TY - JOUR A1 - Kesting, Marietta T1 - Human after man BT - Menschenbild, Technologie, Afrofuturismus und spekulative Wissensproduktion - zweite Einführung JF - Human after man Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-0358-0465-2 SP - 25 EP - 32 PB - Diaphanes CY - Zürich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Jianghong A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Kaiser, Till A1 - Hipp, Lena T1 - Who suffered most? BT - parental stress and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany JF - Journal of family research N2 - Objective: This study examines gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parental psychological wellbeing (parenting stress and psychological distress) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Background: The dramatic shift of childcare and schooling responsibility from formal institutions to private households during the pandemic has put families under enormous stress and raised concerns about caregivers' health and wellbeing. Despite the overwhelming media attention to families’ wellbeing, to date limited research has examined parenting stress and parental psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in Germany. Method: We analyzed four waves of panel data (N= 1,771) from an opt-in online survey, which was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021. Multivariable OLS regressions were used to estimate variations in the pandemic's effects on parenting stress and psychological distress by various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Results: Overall, levels of parenting stress and psychological distress increased during the pandemic. During the first and third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, mothers, parents with children younger than 11 years, parents with two or more children, parents working from home as well as parents with financial insecurity experienced higher parenting stress than other sociodemographic groups. Moreover, women, respondents with lower incomes, single parents, and parents with younger children experienced higher levels of psychological distress than other groups. Conclusion: Gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parents' psychological wellbeing increased among the study participants during the pandemic. KW - COVID-19 KW - parenting stress KW - gender inequality KW - mental health KW - psychological distress KW - Germany KW - children Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-704 SN - 2699-2337 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 281 EP - 309 PB - University of Bamberg Press CY - Bamberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Hipp, Lena T1 - How can we become more equal? BT - public policies and parents’ work–family preferences in Germany JF - Journal of European social policy N2 - This study examines how public policies affect parents' preferences for a more egalitarian division of paid and unpaid work. Based on the assumption that individuals develop their preferences within a specific policy context, we examine how changes in three policies affect mothers' and fathers' work-family preferences: the availability of high-quality, affordable childcare; the right to return to a full-time job after having reduced hours to part-time and an increase in the number of 'partner months' in parental leave schemes. Analysing a unique probability sample of parents with young children in Germany from 2015 (N = 1756), we find that fathers would want to work slightly fewer hours if they had the right to return to a full-time position after working part-time, and mothers would want to work slightly more hours if childcare opportunities were improved. Full-time working parents, moreover, are found to prefer fewer hours independent of the policy setting, while non-employed parents would like to work at least some hours. Last but not least, our analyses show that increasing the number of partner months in the parental leave scheme considerably increases fathers' preferences for longer and mothers' preferences for shorter leave. Increasing the number of partner months in parental schemes hence has the greatest potential to increase gender equality. KW - work-family policies KW - parental leave KW - childcare KW - working time KW - regulations KW - parenthood KW - working hours KW - gender equality KW - preferences KW - capabilities framework Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/09589287211035701 SN - 0958-9287 SN - 1461-7269 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 182 EP - 196 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Risky journeys BT - risk and decision‐making among potential irregular migrants in Senegal and Guinea JF - International migration N2 - In response to well-documented harms inflicted on irregular migrants attempting to travel from West Africa to Europe, various actors have scaled up information interventions to counter misinformation by smuggling networks and facilitate safe migration decisions. Many interventions include information on the potential dangers involved in migration. However, there is a striking lack of empirical evidence assessing a key assumption of campaign effectiveness, that is the relationship between risk perceptions and the decision to migrate irregularly. This study contributes an empirical account based on two independently collected surveys in Senegal and Guinea. Consistent with rational choice theories on migration decisions under uncertainty, the results suggest that higher risk perceptions are consistently and strongly associated with reduced intentions to migrate irregularly. Yet, the explanatory power of risk perceptions depends on context and is generally less important than structural and socio-economic factors. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13003 SN - 0020-7985 SN - 1468-2435 VL - 61 IS - 2 SP - 212 EP - 225 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ndashimye, Felix A1 - Hebie, Oumarou A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Effectiveness of WhatsApp for measuring migration in follow-up phone surveys BT - lessons from a mode experiment in two low-income countries during COVID contact restrictions JF - Social science computer review N2 - Phone surveys have increasingly become important data collection tools in developing countries, particularly in the context of sudden contact restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, there is limited evidence regarding the potential of the messenger service WhatsApp for remote data collection despite its large global coverage and expanding membership. WhatsApp may offer advantages in terms of reducing panel attrition and cutting survey costs. WhatsApp may offer additional benefits to migration scholars interested in cross-border migration behavior which is notoriously difficult to measure using conventional face-to-face surveys. In this field experiment, we compared the response rates between WhatsApp and interactive voice response (IVR) modes using a sample of 8446 contacts in Senegal and Guinea. At 12%, WhatsApp survey response rates were nearly eight percentage points lower than IVR survey response rates. However, WhatsApp offers higher survey completion rates, substantially lower costs and does not introduce more sample selection bias compared to IVR. We discuss the potential of WhatsApp surveys in low-income contexts and provide practical recommendations for field implementation. KW - WhatsApp KW - survey mode KW - migration KW - Covid KW - phone Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393221111340 SN - 0894-4393 SN - 1552-8286 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abramova, Olga A1 - Wagner, Amina A1 - Olt, Christian M. A1 - Buxmann, Peter T1 - One for all, all for one BT - social considerations in user acceptance of contact tracing apps using longitudinal evidence from Germany and Switzerland JF - International Journal of Information Management N2 - We propose a conceptual model of acceptance of contact tracing apps based on the privacy calculus perspective. Moving beyond the duality of personal benefits and privacy risks, we theorize that users hold social considerations (i.e., social benefits and risks) that underlie their acceptance decisions. To test our propositions, we chose the context of COVID-19 contact tracing apps and conducted a qualitative pre-study and longitudinal quantitative main study with 589 participants from Germany and Switzerland. Our findings confirm the prominence of individual privacy calculus in explaining intention to use and actual behavior. While privacy risks are a significant determinant of intention to use, social risks (operationalized as fear of mass surveillance) have a notably stronger impact. Our mediation analysis suggests that social risks represent the underlying mechanism behind the observed negative link between individual privacy risks and contact tracing apps' acceptance. Furthermore, we find a substantial intention–behavior gap. KW - digital contact tracing KW - privacy calculus KW - longitudinal study KW - privacy risks KW - surveillance KW - intention-behavior gap Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102473 SN - 0268-4012 SN - 1873-4707 VL - 64 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier CY - Kidlington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Präg, Patrick A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Richards, Lindsay T1 - Intragenerational social mobility and well-being in Great Britain BT - a biomarker approach JF - Social forces N2 - Social theory has long predicted that social mobility, in particular downward social mobility, is detrimental to the well-being of individuals. Dissociative and “falling from grace” theories suggest that mobility is stressful due to the weakening of social ties, feelings of alienation, and loss of status. In light of these theories, it is a puzzle that the majority of quantitative studies in this area have shown null results. Our approach to resolve the puzzle is two-fold. First, we argue for a broader conception of the mobility process than is often used and thus focus on intragenerational occupational class mobility rather than restricting ourselves to the more commonly studied intergenerational mobility. Second, we argue that self-reported measures may be biased by habituation (or “entrenched deprivation”). Using nurse-collected health and biomarker data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010–2012, N = 4,123), we derive a measure of allostatic load as an objective gauge of physiological “wear and tear” and compare patterns of mobility effects with self-reports of health using diagonal reference models. Our findings indicate a strong class gradient in both allostatic load and self-rated health, and that both first and current job matter for current well-being outcomes. However, in terms of the effects of mobility itself, we find that intragenerational social mobility is consequential for allostatic load, but not for self-rated health. Downward mobility is detrimental and upward mobility beneficial for well-being as assessed by allostatic load. Thus, these findings do not support the idea of generalized stress from dissociation, but they do support the “falling from grace” hypothesis of negative downward mobility effects. Our findings have a further implication, namely that the differences in mobility effects between the objective and subjective outcome infer the presence of entrenched deprivation. Null results in studies of self-rated outcomes may therefore be a methodological artifact, rather than an outright rejection of decades-old social theory. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soab153 SN - 0037-7732 SN - 1534-7605 VL - 101 IS - 2 SP - 665 EP - 693 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Ox ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omranian, Sara A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - CUBCO+: prediction of protein complexes based on min-cut network partitioning into biclique spanned subgraphs JF - Applied Network Science N2 - High-throughput proteomics approaches have resulted in large-scale protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks that have been employed for the prediction of protein complexes. However, PPI networks contain false-positive as well as false-negative PPIs that affect the protein complex prediction algorithms. To address this issue, here we propose an algorithm called CUBCO+ that: (1) employs GO semantic similarity to retain only biologically relevant interactions with a high similarity score, (2) based on link prediction approaches, scores the false-negative edges, and (3) incorporates the resulting scores to predict protein complexes. Through comprehensive analyses with PPIs from Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Homo sapiens, we show that CUBCO+ performs as well as the approaches that predict protein complexes based on recently introduced graph partitions into biclique spanned subgraphs and outperforms the other state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, we illustrate that in combination with GO semantic similarity, CUBCO+ enables us to predict more accurate protein complexes in 36% of the cases in comparison to CUBCO as its predecessor. KW - Protein complexes KW - Protein–protein interaction KW - Network clustering KW - Species comparison Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-022-00508-5 SN - 2364-8228 VL - 7 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Liedl, Bernd T1 - Who belongs to the middle income class in Europe? BT - the role of gender-specific occupational characteristics in multi-level analyses for 17 European countries JF - International journal of sociology N2 - For many years scholars and politicians discuss the economic importance of the middle income class. Our article contributes to broaden the present state of research by not only examining the structure of the middle class whilst focusing on individual attributes, but by especially taking the role of gender-specific occupational characteristics and country-specific conditions into account. Based on the EU-SILC data 2020 for 17 countries, we analyze which factors affect the structure of the middle income class on the individual, on the occupational and country level. Our findings show that occupational attributes (e.g. part-time rate) prove to be highly relevant in this realm. Moreover, significant gender differences can be observed: women who work in an occupation which is mainly performed by women bear a higher risk of belonging to the lower income class as compared to men. KW - multi-level analysis;structure of the middle income class KW - gender-specific occupational KW - characteristics KW - social stratification KW - European comparison Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2151765 SN - 0020-7659 SN - 1557-9336 VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 59 EP - 82 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hodges, Ron A1 - Caperchione, Eugenio A1 - van Helden, Jan A1 - Reichard, Christoph A1 - Sorrentino, Daniela T1 - The role of scientific expertise in COVID-19 policy-making BT - evidence from four european countries JF - Public organization review N2 - Immense uncertainty and the need for drastic interventions cause politicians to rely heavily on scientific advice for underpinning or legitimating their COVID-19 decision-making. This paper explores the role of scientific advice in this policy field in Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK. It shows that scientific advice is based on the disciplinary, mainly medical, backgrounds of advisors but is also influenced by social and economic values, which are core to what politicians find important. During the pandemic a growing gap between scientific advice and political decisions is observed. KW - COVID-19 policy making KW - Scientific advice KW - Political logics KW - Scientific KW - logics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-022-00614-z SN - 1566-7170 SN - 1573-7098 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 249 EP - 267 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarzenthal, Miriam A1 - Juang, Linda P. A1 - Moffitt, Ursula A1 - Schachner, Maja K. T1 - Critical consciousness socialization at school BT - classroom climate, perceived societal islamophobia, and critical action among adolescents JF - Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence N2 - Schools are key contexts for the development of adolescents' critical consciousness. We explored how three dimensions of the classroom cultural diversity climate (critical consciousness, color-evasion, and multiculturalism) related to adolescents' critical reflection (i.e., perceived societal Islamophobia) and intended critical action (i.e., political activism). Our sample included adolescents experiencing high (second generation, Muslim, N = 237) versus low (non-immigrant descent, non-Muslim, N = 478) stigmatization in Germany. Multilevel analyses revealed that for both groups a critical consciousness climate, but not a color-evasive or a multicultural climate, was positively associated with perceived societal Islamophobia and intended critical action. Thus, to promote adolescents' critical consciousness, schools should go beyond emphasizing a common humanity and celebrating cultural diversity and include explicit discussions of social inequity. KW - critical consciousness KW - classroom cultural diversity climate KW - Islamophobia KW - adolescents Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12713 SN - 1050-8392 SN - 1532-7795 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 1452 EP - 1469 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C. T1 - Potentially disabled? JF - Inquiry N2 - Ten years ago, I was diagnosed with a rare illness called Myasthenia Gravis. Myasthenia Gravis is a long-term neuromuscular autoimmune disease where antibodies block or destroy specific receptors at the junction between nerve and muscle; hence, nerve impulses fail to trigger muscle contractions. The disease leads to varying degrees of muscle weakness. Currently, I have only minor symptoms, I am not seriously impaired, and I do not suffer from any social disadvantage because of my illness. Yet, my life and my body since my diagnosis feel different than before. In this paper I aim to make this feeling intelligible and propose that it is a state of what I call ‘latent impairment’. Latent impairment is a state of being ‘in between’, different from being actually impaired and also different from being abled-bodied. The theory takes its cues both from social constructionist theories of disability as well as theories of (chronic) illness and their focus on the importance of subjectivity. Furthermore, I suggest that a phenomenological understanding of latent impairment can show possible ways of becoming an ally to the DRM. KW - disability KW - chronic illness KW - latent impairment KW - social construction Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2022.2136753 SN - 0020-174X SN - 1502-3923 SP - 1 EP - 26 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Lietz, Almuth A1 - Mayer, Sabrina J. T1 - Overeducation as moderator for the link between job change and job satisfaction among immigrants and natives in Germany JF - Current psychology N2 - Job satisfaction is a major driver of an individual’s subjective well-being and thus affects public health, societal prosperity, and organisations, as dissatisfied employees are less productive and more likely to change jobs. However, changing jobs does not necessarily lead to higher job satisfaction in the long run. Previous studies have shown, instead, that changing jobs only increases job satisfaction for a short period of time before it gradually falls back to similar levels as before. This phenomenon is known as the ’honeymoon–hangover’ pattern. In our study, we identify an important new moderator of the relation between job change and job satisfaction: the job–education match of job changes. Based on relative deprivation theory, we argue that job changes from being overeducated in a job lowers the likelihood of negative comparisons and thus increases the honeymoon period, lessens the hangover period, and increases long-term job satisfaction. We use data from the Socio-Economic Panel ranging from 1994–2018 and focus specifically on individual periods of employees before and after job changes (n = 134,404). Our results confirm that a change to a job that requires a matched education has a stronger and longer-lasting effect on job satisfaction, and that this effect is slightly lower for respondents born abroad. KW - job satisfaction KW - overeducation KW - job changes KW - honeymoon-hangover KW - immigration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03695-7 SN - 1046-1310 SN - 1936-4733 VL - 42 IS - 30 SP - 26692 EP - 26708 PB - Springer CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Tjaden, Jasper Dag T1 - Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy JF - Frontiers in Sociology N2 - Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers. KW - refugees KW - allocation policies KW - rural KW - language acquisition KW - intergroup contacts KW - language courses KW - integration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.841775 SN - 2297-7775 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian A1 - Schmitz, Andreas T1 - Divorce à l’allemande T1 - Divorce à l’allemande T1 - Scheidung auf Deutsch T1 - Divorcio a la alemana BT - luttes symboliques et tensions institutionnelles dans la sociologie allemande contemporaine BT - luttes symboliques et tensions institutionnelles dans la sociologie allemande contemporaine BT - luchas simbólicas y tensiones institucionales en la sociología alemana contemporánea JF - Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales N2 - Avec la création de l’Académie de sociologie (AS), le champ sociologique allemand compte désormais une nouvelle association professionnelle qui s’ajoute à la Société allemande de sociologie (DGS), établie de longue date. Cet article passe en revue les principales positions discursives, les sujets de controverse majeurs ainsi que les grandes lignes de fracture qui ont conduit à ce schisme. Les conflits contemporains sont interprétés au travers d’une représentation empirique du champ de la sociologie allemande. De manière générale, la sociologie allemande contemporaine apparaît une fois de plus dominée par deux camps opposés, arbitrairement définis mais puissants, qui se partagent la domination d’une discipline, pourtant réellement pluraliste. N2 - The German sociological field is now divided along two professional associations, the recently created Academy of Sociology (Akademie für Soziologie, AS) and the long-established German Sociological Association (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie, DGS). This article examines the main discursive positions, controversies and fault-lines that have contributed to this schism, based on an empirical study of the field of sociology in Germany. It underscores that these professional associations reflect, yet again, a divide between two opposed, powerful, yet arbitrarily defined poles that dominate the discipline despite its effective pluralism. N2 - Mit der Gründung der Akademie für Soziologie (AS) entstand im deutschen soziologischen Feld eine neue berufsständische Vereinigung neben der seit langem etablierten Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die wesentlichen diskursiven Positionen und Kontroversen sowie die Bruchlinien, die zu diesem Schisma geführt haben. Die zeitgenössischen Konflikte werden anhand einer empirischen Darstellung des deutschen soziologischen Feldes interpretiert. Grundsätzlich scheint die deutsche Soziologie gegenwärtig erneut in zwei gegnerische Lager gespalten zu sein, die nur vag definiert aber einflussreich sind, und die versuchen, die Disziplin unter sich aufteilen, obwohl diese in Wahrheit pluralistisch ist. N2 - A partir de la creación de la Academia de Sociología (AS), el campo de la sociología alemana cuenta con una nueva asociación profesional que se suma a la ya establecida Sociedad Alemana de Sociología (DGS). Este artículo repasa las principales posturas discursivas, controversias y líneas de fractura que condujeron a esta ruptura. Se trata de interpretar aquí los conflictos contemporáneos a través de una representación empírica del campo de la sociología alemana. En general, la sociología alemana contemporánea parece estar nuevamente dominada por dos campos opuestos, arbitrariamente definidos pero poderosos, que se reparten el dominio de una disciplina verdaderamente pluralista. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3917/arss.243.0110 SN - 0335-5322 SN - 1955-2564 VL - 48 IS - 3-4 (243-244) SP - 110 EP - 123 PB - Ed. du Seuil CY - Paris ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Büchner, Stefanie A1 - Dosdall, Henrik T1 - Organisation und digitale Technologien BT - Predictive Policing im organisationalen Kontext JF - Soziale Systeme N2 - Die Mehrheit aktueller Studien schätzt das Transformationspotenzial digitaler Technologien für Organisationen hoch ein. In Auseinandersetzung mit dieser Einschätzung entwickelt der Artikel eine konzeptionelle organisationssoziologische Perspektive auf das Verhältnis von Organisation und digitalen Technologien. Wir nutzen diese Perspektive, um den Fall des Predictive Policing in Deutschland zu betrachten und die Entscheidung zur Adaption der Technologie, ihre organisationale Situierung sowie die Rolle des Organisationstyps zu diskutieren. Unsere Perspektive führt zu einem zurückhaltenden Urteil über das Transformationspotenzial dieser digitalen Technologie, die wir daher als Reform unter anderen Reformen begreifen. Insgesamt argumentieren wir dafür, Digitalisierung stärker als bisher als heterogenen Prozess zu verstehen. N2 - Most current studies consider the transformation potential of digital technologies to be high. Taking issue with this evaluation, we develop a conceptual perspective rooted in the sociology of organizations on the relation between organizations and digital technologies. Subsequently, we use this perspective to analyze predictive policing in Germany. We examine the decision to adapt predictive policing, the organizational embedding of the technology and the role of police as a distinct organization. Our perspective leads us to judge the transformation potential of the particular digital technology predictive policing with some reservation. From our perspective, predictive policing represents a routine reform. Overall, we argue for an understanding of digitalization as a heterogenous process. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/sosys-2021-0008 SN - 0948-423X SN - 2366-0473 VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SP - 217 EP - 239 PB - De Gruyter Oldenbourg CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giannetti, Daniela A1 - Umansky, Karen A1 - Sened, Itai T1 - The entry of the M5S and the reshaping of party politics in Italy (2008–2018) JF - Government & opposition N2 - This article examines how challenger parties enter the political arena and the effect of this entry by looking at the Italian 5 Star Movement (Movimento 5 Stelle – M5S). We explain the M5S's entry strategy in 2013 using the spatial approach to party competition and employing expert survey data collected for each national election between 2008 and 2018. These data allow us to analyse the changing spatial configuration of Italian politics due to the increasing salience of pro/anti-EU and pro/anti-immigration dimensions. We then apply the theoretical notion of the uncovered set (UCS) to trace how the M5S's entry reshaped the overall space of party competition, causing a realignment of existing parties. This work contributes to the ongoing debate on the electoral success of challenger parties and the emerging cleavages and polarization of party systems in Western European countries. KW - populist parties KW - issue salience KW - uncovered set KW - 5 star movement KW - Italy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2022.38 SN - 0017-257X SN - 1477-7053 VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 464 EP - 481 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dapprich, Jan Philipp A1 - Cockshott, William Paul T1 - Input-output planning and information JF - Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization N2 - In this paper, we show how socialist planning can be based on input-output data. We argue that the information required for this can be obtained by a central planning agency and thus dismiss Hayek’s information argument against socialism. We further show how economic planning can be made responsive to consumer demand through a feedback control mechanism. Output targets of products would be adjusted in response to observed consumer demand or based on predictions about future demand. Planners can use machine learning to make more accurate forecasts. The valuation of goods plays an important role in the feedback control mechanism. The values of goods can either be measured by the labour time necessary for their production (labour values) or through shadow prices based on linear programming. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.10.043 SN - 0167-2681 IS - 205 SP - 412 EP - 422 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teichmann, Malte A1 - Vladova, Gergana A1 - Gronau, Norbert T1 - Conception of subject-oriented learning BT - ameso-didactic design framework for learning scenarios for manufacturing JF - SSRN eLibrary / Social Science Research Network N2 - Competence development must change at all didactic levels to meet the new requirements triggered by digitization. Unlike classic learning theories and the resulting popular approaches (e.g., sender-receiver model), future-oriented vocational training must include new learning theory impulses in the discussion about competence acquisition. On the one hand, these impulses are often very well elaborated on the theoretical side, but the transfer into innovative learning environments - such as learning factories - is often still missing. On the other hand, actual learning factory (design) approaches often concentrate primarily on the technical side. Subject-oriented learning theory enables the design of competence development-oriented vocational training projectsin learning factories in which persons can obtain relevant competencies for digitization. At the same time, such learning theory approaches assume a potentially infinite number of learning interests and reasons. Following this, competence development is always located in an institutional or organizational context. The paper conceptionally answers how this theoryimmanent challenge is synthesizable with the reality of organizationally competence development requirements. KW - subject-oriented learning KW - learning scenario for manufacturing KW - didactic framework KW - action problems KW - didactic concept Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4457995 SN - 1556-5068 PB - Social Science Electronic Publ. CY - [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brosius-Gersdorf, Frauke T1 - Die Gliederung des Gefahrtarifs der Unfallversicherungsträger nach Tarifstellen (Teil I) JF - Die Sozialgerichtsbarkeit N2 - Bei der Festsetzung des Gefahrtarifs steht den Unfallversicherungsträgern nach § 157 SGB VII ein weiter Gestaltungsspielraum zu. An Grenzen stößt er bei der Zusammenfassung verschiedener Gewerbezweige in einer Tarifstelle. Unternehmensarten, die ein vom Durchschnitt der Tarifstelle erheblich abweichendes Gefährdungsrisiko haben, steht ein Anspruch auf Verselbstständigung als eigene Tarifstelle oder auf Neuzuordnung zu einer anderen, passenderen Tarifstelle zu. Ein fester Grenzwert für eine nicht mehr zulässige Abweichung der Belastungsziffer von Unternehmen von der Belastungsziffer des Tarifstellendurchschnitts hat sich aber bislang nicht herausgebildet. Der vorliegende Teil I befasst sich mit dem rechtlichen Rahmen für die Tarifstellenbildung im Gefahrtarif. Teil II (abgedruckt in einem der nächsten Hefte der SGb 2023) geht auf den aktuellen Fall des 4. Gefahrtarifs der BG BAU ein. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.37307/j.1864-8029.2023.08.03 SN - 0943-1462 SN - 1864-8029 VL - 70 IS - 8 PB - Erich Schmidt Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brosius-Gersdorf, Frauke T1 - Die Gliederung des Gefahrtarifs der Unfallversicherungsträger nach Tarifstellen – Teil 2 JF - Die Sozialgerichtsbarkeit N2 - Der Beitrag hat sich in Teil 1 (abgedruckt in SGb 2023, 461 ff.) dem rechtlichen Rahmen und den offenen Rechtsfragen bei der Gliederung des Gefahrtarifs nach Tarifstellen gewidmet. Teil 2 zeigt anhand des aktuellen Falls des 4. Gefahrtarifs der BG BAU, welche Rechtsfehler zur Rechtswidrigkeit von Gefahrtarifen führen. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.37307/j.1864-8029.2023.09.04 SN - 0943-1462 SN - 1864-8029 VL - 70 IS - 9 PB - Erich Schmidt Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin T1 - „Fake Science“ ― Wissenschaft und Universität in transnationalen Anti-Gender-Diskursen JF - Geschlechter in Un-Ordnung: Zur Irritation von Zweigeschlechtlichkeit im Wissenschaftsdiskurs N2 - Über kaum ein Thema werden so hitzige Debatten geführt wie über Geschlechtsidentität. Das Wissen darum, dass Gender sozial konstruiert ist, wird von Anti-Gender Aktivist*innen häufig als ‚Gender-Ideologie‘ bezeichnet und ruft heftige Gegenreaktionen hervor. Dies gilt nicht nur in Deutschland – sondern länderübergreifend. Auffällig viele der transnationalen Anti- Gender Mobilisierungen der letzten 20 Jahre finden bezogen auf Bildungseinrichtungen statt. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der besonderen Rolle der Universität und der Wissenschaft für transnationale Anti-Gender Diskurse. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele zeige ich auf, dass das Verhältnis zwischen Anti-Gender Bewegungen und Wissenschaft geprägt ist von widersprüchlichen Dynamiken, von Abgrenzung aber auch Imitation. In ihrem Zusammenspiel wirken beide Dynamiken mobilisierend und tragen zum Erstarken regressiver Rollenbilder und antidemokratischer rechter Bewegungen in der breiteren Gesellschaft bei. Der letzte Teil des Beitrags ruft daher zu mehr Selbstreflexion der wissenschaftlichen Praxis auf Grundlage feministischer und intersektionaler Ansätze auf. KW - Wissenschaft KW - Anti-Feminismus KW - Anti-Gender KW - Soziale Bewegungen KW - Anti-LGBTQI* KW - Populismus KW - Mobilisierungsdynamiken KW - Neue Rechte Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8474-2679-0 SN - 978-3-8474-1852-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.4163724.12 SP - 165 EP - 180 PB - Verlag Barbara Budrich CY - Opladen, Berlin, Toronto ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niehus-Kettler, Melinda T1 - Naturalising perceived otherness BT - Embodied patterns of violence JF - Geschlechter in Un-Ordnung: Zur Irritation von Zweigeschlechtlichkeit im Wissenschaftsdiskurs N2 - This essay takes an Anglophone Cultural Studies approach to reflect on the interdependence among as well as the individual (implicit) impact of the elements constituting our (embodied) power structures. These are, e.g., bodily experience/s such as shame and fear, everyday and institutional discourses and practices, but also manifestations of differences and particularities that we transform into phenomena such as “norms”, “binary systems” and “binary organisations”. The analysis of seemingly cyclic “Othering processes” and patterns of violence shows how people who identify as trans*, inter*, or non-binary have to live through and embody epistemological, emotional, and/or physical violence. At the same time, the descriptions illustrate numberless potential forms of resistance and change. KW - binary systems KW - embodied power structures KW - embodiment KW - abuse cycles KW - patterns of violence KW - Othering KW - resistance KW - percept cycles KW - LGTBQI+ communities KW - punishment Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8474-2679-0 SN - 978-3-8474-1852-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.4163724.7 SP - 57 EP - 74 PB - Verlag Barbara Budrich CY - Opladen, Berlin, Toronto ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. A1 - Pfeifer, Harald A1 - Uhlendorff, Arne A1 - Wehner, Caroline T1 - Managers’ risk preferences and firm training investments JF - European economic review N2 - This study analyses the impact of managers’ risk preferences on their training allocation decisions. We begin by providing nationally representative evidence that managers’ risk-aversion is negatively correlated with the likelihood that their firms engage in any worker training. Using a novel vignette study, we then demonstrate that risk-tolerant and risk-averse decision makers have significantly different training preferences. Risk aversion results in increased sensitivity to turnover risk. Managers who are risk-averse offer less general training and are more reluctant to train workers with a history of job mobility. Adopting a weighting approach to flexibly control for observed differences in the characteristics of risk-averse and risk-tolerant managers, we show that our findings cannot be explained by heterogeneity in either managers’ observed characteristics or the type of firms where they work. All managers, irrespective of their risk preferences, are sensitive to the investment risk associated with training, avoiding training that is more costly or that targets those with less occupational expertise or nearing retirement. This provides suggestive evidence that the risks of training are primarily due to the risk that trained workers will leave the firm (turnover risk) rather than the risk that the benefits of training do not outweigh the costs (investment risk). KW - manager decisions KW - risk attitudes KW - employee training KW - human capital investments Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2023.104616 SN - 0014-2921 SN - 1873-572X PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lambert, Karras A1 - Fegley, Tate A1 - Candela, Rosolino A1 - Boettke, Peter A1 - Phelan, Steven A1 - Wenzel, Nikolai G. A1 - Dapprich, Jan Philipp T1 - Reply and Counter-Reply BT - on cybersocialism JF - Journal of economic behavior & organization Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.026 SN - 0167-2681 IS - 212 SP - 300 EP - 310 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen T1 - Justifying types of representative democracy BT - a response JF - Critical review of international social and political philosophy N2 - This article responds to critical reflections on my Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism by Sarah Birch, Kevin J. Elliott, Claudia Landwehr and James L. Wilson. It discusses how different types of representative democracy, especially different forms of government (presidential, parliamentary or hybrid), can be justified. It clarifies, among other things, the distinction between procedural and process equality, the strengths of semi-parliamentary government, the potential instability of constitutional designs, and the difference that theories can make in actual processes of constitutional reform. KW - political equality KW - semi-parliamentarism KW - presidentialism KW - institutional design KW - executive personalism Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2022.2159665 SN - 1369-8230 SN - 1743-8772 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bouncken, Ricarda B. A1 - Tiberius, Victor T1 - Legitimacy processes and trajectories of co-prosumption services BT - Insights from coworking space JF - Journal of service research N2 - Our study applies legitimacy theorizing to service research, zooming in on co-prosumption service business models, which reside on significant direct contacts among provider-actors and customers as well as fellow customers in the service space. Our findings are based on a longitudinal flexible pattern matching method on 17 coworking spaces. The service cocreation nuances the double role of customers as evaluators and cocreators of legitimacy. This is because customers can have immediate perceptions of the actions and values of the services in their legitimacy evaluation while cocreating the service. Legitimacy shaped via social and recursive processes occurs in three stages: provisional, calibrated, and affirmed legitimacy. Findings inform four trajectory mechanisms of value-in-use pattern provenance, emergent Business Model development adaptive to the spatial context and loyal customers, visible trances as well as inside-out and outside-in identification processes. Further, the processes in the micro-ecosystem of an interstitial service space can develop a superordinate logic which overlays the potentially present coopetive and heterogenous institutional logics and interests of service customers. KW - service business models KW - collective consumption context KW - co-creation KW - coworking spaces KW - flexible pattern matching approach Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/10946705211050208 SN - 1094-6705 SN - 1552-7379 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 64 EP - 82 PB - Sage Periodicals Press CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hesselbarth, Imke A1 - Alnoor, Alhamzah A1 - Tiberius, Victor T1 - Behavioral strategy BT - a systematic literature review and research framework JF - Management decision N2 - Purpose: Behavioral strategy, as a cognitive- and social-psychological view on strategic management, has gained increased attention. However, its conceptualization is still fuzzy and deserves an in-depth investigation. The authors aim to provide a holistic overview and classification of previous research and identify gaps to be addressed in future research. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a systematic literature review on behavioral strategy. The final sample includes 46 articles from leading management journals, based on which the authors develop a research framework. Findings: The results reveal cognition and traits as major internal factors. Besides, organizational and environmental contingencies are major external factors of behavioral strategy. Originality/value: To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first holistic systematic literature review on behavioral strategy, which categorizes previous research. KW - behavioral strategy KW - systematic literature review KW - cognition KW - traits KW - contingencies KW - Social and cognitive psychology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2021-1274 SN - 0025-1747 VL - 61 IS - 9 SP - 2740 EP - 2756 PB - Emerald CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tsebelis, George A1 - Thies, Michael A1 - Cheibub, José Antonio A1 - Dixon, Rosalind A1 - Bogéa, Daniel A1 - Ganghof, Steffen T1 - Review symposium BT - beyond presidentialism and parliamentarism JF - European political science N2 - Steffen Ganghof’s Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism: Democratic Design and the Separation of Powers (Oxford University Press, 2021) posits that “in a democracy, a constitutional separation of powers between the executive and the assembly may be desirable, but the constitutional concentration of executive power in a single human being is not” (Ganghof, 2021). To consider, examine and theorise about this, Ganghof urges engagement with semi-parliamentarism. As explained by Ganghof, legislative power is shared between two democratically legitimate sections of parliament in a semi-parliamentary system, but only one of those sections selects the government and can remove it in a no-confidence vote. Consequently, power is dispersed and not concentrated in the hands of any one person, which, Ganghof argues, can lead to an enhanced form of parliamentary democracy. In this book review symposium, George Tsebelis, Michael Thies, José Antonio Cheibub, Rosalind Dixon and Daniel Bogéa review Steffen Ganghof’s book and engage with the author about aspects of research design, case selection and theoretical argument. This symposium arose from an engaging and constructive discussion of the book at a seminar hosted by Texas A&M University in 2022. We thank Prof José Cheibub (Texas A&M) for organising that seminar and Dr Anna Fruhstorfer (University of Potsdam) for initiating this book review symposium. KW - semi-parliamentary government KW - presidentialism KW - parliamentary government KW - separation of powers KW - legislatures KW - executives KW - parliamentary democracy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-023-00426-9 SN - 1680-4333 SN - 1682-0983 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Web scraping for migration, mobility, and migrant integration studies BT - introduction, application, and potential use cases JF - International migration review N2 - Web scraping, a technique for extracting data from web pages, has been in use for decades, yet its utilization in the field of migration, mobility, and migrant integration studies has been limited. The field faces notorious limitations regarding data access and availability, particularly in low-income settings. Web scraping has the potential to provide new datasets for further qualitative and quantitative analysis. Web scraping requires no financial resources, is agnostic to epistemic divides in the field, reduces researcher bias, and increases transparency and replicability of data collection. As large providers of digital data such as Facebook or Twitter increasingly restrict access to their data for researchers, web scraping will become more important in the future and deserves its place in the toolbox of migration and mobility scholars. This short and nontechnical methods note introduces the fundamental concepts of web scraping, provides guidance on how to learn the technique, showcases practical applications of web scraping in the study of migrant populations, and discusses potential future use cases. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231208428 SN - 0197-9183 SN - 1747-7379 PB - Sage Publications CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Hagemann, Steffen T1 - Digitales Kapital: Entstehung, Reproduktion, Ungleichverteilung BT - ein Vorschlag zur Anwendung der Kapitaltheorie von Bourdieu JF - Leviathan N2 - Ausgehend von Bourdieus Kapitaltheorie diskutieren wir in diesem Beitrag, inwiefern ökonomisch verwertbare personenbezogene Daten als Fundament einer eigenständigen Form eines neuen digitalen Kapitals gesehen werden können. Als wertvolles und umkämpftes Gut entfaltet es in spezifischen Feldern eine soziale Wirkmächtigkeit und spiegelt sich in den Reproduktionsstrategien von Akteur*innen und korrespondierenden Ungleichheitsstrukturen. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/0340-0425-2023-2-325 SN - 0340-0425 SN - 1861-8588 VL - 51 IS - 2 SP - 325 EP - 355 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Wanckel, Camilla T1 - Creativity in policy capacity BT - organizational and individual determinants JF - Public administration review N2 - Creativity is a crucial part of policy capacity in governments. Existing studies on creative behavior in the public sector assess employees' openness to new ideas and creative solutions, and they confirm the relevance of organizational and individual determinants for pro-creativity attitudes. Yet we lack systemic evidence on the explicit level of work-related creativity among policy officials in government organizations. At the same time, novel technologies and particularly social networking services change the working environment of policy officials radically, alter organizational features, and may also yield crucial individual effects. Our study analyses “policy creativity” of policy officials in three European governments. We demonstrate the importance of organizational and individual features, including the stress triggered by using social networking services. Our study captures officials' creativity explicitly and adds to debates on creativity and innovation in the public sector as well as the micro-level foundations of the digital transformation in the public sector. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13676 SN - 0033-3352 SN - 1540-6210 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wrohlich, Katharina T1 - Reformen bei Elterngeld und Ehegattensplitting könnten gleichstellungspolitische Impulse setzen T1 - Reforms of parental leave benefits and the taxation of married couples could enhance gender equality JF - Wirtschaftsdienst N2 - Germany is characterised by large gender gaps in the labour market. Both the gender pay gap as well as the gender gap in working hours are among the highest in Europe. Family policy reforms such as increasing the parental leave period that is ear-marked for fathers as well as reducing the high marginal tax rates for secondary earners resulting from the joint taxation of married couples with full income splitting (“Ehegattensplitting”) could help to mitigate the existing gender gaps in the labour market. These reforms are also paramount due to the increasing labour scarcity stemming from the demographic change. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2478/wd-2023-0169 SN - 0043-6275 SN - 1613-978X VL - 103 IS - 9 SP - 600 EP - 602 PB - ZBW CY - Hamburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Bezes, Philippe A1 - Yesilkagit, Kutsal T1 - Political time in public bureaucracies BT - explaining variation of structural duration in European governments JF - Public administration review N2 - Structural duration conveys stability but also resilience in central government and is therefore a key issue in the debate on the structure and organization of government. This paper discusses three core variants of structural duration to study the explanatory relevance of politics. We compare these durations across ministerialunits in four European democracies (Germany, France, The Netherlands, and Norway) from 1980 to 2013, totaling over 17,000 units. Our empirical analyses show that cabinets’ ideological turnover and extremism are the most significant predictors of all variants of duration, whereas polarization in parliament as well as new prime ministers without office experience yield the predicted significant negative effects for most models. We discuss these findings and avenues for futureresearch that acknowledge the definition and measures for structural change as well as temporal aspects of the empirical phenomenon more explicitly. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13740 SN - 0033-3352 SN - 1540-6210 VL - 83 IS - 6 SP - 1813 EP - 1832 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lundgren, Magnus A1 - Squatrito, Theresa A1 - Sommerer, Thomas A1 - Tallberg, Jonas T1 - Introducing the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD) JF - The review of international organizations N2 - There is a growing recognition that international organizations (IOs) formulate and adopt policy in a wide range of areas. IOs have emerged as key venues for states seeking joint solutions to contemporary challenges such as climate change or COVID-19, and to establish frameworks to bolster trade, development, security, and more. In this capacity, IOs produce both extraordinary and routine policy output with a multitude of purposes, ranging from policies of historic significance like admitting new members to the more mundane tasks of administering IO staff. This article introduces the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD), which covers close to 37,000 individual policy acts of 13 multi-issue IOs in the 1980–2015 period. The dataset fills a gap in the growing body of literature on the comparative study of IOs, providing researchers with a fine-grained perspective on the structure of IO policy output and data for comparisons across time, policy areas, and organizations. This article describes the construction and coverage of the dataset and identifies key temporal and cross-sectional patterns revealed by the data. In a concise illustration of the dataset’s utility, we apply models of punctuated equilibria in a comparative study of the relationship between institutional features and broad policy agenda dynamics. Overall, the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset offers a unique resource for researchers to analyze IO policy output in a granular manner and to explore questions of responsiveness, performance, and legitimacy of IOs. KW - international organizations KW - policy KW - policy agendas KW - decision-making Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-023-09492-6 SN - 1559-7431 SN - 1559-744X VL - 19 SP - 117 EP - 146 PB - Springer CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lundgren, Magnus A1 - Tallberg, Jonas A1 - Sommerer, Thomas A1 - Squatrito, Theresa T1 - When are international organizations responsive to policy problems? JF - International studies quarterly : the journal of the International Studies Association N2 - When are international organizations (IOs) responsive to the policy problems that motivated their establishment? While it is a conventional assumption that IOs exist to address transnational challenges, the question of whether and when IO policy-making is responsive to shifts in underlying problems has not been systematically explored. This study investigates the responsiveness of IOs from a large-n, comparative approach. Theoretically, we develop three alternative models of IO responsiveness, emphasizing severeness, dependence, and power differentials. Empirically, we focus on the domain of security, examining the responsiveness of eight multi-issue IOs to armed conflict between 1980 and 2015, using a novel and expansive dataset on IO policy decisions. Our findings suggest, first, that IOs are responsive to security problems and, second, that responsiveness is not primarily driven by dependence or power differentials but by problem severity. An in-depth study of the responsiveness of the UN Security Council using more granular data confirms these findings. As the first comparative study of whether and when IO policy adapts to problem severity, the article has implications for debates about IO responsiveness, performance, and legitimacy. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqad045 SN - 0020-8833 SN - 1468-2478 VL - 67 IS - 3 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Duit, Andreas A1 - Lim, Sijeong A1 - Sommerer, Thomas T1 - The state and the environment BT - environmental policy and performance in 37 countries 1970–2010 JF - Politics & policy N2 - The limitations and possibilities of the state in solving societal problems are perennial issues in the political and policy sciences and increasingly so in studies of environmental politics. With the aim of better understanding the role of the state in addressing environmental degradation through policy making, this article investigates the nexus between the environmental policy outputs and the environmental performance. Drawing on three theoretical perspectives on the state and market nexus in the environmental dilemma, we identify five distinct pathways. We then examine the extent to which these pathways are manifested in the real world. Our empirical investigation covers up to 37 countries for the period 1970–2010. While we see no global pattern of linkages between policy outputs and performance, our exploratory analysis finds evidence of policy effects, which suggest that the state can, under certain circumstances, improve the environment through policy making. KW - comparative environmental politics KW - ecological modernization KW - environmental degradation KW - environmental policy effects KW - environmental policy performance KW - national ecological footprint KW - policy output KW - regulation KW - state KW - treadmill of production KW - política ambiental comparada KW - modernización ecológica KW - huella ecológica KW - regulación estatal Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12561 SN - 1555-5623 SN - 1747-1346 VL - 51 IS - 6 SP - 1046 EP - 1068 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiesböck, Laura A1 - Verwiebe, Roland T1 - Sind Einkommensunterschiede zu groß? BT - eine Analyse von Einstellungen in der österreichischen Bevölkerung JF - Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie N2 - Im Zentrum dieser Forschungsnotiz steht die Frage nach der Bewertung von Einkommensungleichheit in der österreichischen Gegenwartsgesellschaft. Anhand von ISSP- und SSÖ-Daten können unsere Analysen diesbezüglich zeigen, dass Einkommensungleichheit von einer großen Mehrheit aktuell als zu hoch wahrgenommen wird. Zudem sehen die Menschen in Österreich sehr häufig den Staat in der Verantwortung Einkommensungleichheit abzubauen; viel häufiger als das in anderen europäischen Ländern der Fall ist. Während der Bereich Gesundheit und Pension seit Mitte der 1980er von der überwiegenden Mehrheit als staatliche Aufgabe gesehen wurde, liegt die Verantwortung für den Abbau von Einkommensungleichheit auf einem niedrigeren Zustimmungsniveau. Die Befürwortung der Absicherung von Arbeitslosen als Verantwortung des Staats nimmt aktuell eher ab, trotz der gestiegenen Arbeitslosigkeit zu Beginn der Pandemie. Schließlich zeigen unsere Regressionsanalysen, dass Unterschiede in der Beurteilung von Einkommensungleichheiten u. a. durch sozio-demographische Faktoren, die berufliche Stellung, das Haushaltseinkommen aber auch durch persönliche Einstellungen und Gerechtigkeitsüberzeugungen erklärt werden können. KW - Einkommensungleichheit KW - Haushaltseinkommen KW - Soziale Ungleichheit KW - Einstellungen Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11614-023-00514-6 SN - 1862-2585 SN - 1011-0070 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 66 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Mirbabaie, Milad A1 - Deubel, Annika A1 - Braun, Lea-Marie A1 - Kissmer, Tobias T1 - The potential of digital nudging to bridge the gap between environmental attitude and behavior in the usage of smart home applications JF - International Journal of Information Management N2 - Despite energy efficiency measures, global energy demand has gradually increased due to global economic growth and changes in consumer behavior. Even if people are aware of the problem and want to change their energy consumption, they have difficulty acting on their attitudes. This is called the attitude-behavior gap. To narrow this gap and reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions, behavioral interventions beyond technological advances must be considered. A promising intervention is nudging, which uses insights from behavioral economics to gently nudge individuals toward more sustainable choices. In this study, we investigate how modifying digital choice architectures with nudges can be used to influence consumer energy conservation behavior in smart home applications (SHAs). We conducted an online experiment with 391 participants to test the effectiveness of the following three digital nudges in an SHA: self-commitment, reminder, and social norm nudge. While the results of a structural equation model indicated no effect on bridging the gap between attitude and behavior, we found the potential to promote energy conservation with two nudge types. Thus, this paper makes substantial contribution to persuasive and information systems-enabled sustainability for a better world in the form of digital nudges for emerging technologies. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102665 SN - 0268-4012 VL - 72 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gohl, Niklas A1 - Haan, Peter A1 - Michelsen, Claus A1 - Weinhardt, Felix T1 - House price expectations JF - Journal of economic behavior & organization N2 - This study examines short-, medium-, and long-run price expectations in housing markets. At the heart of our analysis is the combination of data from a tailored in-person household survey, past sale offerings, satellite imagery on developable land, and an information treatment (RCT). As novel finding, we show that price expectations show no evidence for momentum-effects in the long run. We also do not find much evidence for behavioural biases in expectations related to individual housing tenure decisions. Confirming existing findings, we find momentum-effects in the short-run and that individuals, to a limited extend, use aggregate price information to update local expectations. Lastly, we provide suggestive evidence corroborating existing findings that expectations are relevant for portfolio choice. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.12.015 SN - 0167-2681 SN - 1879-1751 VL - 218 SP - 379 EP - 398 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - große Deters, Fenne A1 - Schoedel, Ramona T1 - Keep on scrolling? BT - using intensive longitudinal smartphone sensing data to assess how everyday smartphone usage behaviors are related to well-being JF - Computers in human behavior N2 - Smartphones are an integral part of daily life for many people worldwide. However, concerns have been raised that long usage times and the fragmentation of daily life through smartphone usage are detrimental to well-being. This preregistered study assesses (1) whether differences in smartphone usage behaviors between individuals predict differences in a variety of well-being measures (between-person effects) and (2) whether differences in smartphone usage behaviors between situations predict whether an individual is feeling better or worse (within-person effects). In addition to total usage time, several indicators capturing the fragmentation of usage/nonusage time were developed. The study combines objectively measured smartphone usage with self-reports of well-being in surveys (N = 236) and an experience sampling period (N = 378, n = 5775 datapoints). To ensure the robustness of the results, we replicated our analyses in a second measurement period (surveys: N = 305; experience sampling: N = 534, n = 7287 datapoints) and considered the pattern of effects across different operational definitions and constructs. Results show that individuals who use their smartphone more report slightly lower well-being (between-person effect) but no evidence for within-person effects of total usage time emerged. With respect to fragmentation, we found no robust association with well-being. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107977 SN - 0747-5632 SN - 1873-7692 VL - 150 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drathschmidt, Nicolas T1 - Ist digital immer besser? Wie Verwaltungsmitarbeitende mit unnötiger Bürokratie umgehen BT - ein Beitrag JF - AWV-Informationen Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.awv-net.de/aktuelles/meldungen/ist-digital-immer-besser-wie-verwaltungsmitarbeitende-mit-unnoetiger-buerokratie-umgehen.html?changelang=1 SN - 0342-7927 VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - AWV – Arbeitsgemeinschaft für wirtschaftliche Verwaltung e.V. CY - Eschborn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peppler, Lisa A1 - Feißt, Martin A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Apelt, Maja A1 - Schenk, Liane T1 - Beyond one-sided expectations of integration BT - rethinking international nurse migration to Germany JF - European journal of public health N2 - Background: Like most countries, Germany is currently recruiting international nurses due to staff shortages. While these are mostly academic, the academisation of nursing in Germany has only just begun. This allows for a broader look at the participation of migrant nurses: How do care teams deal with the fact that immigrant colleagues are theoretically more highly qualified than long-established colleagues? Methods: Case studies were conducted in four inpatient care teams of two hospitals in 2022. Qualitative data include 26 observation protocols, 4 group discussions and 17 guided interviews. These were analysed using the documentary method and validated intersubjectively. Results: Due to current academisation efforts in Germany and the immigration of academised nursing staff from abroad, the areas of activity and responsibility of nursing in Germany are under negotiating pressure. This concerns basic care for example, which in Germany is provided by skilled workers, but in other countries is mostly provided by assistants or relatives. The question of who should provide basic care, whether all nurses or only nursing assistants, documents the struggle between an established and a new understanding of care. In this context, the knowledge and skills of migrant and academicised care workers become a crucial aspect in the struggle for a new professional identity for care in Germany. Conclusions: The specific situation in Germany makes it possible to show the potential for change that international care migration can constitute for destination countries. The far-reaching process of change of German nursing is given a further dimension not only by its academization, but by the immigration of international and academically trained nursing staff, where inclusive or exclusive effects can already be observed. Key messages: The increasing proportion of migrant nurses accelerates the current discussion on nursing in Germany. Conflict areas show up in everyday work of care teams and must be addressed there. KW - emigration and immigration KW - Germany KW - inpatients KW - negotiating KW - nurses KW - nursing staff KW - immigrants KW - professional identity Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckad160.1484 SN - 1101-1262 SN - 1464-360X VL - 33 IS - Supplement 2 PB - Oxford University Press CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peppler, Lisa A1 - Feißt, Martin A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Apelt, Maja A1 - Schenk, Liane T1 - Was ist eigentlich das Problem am Waschen? BT - Grundpflege in der Diskussion am Beispiel von vier stationären Pflegeteams JF - Das Gesundheitswesen N2 - Einleitung Pflege in Deutschland befindet sich in einem Veränderungsprozess. Die politisch forcierte Zuwanderung von Pflegekräften sowie die Akademisierung führen zu einem enormen Anpassungsdruck bei allen Beteiligten. Wie wirkt sich dies auf den Arbeitsalltag aus? Methoden Die qualitative Datenbasis umfasst bisher 36 Tage Teilnehmende Beobachtung, 17 Themenzentrierte Leitfadeninterviews sowie vier Gruppendiskussionen in vier Pflegeteams zweier Krankenhäuser. Die Analyse erfolgt mit der Dokumentarischen Methode. Ergebnisse Am Beispiel der Grundpflege (u. A. dem „Waschen“) wird deutlich, wie die Pflegeteams ihren Arbeitsalltag neu aushandeln. Die Teams mit einer hohen migrationsbezogenen Diversität argumentieren eher, dass die Aufgaben der Grund- und Behandlungspflege entsprechend der Qualifikation als Hilfs- oder Fachkraft erledigt werden sollen. Hier treten stereotype (kulturalisierende) Zuschreibungen in den Hintergrund. Demgegenüber berufen sich Pflegeteams mit einer niedrigen migrationsbezogenen Diversität eher darauf, dass die Grundpflege in Deutschland – anders als in anderen Ländern – zu den Aufgaben einer examinierten Pflegefachkraft zählt. Kolleg*innen aus dem Ausland wird die pflegerische Kompetenz daher eher abgesprochen. Schlussfolgerung Die Frage nach der Aufteilung von Grund- und Behandlungspflege, ist auf allen Stationen virulent. Die Teams entwickeln jedoch in Abhängigkeit von ihrer spezifischen Heterogenität unterschiedliche Umgangsweisen. Demzufolge sollte sich Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung insbesondere an den Pflegeteams orientieren. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1770565 SN - 1439-4421 SN - 0941-3790 VL - 85 IS - 8/9 SP - 799 EP - 800 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apelt, Maja A1 - Koch, Annika A1 - Michalowski, Ines A1 - Molzberger, Kaspar A1 - Schenk, Liane A1 - Schmidt, Max Oliver T1 - How organisations regulate Muslim body practices BT - a comparison of schools, hospitals, and swimming pools JF - Comparative migration studies N2 - In a comparison of three human service organisations in which the human body plays a key role, we examine how organisations regulate religious body practices. We concentrate on Muslim norms of dressing and undressing as a potential focal point of cultural and religious diversity. Inspired by Ray’s (2019) idea of racialized organizations, we assume that state-run organizations in Germany are characterized by a strong commitment to religious tolerance and non-discrimination but also marked by anti- Muslim sentiment prevalent among the German population. Our study looks for mechanism that explain how Human Service Organizations accommodate Muslim body practices. It draws on qualitative empirical data collected in state-run hospitals, schools and swimming pools in Germany. Our analyses show that the organizations draw on formal and informal rules at the organizational level to accommodate Islam. We identify five general organizational mechanisms that may hinder Muslim accommodation in human service organizations. In particular, we see a risk of decoupling between the expectation of religious tolerance and processes that lead to informal discrimination, driven mainly by the difficulty of controlling group dynamics among users. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y SN - 2214-594X SN - 2214-8590 VL - 11 PB - European Research Centre on Migration and Ethnic Relations CY - Utrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tjaden, Jasper A1 - Spörlein, Christoph T1 - How much do “local policies” matter for refugee integration? BT - an analytical model and evidence from a highly decentralized country JF - International migration review N2 - A growing number of studies have recently postulated a so-called local turn in the study of immigrant and refugee integration policy. A fundamental, yet untested, assumption of this body of research is that local (sub-national) policies and administrations shape how migrants and refugees integrate into society. We develop and apply an analytical model using multilevel modeling techniques based on large-N, longitudinal survey data (N > 9000) with refugees (2012–2018) in a highly decentralized country (Germany) to estimate the scope for local policy effects net of individual-level and state- and district-level characteristics. We show that region and district-level variation in integration outcomes across multiple dimensions (employment, education, language, housing, social) is limited (∼5%) within 4–8 years after immigration. We find modest variation in policy indicators (∼10%), which do not appear to directly translate into outcomes. We discuss implications for the study of local policies and the potential for greater convergence between administrative and political science, interested in governance structures and policy variation, and sociology and economics, interested primarily in integration outcomes. KW - refugee KW - policy KW - integration Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231205561 SN - 0197-9183 SN - 1747-7379 PB - Sage Publications CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Bobzien, Licia A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Buder, Claudia T1 - Social inequality and digitization in modern societies BT - a systematic literature review on the role of ethnicity, gender, and age JF - SocArXiv : open archive of the social sciences N2 - The digitization process has triggered a profound transformation of modern societies. It encompasses a broad spectrum of technical, social, political, cultural and economic developments related to the mass use of computer- and internet-based technologies. It is now becoming increasingly clear that digitization is also changing existing structures of social inequality and that new structures of digital inequality are emerging. This is shown by a growing number of recent individual studies. In this paper, we set ourselves the task of systematizing this new research within the framework of an empirically supported literature review. To do so, we use the PRISMA model for literature reviews and focus on three central dimensions of inequality - ethnicity, gender, and age - and their relevance within the discourse on digitization and inequality. The empirical basis consists of journal articles published between 2000 and 2020 and listed on the Web of Science, as well as an additional Google Scholar search, through which we attempt to include important monographs and contributions to edited volumes in our analyses. Our text corpus thus comprises a total of 281 articles. Empirically, our literature review shows that unequal access to digital resources largely reproduces existing structures of inequality; in some cases, studies report a reduction in social inequalities as a result of the digitization process. KW - age KW - digitization KW - ethnicity KW - gender social inequality KW - social inequality Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/k2zwh PB - Center for Open Science CY - [Charlottesville, VA] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dörfler, Thomas T1 - Why rules matter: shaping security council sanctions policy in counterterrorism and beyond JF - Journal of global security studies N2 - Sanctions are critical to the Security Council's efforts to fight terrorism. What is striking is that the Council's sanctions regimes are subject to detailed sets of rules and decision criteria. The scholarship on human rights in counterterrorism assumes that rights advocacy and court litigation have prompted this development. The article complements this literature by highlighting an unexplored internal driver of legal-regulatory decision-making and explores how mixed-motive interest constellations among Security Council members have affected the extent of committee regulations and the content of decisions taken by sanctions committees. Based on internal documents and diplomatic cables, a comparative analysis of the Iraq sanctions regime and the counterterrorism sanctions regime demonstrates that mixed-motive interest constellations among Security Council members provide incentives to elaborate rules to guide decision-making resulting in legal-regulatory sanctions governance, even if the human rights of targeted individuals are not at stake. For comparative leverage and to assess the limits of the proposed mechanism, the analysis is briefly extended to other sanctions regimes targeting individuals (Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan). The findings have implications for this essential tool of the Security Council to react to threats to peace as diverse as counterterrorism, nonproliferation, and internal armed conflict. N2 - Les sanctions jouent un rôle essentiel dans la lutte du Conseil de sécurité contre le terrorisme. Ce qui est frappant, c'est que les régimes de sanctions du Conseil sont soumis à un ensemble détaillé de règles et de critères de décision. La recherche sur les droits de l'homme dans le cadre de la lutte contre le terrorisme suppose que la défense des droits et les litiges devant les tribunaux sont à l'origine de cet état de fait. L'article vient compléter cette littérature en soulignant un facteur interne inexploré dans la prise de décisions légales/réglementaires. Il analyse les répercussions des constellations de divers intérêts chez les membres du Conseil de sécurité sur l’étendue des réglementations de comité et le contenu des décisions prises par les comités de sanctions. En s'appuyant sur des documents internes et des câbles diplomatiques, une analyse comparative du régime de sanctions de l'Irak et du régime de sanctions de lutte contre le terrorisme démontre que ces constellations de divers intérêts chez les membres du Conseil de sécurité motivent l’élaboration de règles pour guider la prise de décisions débouchant sur une gouvernance de sanctions légales/réglementaires, même quand les droits de l'homme des personnes ciblées ne sont pas en jeu. À des fins de comparaison, et pour évaluer les limites du mécanisme proposé, l'analyse fait l'objet d'un bref élargissement à d'autres régimes de sanctions ciblant des personnes (RDC et Soudan). Les conclusions s'accompagnent d'implications pour cet outil essentiel du Conseil de sécurité dans la réaction aux menaces pour la paix : lutte contre le terrorisme, non-prolifération et conflit armé interne. N2 - Las sanciones son fundamentales para los esfuerzos del Consejo de Seguridad en la lucha contra el terrorismo. Lo sorprendente es que los regímenes de sanciones del Consejo están sujetos a detallados conjuntos de normas y criterios de decisión. Los académicos especializados en cuestión de derechos humanos en la lucha antiterrorista parten de la base de que la defensa de los derechos y los litigios ante los tribunales han impulsado esta tendencia. Este artículo complementa esta bibliografía poniendo de relieve un impulsor interno inexplorado de la toma de decisiones jurídico-normativas y analiza cómo las constelaciones de intereses de motivación mixta entre los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad han afectado al alcance de las normativas de los comités y al contenido de las decisiones adoptadas por los comités de sanciones. Basándose en documentos internos y telegramas diplomáticos, un análisis comparativo del régimen de sanciones contra Irak con el régimen de sanciones antiterroristas demuestra que las constelaciones de intereses de motivación mixta entre los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad proporcionan incentivos para la elaboración de normas que guíen la toma de decisiones dando lugar a una gobernanza jurídica-normativa de las sanciones, aun cuando no estén en juego los derechos humanos de las personas sancionadas. A efectos comparativos y con el fin de evaluar los límites del mecanismo propuesto, el análisis se amplía someramente a otros regímenes de sanciones dirigidos a individuos (RDC y Sudán). Las conclusiones tienen implicaciones para esta herramienta esencial del Consejo de Seguridad a fin de reaccionar ante amenazas a la paz tan diversas como la lucha antiterrorista, la no proliferación y los conflictos armados internos. KW - Security Council KW - committee governance KW - UN sanctions KW - due process KW - counterterrorism KW - Iraq KW - Conseil de sécurité KW - gouvernance de comité KW - sanctions de l’ONU KW - procédure officielle KW - lutte contre le terrorisme KW - Irak KW - Consejo de Seguridad KW - Gobernanza de los Comités KW - Sanciones de la ONU KW - Proceso debido KW - Lucha antiterrorista KW - Irak Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogac041 SN - 2057-3170 SN - 2057-3189 VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Eddie A1 - Lang, Felix A1 - Arneth, Sabrina T1 - Eskalation in Tweets BT - die Rolle sozialer Medien JF - Schriftenreihe der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-7425-1043-3 VL - 11043 SP - 108 EP - 118 PB - Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalleitner, Fabian A1 - Bobzien, Licia T1 - Taxed fairly? BT - how differences in perception shape attitudes towards progressive taxation JF - European sociological review N2 - Empirically, the poor are more likely to support increases in the level of tax progressivity than the rich. Such income-stratified tax preferences can result from differences in preferences of what should be taxed as argued by previous literature. However, it may also result from income-stratified perceptions of what is taxed. This paper argues that the rich perceive higher levels of tax progressivity than the poor and that tax perceptions affect individuals’ support for progressive taxation. Using data from an Austrian survey experiment, we test this argument in three steps: First, in line with past research, we show that individuals’ income positions are connected to individuals’ tax preferences as a self-interest rationale would predict. However, second, we show that this variation is mainly driven by income-stratified tax perceptions. Third, randomly informing a subset of the sample about actual tax rates, we find that changing tax perceptions causally affects support for redistributive taxation among those who initially overestimated the level of tax progressivity. Our results indicate that tax perceptions are relevant for forming tax preferences and suggest that individuals are more polarized in their perceptions of who pays how much taxes than in their support for who should pay how much tax. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad060 SN - 0266-7215 SN - 1468-2672 VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 535 EP - 548 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baumgart, Lene A1 - Boos, Pauline A1 - Braunsmann, Katharina T1 - A circulatory loop BT - the reciprocal relationship of organizations, digitalization, and gender JF - Social inclusion N2 - In the digitalization debate, gender biases in digital technologies play a significant role because of their potential for social exclusion and inequality. It is therefore remarkable that organizations as drivers of digitalization and as places for social integration have been widely overlooked so far. Simultaneously, gender biases and digitalization have structurally immanent connections to organizations. Therefore, a look at the reciprocal relationship between organizations, digitalization, and gender is needed. The article provides answers to the question of whether and how organizations (re)produce, reinforce, or diminish gender‐specific inequalities during their digital transformations. On the one hand, gender inequalities emerge when organizations use post‐bureaucratic concepts through digitalization. On the other hand, gender inequalities are reproduced when organizations either program or implement digital technologies and fail to establish control structures that prevent gender biases. This article shows that digitalization can act as a catalyst for inequality‐producing mechanisms, but also has the potential to mitigate inequalities. We argue that organizations must be considered when discussing the potential of exclusion through digitalization. KW - digitalization KW - gender bias KW - gender inequalities KW - organizations Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v11i4.7056 SN - 2183-2803 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 160 EP - 171 PB - Cogitatio Press CY - Lisbon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baumgart, Lene T1 - New work – old problem? BT - wie Postbürokratie die Digitalisierung erschwert BT - how post-bureaucracy hinders digitalization JF - Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching N2 - Die Nutzung digitaler Kollaborationstools wird als Vorausset- zung für eine postbürokratische New Work-Welt erachtet. Organisationale Digita- lisierungsprojekte zur Einführung solcher Kollaborationssoftware sind selbst post- bürokratisch strukturiert, d. h. sie arbeiten in crossfunktionalen und selbstorgani- sierten Teams. Während der Kooperation mit anderen Organisationseinheiten treten Konflikte auf, die sich dadurch verschärfen, dass sie nicht von der Hierarchie ge- löst werden können, sondern im Sinne von New Work demokratisch ausgehandelt werden müssen. In der Folge bedarf es alternativer formaler Strukturen, die diese Herausforderung bewältigen. N2 - The use of digital collaboration tools is considered a requirement for a post-bureaucratic New Work world. Organizational digitalization projects for the introduction of such collaboration software are themselves post-bureaucratically structured, i.e., they work in cross-functional and self-organized teams. During co- operation with other organizational units, conflicts arise that are exacerbated by the fact that they cannot be resolved by the hierarchy but must be negotiated democrati- cally in the spirit of New Work. As a result, alternative formal structures are needed to deal with this challenge. KW - Digitalisierung KW - Postbürokratie KW - funktionale Differenzierung KW - digitalization KW - post-bureaucracy KW - functional differentiation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11613-023-00811-9 SN - 1618-808X SN - 1862-2577 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 181 EP - 194 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hackmann, Nina A1 - Wolff, Christina T1 - Einleitung: Diskursive Auseinandersetzung mit Zweigeschlechtlichkeit und die hochschulpolitische Ausgangslage JF - Geschlechter in Un-Ordnung: Zur Irritation von Zweigeschlechtlichkeit im Wissenschaftsdiskurs Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8474-2679-0 SN - 978-3-8474-1852-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.4163724.4 SP - 11 EP - 20 PB - Verlag Barbara Budrich CY - Opladen, Berlin, Toronto ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hackmann, Nina A1 - Wolff, Christina T1 - Geschlechtervielfalt ermöglichen ― eine Schlussbetrachtung JF - Geschlechter in Un-Ordnung: Zur Irritation von Zweigeschlechtlichkeit im Wissenschaftsdiskurs Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8474-2679-0 SN - 978-3-8474-1852-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.4163724.15 SP - 223 EP - 225 PB - Verlag Barbara Budrich CY - Opladen, Berlin, Toronto ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baumgart, Lene A1 - Boos, Pauline A1 - Eckstein, Bernd T1 - Datafication and algorithmic contingency BT - how agile organisations deal with technical systems JF - Work organisation, labour & globalisation N2 - In the context of persistent images of self-perpetuated technologies, we discuss the interplay of digital technologies and organisational dynamics against the backdrop of systems theory. Building on the case of an international corporation that, during an agile reorganisation, introduced an AI-based personnel management platform, we show how technical systems produce a form of algorithmic contingency that subsequently leads to the emergence of formal and informal interaction systems. Using the concept of datafication, we explain how these interactions are barriers to the self-perpetuation of data-based decision-making, making it possible to take into consideration further decision factors and complementing the output of the platform. The research was carried out within the scope of the research project ‘Organisational Implications of Digitalisation: The Development of (Post-)Bureaucratic Organisational Structures in the Context of Digital Transformation’ funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). KW - digitalisation KW - datafication KW - organisation KW - agile KW - technical system KW - systems theory KW - interaction KW - algorithmic contingency KW - machine learning KW - platform Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.17.1.0061 SN - 1745-641X SN - 1745-6428 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 61 EP - 73 PB - Pluto Journals CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sohst, Rhea Ravenna A1 - Acostamadiedo, Eduardo A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Reducing uncertainty in Delphi surveys BT - a case study on immigration to the EU JF - Demographic research N2 - Background: Following the rapid increase of asylum seekers arriving in the European Union in 2015/16, policymakers have invested heavily in improving their foresight and forecasting capabilities. A common method to elicit expert predictions are Delphi surveys. This approach has attracted concern in the literature, given the high uncertainty in experts’ predictions. However, there exists limited guidance on specific design choices for future-related Delphi surveys. Objective: We test whether or not small adjustments to the Delphi survey can increase certainty (i.e., reduce variation) in expert predictions on immigration to the EU in 2030. Methods: Based on a two-round Delphi survey with 178 migration experts, we compare variation and subjective confidence in expert predictions and assess whether additional context information (type of migration flow, sociopolitical context) promotes convergence among experts (i.e., less variation) and confidence in their own estimates. Results: We find that additional context information does not reduce variation and does not increase confidence in expert predictions on migration. Conclusions: The results reaffirm recent concerns regarding the limited scope for reducing uncertainty by manipulating the survey setup. Persistent uncertainty may be a result of the complexity of migration processes and limited agreement among migration experts regarding key drivers. Contribution: We caution policymakers and academics on the use of Delphi surveys for eliciting expert predictions on immigration, even when conducted based on a large pool of experts and using specific scenarios. The potential of alternative approaches such as prediction markets should be further explored. KW - European Union KW - immigration KW - international migration KW - migration flows Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2023.49.36 SN - 2363-7064 SN - 1435-9871 VL - 49 SP - 983 EP - 1020 PB - Max Planck Inst. for Demographic Research CY - Rostock ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baumgart, Lene A1 - Muster, Judith T1 - Organization not found BT - ein organisationssoziologischer Blick auf die Digitalisierung als Verwaltungsreform JF - Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift für angewandte Organisationspsychologie N2 - Der Beitrag in der Zeitschrift GIO beschäftigt sich mit der Frage nach den Schwierigkeiten von Digitalisierungsreformen in öffentlichen Verwaltungen. Der Blick wird dafür auf Verwaltungen als Organisationen gerichtet, deren formale Strukturen die Digitalisierungsreform erschweren, da steile Hierarchien und Dienstwegeregelungen mit netzwerkartigen Projektstrukturen konfligieren, agile Arbeitsweisen der Orientierung an rechtlich legitimierten Verfahren zuwiderlaufen und das Personal nicht mit den nötigen Kompetenzen ausgestattet wird. Der organisationssensible Fokus erlaubt es, nicht nur die Probleme der Strukturen zu betrachten, sondern auch deren Funktionen für den Systembestand von Verwaltungen zu berücksichtigen. So wird gezeigt, dass etwa Dienstwegeregelungen demokratische Prozesse gewährleisten und Verantwortungsdiffusion verhindern, ihre Rechtsorientierung den Verwaltungen Legitimation und Autonomie verschafft und das Personal durch seine Regeleinhaltung funktionierende Verfahren und Objektivität gewährleistet. Diese Spannungsfelder berücksichtigend, wird daher der Vorschlag gemacht, in Reformen nicht nur ihre Optimierungsfunktion zu sehen, sondern sie als Werkzeug für ein besseres Verständnis der vorherrschenden Strukturen zu nutzen. Der Beitrag gibt abschließend Fragen an die Hand, wie man sich diesem Verständnis nähern kann. N2 - The article in the journal GIO deals with the question of the difficulties of digitalization reforms in public administrations. The focus is on administrations as organizations whose formal structures make digitalization reform difficult, since steep hierarchies and official communication channels conflict with network-like project structures, agile working methods run counter to the orientation toward legally legitimized procedures, and staff are not equipped with the necessary competencies. The organization-sensitive focus makes it possible to consider not only the problems of structures, but also their functions for the system’s existence of administrations. It is shown, for example, that official channels guarantee democratic processes and prevent the diffusion of responsibility, that their legal orientation gives administrations legitimacy and autonomy, and that staff ensure functioning procedures and objectivity through their compliance with rules. Taking these tensions into account, it is therefore suggested that reforms should not only be seen in terms of their optimization function, but should be used as a tool for a better understanding of the prevailing structures. The paper concludes by providing questions on how to approach this understanding. KW - Verwaltungsreform KW - Digitalisierung KW - Reformresistenz KW - Organisationen KW - Postbürokratie KW - administrative reform KW - digitalization KW - reform resistance KW - organizations KW - post bureaucracy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11612-023-00681-w SN - 2366-6145 SN - 2366-6218 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 177 EP - 185 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dosdall, Henrik A1 - Löckmann, Teresa T1 - Exploring terrorism prevention BT - an organizational perspective on police investigations JF - Journal of organizational sociology N2 - The article analyzes the investigations conducted by the Berlin police into the subsequent perpetrator of the vehicle-ramming attack at a Berlin Christmas market on December 19, 2016. We explore why the police closed these investigations prematurely and thereby focus on an attempt to prevent lone actor terrorism. The analysis shows that the police closed its investigations owing to organizational dynamics driven by an increasing need to justify further resource investments in the face of absent conclusive evidence and scarce resources in relation to the organizational case ecology. We propose hypotheses for future research and formulate three contributions to existing research on the sociology of police, terrorism prevention, and lone actor research. KW - Berlin Christmas market attack KW - case ecologies KW - investigative routines KW - lone actors KW - police Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/joso-2022-0002 SN - 2752-2997 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 47 EP - 72 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bobzien, Licia T1 - Income inequality and political trust BT - do fairness perceptions matter? JF - Social indicators research N2 - Political trust—in terms of trust in political institutions—is an important precondition for the functioning and stability of democracy. One widely studied determinant of political trust is income inequality. While the empirical finding that societies with lower levels of income inequality have higher levels of trust is well established, the exact ways in which income inequality affects political trust remain unclear. Past research has shown that individuals oftentimes have biased perceptions of inequality. Considering potentially biased inequality perceptions, I argue that individuals compare their perceptions of inequality to their preference for inequality. If they identify a gap between what they perceive and what they prefer (= fairness gap), they consider their attitudes towards inequality unrepresented. This, in turn, reduces trust in political institutions. Using three waves of the ESS and the ISSP in a cross-country perspective, I find that (1) perceiving a larger fairness gap is associated with lower levels of political trust; (2) the fairness gap mediates the link between actual inequality and political trust; and (3) disaggregating the fairness gap measure, political trust is more strongly linked to variation in inequality perceptions than to variation in inequality preferences. This indicates that inequality perceptions are an important factor shaping trust into political institutions. KW - political trust KW - inequality KW - perceptions of inequality KW - fairness Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03168-9 SN - 0303-8300 SN - 1573-0921 VL - 169 IS - 1-2 SP - 505 EP - 528 PB - Springer Nature B.V. CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Post, Julia C. T1 - Pulp Science? BT - zur Berichterstattung über Meinungsforschung in den Massenmedien JF - Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik : GWP : Sozialwissenschaften für politische Bildung Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/gwp.v72i4.09 SN - 2196-1654 SN - 1619-6910 VL - 72 IS - 4 SP - 475 EP - 483 PB - Budrich CY - Leverkusen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C. A1 - Haslanger, Sally A1 - Kroeger, Odin T1 - Analyzing social wrongs JF - Journal of social philosophy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12505 SN - 0047-2786 SN - 1467-9833 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 448 EP - 453 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rodríguez Sánchez, Alejandra A1 - Wucherpfennig, Julian A1 - Rischke, Ramona A1 - Iacus, Stefano Maria T1 - Search-and-rescue in the Central Mediterranean Route does not induce migration BT - predictive modeling to answer causal queries in migration research JF - Scientific reports N2 - State- and private-led search-and-rescue are hypothesized to foster irregular migration (and thereby migrant fatalities) by altering the decision calculus associated with the journey. We here investigate this ‘pull factor’ claim by focusing on the Central Mediterranean route, the most frequented and deadly irregular migration route towards Europe during the past decade. Based on three intervention periods—(1) state-led Mare Nostrum, (2) private-led search-and-rescue, and (3) coordinated pushbacks by the Libyan Coast Guard—which correspond to substantial changes in laws, policies, and practices of search-and-rescue in the Mediterranean, we are able to test the ‘pull factor’ claim by employing an innovative machine learning method in combination with causal inference. We employ a Bayesian structural time-series model to estimate the effects of these three intervention periods on the migration flow as measured by crossing attempts (i.e., time-series aggregate counts of arrivals, pushbacks, and deaths), adjusting for various known drivers of irregular migration. We combine multiple sources of traditional and non-traditional data to build a synthetic, predicted counterfactual flow. Results show that our predictive modeling approach accurately captures the behavior of the target time-series during the various pre-intervention periods of interest. A comparison of the observed and predicted counterfactual time-series in the post-intervention periods suggest that pushback policies did affect the migration flow, but that the search-and-rescue periods did not yield a discernible difference between the observed and the predicted counterfactual number of crossing attempts. Hence we do not find support for search-and-rescue as a driver of irregular migration. In general, this modeling approach lends itself to forecasting migration flows with the goal of answering causal queries in migration research. KW - human behaviour KW - population dynamics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38119-4 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liedl, Bernd A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Samper Mejia, Cristina A1 - Verwiebe, Roland T1 - Risk perceptions of individuals living in single-parent households during the COVID-19 crisis BT - examining the mediating and moderating role of income JF - Frontiers in sociology N2 - The COVID-19 crisis had severe social and economic impact on the life of most citizens around the globe. Individuals living in single-parent households were particularly at risk, revealing detrimental labour market outcomes and assessments of future perspectives marked by worries. As it has not been investigated yet, in this paper we study, how their perception about the future and their outlook on how the pandemic will affect them is related to their objective economic resources. Against this background, we examine the subjective risk perception of worsening living standards of individuals living in single-parent households compared to other household types, their objective economic situation based on the logarithmised equivalised disposable household incomes and analyse the relationship between those indicators. Using the German SOEP, including the SOEP-CoV survey from 2020, our findings based on regression modelling reveal that individuals living in single-parent households have been worse off during the pandemic, facing high economic insecurity. Path and interaction models support our assumption that the association between those indicators may not be that straightforward, as there are underlying mechanisms–such as mediation and moderation–of income affecting its direction and strength. With respect to our central hypotheses, our empirical findings point toward (1) a mediation effect, by demonstrating that the subjective risk perception of single-parent households can be partly explained by economic conditions. (2) The moderating effect suggests that the concrete position at the income distribution of households matters as well. While at the lower end of the income distribution, single-parent households reveal particularly worse risk perceptions during the pandemic, at the high end of the income spectrum, risk perceptions are similar for all household types. Thus, individuals living in single-parent households do not perceive higher risks of worsening living standards due to their household situation per se, but rather because they are worse off in terms of their economic situation compared to individuals living in other household types. KW - COVID-19 pandemic KW - Germany KW - household types KW - individuals living in single-parent households KW - objective labour market outcome KW - subjective risk perception Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2023.1265302 SN - 2297-7775 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian A1 - Schmitz, Andreas T1 - Divided we stand, united we fall? BT - structure and struggles of contemporary German sociology JF - International review of sociology N2 - This contribution presents an analysis of the structure and conflictual dynamics of contemporary German sociology which has recently separated into two professional societies. Using geometric data analysis, we present an empirical construction of the power/knowledge structure of the field, its paradigmatic plurality, and the various forms of sociological practices involved. KW - German sociology KW - scientific fields KW - geometric data analysis KW - class-specific analysis KW - prosopography Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2023.2244170 SN - 0390-6701 SN - 1469-9273 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 512 EP - 545 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teich, Paula A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Physical fitness of primary school children differs depending on their timing of school enrollment JF - Scientific reports N2 - Previous research has shown that children who were enrolled to school according to the legal key date (i.e., keyage children, between eight and nine years in third grade) exhibited a linear physical fitness development in the ninth year of life. In contrast, children who were enrolled with a delay (i.e., older-than-keyage children [OTK], between nine and ten years in third grade) exhibited a lower physical fitness compared to what would be expected for their age. In these studies, cross-sectional age differences within third grade and timing of school enrollment were confounded. The present study investigated the longitudinal development of keyage and OTK children from third to fifth grade. This design also afforded a comparison of the two groups at the same average chronological age, that is a dissociation of the effects of timing of school enrollment and age. We tested six physical fitness components: cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed, power of lower and upper limbs, and static balance. 1502 children (i.e., 1206 keyage and 296 OTK children) from 35 schools were tested in third, fourth, and fifth grade. Except for cardiorespiratory endurance, both groups developed from third to fourth and from fourth to fifth grade and keyage children outperformed OTK children at the average ages of 9.5 or 10.5 years. For cardiorespiratory endurance, there was no significant gain from fourth to fifth grade and keyage and OTK children did not differ significantly at 10.5 years of age. One reason for a delayed school enrollment could be that a child is (or is perceived as) biologically younger than their chronological age at the school entry examination, implying a negative correlation between chronological and biological age for OTK children. Indeed, a simple reflection of chronological age brought the developmental rate of the chronologically youngest OTK children in line with the developmental rate observed for keyage children, but did not eliminate all differences. The mapping of chronological and biological age of OTK children and other possible reasons for lower physical fitness of OTK children remain a task for future research. KW - Health care KW - Paediatrics KW - Physiology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35727-y SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Jana T1 - Partnership trajectories and their consequences over the life course BT - evidence from the German LifE Study JF - Advances in life course research N2 - Objective: Following a life course perspective, this study examines the link between partnership trajectories and three dimensions of psychological well-being: psychological health, overall sense of self-worth and quality of life. Background: Assuming that life outcomes are the result of prior decisions, experiences and events, partnership histories can be seen as a resource for psychological well-being. Furthermore, advantages or disadvantages from living with or without a partner should accumulate over time. While previous cross-sectional research has mainly focused on the influence of partnership status or a status change on well-being, prior longitudinal studies could not control for reverse causality of well-being and partnership trajectories. This research addresses the question of how different patterns of partnership biographies are related to a person's well-being in middle adulthood. Selection effects of pre-trajectory well-being as well as current life conditions are also taken into account. Method: Using data from the German LifE Study, the partnership trajectories between ages of 16 and 45 are classified by sequence and cluster analysis. OLS regression is then used to examine the link between types of partnership trajectories and depression, self-esteem and overall life satisfaction at age 45. Results: For women, well-being declined when experiencing unstable non-cohabitational union trajectories or divorce followed by unpartnered post-marital trajectories. Men suffered most from being long-term single. The results could not be explained by selection effects of pre-trajectory well-being. Conclusion: While women seem to 'recover' from most of the negative effects of unstable partnership trajectories through a new partnership, for men it was shown that being mainly unpartnered has long-lasting effects on their psychological well-being. KW - Partnership trajectories KW - Well-being KW - Life course perspective KW - Cumulative advantages and disadvantages KW - Sequence analysis KW - German LifE KW - Study Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100525 SN - 1569-4909 SN - 1879-6974 VL - 55 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. A1 - Silva-Goncalves, Juliana A1 - Uhlendorff, Arne T1 - Locus of control and the preference for agency JF - European economic review N2 - We conduct a laboratory experiment to study how locus of control operates through people’s preferences and beliefs to influence their decisions. Using the principal–agent setting of the delegation game, we test four key channels that conceptually link locus of control to decision-making: (i) preference for agency, (ii) optimism and (iii) confidence regarding the return to effort, and (iv) illusion of control. Knowing the return and cost of stated effort, principals either retain or delegate the right to make an investment decision that generates payoffs for themselves and their agents. Extending the game to the context in which the return to stated effort is unknown allows us to explicitly study the relationship between locus of control and beliefs about the return to effort. We find that internal locus of control is linked to the preference for agency, an effect that is driven by women. We find no evidence that locus of control influences optimism and confidence about the return to stated effort, or that it operates through an illusion of control. KW - locus of control KW - preference for agency KW - decision-making KW - beliefs KW - optimism KW - confidence KW - illusion of control Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104737 SN - 0014-2921 SN - 1873-572X VL - 165 IS - 104737 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meischner-Al-Mousawi, Maja A1 - Heller, Luise A1 - Hartenstein, Sven A1 - Frost, Jonas A1 - Philipp, Aaron A1 - Hinz, Sylvette T1 - Suizide in deutschen Gefängnissen während der COVID-19-Pandemie T1 - Suicide in German prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic JF - Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie N2 - Das Risiko, durch einen Suizid im Gefängnis zu versterben, ist erhöht. Während der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden zum Infektionsschutz zahlreiche Maßnahmen, die beispielsweise eine deutliche Minderung der Kontakt- und Behandlungsangebote zur Folge hatten, eingeführt. Im Rahmen eines Kohortenvergleichs der Suizide und ausgewählter Merkmale der Suizident:innen in den Zeiträumen vom April 2017 bis zum Dezember 2019 sowie vom April 2020 bis zum Dezember 2022 wird untersucht, ob es eine Veränderung der Suizide während der Pandemie gab. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich eine Zunahme der Suizide während der Pandemie, insbesondere in den ersten 14 Tagen der Haft, und eine Zunahme der Suizide von Suizident:innen mit erhöhter Vulnerabilität. Keine Unterschiede wurden in den allgemeinen Risikomerkmalen für Suizide im Gefängnis festgestellt. Es ergeben sich Hinweise auf eine suizidpräventive Wirkung der Kontakt- und Behandlungsangebote. Daraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, intensivere Präventionsangebote für Gefangene mit erhöhter Vulnerabilität bzw. geringerer Resilienz anzubieten. N2 - The risk of dying by suicide in prison is increased. During the COVID-19 pandemic numerous measures were introduced to protect against infection, which, for example, resulted in a significant reduction in contact and treatment options. As part of a cohort comparison of suicides and selected characteristics of the suicidal persons between April 2017 and December 2019 as well as between April 2020 and December 2022, it was investigated whether there was a change in suicides during the pandemic. The results show an increase in suicides in the cohort during the pandemic, especially in the first 14 days of detention and an increase in suicides by suicidal people with increased vulnerability. No differences were found in the overall risk characteristics for suicide in prison. There are indications of a suicide-preventing effect of the contact and treatment options. As a result there is a need to offer more intensive prevention services for prisoners with increased vulnerability or lower resilience. KW - Suizidrisiko KW - Risikofaktoren KW - Suizidprävention KW - Justizvollzug KW - suicid risk KW - risk factors KW - suicide prevention KW - prison Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-024-00827-6 SN - 1862-7072 SN - 1862-7080 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 106 EP - 116 PB - Steinkopff CY - Darmstadt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lim, Misun A1 - Samper Mejia, Cristina T1 - Race and cohort differences in family status in the United States JF - Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world N2 - In this visualization, the authors show changes in family patterns by different race groups across two cohorts. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (born from 1957 to 1965) and 1997 (born from 1980 to 1984), the authors visualize the relationship-parenthood state distributions at each age between 15 and 35 years by race and cohort. The results suggest the rise of cohabiting mothers and the decline of married and divorced mothers among women born from 1980 to 1984. Black women born from 1980 to 1984 were more likely to experience single/childless and single/parent status compared with Black women born from 1957 to 1965. Although with some visible postponement in the recent cohort, white women in both cohorts were more likely to experience married/parent status than other race groups. The decline in married/parent status across the two generations was sharpest among Hispanic women. These descriptive findings highlight the importance of identifying race when discussing changes in family formation and dissolution trends across generations. KW - family KW - race KW - cohort KW - demography KW - data visualization Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231241241041 SN - 2378-0231 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Sage Publications CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marienfeldt, Justine T1 - Does digital government hollow out the essence of street‐level bureaucracy? BT - a systematic literature review of how digital tools’ foster curtailment, enablement and continuation of street‐level decision‐making JF - Social policy & administration N2 - The growing use of digital tools in policy implementation has altered the work of street-level bureaucrats who are granted substantial discretionary power in decision-making. Digital tools can constrain discretionary power, like the curtailment thesis proposed, or serve as action resources, like the enablement thesis suggested. This article assesses empirical evidence of the impact of digital tools on street-level work and decision-making in service-oriented and regulation-oriented organisations based on a systematic literature review and thematic qualitative content analysis of 36 empirical studies published until 2021. The findings demonstrate different effects with regard to the role of digital tools and the core tasks of the public administration, depending on political and managerial goals and consequent system design. Leading or decisive digital tools mostly curtail discretion, especially in service-oriented organisations. In contrast, an enhanced information base or recommendations for actions enable decision-making, in particular in regulation-oriented organisations. By showing how street-level bureaucrats actively try to resist the curtailing effects caused by rigid design to address individual circumstances, for instance by establishing ways of coping like rule bending or rule breaking, using personal resources or prioritising among clients, this study demonstrates the importance of the continuation thesis and the persistently crucial role of human judgement in policy implementation. KW - continuation thesis KW - curtailment thesis KW - discretion KW - enablement thesis KW - street-level bureaucracy Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12991 SN - 0144-5596 SN - 1467-9515 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian T1 - French economists and the symbolic power of (post-)national scopes of capital BT - taking sides in discourses of crises, 2008–2021 JF - Serendipities : journal for the sociology and history of the social sciences N2 - The paper argues that economists’ position-taking in discourses of crises should be understood in the light of economists’ positions in the academic field of economics. This hypothesis is investigated by performing a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) on a prosopographical data set of 144 French economists who positioned themselves between 2008 and 2021 in controversies over the euro crisis, the French political economic model, and French economics. In these disciplinary controversies, different forms of (post-)national academic capital are used by economists to either initiate change or defend the status quo. These strategies are then interpreted as part of more general power struggles over the basic national or post-national constitution and legitimate governance of economy and society. KW - transnationalization KW - economic thought KW - economic crisis KW - field theory KW - history of the social sciences Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7146/serendipities.v8i1-2.133990 SN - 2521-0947 VL - 8 IS - 1-2 SP - 77 EP - 108 PB - Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz CY - Graz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bode, Dagmar A1 - Rolfes, Manfred T1 - Einschätzungen zum politischen Handlungsfeld "Stärkung der Demokratie und Intensivierung der gesellschaftlichen Beteiligung" im Land Brandenburg BT - Ergebnisse der Befragung der teilnehmenden der 18 Zukunftdialoge 2015 bis 2016 JF - Potsdamer Geographische Praxis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-468187 SN - 978-3-86956-483-8 SN - 2194-1599 SN - 2194-1602 IS - 15 SP - 59 EP - 128 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schubarth, Wilfried A1 - Kohlstruck, Michael A1 - Rolfes, Manfred T1 - Zukunftsdialog tolerantes Brandenburg BT - Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Beobachtung JF - Potsdamer Geographischer Praxis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-468179 SN - 978-3-86956-483-8 SN - 2194-1599 SN - 2194-1602 IS - 15 SP - 21 EP - 57 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER -