafür dienen, wie innereuropäische Synergien zu bahnbrechender Innovation geführt werden können. N2 - In the context of increasing environmental concerns, innovation in the field of energy technologies represents a central bottleneck. This rapidly growing market is already the scene of fierce international competition. Energy research therefore represents a multiple challenge for Europe: The technologies developed should help reducing greenhouse gas emissions, while at the same time limiting our dependencies. In addition, the innovation produced should help positioning industrial Europe as a frontrunner in the globally competitive energy technology market. Thanks to the highly complementary national research landscapes, the Franco-German energy research cooperation has particularly high potential. Bilateral research programs are a promising tool for promoting untapped synergies. By addressing bilateral Franco-German partnerships on specific issues, bilateral programs complete the European funding tools. The Inter Carnot Fraunhofer (PICF) program is a mature example of such a program. Thanks to harmonized procedures, mutually beneficial cooperation projects in the energy sector could be realized. The PICF investigation also shows, however, that bilateral funding programs must include the possibility of follow-up funding in order to maintain the cooperation and bring it to completion. In the context of energy research, demonstration projects should also be included in the target group of the bilateral funding programs. Calls for proposals should be thematically limited based on the recommendations of an independent scientific body. Franco-German endeavors could then serve as a model of how intra-European synergies can be transformed into groundbreaking innovation. T3 - MEGA-Schriftenreihe - 4 KW - transition énergétique KW - franco-allemand KW - synergies KW - Energiewende KW - deutsch-französisch KW - Synergien KW - energy revolution KW - franco-german KW - synergies Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-491892 SN - 2701-391X IS - 4 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER -