TY - CHAP A1 - Apelt, Maja A1 - Trautwein, Ray ED - Gugutzer, Robert ED - Klein, Gabriele ED - Meuser, Michael T1 - Militär T2 - Handbuch Körpersoziologie 2 N2 - Das Militär hat besondere Bedeutung für die Formung des männlichen Körpers vor allem durch Drill und militärisch geprägte Leibesübungen. Dadurch sollen Soldat*innen tauglich dafür gemacht werden, die Verletzungen des eigenen Körpers, Schmerzen, Durst und Hunger zu ertragen. Die gegenwärtige technologisch unterstütze asymmetrische Kriegsführung ist auch darauf ausgerichtet, die Gefahren für den soldatischen Körper zu reduzieren. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-658-33297-6 SN - 978-3-658-33298-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33298-3_20 SP - 275 EP - 286 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apelt, Maja A1 - Besio, Cristina A1 - Corsi, Giancarlo A1 - von Groddeck, Victoria A1 - Grothe-Hammer, Michael A1 - Tacke, Veronika T1 - Resurrecting organization without renouncing society BT - a response to Ahrne, Brunsson and Seidl JF - European management journal N2 - In a recent article in this journal, Ahrne, Brunsson, and Seidl (2016) suggest a definition of organization as a ‘decided social order’ composed of five elements (membership, rules, hierarchies, monitoring, and sanctions) which rest on decisions. ‘Partial organization’ uses only one or a few of these decidable elements while ‘complete organization’ uses them all. Such decided orders may also occur outside formal organizations, as the authors observe. Although we appreciate the idea of improving our understanding of organization(s) in modern society, we believe that Ahrne, Brunsson, and Seidl's suggestion jeopardizes the concept of organization by blurring its specific meaning. As the authors already draw on the work of Niklas Luhmann, we propose taking this exploration a step further and the potential of systems theory more seriously. Organizational analysis would then be able to retain a distinctive notion of formal organization on the one hand while benefiting from an encompassing theory of modern society on the other. With this extended conceptual framework, we would expect to gain a deeper understanding of how organizations implement and shape different societal realms as well as mediate between their particular logics, and, not least, how they are related to non-organizational social forms (e.g. families). KW - Partial organization KW - Formal organization KW - Organization theory KW - Niklas KW - Luhmann KW - Functional differentiation KW - Organizations and society Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2017.01.002 SN - 0263-2373 SN - 1873-5681 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 8 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Apelt, Maja ED - Leonhard, Nina ED - Werkner, Ines-Jacqueline T1 - Militärische Sozialisation T2 - Militärsoziologie - eine Einführung N2 - Zwar gibt es für jeden Beruf und in vielen Betrieben spezielle Ausbildungs- oder Traineeprogramme. Zumeist aber unterscheiden sich diese in Inhalt und der Art ihrer Vermittlung von der Ausbildung, die Soldaten und Soldatinnen erhalten. In diesem Beitrag wird der Begriff der militärischen Sozialisation in Bezug zu den neueren Konzeptionen des Sozialisationsbegriffs gesetzt. Danach werden verschiedene Sozialisationskonzepte, die auf die militärische Sozialisation angewendet wurden, vorgestellt. Dazu gehören Goffmans Theorie der totalen Institution, Foucaults Idee der Disziplinierung und entwicklungstheoretische Ansätze. Gezeigt wird aber auch, wie schwierig es ist, militärische Sozialisation empirisch zu fassen. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-30183-5 SN - 978-3-658-30184-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30184-2_21 SP - 595 EP - 617 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ET - 3., aktualisierte und ergänzte ER - TY - BOOK ED - Apelt, Maja ED - Bode, Ingo ED - Hasse, Raimund ED - Meyer, Uli ED - Groddeck, Victoria V. ED - Wilkesmann, Maximiliane ED - Windeler, Arnold T1 - Handbuch Organisationssoziologie T3 - Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften N2 - Das Handbuch Organisationssoziologie liefert einen umfassenden Überblick über die Entwicklung, den Stand und die Zukunft der Organisationssoziologie als wissenschaftliche Disziplin. Dabei geht es sowohl um die systematische Aufnahme relevanter Theoriestränge, Methoden und Konzepte als auch um die Wechselbeziehungen, Überschneidungen und Komplementaritäten zu Nachbardisziplinen, die in einem Dialog aufgenommen werden. Das Handbuch vermittelt so einen eigenständigen Zugriff auf die Organisationssoziologie und bündelt gleichzeitig dessen Wissen auf dem neuesten Stand. Darüber soll es zu einem Standardwerk zur Organisationssoziologie im deutschsprachigen Raum werden. KW - Industriesoziologie KW - organisation studies KW - Organisationswissenschaft KW - Organisationsforschung KW - kritische Organisationsforschung Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-15953-5 SN - 978-3-658-15919-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15953-5 SN - 2569-8710 SN - 2569-8729 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Binder, Beate A1 - Apelt, Maja T1 - Legal Gender Studies: Herausforderungen und Perspektiven feministischer Rechtskritik BT - Beate Binder und Maja Apelt im Gespräch mit Elisabeth Holzleithner JF - Feministische Studien Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/fs-2021-0034 SN - 0723-5186 SN - 2365-9920 VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 321 EP - 340 PB - De Gruyter Oldenbourg CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Jianghong A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Kaiser, Till A1 - Hipp, Lena T1 - Who suffered most? BT - parental stress and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany JF - Journal of family research N2 - Objective: This study examines gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parental psychological wellbeing (parenting stress and psychological distress) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Background: The dramatic shift of childcare and schooling responsibility from formal institutions to private households during the pandemic has put families under enormous stress and raised concerns about caregivers' health and wellbeing. Despite the overwhelming media attention to families’ wellbeing, to date limited research has examined parenting stress and parental psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in Germany. Method: We analyzed four waves of panel data (N= 1,771) from an opt-in online survey, which was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021. Multivariable OLS regressions were used to estimate variations in the pandemic's effects on parenting stress and psychological distress by various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Results: Overall, levels of parenting stress and psychological distress increased during the pandemic. During the first and third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, mothers, parents with children younger than 11 years, parents with two or more children, parents working from home as well as parents with financial insecurity experienced higher parenting stress than other sociodemographic groups. Moreover, women, respondents with lower incomes, single parents, and parents with younger children experienced higher levels of psychological distress than other groups. Conclusion: Gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parents' psychological wellbeing increased among the study participants during the pandemic. KW - COVID-19 KW - parenting stress KW - gender inequality KW - mental health KW - psychological distress KW - Germany KW - children Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-704 SN - 2699-2337 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 281 EP - 309 PB - University of Bamberg Press CY - Bamberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Hipp, Lena T1 - How can we become more equal? BT - public policies and parents’ work–family preferences in Germany JF - Journal of European social policy N2 - This study examines how public policies affect parents' preferences for a more egalitarian division of paid and unpaid work. Based on the assumption that individuals develop their preferences within a specific policy context, we examine how changes in three policies affect mothers' and fathers' work-family preferences: the availability of high-quality, affordable childcare; the right to return to a full-time job after having reduced hours to part-time and an increase in the number of 'partner months' in parental leave schemes. Analysing a unique probability sample of parents with young children in Germany from 2015 (N = 1756), we find that fathers would want to work slightly fewer hours if they had the right to return to a full-time position after working part-time, and mothers would want to work slightly more hours if childcare opportunities were improved. Full-time working parents, moreover, are found to prefer fewer hours independent of the policy setting, while non-employed parents would like to work at least some hours. Last but not least, our analyses show that increasing the number of partner months in the parental leave scheme considerably increases fathers' preferences for longer and mothers' preferences for shorter leave. Increasing the number of partner months in parental schemes hence has the greatest potential to increase gender equality. KW - work-family policies KW - parental leave KW - childcare KW - working time KW - regulations KW - parenthood KW - working hours KW - gender equality KW - preferences KW - capabilities framework Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/09589287211035701 SN - 0958-9287 SN - 1461-7269 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 182 EP - 196 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Bünning, Mareike T1 - Parenthood as a driver of increased genderinequality during COVID-19? BT - exploratory evidence from Germany JF - European societies N2 - Drawing on three waves of survey data from a non-probability sample from Germany, this paper examines two opposing expectations about the pandemic's impacts on gender equality: The optimistic view suggests that gender equality has increased, as essential workers in Germany have been predominantly female and as fathers have had more time for childcare. The pessimistic view posits that lockdowns have also negatively affected women's jobs and that mothers had to shoulder the additional care responsibilities. Overall, our exploratory analyses provide more evidence supporting the latter view. Parents were more likely than non-parents to work fewer hours during the pandemic than before, and mothers were more likely than fathers to work fewer hours once lockdowns were lifted. Moreover, even though parents tended to divide childcare more evenly, at least temporarily, mothers still shouldered more childcare work than fathers. The division of housework remained largely unchanged. It is therefore unsurprising that women, in particular mothers, reported lower satisfaction during the observation period. Essential workers experienced fewer changes in their working lives than respondents in other occupations. KW - COVID-19 KW - gender KW - family KW - employment KW - division of labour KW - satisfaction Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1833229 SN - 1461-6696 SN - 1469-8307 VL - 23 SP - S658 EP - S673 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Munnes, Stefan A1 - Sauermann, Armin T1 - Problems and pitfalls of retrospective survey questions in COVID-19 studies JF - Survey research methods N2 - This paper examines and discusses the biases and pitfalls of retrospective survey questions that are currently being used in many medical, epidemiological, and sociological studies on the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing the consistency of answers to retrospective questions provided by respondents who participated in the first two waves of a survey on the social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, we illustrate the insights generated by a large body of survey research on the use of retrospective questions and recall accuracy. KW - COVID-19 KW - retrospective questions KW - recall accuracy Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7741 SN - 1864-3361 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 109 EP - 113 PB - European Survey Research Association CY - Konstanz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Munnes, Stefan A1 - Sauermann, Armin T1 - Commentary zu: Schaurer, Ines; Weiß, Bernd: Investigating selection bias of online surveys on coronavirus-related behavioral outcomes JF - Survey research methods Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7751 SN - 1864-3361 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 107 EP - 108 PB - European Survey Research Association CY - Duisburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apelt, Maja A1 - Koch, Annika A1 - Michalowski, Ines A1 - Molzberger, Kaspar A1 - Schenk, Liane A1 - Schmidt, Max Oliver T1 - How organisations regulate Muslim body practices BT - a comparison of schools, hospitals, and swimming pools JF - Comparative migration studies N2 - In a comparison of three human service organisations in which the human body plays a key role, we examine how organisations regulate religious body practices. We concentrate on Muslim norms of dressing and undressing as a potential focal point of cultural and religious diversity. Inspired by Ray’s (2019) idea of racialized organizations, we assume that state-run organizations in Germany are characterized by a strong commitment to religious tolerance and non-discrimination but also marked by anti- Muslim sentiment prevalent among the German population. Our study looks for mechanism that explain how Human Service Organizations accommodate Muslim body practices. It draws on qualitative empirical data collected in state-run hospitals, schools and swimming pools in Germany. Our analyses show that the organizations draw on formal and informal rules at the organizational level to accommodate Islam. We identify five general organizational mechanisms that may hinder Muslim accommodation in human service organizations. In particular, we see a risk of decoupling between the expectation of religious tolerance and processes that lead to informal discrimination, driven mainly by the difficulty of controlling group dynamics among users. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y SN - 2214-594X SN - 2214-8590 VL - 11 PB - European Research Centre on Migration and Ethnic Relations CY - Utrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Risky journeys BT - risk and decision‐making among potential irregular migrants in Senegal and Guinea JF - International migration N2 - In response to well-documented harms inflicted on irregular migrants attempting to travel from West Africa to Europe, various actors have scaled up information interventions to counter misinformation by smuggling networks and facilitate safe migration decisions. Many interventions include information on the potential dangers involved in migration. However, there is a striking lack of empirical evidence assessing a key assumption of campaign effectiveness, that is the relationship between risk perceptions and the decision to migrate irregularly. This study contributes an empirical account based on two independently collected surveys in Senegal and Guinea. Consistent with rational choice theories on migration decisions under uncertainty, the results suggest that higher risk perceptions are consistently and strongly associated with reduced intentions to migrate irregularly. Yet, the explanatory power of risk perceptions depends on context and is generally less important than structural and socio-economic factors. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13003 SN - 0020-7985 SN - 1468-2435 VL - 61 IS - 2 SP - 212 EP - 225 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Hipp, Lena T1 - Geschlechterungleichheiten im Arbeitsleben und subjektiven Wohlbefinden von Erwerbstätigen während der COVID-19-Pandemie T1 - Gender Inequalities in Employment and Subjective-Wellbeing among the Employed during the COVID-19 Pandemic JF - Sozialer Fortschritt N2 - Wie hat sich die COVID-19 Pandemie auf geschlechtsspezifische Ungleichheiten im Arbeitsleben und dem subjektiven Wohlbefinden Erwerbstätiger ausgewirkt? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage analysiert dieser Beitrag drei Wellen einer nicht zufallsbasierten Onlinestichprobe für den Zeitraum Mitte März bis Anfang August 2020 und umfassen damit den Zeitraum des ersten Lockdowns. Die Ergebnisse unserer multivariaten Analysen zeigen: Frauen, Eltern und insbesondere Mütter waren überdurchschnittlich von Arbeitszeitreduzierungen betroffen. Bei der Wahrscheinlichkeit im Homeoffice zu arbeiten gab es nur geringfügige Unterschiede nach Geschlecht und Familiensituation. Die Zufriedenheit mit der Arbeit, dem Familienleben und dem Leben insgesamt ging bei Frauen, Eltern und insbesondere Müttern überproportional stark zurück. Die beobachteten Unterschiede verringern sich gegen Ende des Lockdowns wieder, jedoch unterschiedlich stark für die einzelnen Ergebnisdimensionen. N2 - How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected gender inequalities in employment and the subjective well-being of the employed? To answer this question, we analyze three waves of a non-randomized online-survey from mid-March to the beginning of August 2020. The results of our multivariate analyses show: Women, parents, and especially mothers were disproportionately affected by working-time reductions. The likelihood of working from home differed only marginally by gender and family situation. Declines in satisfaction with work, family life and life in general were stronger among women, parents, and especially mothers. The observed differences decreased towards the end of the lockdown-phase, though to different extends for different outcomes. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3790/sfo.70.5-6.293 SN - 0038-609X SN - 1865-5386 VL - 70 IS - 5-6 SP - 293 EP - 315 PB - Duncker & Humblot CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tjaden, Jasper A1 - Spörlein, Christoph T1 - How much do “local policies” matter for refugee integration? BT - an analytical model and evidence from a highly decentralized country JF - International migration review N2 - A growing number of studies have recently postulated a so-called local turn in the study of immigrant and refugee integration policy. A fundamental, yet untested, assumption of this body of research is that local (sub-national) policies and administrations shape how migrants and refugees integrate into society. We develop and apply an analytical model using multilevel modeling techniques based on large-N, longitudinal survey data (N > 9000) with refugees (2012–2018) in a highly decentralized country (Germany) to estimate the scope for local policy effects net of individual-level and state- and district-level characteristics. We show that region and district-level variation in integration outcomes across multiple dimensions (employment, education, language, housing, social) is limited (∼5%) within 4–8 years after immigration. We find modest variation in policy indicators (∼10%), which do not appear to directly translate into outcomes. We discuss implications for the study of local policies and the potential for greater convergence between administrative and political science, interested in governance structures and policy variation, and sociology and economics, interested primarily in integration outcomes. KW - refugee KW - policy KW - integration Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231205561 SN - 0197-9183 SN - 1747-7379 PB - Sage Publications CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ndashimye, Felix A1 - Hebie, Oumarou A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Effectiveness of WhatsApp for measuring migration in follow-up phone surveys BT - lessons from a mode experiment in two low-income countries during COVID contact restrictions JF - Social science computer review N2 - Phone surveys have increasingly become important data collection tools in developing countries, particularly in the context of sudden contact restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, there is limited evidence regarding the potential of the messenger service WhatsApp for remote data collection despite its large global coverage and expanding membership. WhatsApp may offer advantages in terms of reducing panel attrition and cutting survey costs. WhatsApp may offer additional benefits to migration scholars interested in cross-border migration behavior which is notoriously difficult to measure using conventional face-to-face surveys. In this field experiment, we compared the response rates between WhatsApp and interactive voice response (IVR) modes using a sample of 8446 contacts in Senegal and Guinea. At 12%, WhatsApp survey response rates were nearly eight percentage points lower than IVR survey response rates. However, WhatsApp offers higher survey completion rates, substantially lower costs and does not introduce more sample selection bias compared to IVR. We discuss the potential of WhatsApp surveys in low-income contexts and provide practical recommendations for field implementation. KW - WhatsApp KW - survey mode KW - migration KW - Covid KW - phone Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393221111340 SN - 0894-4393 SN - 1552-8286 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Schlüter, Charlotte A1 - Molina, Stefania ED - Dobrotić, Ivana ED - Blum, Sonja ED - Koslowski, Alison T1 - The role of employers in reducing the implementation gap in leave policies T2 - Research handbook on leave policy N2 - Although mothers and fathers in almost all rich democracies are entitled to some form of paid parenting leave, fathers in particular do not take all the leave available to them. As employers play an important role in the implementation of parenting leave policies, this chapter investigates which workplace characteristics influence mothers' and fathers' uptake of their statutory leave entitlements. In Part 1, we estimate the size of the gap between statutory leave entitlement and leave uptake across genders and countries by combining data from the OECD and the European Labor Force Survey. In Parts 2 and 3, we review the literature on structural, cultural, and normative explanations for the gap in parenting leave uptake. We conclude the chapter with suggestions for further research, including the need for reliable data on the size of the implementation gap and research on non-European countries. KW - parental leave KW - policy implementation KW - employment KW - workplace culture KW - gender equality Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-80037-221-4 SN - 978-1-80037-220-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800372214.00036 SP - 338 EP - 352 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Syed, Moin A1 - Santos, Carlos A1 - Yoo, Hyung Chol A1 - Juang, Linda P. T1 - Invisibility of racial/ethnic minorities in developmental science BT - Implications for Research and Institutional Practices JF - American Psychologist N2 - García Coll et al.’s (1996)integrative model was a landmark article for developmentalscience, and for psychology more broadly, in outlining the multitude of social and culturalfactors at play when seeking to understand the development of racial/ethnic minority children.The time is ripe to not only take stock of those advances but also evaluate the integrativemodel in the context of present-day research practice within developmental psychology, andpsychology more broadly. The purpose of this article is to bring a systemic perspective todevelopmental science through a discussion of current practices in the field. To do so, weexamineinvisibility, or how dominant practices serve to overlook, silence, or dismissknowledge produced by and for racial/ethnic minority populations. Guided by the interpretiveframework of intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1991), we discuss three key questions: Fromwhose vantage point is research conducted? What types of questions are valued? And whogets left out? We then conclude with recommendations for changes in practices for individ-uals, institutions, and the field at large. Importantly, although our analysis is largely groundedin research and practices in developmental psychology, it is also highly relevant to psycho-logical science as a whole. KW - developmental psychology KW - race/ethnicity KW - intersectionality KW - invisibilities Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000294 SN - 0003-066X SN - 1935-990X VL - 73 IS - 6 SP - 812 EP - 826 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mackert, Jürgen ED - Müller, Hans-Peter ED - Sigmund, Steffen T1 - Schließung, soziale T2 - Max Weber-Handbuch N2 - In Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft führt Weber das Konzept »offener« und »geschlossener« sozialer Beziehungen (s. Kap. II.4) als § 10 der Soziologischen Grundbegriffe systematisch nach der Unterscheidung von »Vergemeinschaftung « und »Vergesellschaftung« (WuG, 21 § 9) ein. Während das soziale Handeln (s. Kap. II.16) bei der ersten dieser beiden Formen sozialer Beziehungen auf affektuell oder traditional begründeter Zusammengehörigkeit von Individuen beruht, gründet es bei der zweiten auf der wert- oder zweckrationalen Orientierung ihres Handelns. Trotz dieser wichtigen, anhand seiner Handlungstypen getroffenen Unterscheidung, macht Weber dann allerdings zugleich deutlich, dass im Hinblick auf Prozesse sozialer Schließung kein Unterschied darin besteht, ob es sich um subjektiv gefühlte oder rational motivierte Zusammengehörigkeiten dreht. Vielmehr gilt jegliche soziale Beziehung nach außen hin als »offen«, »wenn und insoweit die Teilnahme an dem an ihrem Sinngehalt orientierten gegenseitigen Handeln, welches sie konstituiert, nach ihren geltenden Ordnungen niemand verwehrt wird, der dazu tatsächlich in der Lage und geneigt ist« (ebd., 23). Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-476-05141-7 SN - 978-3-476-05142-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05142-4_39 SP - 156 EP - 158 PB - J.B. Metzler CY - Stuttgart ET - 2., aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilliestam, Johan A1 - Melliger, Marc André A1 - Ollier, Lana A1 - Schmidt, Tobias S. A1 - Steffen, Bjarne T1 - Understanding and accounting for the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on global learning rates JF - Nature energy N2 - Learning rates are a central concept in energy system models and integrated assessment models, as they allow researchers to project the future costs of new technologies and to optimize energy system costs. Here we argue that exchange rate fluctuations are an important, but thus far overlooked, determinant of the learning-rate variance observed in the literature. We explore how empirically observed global learning rates depend on where technologies are installed and which currency is used to calculate the learning rate. Using global data of large-scale photovoltaic (>= 5 MW) plants, we show that the currency choice can result in learning-rate differences of up to 16 percentage points. We then introduce an adjustment factor to correct for the effect of exchange rate and market focus fluctuations and discuss the implications of our findings for innovation scholars, energy modellers and decision makers.
Learning rates are a measure of reduction in costs of energy from technologies such as solar photovoltaics. These are often estimated internationally with all monetary figures converted to a single currency, often US dollars. Lilliestam et al. show that such conversions can significantly affect the learning rate estimates. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0531-y SN - 2058-7546 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 78 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ollier, Lana A1 - Melliger, Marc André A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Friends or foes? BT - Political synergy or competition between renewable energy and energy efficiency policy JF - Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management N2 - Energy efficiency measures and the deployment of renewable energy are commonly presented as two sides of the same coin-as necessary and synergistic measures to decarbonize energy systems and reach the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement. Here, we quantitatively investigate the policies and performances of the EU Member States to see whether renewables and energy efficiency policies are politically synergistic or if they rather compete for political attention and resources. We find that Member States, especially the ones perceived as climate leaders, tend to prioritize renewables over energy efficiency in target setting. Further, almost every country performs well in either renewable energy or energy efficiency, but rarely performs well in both. We find no support for the assertion that the policies are synergistic, but some evidence that they compete. However, multi-linear regression models for performance show that performance, especially in energy efficiency, is also strongly associated with general economic growth cycles, and not only efficiency policy as such. We conclude that renewable energy and energy efficiency are not synergistic policies, and that there is some competition between them. KW - energy efficiency KW - renewable energy KW - climate policy KW - policy cycle KW - EU KW - policy competition Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236339 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 13 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Balzar, Christoph T1 - Das kolonisierte Heiligtum BT - Diskriminierungskritische Perspektiven auf das Verfahren der Musealisierung T2 - Cultural Heritage Studies N2 - Während der Zeit des historischen Kolonialismus wurden in Völkerkundemuseen komplexe Formen rassistischer und religiöser Diskriminierung institutionalisiert, z.B. in den dort gültigen Ästhetik- und Kunstbegriffen. Viele der heutigen Museumsangestellten erklären sich deswegen zu Reformen bereit. Doch können sie sich tatsächlich vom Kolonialismus trennen? Ist eine Dekolonisation ethnologischer Museen mit kolonialer Beute je abschließend möglich? Am Beispiel umstrittener Heiligtümer lebender Kulturen untersucht Christoph Balzar das Verfahren der Musealisierung durch die Linse der Diskriminierungskritik. Im Fokus stehen dabei die Sammlungen der »Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin«. KW - Museum KW - Kolonialismus KW - Ethnologie KW - Kunstgeschichte KW - Dekolonisation KW - Erinnerungskultur KW - Kulturmanagement KW - Museumswissenschaft Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-8394-6525-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839465257 SN - 2752-1524 IS - 4 PB - transcript Verlag CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Asche, Matthias ED - Asche, Matthias ED - Hesse, Christian ED - Holý, Martin T1 - Das höhere Bildungswesen der Schweiz in Spätmittelalter und Früher Neuzeit : Institutionen und Formen der Peregrinatio academica (Einführungsvortrag) BT - Studentenmigration, Gelehrtennetzwerke und Buchkultur : Basel und die Schweizer Hohen Schulen in ihren Bezügen zu (Ost)Mitteleuropa vom 15. bis 17. Jahrhundert T2 - H-Soz-Kult : Kommunikation und Fachinformation für die Geschichtswissenschaften N2 - Er stellte die Entwicklung der Universität Basel an der Schwelle vom Mittelalter zur Frühen Neuzeit bis zum 17. Jahrhundert dar und unterstrich ihre Bedeutung für die nichtkatholischen Studenten aus den Nachbarländern nach dem Beginn der Reformation: Die hiesige Universität war nämlich zudem ein idealer Ort, an dem sich sowohl frankophone Studenten als auch reformierte Studenten aus Frankreich, dem Herzogtum Savoyen-Piemont, England oder Italien als Glaubensflüchtlinge einschreiben konnten. Basel diente zudem als Transituniversität bei Bildungsreisen durch Europa im Rahmen der peregrinatio academica. Neben Basel widmete sich Asche auch den reformierten Hohen Schulen bzw. Akademien in Zürich, Bern, Lausanne und Genf sowie deren Stellung im schweizerischen Bildungssystem der Frühen Neuzeit; er erklärte deren Funktion (vornehmlich für die Pfarrerausbildung) sowie die regionale und soziale Herkunft der dortigen Studentenschaft, die ebenfalls teilweise aus dem Ausland stammte. Y1 - 2022 SN - 2196-5307 PB - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köster, Antonia A1 - Matt, Christian A1 - Hess, Thomas T1 - Do all roads lead to Rome? BT - exploring the relationship between social referrals, referral propensity and stickiness to video-on-demand websites JF - Business and Information Systems Engineering N2 - Content website providers have two main goals: They seek to attract consumers and to keep them on their websites as long as possible. To reach potential consumers, they can utilize several online channels, such as paid search results or advertisements on social media, all of which usually require a substantial marketing budget. However, with rising user numbers of online communication tools, website providers increasingly integrate social sharing buttons on their websites to encourage existing consumers to facilitate referrals to their social networks. While little is known about this social form of guiding consumers to a content website, the study proposes that the way in which consumers reach a website is related to their stickiness to the website and their propensity to refer content to others. By using a unique clickstream data set of a video-on-demand website, the study compares consumers referred by their social network to those consumers arriving at the website via organic search or social media advertisements in terms of stickiness to the website (e.g., visit length, number of page views, video starts) and referral likelihood. The results show that consumers referred through social referrals spend more time on the website, view more pages, and start more videos than consumers who respond to social media advertisements, but less than those coming through organic search. Concerning referral propensity, the results indicate that consumers attracted to a website through social referrals are more likely to refer content to others than those who came through organic search or social media advertisements. The study offers direct insights to managers and recommends an increase in their efforts to promote social referrals on their websites. KW - social referrals KW - organic search KW - social media advertising KW - website stickiness KW - referral propensity Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-020-00660-1 SN - 1867-0202 VL - 63 SP - 349 EP - 366 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dörfler, Thomas T1 - Why rules matter: shaping security council sanctions policy in counterterrorism and beyond JF - Journal of global security studies N2 - Sanctions are critical to the Security Council's efforts to fight terrorism. What is striking is that the Council's sanctions regimes are subject to detailed sets of rules and decision criteria. The scholarship on human rights in counterterrorism assumes that rights advocacy and court litigation have prompted this development. The article complements this literature by highlighting an unexplored internal driver of legal-regulatory decision-making and explores how mixed-motive interest constellations among Security Council members have affected the extent of committee regulations and the content of decisions taken by sanctions committees. Based on internal documents and diplomatic cables, a comparative analysis of the Iraq sanctions regime and the counterterrorism sanctions regime demonstrates that mixed-motive interest constellations among Security Council members provide incentives to elaborate rules to guide decision-making resulting in legal-regulatory sanctions governance, even if the human rights of targeted individuals are not at stake. For comparative leverage and to assess the limits of the proposed mechanism, the analysis is briefly extended to other sanctions regimes targeting individuals (Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan). The findings have implications for this essential tool of the Security Council to react to threats to peace as diverse as counterterrorism, nonproliferation, and internal armed conflict. N2 - Les sanctions jouent un rôle essentiel dans la lutte du Conseil de sécurité contre le terrorisme. Ce qui est frappant, c'est que les régimes de sanctions du Conseil sont soumis à un ensemble détaillé de règles et de critères de décision. La recherche sur les droits de l'homme dans le cadre de la lutte contre le terrorisme suppose que la défense des droits et les litiges devant les tribunaux sont à l'origine de cet état de fait. L'article vient compléter cette littérature en soulignant un facteur interne inexploré dans la prise de décisions légales/réglementaires. Il analyse les répercussions des constellations de divers intérêts chez les membres du Conseil de sécurité sur l’étendue des réglementations de comité et le contenu des décisions prises par les comités de sanctions. En s'appuyant sur des documents internes et des câbles diplomatiques, une analyse comparative du régime de sanctions de l'Irak et du régime de sanctions de lutte contre le terrorisme démontre que ces constellations de divers intérêts chez les membres du Conseil de sécurité motivent l’élaboration de règles pour guider la prise de décisions débouchant sur une gouvernance de sanctions légales/réglementaires, même quand les droits de l'homme des personnes ciblées ne sont pas en jeu. À des fins de comparaison, et pour évaluer les limites du mécanisme proposé, l'analyse fait l'objet d'un bref élargissement à d'autres régimes de sanctions ciblant des personnes (RDC et Soudan). Les conclusions s'accompagnent d'implications pour cet outil essentiel du Conseil de sécurité dans la réaction aux menaces pour la paix : lutte contre le terrorisme, non-prolifération et conflit armé interne. N2 - Las sanciones son fundamentales para los esfuerzos del Consejo de Seguridad en la lucha contra el terrorismo. Lo sorprendente es que los regímenes de sanciones del Consejo están sujetos a detallados conjuntos de normas y criterios de decisión. Los académicos especializados en cuestión de derechos humanos en la lucha antiterrorista parten de la base de que la defensa de los derechos y los litigios ante los tribunales han impulsado esta tendencia. Este artículo complementa esta bibliografía poniendo de relieve un impulsor interno inexplorado de la toma de decisiones jurídico-normativas y analiza cómo las constelaciones de intereses de motivación mixta entre los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad han afectado al alcance de las normativas de los comités y al contenido de las decisiones adoptadas por los comités de sanciones. Basándose en documentos internos y telegramas diplomáticos, un análisis comparativo del régimen de sanciones contra Irak con el régimen de sanciones antiterroristas demuestra que las constelaciones de intereses de motivación mixta entre los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad proporcionan incentivos para la elaboración de normas que guíen la toma de decisiones dando lugar a una gobernanza jurídica-normativa de las sanciones, aun cuando no estén en juego los derechos humanos de las personas sancionadas. A efectos comparativos y con el fin de evaluar los límites del mecanismo propuesto, el análisis se amplía someramente a otros regímenes de sanciones dirigidos a individuos (RDC y Sudán). Las conclusiones tienen implicaciones para esta herramienta esencial del Consejo de Seguridad a fin de reaccionar ante amenazas a la paz tan diversas como la lucha antiterrorista, la no proliferación y los conflictos armados internos. KW - Security Council KW - committee governance KW - UN sanctions KW - due process KW - counterterrorism KW - Iraq KW - Conseil de sécurité KW - gouvernance de comité KW - sanctions de l’ONU KW - procédure officielle KW - lutte contre le terrorisme KW - Irak KW - Consejo de Seguridad KW - Gobernanza de los Comités KW - Sanciones de la ONU KW - Proceso debido KW - Lucha antiterrorista KW - Irak Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogac041 SN - 2057-3170 SN - 2057-3189 VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuster, Isabell A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Marchewka, Juliette A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Does question format matter in assessing the prevalence of sexual aggression? BT - A methodological study JF - The journal of sex research N2 - As research on sexual aggression has been growing, methodological issues in assessing prevalence rates have received increased attention. Building on work by Abbey and colleagues about effects of question format, participants in this study (1,253; 621 female; 632 male) were randomly assigned to one of two versions of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). In Version 1, the coercive tactic (use/threat of physical force, exploitation of the inability to resist, verbal pressure) was presented first, and sexual acts (sexual touch, attempted and completed sexual intercourse, other sexual acts) were presented as subsequent questions. In Version 2, sexual acts were presented first, and coercive tactics as subsequent questions. No version effects emerged for overall perpetration rates reported by men and women. The overall victimization rate across all items was significantly higher in the tactic-first than in the sexual-act-first conditions for women, but not for men. Classifying participants by their most severe experience of sexual victimization showed that fewer women were in the nonvictim category and more men were in the nonconsensual sexual contact category when the coercive tactic was presented first. Sexual experience background did not moderate the findings. The implications for the measurement of self-reported sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are discussed. KW - self-report measures KW - experiences survey KW - risk-factors KW - victimization KW - rape KW - assault KW - women KW - perpetration KW - reliability KW - responses Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1777927 SN - 0022-4499 SN - 1559-8519 VL - 58 IS - 4 SP - 502 EP - 511 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Schuster, Isabell T1 - Comparing sexuality-related cognitions, sexual behavior, and acceptance of sexual coercion in dating app users and non-users JF - Sexuality research & social policy N2 - Using dating apps has become popular for many young adults worldwide, promising the chance to meet new sexual partners. Because there is evidence that using dating apps may be associated with risky sexual behavior, this study compared users and non-users concerning their sexuality-related cognitions, namely their risky sexual scripts and sexual self-esteem, as well as their risky and sexually assertive behavior. It also explored the link between dating app use and acceptance of sexual coercion. A total of 491 young heterosexual adults (295 female) participated in an online survey advertised in social media and college libraries in Germany. Results indicated that users had more risky sexual scripts and reported more risky sexual behavior than non-users. Furthermore, male dating app users had lower sexual self-esteem and higher acceptance of sexual coercion than male non-users. In both gender groups, dating app use predicted casual sexual activity via a more risky casual sex script. Gender differences, potential underlying mechanisms, and directions for future research are discussed. KW - dating app use KW - sexual scripts KW - sexual behavior KW - acceptance of sexual KW - coercion KW - young adults Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-019-00397-x SN - 1868-9884 SN - 1553-6610 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 188 EP - 198 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Eddie A1 - Lang, Felix A1 - Arneth, Sabrina T1 - Eskalation in Tweets BT - die Rolle sozialer Medien JF - Schriftenreihe der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-7425-1043-3 VL - 11043 SP - 108 EP - 118 PB - Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung CY - Bonn ER - TY - BOOK ED - Malthaner, Stefan ED - Teune, Simon ED - Ullrich, Peter T1 - Eskalation BT - Dynamiken der Gewalt im Kontext der G20-Proteste in Hamburg 2017 N2 - Die Ereignisse um den G20-Gipfel im Juli 2017 haben viele Menschen schockiert und die Hamburger Stadtgesellschaft gespalten. Sie stehen in starkem Kontrast zu dem Sicherheitsversprechen, das der Senat im Vorfeld abgegeben hat, ebenso wie zu der Ankündigung, der Gipfel werde ein „Festival der Demokratie“. Dass ein Gipfelprotest in Unruhen mit breiter Beteiligung überging aber auch das teils gewaltsame polizeiliche Vorgehen gegen Protestierende ist erklärungsbedürftig. In der anhaltenden Diskussion über die Hintergründe der Auseinandersetzungen werden zumeist entweder die Polizei oder „gewaltbereite Gruppen“ für das Ausmaß der Gewalt verantwortlich gemacht. Letzteres lässt sich jedoch nur bedingt aus Motiven und vorgefassten Plänen bestimmter Akteure ableiten. Ein großer Teil der Gewalt entsteht – dies gerät allzu oft aus dem Blick – maßgeblich in Prozessen der Eskalation, in denen die Handlungen der verschiedenen Beteiligten miteinander verflochten sind, insofern sie auf Grundlage ihrer Deutung vorangegangener Erfahrungen und ihrer Wahrnehmung des Gegenübers aufeinander reagieren. Situationen der Gewalt haben zudem ihre eigene, in manchen Fällen kaum steuerbare, Dynamik. Der Bericht rekonstruiert, wie und warum die Gewalt in Hamburg in dieser Form eskalierte. Er enthält sich weitgehend einer moralischen Einordnung. Er beleuchtet konkrete Situationen des Aufeinandertreffens der Konfliktparteien und bettet sie in einen größeren Kontext ein, unter anderem in Hinblick auf die Konstitution der beteiligten Gruppen und in Hinblick auf die mediale Deutung des Geschehens. Der Bericht fasst die ersten Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojektes zusammen, an dem über acht Monate mehr als 20 Gewalt-, Protest- und Polizeiforscher*innen mitgewirkt haben. Er beruht auf einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Quellen: Interviews mit Beteiligten, Dokumente, Filmaufnahmen und Fotografien, die Kommunikation auf Twitter und die Berichterstattung in ausgewählten Tageszeitungen, Beobachtungsprotokolle aus der Protestwoche und danach. Die Analyse gliedert sich in drei Teile. (1) Die Ausgangskonstellation, in der sich die unmittelbar Beteiligten, Polizei und Protestierende, auf die Protestwoche einstellen und prägende Grundkonflikte sichtbar werden. (2) Schlüsselsituationen, in denen Konflikte ausgetragen werden und die Muster der Eskalation im Kleinen sichtbar machen. (3) Die mediale Deutung und Formung der Ereignisse, über die der Fokus auf „Gewalt“ verstärkt und die jeweils eigene Wahrnehmung bestätigt wird. Für die Analyse der Entstehung von Gewalt ist der Fall ein eindrückliches Beispiel für die Verkettung von Ereignissen ebenso wie für die Eigendynamik situativer Konfrontationen. Dies bedeutet jedoch nicht, dass die Planungen, Erwartungen und Entscheidungen der Handelnden keine Rolle spielen würden. Die Dynamik des Geschehens verwirklicht sich, im Gegenteil, gerade darin, dass die Beteiligten in der Verflechtung ihrer Handlungen ihre Kalkulationen verändern und Situationsdeutungen entwickeln, welche Gewalt möglich oder notwendig erscheinen lassen KW - G20 KW - Group of Twenty KW - Protestforschung KW - Protest Policing KW - Gipfelproteste KW - prozessuale Erklärung Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-7331 PB - Technische Universität Berlin CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Harth, Jonathan A1 - Feißt, Martin ED - Schnell, Martin ED - Nehlsen, Lukas T1 - Neue soziale Kontingenzmaschinen BT - Überlegungen zu künstlicher sozialer Intelligenz am Beispiel der Interaktion mit GPT-3 T2 - Begegnungen mit künstlicher Intelligenz Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-95832-288-2 SN - 978-3-7489-3449-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748934493-70 SP - 70 EP - 103 PB - Velbrück Wissenschaft CY - Weilerswist ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalleitner, Fabian A1 - Bobzien, Licia T1 - Taxed fairly? BT - how differences in perception shape attitudes towards progressive taxation JF - European sociological review N2 - Empirically, the poor are more likely to support increases in the level of tax progressivity than the rich. Such income-stratified tax preferences can result from differences in preferences of what should be taxed as argued by previous literature. However, it may also result from income-stratified perceptions of what is taxed. This paper argues that the rich perceive higher levels of tax progressivity than the poor and that tax perceptions affect individuals’ support for progressive taxation. Using data from an Austrian survey experiment, we test this argument in three steps: First, in line with past research, we show that individuals’ income positions are connected to individuals’ tax preferences as a self-interest rationale would predict. However, second, we show that this variation is mainly driven by income-stratified tax perceptions. Third, randomly informing a subset of the sample about actual tax rates, we find that changing tax perceptions causally affects support for redistributive taxation among those who initially overestimated the level of tax progressivity. Our results indicate that tax perceptions are relevant for forming tax preferences and suggest that individuals are more polarized in their perceptions of who pays how much taxes than in their support for who should pay how much tax. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad060 SN - 0266-7215 SN - 1468-2672 VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 535 EP - 548 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abramova, Olga A1 - Wagner, Amina A1 - Olt, Christian M. A1 - Buxmann, Peter T1 - One for all, all for one BT - social considerations in user acceptance of contact tracing apps using longitudinal evidence from Germany and Switzerland JF - International Journal of Information Management N2 - We propose a conceptual model of acceptance of contact tracing apps based on the privacy calculus perspective. Moving beyond the duality of personal benefits and privacy risks, we theorize that users hold social considerations (i.e., social benefits and risks) that underlie their acceptance decisions. To test our propositions, we chose the context of COVID-19 contact tracing apps and conducted a qualitative pre-study and longitudinal quantitative main study with 589 participants from Germany and Switzerland. Our findings confirm the prominence of individual privacy calculus in explaining intention to use and actual behavior. While privacy risks are a significant determinant of intention to use, social risks (operationalized as fear of mass surveillance) have a notably stronger impact. Our mediation analysis suggests that social risks represent the underlying mechanism behind the observed negative link between individual privacy risks and contact tracing apps' acceptance. Furthermore, we find a substantial intention–behavior gap. KW - digital contact tracing KW - privacy calculus KW - longitudinal study KW - privacy risks KW - surveillance KW - intention-behavior gap Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102473 SN - 0268-4012 SN - 1873-4707 VL - 64 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier CY - Kidlington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muehlbauer, Thomas A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Borde, Ron A1 - Hortobagyi, Tibor T1 - Non-Discriminant Relationships between Leg Muscle Strength, Mass and Gait Performance in Healthy Young and Old Adults JF - Gerontology N2 - Background: Gait speed declines with increasing age, but it is unclear if gait speed preferentially correlates with leg muscle strength or mass. Objective: We determined the relationship between gait speed and (1) leg muscle strength measured at 3 lower extremity joints and (2) leg lean tissue mass (LTM) in healthy young (age: 25 years, n = 20) and old (age: 70 years, n = 20) adults. Methods: Subjects were tested for maximal isokinetic hip, knee, and ankle extension torque, leg LTM by bioimpedance, and gait performance (i.e., gait speed, stride length) at preferred and maximal gait speeds. Results: We found no evidence for a preferential relationship between gait performance and leg muscle strength compared with gait performance and leg LTM in healthy young and old adults. In old adults, hip extensor strength only predicted habitual gait speed (R-2 = 0.29, p = 0.015), whereas ankle plantarflexion strength only predicted maximal gait speed and stride length (both R-2 = 0.40, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Gait speed did not preferentially correlate with leg muscle strength or leg LTM, favoring neither outcome for predicting mobility. Thus, we recommend that both leg muscle strength and leg LTM should be tested and trained complementarily. Further, hip and ankle extension torque predicted gait performance, and thus we recommend to test and train healthy old adults by functional integrated multiarticular rather than monoarticular lower extremity strength exercises. KW - Body composition KW - Muscle torque KW - Walking KW - Seniors Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000480150 SN - 0304-324X SN - 1423-0003 VL - 64 IS - 1 SP - 11 EP - 18 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riederer, Bernhard Edwin A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Seewann, Lena T1 - Singles in the city BT - happily ever after? T2 - Vienna Yearbook of Population Research N2 - More people than ever are living in cities, and in these cities, more and more people are living alone. Using the example of Vienna, this paper investigates the subjective well-being of single households in the city. Previous research has identified positive and negative aspects of living alone (e.g., increased freedom vs. missing social embeddedness). We compare single households with other household types using data from the Viennese Quality of Life Survey (1995–2018). In our analysis, we consider overall life satisfaction as well as selected dimensions of subjective wellbeing (i.e., housing, financial situation, main activity, family, social contacts, leisure time). Our findings show that the subjective well-being of single households in Vienna is high and quite stable over time. While single households are found to have lower life satisfaction than two-adult households, this result is mainly explained by singles reporting lower satisfaction with family life. Compared to households with children, singles are more satisfied with their financial situation, leisure time and housing, which helps to offset the negative consequences of missing family ties (in particular with regard to single parents). Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res3.2 SN - 1728-5305 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 319 EP - 353 PB - Austrian Academy of Sciences Press CY - Vienna ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Negra, Yassine A1 - Capranica, Laura A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - A Needs Analysis of Karate Kumite With Recommendations for Performance Testing and Training JF - Strength and conditioning journal N2 - An effective training program needs to be customized to the specific demands of the redpective sport. Therefore, it is important to conduct a needs analysis to gain information on the unique characteristics of the sport. The objectives of thes review were (A) to conduct a systematic needs analysis of karate kumite and (B) to provide practical recommendations for sport-specific performance testing and training of karate kumite athletes. KW - sport profile KW - striking combat sports KW - strength KW - power KW - energetic systems KW - injury KW - assessment Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000445 SN - 1524-1602 SN - 1533-4295 VL - 41 IS - 3 SP - 35 EP - 46 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Präg, Patrick A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Richards, Lindsay T1 - Intragenerational social mobility and well-being in Great Britain BT - a biomarker approach JF - Social forces N2 - Social theory has long predicted that social mobility, in particular downward social mobility, is detrimental to the well-being of individuals. Dissociative and “falling from grace” theories suggest that mobility is stressful due to the weakening of social ties, feelings of alienation, and loss of status. In light of these theories, it is a puzzle that the majority of quantitative studies in this area have shown null results. Our approach to resolve the puzzle is two-fold. First, we argue for a broader conception of the mobility process than is often used and thus focus on intragenerational occupational class mobility rather than restricting ourselves to the more commonly studied intergenerational mobility. Second, we argue that self-reported measures may be biased by habituation (or “entrenched deprivation”). Using nurse-collected health and biomarker data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010–2012, N = 4,123), we derive a measure of allostatic load as an objective gauge of physiological “wear and tear” and compare patterns of mobility effects with self-reports of health using diagonal reference models. Our findings indicate a strong class gradient in both allostatic load and self-rated health, and that both first and current job matter for current well-being outcomes. However, in terms of the effects of mobility itself, we find that intragenerational social mobility is consequential for allostatic load, but not for self-rated health. Downward mobility is detrimental and upward mobility beneficial for well-being as assessed by allostatic load. Thus, these findings do not support the idea of generalized stress from dissociation, but they do support the “falling from grace” hypothesis of negative downward mobility effects. Our findings have a further implication, namely that the differences in mobility effects between the objective and subjective outcome infer the presence of entrenched deprivation. Null results in studies of self-rated outcomes may therefore be a methodological artifact, rather than an outright rejection of decades-old social theory. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soab153 SN - 0037-7732 SN - 1534-7605 VL - 101 IS - 2 SP - 665 EP - 693 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Ox ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ohlert, Clemens A1 - Boos, Pauline T1 - Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf Geschlechterungleichheiten T1 - Digital transformation and gender inequality BT - eine empirische Untersuchung auf Branchenebene BT - an empirical analysis at the sector level JF - Arbeit N2 - Ausgehend von der Debatte um die Genderaspekte der Digitalisierung der Arbeit untersuchen wir den Zusammenhang zwischen der Nutzung digitaler Technologien und der Entwicklung von Geschlechterungleichheiten empirisch. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Frauen in Branchen mit hohem Digitalisierungsgrad unterrepräsentiert sind und dass sich diese Dimension der Geschlechtersegregation in den letzten Jahren verstärkte. Die Unterrepräsentation von Frauen in Branchen mit hohem Digitalisierungsgrad geht mit Nachteilen bei den Verdiensten einher. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zudem, dass der Gender Pay Gap in Branchen mit hohem Digitalisierungsgrad tendenziell größer ist und über die Zeit weniger zurückging als in Branchen, in denen weniger digitale Technologien genutzt werden. N2 - Departing from previously discussed gender aspects of digitalization, we empirically investigate the relation between the use of digital technologies and the evolution of gender inequalities. The results show that women are underrepresented in sectors which apply more digital technologies and that this segregation has increased in the past years. The underrepresentation of women in sectors with a higher degree of digital technology usage goes along with lower wages. The results further show that the Gender Pay Gap is larger and more persistent in sectors with a higher degree of digital technology usage than in sectors with less intense technology application. KW - Digitalisierung KW - Geschlechtersegregation KW - Gender Pay Gap KW - digital transformation KW - gender segregation KW - gender pay gap Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/arbeit-2020-0015 SN - 0941-5025 SN - 2365-984X VL - 29 IS - 3-4 SP - 195 EP - 218 PB - De Gruyter Oldenbourg CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dosdall, Henrik T1 - Attraktivität und Gleichstellung in Militärorganisationen BT - zum organisierten Umgang der Bundeswehr mit dem Gleichstellungsrecht JF - Der moderne Staat N2 - Der Artikel analysiert aus organisationssoziologischer Perspektive wie die Bundeswehr Gleichstellungsrecht umsetzt. Das zentrale Argument lautet, dass die Bundeswehr das Gleichstellungsrecht managerialisiert, indem sie institutionalisierte Praktiken adaptiert, die es erlauben, das Gleichstellungsrecht für den Zweck der Personalgewinnung auszudeuten. Die Adaption dieser Praktiken wird maßgeblich dadurch begünstigt, dass sich das Gleichstellungsrecht als Lösung mit dem Problem der zukünftigen Personalgewinnung verknüpfen lässt, nachdem die Bundesregierung die Wehrpflicht aussetzte und beschloss, die Bundeswehr wieder zu vergrößern. Der beschriebene Prozess führt auch dazu, dass die Bundeswehr in der Umsetzung des Gleichstellungsrechtes zunehmend großen Unternehmen ähnlicher wird. Insgesamt leistet die vorliegende Studie einen Beitrag zur Analyse der Beziehung staatlicher Organisationen zu ihrer rechtlichen Umwelt. N2 - The article analyzes from an organization theoretical perspective how bureaucratic state organizations adapt equality law by example of the German military, the Bundeswehr. The main argument is that the Bundeswehr managerializes equality law by adapting institutionalized practices to harness equality law for the purpose of winning future employees. Two processes enable this managerialization: the end of conscription and the political decision to increase the size of the Bundeswehr. In the process of this institutional isomorphism, the Bundeswehr becomes increasingly similar to the way companies make use of equality law for their purposes. KW - Organisation KW - Managerialisierung KW - Gleichstellungsrecht KW - Bundeswehr KW - institutionelle Isomorphie KW - organization KW - managerialization KW - equality law KW - institutional isomorphism Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/dms.v14i2.01 SN - 1865-7192 SN - 2196-1395 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 455 EP - 472 PB - Barbara Budrich CY - Leverkusen-Opladen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dosdall, Henrik ED - Heinlein, Michael ED - Dimbath, Oliver T1 - Rationalistische Zerrbilder BT - Konsequenz- und Angemessenheitslogik in Katastrophenerinnerungen am Beispiel der NSU-Untersuchungsberichte T2 - Katastrophen zwischen sozialem Erinnern und Vergessen N2 - Eine zentrale Problematik in der Analyse von Katastrophen liegt darin, dass sich katastrophale Ereignisse nur schwer in ihrem Entstehen beobachten lassen, da sie kaum prognostizierbar sind und sich aus diesem Grund oft einer direkten Beobachtung entziehen. Dies trifft erkennbar auf technische Unfälle zu, aber natürlich auch auf katastrophale Ereignisse abseits technischer Systeme – und dies obgleich der überwiegenden Mehrheit solcher Ereignisse eine relativ lange Inkubationszeit vorausgeht (Turner 1976, 1978; Vaughan 1996). Aber auch ungeachtet dieser Problematik ließe sich zurecht fragen, wie gut sich Finanzkrisen, Flugzeugabstürze oder das Versagen polizeilicher Ermittlungen der Position einer singulären Beobachterin oder eines singulären Beobachters erschließen. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-658-28932-4 SN - 978-3-658-28933-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28933-1_5 SP - 111 EP - 134 PB - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apelt, Maja A1 - Dosdall, Henrik A1 - Trautwein, Ray T1 - Wie das Recht in die Organisation kommt – Die Akteur*innen des Antidiskriminierungsrechts in männlich geprägten Organisationen JF - Kritische Justiz Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/0023-4834-2020-4-445 SN - 0023-4834 SN - 2942-3295 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 445 EP - 456 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dosdall, Henrik A1 - Löckmann, Teresa ED - Bode, Ingo ED - Jungmann, Robert ED - Serrano Velarde, Kathia T1 - Organisationale Dynamiken der Terrorismusprävention BT - der Anschlag auf den Breitscheidplatz, polizeiliche Fallökologien und terroristische Einzeltäter*innen T2 - Staatliche Organisationen und Krisenmanagement N2 - Der Artikel analysiert staatliche Krisenprävention am Fall der polizeilichen Ermittlungen vor dem Anschlag auf den Breitscheidplatz. Die Leitfrage lautet, warum die Polizei ihre Ermittlungen vorzeitig einstellte, obwohl sie Hinweise hatte, dass der spätere Täter beabsichtigte, einen Anschlag zu begehen. Wir zeigen, dass dies auf eine organisationale Dynamik zurückging, die typisch für staatliche Krisenprävention im Bereich Terrorismus scheint. N2 - The article analyses counterterrorism efforts by example of the investigations into the perpetrator of the attack on the Berlin Breitscheidplatz. We focus on why the police stopped their investigations despite having clues that the future perpetrator was planning an attack. The analysis shows that the investigations were terminated due to an organizational dynamic we consider typical for counterterrorism. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-7489-3679-4 SN - 978-3-7560-0428-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748936794-182 SP - 182 EP - 206 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barschkett, Mara A1 - Huebener, Mathias A1 - Leibing, Andreas A1 - Marcus, Jan A1 - Margaryan, Shushanik T1 - Replication of Atwood’s (2022) the long-term effects of measles vaccination on earnings and employment T2 - I4R discussion paper series N2 - Atwood (2022) analyzes the effects of the 1963 U.S. measles vaccination on longrun labor market outcomes, using a generalized difference-in-differences approach. We reproduce the results of this paper and perform a battery of robustness checks. Overall, we confirm that the measles vaccination had positive labor market effects. While the negative effect on the likelihood of living in poverty and the positive effect on the probability of being employed are very robust across the different specifications, the headline estimate-the effect on earnings-is more sensitive to the exclusion of certain regions and survey years. Y1 - 2023 SN - 2752-1931 IS - 33 PB - Institute for Replication CY - Essen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. A1 - Silva-Goncalves, Juliana A1 - Uhlendorff, Arne T1 - Locus of control and the preference for agency JF - European economic review N2 - We conduct a laboratory experiment to study how locus of control operates through people’s preferences and beliefs to influence their decisions. Using the principal–agent setting of the delegation game, we test four key channels that conceptually link locus of control to decision-making: (i) preference for agency, (ii) optimism and (iii) confidence regarding the return to effort, and (iv) illusion of control. Knowing the return and cost of stated effort, principals either retain or delegate the right to make an investment decision that generates payoffs for themselves and their agents. Extending the game to the context in which the return to stated effort is unknown allows us to explicitly study the relationship between locus of control and beliefs about the return to effort. We find that internal locus of control is linked to the preference for agency, an effect that is driven by women. We find no evidence that locus of control influences optimism and confidence about the return to stated effort, or that it operates through an illusion of control. KW - locus of control KW - preference for agency KW - decision-making KW - beliefs KW - optimism KW - confidence KW - illusion of control Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104737 SN - 0014-2921 SN - 1873-572X VL - 165 IS - 104737 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baumgart, Lene A1 - Boos, Pauline A1 - Braunsmann, Katharina T1 - A circulatory loop BT - the reciprocal relationship of organizations, digitalization, and gender JF - Social inclusion N2 - In the digitalization debate, gender biases in digital technologies play a significant role because of their potential for social exclusion and inequality. It is therefore remarkable that organizations as drivers of digitalization and as places for social integration have been widely overlooked so far. Simultaneously, gender biases and digitalization have structurally immanent connections to organizations. Therefore, a look at the reciprocal relationship between organizations, digitalization, and gender is needed. The article provides answers to the question of whether and how organizations (re)produce, reinforce, or diminish gender‐specific inequalities during their digital transformations. On the one hand, gender inequalities emerge when organizations use post‐bureaucratic concepts through digitalization. On the other hand, gender inequalities are reproduced when organizations either program or implement digital technologies and fail to establish control structures that prevent gender biases. This article shows that digitalization can act as a catalyst for inequality‐producing mechanisms, but also has the potential to mitigate inequalities. We argue that organizations must be considered when discussing the potential of exclusion through digitalization. KW - digitalization KW - gender bias KW - gender inequalities KW - organizations Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v11i4.7056 SN - 2183-2803 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 160 EP - 171 PB - Cogitatio Press CY - Lisbon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baumgart, Lene T1 - New work – old problem? BT - wie Postbürokratie die Digitalisierung erschwert BT - how post-bureaucracy hinders digitalization JF - Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching N2 - Die Nutzung digitaler Kollaborationstools wird als Vorausset- zung für eine postbürokratische New Work-Welt erachtet. Organisationale Digita- lisierungsprojekte zur Einführung solcher Kollaborationssoftware sind selbst post- bürokratisch strukturiert, d. h. sie arbeiten in crossfunktionalen und selbstorgani- sierten Teams. Während der Kooperation mit anderen Organisationseinheiten treten Konflikte auf, die sich dadurch verschärfen, dass sie nicht von der Hierarchie ge- löst werden können, sondern im Sinne von New Work demokratisch ausgehandelt werden müssen. In der Folge bedarf es alternativer formaler Strukturen, die diese Herausforderung bewältigen. N2 - The use of digital collaboration tools is considered a requirement for a post-bureaucratic New Work world. Organizational digitalization projects for the introduction of such collaboration software are themselves post-bureaucratically structured, i.e., they work in cross-functional and self-organized teams. During co- operation with other organizational units, conflicts arise that are exacerbated by the fact that they cannot be resolved by the hierarchy but must be negotiated democrati- cally in the spirit of New Work. As a result, alternative formal structures are needed to deal with this challenge. KW - Digitalisierung KW - Postbürokratie KW - funktionale Differenzierung KW - digitalization KW - post-bureaucracy KW - functional differentiation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11613-023-00811-9 SN - 1618-808X SN - 1862-2577 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 181 EP - 194 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omranian, Sara A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - CUBCO+: prediction of protein complexes based on min-cut network partitioning into biclique spanned subgraphs JF - Applied Network Science N2 - High-throughput proteomics approaches have resulted in large-scale protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks that have been employed for the prediction of protein complexes. However, PPI networks contain false-positive as well as false-negative PPIs that affect the protein complex prediction algorithms. To address this issue, here we propose an algorithm called CUBCO+ that: (1) employs GO semantic similarity to retain only biologically relevant interactions with a high similarity score, (2) based on link prediction approaches, scores the false-negative edges, and (3) incorporates the resulting scores to predict protein complexes. Through comprehensive analyses with PPIs from Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Homo sapiens, we show that CUBCO+ performs as well as the approaches that predict protein complexes based on recently introduced graph partitions into biclique spanned subgraphs and outperforms the other state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, we illustrate that in combination with GO semantic similarity, CUBCO+ enables us to predict more accurate protein complexes in 36% of the cases in comparison to CUBCO as its predecessor. KW - Protein complexes KW - Protein–protein interaction KW - Network clustering KW - Species comparison Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-022-00508-5 SN - 2364-8228 VL - 7 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - THES A1 - Schneider, Stefan T1 - Mehr Wirkungsorientierung in Kommunen BT - Bedingungen für eine veränderte politisch-administrative Steuerung T2 - Difu-Impulse Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-88118-545-5 VL - 4 PB - Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik gGmbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagner, Dieter A1 - Bickenbach, Wulf A1 - Schultz, Christian A1 - Lux, Nadine A1 - Gerhardt, Fabian T1 - Interne Kooperation der Universität Potsdam im Bereich Entrepreneurship Education JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 64 EP - 75 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - THES A1 - Spichalsky, Katharina T1 - Change Management und Mitarbeiterbefragungen BT - Konzeptionelle Überlegungen und empirische Erkenntnisse T2 - AutoUni Schriftenreihe ; 87 Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-658-14095-3 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jann, Werner A1 - Reichard, Christoph ED - Wollmann, Hellmut T1 - Best practice in central government modernization BT - in memoriam Frieder Naschold 1940 - 1999 JF - RIEP : Revista internacional de estudos politicos JF - International journal of political studies Y1 - 2001 SN - 1516-5973 VL - 2001 IS - Special 9 SP - 93 EP - 111 PB - NUSEG CY - Rio de Janeiro ER - TY - THES A1 - Gaus, Alexander T1 - Politics at the international competition network BT - a new perspective on power, poltics and logic compromise in meta-organizations Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - AbuJarour, Safa'a A1 - Ajjan, Haya A1 - Fedorowicz, Jane A1 - Köster, Antonia T1 - ICT support for refugees and undocumented immigrants JF - Communications of the Association for Information Systems : CAIS N2 - Immigrant integration has become a primary political concern for leaders in Germany and the United States. The information systems (IS) community has begun to research how information and communications technologies can assist immigrants and refugees, such as by examining how countries can facilitate social-inclusion processes. Migrants face the challenge of joining closed communities that cannot integrate or fear doing so. We conducted a panel discussion at the 2019 Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) in Cancun, Mexico, to introduce multiple viewpoints on immigration. In particular, the panel discussed how technology can both support and prevent immigrants from succeeding in their quest. We conducted the panel to stimulate a thoughtful and dynamic discussion on best practices and recommendations to enhance the discipline's impact on alleviating the challenges that occur for immigrants in their host countries. In this panel report, we introduce the topic of using ICT to help immigrants integrate and identify differences between North/Central America and Europe. We also discuss how immigrants (particularly refugees) use ICT to connect with others, feel that they belong, and maintain their identity. We also uncover the dark and bright sides of how governments use ICT to deter illegal immigration. Finally, we present recommendations for researchers and practitioners on how to best use ICT to assist with immigration. KW - refugees KW - immigration KW - social inclusion KW - deterrence KW - ICT KW - bright side KW - dark side Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.04840 SN - 1529-3181 VL - 48 SP - 456 EP - 475 PB - Association for Information Systems CY - New York, NY ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Boos, Pauline A1 - Geckil, Celine A1 - Muster, Judith ED - Wagener, Andreas ED - Stark, Carsten T1 - Schneller, weiter, besser? BT - Legitimationssicherung der digitalisierten Verwaltung T2 - Die Digitalisierung des Politischen N2 - Der Beitrag nimmt die Kritik an der verzögerten Umsetzung des Onlinezugangsgesetzes (OZG) zum Anlass, um die Digitalisierung der Verwaltung organisationssoziologisch zu diskutieren. Die verfolgte These ist, dass die Verzögerungen der Umsetzung von Digitalisierungsprojekten ihren Ursprung im Umgang der Verwaltung mit einem Spannungsfeld haben: Während politisch versucht wird, sich mithilfe einer Digitalisierung der Verfahren als bessere, schnellere und effizientere Verwaltung zu legitimieren, erzeugt eben diese Digitalisierung Probleme für die Legitimationsmechanismen der Verwaltung. Grundlegend für diese These ist die Figur der Legitimation durch Verfahren von Niklas Luhmann. Der Beitrag greift dementsprechend aktuelle Literatur zum Themengebiet auf, kategorisiert die gefundenen Erkenntnisse in zwei Problemfelder – Operationalisierungs- und Darstellungsprobleme – und begründet das Entstehen dieser Problemfelder mithilfe der Theorie sozialer Systeme. Diese begreift Verfahren als Handlungssysteme, die einen zentralen Stellenwert für die Legitimation der Verwaltungsorganisationen haben. Zuletzt wird diskutiert ob und wie die Erkenntnisse aus der theoretischen Diskussion für die Praxis fruchtbar gemacht werden können. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-38267-4 SN - 978-3-658-38268-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38268-1_6 SP - 119 EP - 140 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baumgart, Lene A1 - Boos, Pauline A1 - Eckstein, Bernd T1 - Datafication and algorithmic contingency BT - how agile organisations deal with technical systems JF - Work organisation, labour & globalisation N2 - In the context of persistent images of self-perpetuated technologies, we discuss the interplay of digital technologies and organisational dynamics against the backdrop of systems theory. Building on the case of an international corporation that, during an agile reorganisation, introduced an AI-based personnel management platform, we show how technical systems produce a form of algorithmic contingency that subsequently leads to the emergence of formal and informal interaction systems. Using the concept of datafication, we explain how these interactions are barriers to the self-perpetuation of data-based decision-making, making it possible to take into consideration further decision factors and complementing the output of the platform. The research was carried out within the scope of the research project ‘Organisational Implications of Digitalisation: The Development of (Post-)Bureaucratic Organisational Structures in the Context of Digital Transformation’ funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). KW - digitalisation KW - datafication KW - organisation KW - agile KW - technical system KW - systems theory KW - interaction KW - algorithmic contingency KW - machine learning KW - platform Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.17.1.0061 SN - 1745-641X SN - 1745-6428 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 61 EP - 73 PB - Pluto Journals CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sohst, Rhea Ravenna A1 - Acostamadiedo, Eduardo A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Reducing uncertainty in Delphi surveys BT - a case study on immigration to the EU JF - Demographic research N2 - Background: Following the rapid increase of asylum seekers arriving in the European Union in 2015/16, policymakers have invested heavily in improving their foresight and forecasting capabilities. A common method to elicit expert predictions are Delphi surveys. This approach has attracted concern in the literature, given the high uncertainty in experts’ predictions. However, there exists limited guidance on specific design choices for future-related Delphi surveys. Objective: We test whether or not small adjustments to the Delphi survey can increase certainty (i.e., reduce variation) in expert predictions on immigration to the EU in 2030. Methods: Based on a two-round Delphi survey with 178 migration experts, we compare variation and subjective confidence in expert predictions and assess whether additional context information (type of migration flow, sociopolitical context) promotes convergence among experts (i.e., less variation) and confidence in their own estimates. Results: We find that additional context information does not reduce variation and does not increase confidence in expert predictions on migration. Conclusions: The results reaffirm recent concerns regarding the limited scope for reducing uncertainty by manipulating the survey setup. Persistent uncertainty may be a result of the complexity of migration processes and limited agreement among migration experts regarding key drivers. Contribution: We caution policymakers and academics on the use of Delphi surveys for eliciting expert predictions on immigration, even when conducted based on a large pool of experts and using specific scenarios. The potential of alternative approaches such as prediction markets should be further explored. KW - European Union KW - immigration KW - international migration KW - migration flows Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2023.49.36 SN - 2363-7064 SN - 1435-9871 VL - 49 SP - 983 EP - 1020 PB - Max Planck Inst. for Demographic Research CY - Rostock ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baumgart, Lene A1 - Muster, Judith T1 - Organization not found BT - ein organisationssoziologischer Blick auf die Digitalisierung als Verwaltungsreform JF - Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift für angewandte Organisationspsychologie N2 - Der Beitrag in der Zeitschrift GIO beschäftigt sich mit der Frage nach den Schwierigkeiten von Digitalisierungsreformen in öffentlichen Verwaltungen. Der Blick wird dafür auf Verwaltungen als Organisationen gerichtet, deren formale Strukturen die Digitalisierungsreform erschweren, da steile Hierarchien und Dienstwegeregelungen mit netzwerkartigen Projektstrukturen konfligieren, agile Arbeitsweisen der Orientierung an rechtlich legitimierten Verfahren zuwiderlaufen und das Personal nicht mit den nötigen Kompetenzen ausgestattet wird. Der organisationssensible Fokus erlaubt es, nicht nur die Probleme der Strukturen zu betrachten, sondern auch deren Funktionen für den Systembestand von Verwaltungen zu berücksichtigen. So wird gezeigt, dass etwa Dienstwegeregelungen demokratische Prozesse gewährleisten und Verantwortungsdiffusion verhindern, ihre Rechtsorientierung den Verwaltungen Legitimation und Autonomie verschafft und das Personal durch seine Regeleinhaltung funktionierende Verfahren und Objektivität gewährleistet. Diese Spannungsfelder berücksichtigend, wird daher der Vorschlag gemacht, in Reformen nicht nur ihre Optimierungsfunktion zu sehen, sondern sie als Werkzeug für ein besseres Verständnis der vorherrschenden Strukturen zu nutzen. Der Beitrag gibt abschließend Fragen an die Hand, wie man sich diesem Verständnis nähern kann. N2 - The article in the journal GIO deals with the question of the difficulties of digitalization reforms in public administrations. The focus is on administrations as organizations whose formal structures make digitalization reform difficult, since steep hierarchies and official communication channels conflict with network-like project structures, agile working methods run counter to the orientation toward legally legitimized procedures, and staff are not equipped with the necessary competencies. The organization-sensitive focus makes it possible to consider not only the problems of structures, but also their functions for the system’s existence of administrations. It is shown, for example, that official channels guarantee democratic processes and prevent the diffusion of responsibility, that their legal orientation gives administrations legitimacy and autonomy, and that staff ensure functioning procedures and objectivity through their compliance with rules. Taking these tensions into account, it is therefore suggested that reforms should not only be seen in terms of their optimization function, but should be used as a tool for a better understanding of the prevailing structures. The paper concludes by providing questions on how to approach this understanding. KW - Verwaltungsreform KW - Digitalisierung KW - Reformresistenz KW - Organisationen KW - Postbürokratie KW - administrative reform KW - digitalization KW - reform resistance KW - organizations KW - post bureaucracy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11612-023-00681-w SN - 2366-6145 SN - 2366-6218 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 177 EP - 185 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wright, Michelle F. A1 - Harper, Bridgette D. A1 - Wachs, Sebastian T1 - The associations between cyberbullying and callous-unemotional traits among adolescents BT - the moderating effect of online disinhibition JF - Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences N2 - The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential moderating role of online disinhibition in the associations between adolescents' callous-unemotional traits (callousness, uncaring, unemotional) and anonymous and non-anonymous cyberbullying. To this end, 1047 (49.2% female) 7th and 8th graders completed questionnaires on their face-to-face bullying, cyberbullying, callous-unemotional traits, and online disinhibition. The findings revealed that increases in uncaring were more associated with self-reported non-anonymous and anonymous cyberbullying at higher levels of online disinhibition. The findings are discussed in the context of the characteristics associated with callous-unemotional traits, and how these characteristics increase adolescents' risk of cyberbullying perpetration. Recommendations are made for tailoring intervention programs to consider adolescents' personality traits. KW - Cyberbullying KW - Callous-unemotional traits KW - Callousness KW - Uncaring KW - Unemotional KW - Online disinhibition KW - Anonymity Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.001 SN - 0191-8869 VL - 140 SP - 41 EP - 45 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine T1 - Bessere Verwaltung durch Dezentralisierung? Eine ländervergleichende Analyse institutioneller Reformeffekte T2 - Leidenschaft und Augenmaß : sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektiven auf Entwicklung, Verwaltung, Umwelt und Klima : Festschrift für Harald Fuhr Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8487-5249-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845294292-39 SP - 39 EP - 57 PB - Nomos CY - Bade-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reiners, Nina T1 - Opposites Attract? BT - the World Bank and the United Nations Human Rights Bodies T2 - Leidenschaft und Augenmaß : sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektiven auf Entwicklung, Verwaltung, Umwelt und Klima : Festschrift für Harald Fuhr Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8487-5249-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845294292-99 SP - 99 EP - 108 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dieter, Heribert T1 - Germany as a Leading Power BT - a pipe Dream T2 - Leidenschaft und Augenmaß : sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektiven auf Entwicklung, Verwaltung, Umwelt und Klima : Festschrift für Harald Fuhr Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8487-5249-2 SN - 978-3-8452-9429-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845294292-73 SP - 73 EP - 84 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - THES A1 - Muster, Judith T1 - Grenzen des Organiesierbaren BT - Studien zur Praxisrelevanz der Organisationssoziologie N2 - Interessiert man sich für den gesellschaftlichen Einfluss der Organisationssoziologie auf die Praxis des Organisierens, so muss der Befund ernüchtern. Stärker als auf organisationssoziologische Wissensbestände wird in Unternehmen oder Verwaltungen auf aktuelle Managementtrends rekurriert. Man könnte diesen Befund beklagen und als fehlerhafte Rezeption der Praxis beiseitelegen. Alternativ ließe sich aber auch diskutieren, welchen Beitrag die Disziplin selbst zu dieser Rezeption leistet. Mit einer solchen Diskussion begibt man sich fast unweigerlich auf einen schwierigen Pfad. Zum einen kann die Soziologie gerade dann, wenn sie ihren Blick auf die Erforschung von Unternehmen oder Verwaltungen richtet, nicht die von der Praxis erwarteten positiven Antworten liefern. Gerade die Organisationssoziologie begibt sich zum anderen jedoch in direkte Konkurrenz zu Nachbardisziplinen wie die Betriebswirtschaftslehre oder die Organisationspsychologie, die die Rezeptionsfähigkeit ihrer Wissensbestände im Praxisfeld in den letzten Jahren unter Beweis gestellt haben. Die Erwartungen an die Umsetzbarkeit wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse in der Praxis sind dadurch gestiegen. Eine Soziologie, die ihre Erkenntniskraft in der kritischen Distanz sieht, mag das skeptisch stimmen. Es gilt daher, die Frage zu beantworten, wie die Praxisrelevanz einer Wissenschaft des zweiten Blicks auf Organisationen konkret aussehen kann. Diesem Vorhaben widmet sich das vorgelegte Promotionsprojekt. Die in der kumulativen Dissertation versammelten Beiträge verstehen sich allesamt als Erkundungen und Erprobungen der Praxisrelevanz der Organisationssoziologie anhand aktueller Managementfragen in Unternehmen. Die These lautet dabei, dass sich diese Praxisrelevanz nur als Kritik entfalten kann. Eine solche Kritik kann dabei zwei grundsätzliche Formen annehmen: Als Strukturkritik bezieht sie sich auf konkrete Organisationen, deren spezifische Eigenlogiken und strukturelle Verstrickungen. Sie beschreibt dabei für den Einzelfall Funktionen und Folgen von Erwartungsstrukturen, die sich dann z. B. fallvergleichend generalisieren oder typisieren lassen. Organisationssoziologische Strukturkritik kann sich damit sowohl als vergleichender, praxissensibler Forschungsansatz realisieren, als auch die Grundlage einer soziologisch orientierten Beratung bilden. Als Schematakritik richtet sie sich gegen verkürzte Vorstellungen des Organisierens, die sich etwa in Managementmoden finden lassen. Dem Kumulus zugrunde liegen fünf Beiträge, die konkrete Ausprägungen beider Kritikformen ausloten. Der erste Beitrag „Datafizierung und Organisation“ zeigt, wie Schematakritik an Nachbardisziplinen aussehen kann, indem er Organisation als blinden Fleck der Digitalisierungsforschung diskutiert und Anschlussstellen für interdisziplinäre Forschung ausweist. Daher liefert der Beitrag einen systematischen Zugang zu organisationalen Implikationen der Digitalisierung. Neben der Anreicherung der Digitalisierungsforschung kann die entwickelte Argumentation auch für die Praxis Erkenntniskraft haben, indem z. B. problematisiert wird, dass im Managementdiskurs um Digitalisierung überzogene Rationalisierungserwartungen herrschen oder durch digitale Infrastrukturen entstehende Informalitäten systematisch ausgeblendet werden Der zweite Beitrag „Führung als erfolgreiche Einflussnahme in kritischen Momenten“ legt eine Umdeutung des populären Managementbegriffs Führung durch Schematakritik vor. Damit trägt er in mehrfacher Hinsicht zu einer praxisrelevanten Neubestimmung von Führung bei. Für Führungskräfte ermöglicht er beispielsweise die Einsicht, dass sie ihre Führungsaufgaben auf kritische Momente konzentrieren können und postuliert die Abkehr vom heroischen Bild des dauerhaft Führenden. Diese Umdeutung kann auch für Führungskräfte in Organisationen entlastend sein, weist sie doch auf den Zusammenhang zwischen der organisationalen Verfasstheit und Führungschancen hin und eröffnet damit Gestaltungschancen jenseits der Führungskräfte- und Personalentwicklung. Für die Organisationsforschung liefert der Beitrag einen theoretisch integrierten Führungsbegriff, der Führung sowohl organisational als auch situativ bestimmt. Er steht somit exemplarisch für eine organisationssoziologische Schematakritik, die etablierte Managementbegriffe neu deutet. Der dritte Beitrag kritisiert mit dem Konzept der transformationalen Führung eine Managementmode und zeigt auf, wie das darin enthaltene Führungsmodell durch die Bildung moralischer Kategorien Organisationsprobleme auf Organisationsmitglieder (hier: Führungskräfte) verschiebt. Es wird einerseits eine organisationssoziologische Kritik am populären Managementkonzept der transformationalen Führung vorgelegt. Andererseits verdeutlicht der Beitrag anhand systemtheoretischer Konzepte wie elementarer Verhaltensweisen, Moral oder Rollentrennung exemplarisch, dass organisationssoziologisches Denken den Managementdiskurs bereichern kann, indem es Verkürzungen und Simplifizierungen aufdeckt und alternative Analyse- und Gestaltungsansätze bereitstellt. Dafür lässt sich auch im Praxisdiskurs Gehör finden, weil man annehmen darf, dass mit den Heilsversprechen von Kompaktlösungen auch Enttäuschungen einhergehen, für die die Organisationssoziologie Erklärungen liefern kann. Die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Strukturkritik werden in den letzten beiden Beiträgen diskutiert. Das Potenzial von Strukturkritik für die soziologisch orientierte Beratung von Organisationen exploriert der Beitrag „Die schwierige Liaison von Organisationssoziologie und Praxisbezug am Beispiel der Beratung“. Ausgehend vom Theorie-Praxis-Komplex wird eruiert, wie soziologischer Praxisbezug im Feld der Beratung aussehen kann. Dafür systematisiert der Beitrag organisationssoziologische Ansätze von Beratung und zeigt auf, wie ein genuin soziologischer Beratungsansatz aussehen könnte. Der letzte Beitrag stellt Grundzüge einer Methodologie strukturkritischer Forschung vor und illustriert diese an einem durchgeführten Forschungsprojekt zu Managementmoden. Anhand der Forschung in einem Produktionsbetrieb wird gezeigt, wie strukturkritische Forschung konkret aussehen kann. Solch strukturkritische Forschung steht im Forschungsprozess vor drei Herausforderungen: dem qualitativ hochwertigen Feldzugang, der Entwicklung einer für Forschung und Praxis instruktiven Fragestellung und der Rückspiegelung der Ergebnisse in das Feld. Der Beitrag stellt Grundzüge einer Methodologie strukturkritischer Organisationsforschung vor, die sich sachlich, zeitlich und sozial entlang der drei beschriebenen Momente des Feldzugangs, der Ausgangsfragestellung und der Rückspiegelung der Ergebnisse spezifizieren lassen. KW - Organisationssoziologie KW - Führung KW - Digitalisierung KW - Beratung KW - Postbürokratie KW - Praxisrelevanz KW - Theorie-Praxis-Problem Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - THES A1 - Muster, Judith T1 - Grenzen des Organisierbaren BT - Studien zur Praxisrelevanz der Organisationssoziologie Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dosdall, Henrik A1 - Löckmann, Teresa T1 - Exploring terrorism prevention BT - an organizational perspective on police investigations JF - Journal of organizational sociology N2 - The article analyzes the investigations conducted by the Berlin police into the subsequent perpetrator of the vehicle-ramming attack at a Berlin Christmas market on December 19, 2016. We explore why the police closed these investigations prematurely and thereby focus on an attempt to prevent lone actor terrorism. The analysis shows that the police closed its investigations owing to organizational dynamics driven by an increasing need to justify further resource investments in the face of absent conclusive evidence and scarce resources in relation to the organizational case ecology. We propose hypotheses for future research and formulate three contributions to existing research on the sociology of police, terrorism prevention, and lone actor research. KW - Berlin Christmas market attack KW - case ecologies KW - investigative routines KW - lone actors KW - police Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/joso-2022-0002 SN - 2752-2997 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 47 EP - 72 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dosdall, Henrik T1 - Wie algorithmische Technologien wirksam werden T2 - VERSUS : Magazin für kritische Organisationspraxis N2 - Im Digitalisierungsdiskurs dominiert die Vorstellung, algorithmische Technologien änderten Organisationen fundamental. Demgegenüber argumentiert der Artikel, dass die Wirkmächtigkeit algorithmischer Technologien davon abhängt, wie Organisationen sie in ihre Entscheidungs­architektur einbinden. KW - Digitalisierung Y1 - 2022 UR - https://versus-online-magazine.com/de/artikel/wirksamkeit-algorithmischer-technologien/ PB - Metaplan® – Gesellschaft für Planung und Organisation mbH CY - Quickborn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Naumann, Elias T1 - Does contact with foreigners reduce worries about immigration? BT - a longitudinal analysis in Germany JF - European sociological review N2 - This article examines how contact with perceived foreigners affects natives' attitudes towards immigration. Using six waves of individual level panel data from Germany (2007-2017), we find that natives' reported mutual visits with foreigners reduce worries about immigration. However, the results do not imply an increase in this effect in the course of repeated contact. Our analyses also consider the possibility that the effect of out-group contact on attitudes is heterogeneous across social groups. Our results show that contact effects are not restricted to younger age groups but also hold for older age groups. Surprisingly, there are stronger reductions in worries among right-leaning compared to left-leaning individuals. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcab039 SN - 0266-7215 SN - 1468-2672 VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 189 EP - 201 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bobzien, Licia T1 - Income inequality and political trust BT - do fairness perceptions matter? JF - Social indicators research N2 - Political trust—in terms of trust in political institutions—is an important precondition for the functioning and stability of democracy. One widely studied determinant of political trust is income inequality. While the empirical finding that societies with lower levels of income inequality have higher levels of trust is well established, the exact ways in which income inequality affects political trust remain unclear. Past research has shown that individuals oftentimes have biased perceptions of inequality. Considering potentially biased inequality perceptions, I argue that individuals compare their perceptions of inequality to their preference for inequality. If they identify a gap between what they perceive and what they prefer (= fairness gap), they consider their attitudes towards inequality unrepresented. This, in turn, reduces trust in political institutions. Using three waves of the ESS and the ISSP in a cross-country perspective, I find that (1) perceiving a larger fairness gap is associated with lower levels of political trust; (2) the fairness gap mediates the link between actual inequality and political trust; and (3) disaggregating the fairness gap measure, political trust is more strongly linked to variation in inequality perceptions than to variation in inequality preferences. This indicates that inequality perceptions are an important factor shaping trust into political institutions. KW - political trust KW - inequality KW - perceptions of inequality KW - fairness Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03168-9 SN - 0303-8300 SN - 1573-0921 VL - 169 IS - 1-2 SP - 505 EP - 528 PB - Springer Nature B.V. CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Jansen, Till A1 - Vogd, Werner T1 - Kontexturanalyse BT - Theorie und Methode einer systemischen Sozialforschung N2 - In den letzten 20 Jahren hat sich in der qualitativen und rekonstruktiven Sozialforschung vermehrt die Frage gestellt, wie sich polyphone, polykontexturale und in ihren Sinnbezügen mehrdeutige Verhältnisse erforschen lassen. In diesem Buch wird ein Zugang vorgestellt, der von Mehrdeutigkeiten ausgehend Systemdynamiken rekonstruiert. Die theoretischen und methodischen Überlegungen werden anhand von Beispielen aus der Organisations- und Managementforschung sowie der Erforschung der Selbst- und Weltverhältnisse religiöser Akteure vorgeführt. KW - Systemtheorie KW - dokumentarische Methode KW - Rahmenanalyse KW - Polykontexturalität KW - rekonstruktive Sozialforschung KW - qualitative Methoden KW - Wissenssoziologie Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-658-35771-9 SN - 978-3-658-35772-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35772-6 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Dosdall, Henrik T1 - Die NSU-Ermittlungen 1998-2011 BT - eine organisationssoziologische Perspektive N2 - Das Buch analysiert die sicherheitsbehördlichen Ermittlungen zu der rechten Terrorgruppe „Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund“ aus einer Routine- und Lernperspektive. Im Fokus stehen die Ermittlungen der thüringischen Sicherheitsbehörden ab 1998 sowie die bundesweiten polizeilichen Ermittlungen ab 2000. Die Analyse zeigt, dass es jeweils organisationale Faktoren waren, die den Misserfolg der Ermittlungen begünstigten: die sicherheitsbehördlichen Ermittlungsroutinen wurden durch Aufmerksamkeitsverschiebungen unsystematisch, durch mikropolitische Konflikte beeinträchtigt und durch vergangene Erfahrungen limitiert, die zu enge Prämissen für gegenwärtige Ermittlungen setzten. Insgesamt verdeutlicht die Studie, dass eine organisationssoziologische Perspektive auf die Ermittlungen einen entscheidenden Beitrag zum Verständnis des NSU-Komplexes bietet. - der Ermittlungsfall NSU erstmal organisationssoziologisch analysisiert - Untersuchung von Führungsfragen und Polizeikultur - theoretischer innovativer Ansatz in der Polizeiforschung KW - Ermittlungen KW - Polizei KW - Suchheuristiken KW - NSU-Komplex KW - Routinen KW - policing Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-658-31526-9 SN - 978-3-658-31527-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31527-6 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Liedl, Bernd T1 - Who belongs to the middle income class in Europe? BT - the role of gender-specific occupational characteristics in multi-level analyses for 17 European countries JF - International journal of sociology N2 - For many years scholars and politicians discuss the economic importance of the middle income class. Our article contributes to broaden the present state of research by not only examining the structure of the middle class whilst focusing on individual attributes, but by especially taking the role of gender-specific occupational characteristics and country-specific conditions into account. Based on the EU-SILC data 2020 for 17 countries, we analyze which factors affect the structure of the middle income class on the individual, on the occupational and country level. Our findings show that occupational attributes (e.g. part-time rate) prove to be highly relevant in this realm. Moreover, significant gender differences can be observed: women who work in an occupation which is mainly performed by women bear a higher risk of belonging to the lower income class as compared to men. KW - multi-level analysis;structure of the middle income class KW - gender-specific occupational KW - characteristics KW - social stratification KW - European comparison Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2151765 SN - 0020-7659 SN - 1557-9336 VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 59 EP - 82 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Berger, Christian A1 - Mader, Katharina T1 - Care work 4.0 BT - die Transformation von bezahlter Sorgearbeit in Zeiten von Digitalisierung und Corona N2 - Care-Berufe verändern sich durch demographische, technologische und wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen. Zuletzt erhöhen auch gesundheitspolitische Herausforderungen und die COVID-19 Maßnahmenpolitik den Druck auf das Sozial- und Gesundheitssystem. Dadurch befindet sich die bezahlte Care-Arbeit im berufsstrukturellen Wandel, d. h. es entstehen neue Bedingungen für und Anforderungen an diese Tätigkeiten, die in Österreich mehrheitlich von Frauen ausgeübt werden. KW - care work KW - digitalization KW - gender KW - social inequality Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/jzxt4 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hodges, Ron A1 - Caperchione, Eugenio A1 - van Helden, Jan A1 - Reichard, Christoph A1 - Sorrentino, Daniela T1 - The role of scientific expertise in COVID-19 policy-making BT - evidence from four european countries JF - Public organization review N2 - Immense uncertainty and the need for drastic interventions cause politicians to rely heavily on scientific advice for underpinning or legitimating their COVID-19 decision-making. This paper explores the role of scientific advice in this policy field in Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK. It shows that scientific advice is based on the disciplinary, mainly medical, backgrounds of advisors but is also influenced by social and economic values, which are core to what politicians find important. During the pandemic a growing gap between scientific advice and political decisions is observed. KW - COVID-19 policy making KW - Scientific advice KW - Political logics KW - Scientific KW - logics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-022-00614-z SN - 1566-7170 SN - 1573-7098 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 249 EP - 267 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Max Oliver T1 - Kirchenasyl als Solidarisierung BT - umkämpftes soziales Gut JF - Pax Zeit : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Sektion von Pax Christi Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.paxchristi.de/file/download/AMIfv952MjWMWXF-eVYzdtrIjuo8hyDLrWsf5NBFQUsAQw3zfj810BcAFgK2by2QzIVlFyqpsGHeZgNuUZCcIWE38BZNJZcARf3aHRxCzVwJHx8fpKChqCsuTh85-vPie_7LkDR8bJ0Fj9esgQYS7uwlyuja-WmR4sBlc5d478j-3PVLAybx17jAuROPcPta3t1E4OSHeV6YpNlWYSNhTZaUJdIDeqZrXCEPNVDDtq9Kt55SUxPceAkUx9u2zwYvM9NUwqd1tWp0wtu-rzv2nm6TpR55u9wghouR583U4pTPoB3M9k_ayBM/pax_zeit%201_2020.pdf IS - 1 SP - 16 EP - 17 PB - Pax Christi-Bewegung, Dt. Sektion CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Post, Julia C. T1 - Pulp Science? BT - zur Berichterstattung über Meinungsforschung in den Massenmedien JF - Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik : GWP : Sozialwissenschaften für politische Bildung Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/gwp.v72i4.09 SN - 2196-1654 SN - 1619-6910 VL - 72 IS - 4 SP - 475 EP - 483 PB - Budrich CY - Leverkusen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lim, Misun A1 - Samper Mejia, Cristina T1 - Race and cohort differences in family status in the United States JF - Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world N2 - In this visualization, the authors show changes in family patterns by different race groups across two cohorts. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (born from 1957 to 1965) and 1997 (born from 1980 to 1984), the authors visualize the relationship-parenthood state distributions at each age between 15 and 35 years by race and cohort. The results suggest the rise of cohabiting mothers and the decline of married and divorced mothers among women born from 1980 to 1984. Black women born from 1980 to 1984 were more likely to experience single/childless and single/parent status compared with Black women born from 1957 to 1965. Although with some visible postponement in the recent cohort, white women in both cohorts were more likely to experience married/parent status than other race groups. The decline in married/parent status across the two generations was sharpest among Hispanic women. These descriptive findings highlight the importance of identifying race when discussing changes in family formation and dissolution trends across generations. KW - family KW - race KW - cohort KW - demography KW - data visualization Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231241241041 SN - 2378-0231 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Sage Publications CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wetzel, Johanna M. A1 - Reed, Kate A1 - Schenck, Marcia C. T1 - "Writing with my professors” BT - contesting the boundaries of the field in the Global History Dialogues Project T2 - Writing Together: Kollaboratives Schreiben mit Personen aus dem Feld N2 - Kollaboratives Forschen quer zu hegemonialen Wissensordnungen gilt als wichtiger Baustein dekolonialer Wissenspraxis. Gemeinsame Schreibprozesse von Wissenschaftler*innen und ihren nicht-wissenschaftlichen Forschungspartner*innen sind allerdings selten und eine methodologische und forschungspraktische Reflexion fehlt. Die Beiträger*innen widmen sich diesen Lücken, indem sie erfolgreiche, aber auch gescheiterte Projekte kollaborativer Textproduktion zwischen Universität und Feld vorstellen und auf ihr Potenzial als transformative und dekoloniale Wissenspraxis befragen. So entsteht eine praktische Orientierungshilfe, die gleichzeitig die interdisziplinäre Diskussion anregt. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8394-6399-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839463994-002 VL - 45 SP - 31 EP - 53 PB - Transcript Verlag CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmidt, Max Oliver ED - Armbruster, André ED - Besio, Cristina T1 - Moralische Entscheidungsdilemmata im Militär BT - die Marine zwischen Seenotrettung und Grenzschutzauftrag T2 - Organisierte Moral N2 - Militär und Moral sind scheinbar zwei sich gegenseitig ausschließende Begriffe. Kriegerische Konflikte und die Tötung von Menschen kommen uns gänzlich unmoralisch vor. Wenn überhaupt, ist die Kampfmoral (Biehl, Heiko. 2012. Einsatzmotivation und Kampfmoral. In Militärsoziologie – Eine Einführung. 2., aktualisierte und ergänzte Aufl., Hrsg. Nina Leonhard und Ines-Jacqueline Werkner, 447–474. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.) ein gängiges Konzept. Nichtsdestotrotz wird im vorliegenden Beitrag angenommen, dass das Militär moralisch handeln kann. Es wird argumentiert, dass das Militär mit widersprüchlichen moralischen und rechtlichen Erwartungshaltungen konfrontiert wird und diese Erwartungen in Entscheidungen übersetzt. Dadurch gerät das Militär jedoch stetig in moralische Entscheidungsdilemmata. Am Beispiel der Seenotrettung im Mittelmeer zwischen 2015 und 2018 soll exemplarisch gezeigt werden, dass das Militär sowohl eine Situationsmoral und moralische Routinen entwickelt als auch Vermeidungsstrategien verfolgt, die jegliche Moralerwartungen von der Organisation fernhalten. Der Beitrag arbeitet hierbei mit einem Moralbegriff philosophischer Provenienz und zeigt verschiedene analytische Dimensionen auf, die zur Analyse von Moral von Organisationen beitragen können. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-658-31554-2 SN - 978-3-658-31555-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31555-9_14 SP - 333 EP - 366 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühler, Jakob A1 - Drathschmidt, Nicolas A1 - Großmann, Daniela T1 - ‘Modern talking’ BT - narratives of agile by German public sector employees JF - Information polity N2 - Despite growing interest, we lack a clear understanding of how the arguably ambiguous phenomenon of agile is perceived in government practice. This study aims to alleviate this puzzle by investigating how managers and employees in German public sector organisations make sense of agile as a spreading management fashion in the form of narratives. This is important because narratives function as innovation carriers that ultimately influence the manifestations of the concept in organisations. Based on a multi-case study of 31 interviews and 24 responses to a qualitative online survey conducted in 2021 and 2022, we provide insights into what public sector managers, employees and consultants understand (and, more importantly, do not understand) as agile and how they weave it into their existing reality of bureaucratic organisations. We uncover three meta-narratives of agile government, which we label ‘renew’, ‘complement’ and ‘integrate’. In particular, the meta-narratives differ in their positioning of how agile interacts with the characteristics of bureaucratic organisations. Importantly, we also show that agile as a management fad serves as a projection surface for what actors want from a modern and digital organisation. Thus, the vocabulary of agile government within the narratives is inherently linked to other diffusing phenomena such as new work or digitalisation. KW - agile government KW - agility KW - narratives KW - public administration KW - public sector organizations KW - fashion KW - digital transformation KW - interpretative research Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-230059 SN - 1570-1255 SN - 1875-8754 VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 199 EP - 216 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Angenendt, Steffen A1 - Koch, Anne A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Predicting irregular migration BT - SWP research paper T2 - high hopes, meagre results N2 - German and European migration policy operates in permanent crisis mode. Sudden increases in irregular immigration create a sense of loss of control, which is instrumentalised by populist forces. This has generated great interest in quantitative migration predictions. High expectations are placed in the AI-based tools currently under devel­op­ment for forecasting irregular migration. The potential applications of these tools are manifold. They range from managing and strengthening the EU's reception capacity and border protections to configuring humanitarian aid provision and longer-term planning of development programmes. There is a significant gap between the expectations placed in the new instruments and their practical utility. Technical limits exist, medium-term forecasts are methodologically implausible, and channels for feeding the results into political decision-making processes are lacking. The great demand for predictions is driven by the political functions of migration prediction, which include its uses in political communication, funding acquisition and legitimisation of political decisions. Investment in the quality of the underlying data will be more productive than developing a succession of new prediction tools. Funding for applications in emergency relief and development cooperation should be prioritised. Crisis early warning and risk analysis should also be strengthened and their networking improved. KW - Migration KW - Migrationspolitik KW - Wanderungsprognosen KW - Vorhersage KW - Vorausschau KW - displacement forecasting KW - Krisenfrüherkennung KW - Risikoanalyse KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - maschinelles Lernen KW - Agentenbasierte Modellierung KW - predicting irregular migration KW - forecast KW - quantitative migration prediction KW - UNHCR KW - IOM KW - Frontex Risk Analysis Network (FRAN) KW - Common Integrated Risk Analysis Model (CIRAM) KW - Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) KW - Frontex KW - Pact on Migration and Asylum Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18449/2023RP11 SN - 2747-5123 SN - 1863-1053 VL - 11 PB - Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) CY - Berlin ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Herlo, Bianca A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Vladova, Gergana T1 - Sustainable digital sovereignty BT - interdependencies between sustainable digitalization and digital sovereignty T2 - Weizenbaum series N2 - This study is dedicated to the interdependencies between digital sovereignty and sustainable digitalization, which need to be explicitly linked to an increasing degree in political discourse, academia, and societal debates. Digital skills are the prerequisites for shaping digitalization in the interest of society and sustainable development. KW - digital sovereignty Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.34669/WI.WS/32 SN - 2748-5587 VL - 32 PB - Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society - the German Internet Institute CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seewann, Lena A1 - Verwiebe, Roland T1 - How do people interpret the value concept? BT - development and evaluation of the value conceptualisation scale using a mixed method approach JF - Journal of beliefs and values N2 - Value research has a long and extensive history of theoretical definitions and empirical investigations using large scale quantitative surveys. However, the way the general population understands, defines, and relates to the concept of values, and how these views vary across individuals is seldom addressed. The present study examined subjective interpretations of the term through focus group interviews, and reports on the development of a Value Conceptualisation Scale (VCS) that distinguishes six dimensions of different views on values: normativity, relevance, validity, stability, consistency, and awareness. Focus group interviews (n = 38) as well as several surveys (n = 100, n = 1519, n = 903, n = 94) were used to develop, refine, and test the scale in terms of response variety, temporal stability, as well as convergent and discriminant validity. These systematic results show that views on values do indeed vary significantly between participants. Correlations with dogmatism, preference for consistency, and metacognition were found for corresponding dimensions. The VCS provides an original measure, which enables future research to explore this variation on the conceptualisation of values. KW - Human values KW - scale development KW - mixed methods KW - focus group Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2019.1707748 SN - 1469-9362 SN - 1361-7672 VL - 41 IS - 6 SP - 419 EP - 432 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graeber, Daniel A1 - Kritikos, Alexander A1 - Seebauer, Johannes T1 - COVID-19 BT - a crisis of the female self-employed JF - Journal of population economics N2 - We investigate how the economic consequences of the pandemic and the government-mandated measures to contain its spread affect the self-employed — particularly women — in Germany. For our analysis, we use representative, real-time survey data in which respondents were asked about their situation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings indicate that among the self-employed, who generally face a higher likelihood of income losses due to COVID-19 than employees, women are about one-third more likely to experience income losses than their male counterparts. We do not find a comparable gender gap among employees. Our results further suggest that the gender gap among the self-employed is largely explained by the fact that women disproportionately work in industries that are more severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis of potential mechanisms reveals that women are significantly more likely to be impacted by government-imposed restrictions, e.g., the regulation of opening hours. We conclude that future policy measures intending to mitigate the consequences of such shocks should account for this considerable variation in economic hardship. KW - self-employed KW - COVID-19 KW - income KW - gender KW - representative real-time survey data KW - decomposition methods Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-021-00849-y SN - 0933-1433 SN - 1432-1475 VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 1141 EP - 1187 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Forster, Timon A1 - Heinzel, Mirko Noa T1 - Reacting, fast and slow BT - how world leaders shaped government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic JF - Journal of European public policy N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic created extraordinary challenges for governments to safeguard the well-being of their people. To what extent has leaders' reliance on scientific advice shaped government responses to the COVID-19 outbreak? We argue that leaders who tend to orient themselves on expert advice realized the extent of the crisis earlier. Consequently, these governments would adopt containment measures relatively quickly, despite the high uncertainty they faced. Over time, differences in government responses based on the use of science would dissipate due to herding effects. We test our argument on data combining 163 government responses to the pandemic with national- and individual-level characteristics. Consistent with our argument, we find that countries governed by politicians with a stronger technocratic mentality, approximated by holding a PhD, adopted restrictive containment measures faster in the early, but not in the later, stages of the crisis. This importance of expert-based leadership plausibly extends to other large-scale societal crises. KW - crisis KW - leadership KW - expertise KW - COVID-19 KW - policy-making KW - public health Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2021.1942157 SN - 1350-1763 SN - 1466-4429 VL - 28 IS - 8 SP - 1299 EP - 1320 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C. A1 - Haslanger, Sally A1 - Kroeger, Odin T1 - Analyzing social wrongs JF - Journal of social philosophy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12505 SN - 0047-2786 SN - 1467-9833 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 448 EP - 453 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Hänel, Hilkje Charlotte T1 - Wer hat Angst vorm Feminismus BT - Warum Frauen, die nichts fordern, nichts bekommen N2 - Feminismus - das ist nicht nur für Männer, sondern auch für einige Frauen immer noch ein bedrohliches Wort, selbst oder gerade in Zeiten von #MeToo. Liegt das daran, dass viele gar nicht wissen, was Feminismus ist und worauf er hinarbeitet? Gibt es den einen Feminismus? Was hat Feminismus eigentlich mit Sexismus zu tun? Und was mit unseren Beziehungen? Offener Frauenhass ist in unserer Gesellschaft mittlerweile weitgehend geächtet. Aber auch nach über fünfzehn Jahren mit einer Frau an der Regierungsspitze sind wir noch längst nicht in der Gleichberechtigung angekommen. Im Gegenteil: Weiterhin strukturiert Sexismus geschlechtsspezifische Alltagserfahrungen, bis hinein in unsere Intimbeziehungen, wo die Grenzen zwischen Lust und sexueller Gewalt schnell verschwimmen. Die Philosophin und Schriftstellerin Hilkje Hänel deckt die Mechanismen sexueller Objektifizierung und männlichen Anspruchsdenkens auf. Sie zeigt, wie Frauen oft in die sexistischen Alltagsstrukturen verstrickt sind, an denen auch viele Männer leiden. Ihr zugängliches Buch ist das Plädoyer für einen Feminismus, von dem alle etwas haben - und vor dem niemand Angst haben muss. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-406-74181-4 SN - 978-3-406-77078-4 SN - 978-3-406-77077-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406770784 PB - Beck CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarzenthal, Miriam A1 - Juang, Linda P. A1 - Moffitt, Ursula A1 - Schachner, Maja K. T1 - Critical consciousness socialization at school BT - classroom climate, perceived societal islamophobia, and critical action among adolescents JF - Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence N2 - Schools are key contexts for the development of adolescents' critical consciousness. We explored how three dimensions of the classroom cultural diversity climate (critical consciousness, color-evasion, and multiculturalism) related to adolescents' critical reflection (i.e., perceived societal Islamophobia) and intended critical action (i.e., political activism). Our sample included adolescents experiencing high (second generation, Muslim, N = 237) versus low (non-immigrant descent, non-Muslim, N = 478) stigmatization in Germany. Multilevel analyses revealed that for both groups a critical consciousness climate, but not a color-evasive or a multicultural climate, was positively associated with perceived societal Islamophobia and intended critical action. Thus, to promote adolescents' critical consciousness, schools should go beyond emphasizing a common humanity and celebrating cultural diversity and include explicit discussions of social inequity. KW - critical consciousness KW - classroom cultural diversity climate KW - Islamophobia KW - adolescents Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12713 SN - 1050-8392 SN - 1532-7795 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 1452 EP - 1469 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marienfeldt, Justine T1 - Does digital government hollow out the essence of street‐level bureaucracy? BT - a systematic literature review of how digital tools’ foster curtailment, enablement and continuation of street‐level decision‐making JF - Social policy & administration N2 - The growing use of digital tools in policy implementation has altered the work of street-level bureaucrats who are granted substantial discretionary power in decision-making. Digital tools can constrain discretionary power, like the curtailment thesis proposed, or serve as action resources, like the enablement thesis suggested. This article assesses empirical evidence of the impact of digital tools on street-level work and decision-making in service-oriented and regulation-oriented organisations based on a systematic literature review and thematic qualitative content analysis of 36 empirical studies published until 2021. The findings demonstrate different effects with regard to the role of digital tools and the core tasks of the public administration, depending on political and managerial goals and consequent system design. Leading or decisive digital tools mostly curtail discretion, especially in service-oriented organisations. In contrast, an enhanced information base or recommendations for actions enable decision-making, in particular in regulation-oriented organisations. By showing how street-level bureaucrats actively try to resist the curtailing effects caused by rigid design to address individual circumstances, for instance by establishing ways of coping like rule bending or rule breaking, using personal resources or prioritising among clients, this study demonstrates the importance of the continuation thesis and the persistently crucial role of human judgement in policy implementation. KW - continuation thesis KW - curtailment thesis KW - discretion KW - enablement thesis KW - street-level bureaucracy Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12991 SN - 0144-5596 SN - 1467-9515 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C. T1 - Potentially disabled? JF - Inquiry N2 - Ten years ago, I was diagnosed with a rare illness called Myasthenia Gravis. Myasthenia Gravis is a long-term neuromuscular autoimmune disease where antibodies block or destroy specific receptors at the junction between nerve and muscle; hence, nerve impulses fail to trigger muscle contractions. The disease leads to varying degrees of muscle weakness. Currently, I have only minor symptoms, I am not seriously impaired, and I do not suffer from any social disadvantage because of my illness. Yet, my life and my body since my diagnosis feel different than before. In this paper I aim to make this feeling intelligible and propose that it is a state of what I call ‘latent impairment’. Latent impairment is a state of being ‘in between’, different from being actually impaired and also different from being abled-bodied. The theory takes its cues both from social constructionist theories of disability as well as theories of (chronic) illness and their focus on the importance of subjectivity. Furthermore, I suggest that a phenomenological understanding of latent impairment can show possible ways of becoming an ally to the DRM. KW - disability KW - chronic illness KW - latent impairment KW - social construction Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2022.2136753 SN - 0020-174X SN - 1502-3923 SP - 1 EP - 26 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Angenendt, Steffen A1 - Koch, Anne A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Die Prognose ungeregelter Wanderungen BT - große Erwartungen, begrenzter Nutzen T2 - SWP-Studie N2 - Die deutsche und europäische Migrationspolitik befindet sich im permanenten Krisenmodus. Plötzliche Anstiege ungeregelter Zuwanderung nähren ein Gefühl von Kontrollverlust, das wiederum von populistischen Kräften instrumentalisiert wird. Daher hat die Politik großes Interesse an quantitativen Migrationsprognosen. Besondere Erwartungen wecken KI-gestützte Instrumente zur Vorhersage ungeregelter Wanderungsbewegungen, wie sie zurzeit entwickelt werden. Die Anwendungsfelder dieser Instrumente sind vielfältig. Sie reichen von einer Stärkung der Aufnahmekapazitäten in der EU über die präventive Verschärfung von Grenzschutzmaßnahmen und eine bedarfsgerechte Bereitstellung von Ressourcen in humanitären Krisen bis zur längerfristigen entwicklungspolitischen Programmplanung. Allerdings besteht eine deutliche Kluft zwischen den Erwartungen an die neuen Instrumente und ihrem praktischen Mehrwert. Zum einen sind die technischen Möglichkeiten begrenzt, und mittelfristige Vorhersagen zu ungeregelten Wanderungen sind methodisch kaum möglich. Zum anderen mangelt es an Verfahren, um die Ergebnisse in politische Entscheidungsprozesse einfließen zu lassen. Die hohe Nachfrage nach Prognosen erklärt sich aus den politischen Funktionen quantitativer Migrationsvorhersage - beispielsweise ihrem Potential für die politische Kommunikation, die Mitteleinwerbung und die Legitimierung politischer Entscheidungen. Investitionen in die Qualität der den Prognosen zugrunde liegenden Daten sind sinnvoller als die Entwicklung immer neuer Instrumente. Bei der Mittelvergabe für Prognosen sollten Anwendungen in der Nothilfe und der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit priorisiert werden. Zudem sollten die Krisenfrüherkennung und die Risikoanalyse gestärkt werden, und die beteiligten Akteure sollten sich besser vernetzen. KW - Migration KW - Migrationspolitik KW - Wanderungsprognosen KW - Vorhersage KW - Vorausschau KW - Displacement Forecasting KW - Krisenfrüherkennung KW - Risikoanalyse KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - maschinelles Lernen KW - Agentenbasierte Modellierung Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18449/2023S10 SN - 2747-5115 SN - 1611-6372 VL - 10 PB - Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolf, Hannah ED - Genz, Carolin ED - Schnur, Olaf ED - Aring, Jürgen T1 - Zuhause T2 - WohnWissen : 100 Begriffe des Wohnens Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-98612-038-2 SN - 978-3-98612-041-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783986120412 SP - 240 EP - 241 PB - Jovis CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tjaden, Jasper ED - Zapata-Barrero, Ricard ED - Vintila, Daniela T1 - Social media data and migration research T2 - How to do migration research : how to research guides N2 - In 2022, there were 4.62 billion social media users worldwide. Social media generates a wealth of data which migration scholars have recently started to explore in pursuit of a variety of methodological and thematic research questions. Scholars use social media data to estimate migration stocks, forecast migration flows, or recruit migrants for targeted online surveys. Social media has also been used to understand how migrants get information about their planned journeys and destination countries, how they organize and mobilize online, how migration issues are politicized online, and how migrants integrate culturally into destination countries by sharing common interests. While social media data drives innovative research, it also poses severe challenges regarding data privacy, data protection, and methodological questions relating to external validity. In this chapter, I briefly introduce various strands of migration research using social media data and discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and opportunities. KW - social media KW - big data KW - digital KW - migration KW - Facebook KW - mobility Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781035306855 SN - 9781035306848 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035306855.00023 SP - 116 EP - 124 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Birgit T1 - Rendering visible the climate: Humboldt's 1817 climate zone map JF - MLN Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1353/mln.2022.0038 SN - 0026-7910 SN - 1080-6598 VL - 137 IS - 3 SP - 545 EP - 565 PB - Johns Hopkins Univ. Press CY - Baltimore, Md. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Arntz, Fabian A1 - Kriemler, Susi A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - An update on secular trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents from 1972 to 2015 BT - a systematic review JF - Sports medicine N2 - Background There is evidence that physical fitness of children and adolescents (particularly cardiorespiratory endurance) has declined globally over the past decades. Ever since the first reports on negative trends in physical fitness, efforts have been undertaken by for instance the World Health Organization (WHO) to promote physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents. Therefore, it is timely to re-analyze the literature to examine whether previous reports on secular declines in physical fitness are still detectable or whether they need to be updated. Objectives The objective of this systematic review is to provide an 'update' on secular trends in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory endurance, relative muscle strength, proxies of muscle power, speed) in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Data Sources A systematic computerized literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science to locate studies that explicitly reported secular trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents. Study Eligibility Criteria Studies were included in this systematic review if they examined secular trends between at least two time points across a minimum of 5 years. In addition, they had to document secular trends in any measure of cardiorespiratory endurance, relative muscle strength, proxies of muscle power or speed in apparently healthy children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods The included studies were coded for the following criteria: nation, physical fitness component (cardiorespiratory endurance, relative muscle strength, proxies of muscle power, speed), chronological age, sex (boys vs. girls), and year of assessment. Scores were standardized (i.e., converted to z scores) with sample-weighted means and standard deviations, pooled across sex and year of assessment within cells defined by study, test, and children's age. Results The original search identified 524 hits. In the end, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria for review. The observation period was between 1972 and 2015. Fifteen of the 22 studies used tests for cardiorespiratory endurance, eight for relative muscle strength, eleven for proxies of muscle power, and eight for speed. Measures of cardiorespiratory endurance exhibited a large initial increase and an equally large subsequent decrease, but the decrease appears to have reached a floor for all children between 2010 and 2015. Measures of relative muscle strength showed a general trend towards a small increase. Measures of proxies of muscle power indicated an overall small negative quadratic trend. For measures of speed, a small-to-medium increase was observed in recent years. Limitations Biological maturity was not considered in the analysis because biological maturity was not reported in most included studies. Conclusions Negative secular trends were particularly found for cardiorespiratory endurance between 1986 and 2010-12, irrespective of sex. Relative muscle strength and speed showed small increases while proxies of muscle power declined. Although the negative trend in cardiorespiratory endurance appears to have reached a floor in recent years, because of its association with markers of health, we recommend further initiatives in PA and fitness promotion for children and adolescents. More specifically, public health efforts should focus on exercise that increases cardiorespiratory endurance to prevent adverse health effects (i.e.
, overweight and obesity) and muscle strength to lay a foundation for motor skill learning. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01373-x SN - 0112-1642 SN - 1179-2035 VL - 51 IS - 2 SP - 303 EP - 320 PB - Springer CY - Northcote ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giannetti, Daniela A1 - Umansky, Karen A1 - Sened, Itai T1 - The entry of the M5S and the reshaping of party politics in Italy (2008–2018) JF - Government & opposition N2 - This article examines how challenger parties enter the political arena and the effect of this entry by looking at the Italian 5 Star Movement (Movimento 5 Stelle – M5S). We explain the M5S's entry strategy in 2013 using the spatial approach to party competition and employing expert survey data collected for each national election between 2008 and 2018. These data allow us to analyse the changing spatial configuration of Italian politics due to the increasing salience of pro/anti-EU and pro/anti-immigration dimensions. We then apply the theoretical notion of the uncovered set (UCS) to trace how the M5S's entry reshaped the overall space of party competition, causing a realignment of existing parties. This work contributes to the ongoing debate on the electoral success of challenger parties and the emerging cleavages and polarization of party systems in Western European countries. KW - populist parties KW - issue salience KW - uncovered set KW - 5 star movement KW - Italy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2022.38 SN - 0017-257X SN - 1477-7053 VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 464 EP - 481 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teich, Paula A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Physical fitness of primary school children differs depending on their timing of school enrollment JF - Scientific reports N2 - Previous research has shown that children who were enrolled to school according to the legal key date (i.e., keyage children, between eight and nine years in third grade) exhibited a linear physical fitness development in the ninth year of life. In contrast, children who were enrolled with a delay (i.e., older-than-keyage children [OTK], between nine and ten years in third grade) exhibited a lower physical fitness compared to what would be expected for their age. In these studies, cross-sectional age differences within third grade and timing of school enrollment were confounded. The present study investigated the longitudinal development of keyage and OTK children from third to fifth grade. This design also afforded a comparison of the two groups at the same average chronological age, that is a dissociation of the effects of timing of school enrollment and age. We tested six physical fitness components: cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed, power of lower and upper limbs, and static balance. 1502 children (i.e., 1206 keyage and 296 OTK children) from 35 schools were tested in third, fourth, and fifth grade. Except for cardiorespiratory endurance, both groups developed from third to fourth and from fourth to fifth grade and keyage children outperformed OTK children at the average ages of 9.5 or 10.5 years. For cardiorespiratory endurance, there was no significant gain from fourth to fifth grade and keyage and OTK children did not differ significantly at 10.5 years of age. One reason for a delayed school enrollment could be that a child is (or is perceived as) biologically younger than their chronological age at the school entry examination, implying a negative correlation between chronological and biological age for OTK children. Indeed, a simple reflection of chronological age brought the developmental rate of the chronologically youngest OTK children in line with the developmental rate observed for keyage children, but did not eliminate all differences. The mapping of chronological and biological age of OTK children and other possible reasons for lower physical fitness of OTK children remain a task for future research. KW - Health care KW - Paediatrics KW - Physiology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35727-y SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Büchner, Stefanie A1 - Dosdall, Henrik T1 - Organisation und digitale Technologien BT - Predictive Policing im organisationalen Kontext JF - Soziale Systeme N2 - Die Mehrheit aktueller Studien schätzt das Transformationspotenzial digitaler Technologien für Organisationen hoch ein. In Auseinandersetzung mit dieser Einschätzung entwickelt der Artikel eine konzeptionelle organisationssoziologische Perspektive auf das Verhältnis von Organisation und digitalen Technologien. Wir nutzen diese Perspektive, um den Fall des Predictive Policing in Deutschland zu betrachten und die Entscheidung zur Adaption der Technologie, ihre organisationale Situierung sowie die Rolle des Organisationstyps zu diskutieren. Unsere Perspektive führt zu einem zurückhaltenden Urteil über das Transformationspotenzial dieser digitalen Technologie, die wir daher als Reform unter anderen Reformen begreifen. Insgesamt argumentieren wir dafür, Digitalisierung stärker als bisher als heterogenen Prozess zu verstehen. N2 - Most current studies consider the transformation potential of digital technologies to be high. Taking issue with this evaluation, we develop a conceptual perspective rooted in the sociology of organizations on the relation between organizations and digital technologies. Subsequently, we use this perspective to analyze predictive policing in Germany. We examine the decision to adapt predictive policing, the organizational embedding of the technology and the role of police as a distinct organization. Our perspective leads us to judge the transformation potential of the particular digital technology predictive policing with some reservation. From our perspective, predictive policing represents a routine reform. Overall, we argue for an understanding of digitalization as a heterogenous process. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/sosys-2021-0008 SN - 0948-423X SN - 2366-0473 VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SP - 217 EP - 239 PB - De Gruyter Oldenbourg CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meischner-Al-Mousawi, Maja A1 - Heller, Luise A1 - Hartenstein, Sven A1 - Frost, Jonas A1 - Philipp, Aaron A1 - Hinz, Sylvette T1 - Suizide in deutschen Gefängnissen während der COVID-19-Pandemie T1 - Suicide in German prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic JF - Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie N2 - Das Risiko, durch einen Suizid im Gefängnis zu versterben, ist erhöht. Während der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden zum Infektionsschutz zahlreiche Maßnahmen, die beispielsweise eine deutliche Minderung der Kontakt- und Behandlungsangebote zur Folge hatten, eingeführt. Im Rahmen eines Kohortenvergleichs der Suizide und ausgewählter Merkmale der Suizident:innen in den Zeiträumen vom April 2017 bis zum Dezember 2019 sowie vom April 2020 bis zum Dezember 2022 wird untersucht, ob es eine Veränderung der Suizide während der Pandemie gab. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich eine Zunahme der Suizide während der Pandemie, insbesondere in den ersten 14 Tagen der Haft, und eine Zunahme der Suizide von Suizident:innen mit erhöhter Vulnerabilität. Keine Unterschiede wurden in den allgemeinen Risikomerkmalen für Suizide im Gefängnis festgestellt. Es ergeben sich Hinweise auf eine suizidpräventive Wirkung der Kontakt- und Behandlungsangebote. Daraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, intensivere Präventionsangebote für Gefangene mit erhöhter Vulnerabilität bzw. geringerer Resilienz anzubieten. N2 - The risk of dying by suicide in prison is increased. During the COVID-19 pandemic numerous measures were introduced to protect against infection, which, for example, resulted in a significant reduction in contact and treatment options. As part of a cohort comparison of suicides and selected characteristics of the suicidal persons between April 2017 and December 2019 as well as between April 2020 and December 2022, it was investigated whether there was a change in suicides during the pandemic. The results show an increase in suicides in the cohort during the pandemic, especially in the first 14 days of detention and an increase in suicides by suicidal people with increased vulnerability. No differences were found in the overall risk characteristics for suicide in prison. There are indications of a suicide-preventing effect of the contact and treatment options. As a result there is a need to offer more intensive prevention services for prisoners with increased vulnerability or lower resilience. KW - Suizidrisiko KW - Risikofaktoren KW - Suizidprävention KW - Justizvollzug KW - suicid risk KW - risk factors KW - suicide prevention KW - prison Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-024-00827-6 SN - 1862-7072 SN - 1862-7080 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 106 EP - 116 PB - Steinkopff CY - Darmstadt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wegmann, Simone T1 - Sven Siefken und Hilmar Rommetvedt (Hrsg.). 2021. Parliamentary committees in the policy process JF - Zeitschrift für vergleichende Politikwissenschaft Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-022-00553-5 SN - 1865-2654 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 769 EP - 772 PB - VS Verl. für Sozialwissenschaften CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - THES A1 - Schmidt, Max Oliver T1 - Umkämpftes Asyl BT - Seenotrettung und Kirchenasyl als organisationale Strategien zur Usurpation des EU-Grenzregimes und zwischengesellschaftlicher Schließungssysteme Y1 - ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Mirbabaie, Milad A1 - Deubel, Annika A1 - Braun, Lea-Marie A1 - Kissmer, Tobias T1 - The potential of digital nudging to bridge the gap between environmental attitude and behavior in the usage of smart home applications JF - International Journal of Information Management N2 - Despite energy efficiency measures, global energy demand has gradually increased due to global economic growth and changes in consumer behavior. Even if people are aware of the problem and want to change their energy consumption, they have difficulty acting on their attitudes. This is called the attitude-behavior gap. To narrow this gap and reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions, behavioral interventions beyond technological advances must be considered. A promising intervention is nudging, which uses insights from behavioral economics to gently nudge individuals toward more sustainable choices. In this study, we investigate how modifying digital choice architectures with nudges can be used to influence consumer energy conservation behavior in smart home applications (SHAs). We conducted an online experiment with 391 participants to test the effectiveness of the following three digital nudges in an SHA: self-commitment, reminder, and social norm nudge. While the results of a structural equation model indicated no effect on bridging the gap between attitude and behavior, we found the potential to promote energy conservation with two nudge types. Thus, this paper makes substantial contribution to persuasive and information systems-enabled sustainability for a better world in the form of digital nudges for emerging technologies. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102665 SN - 0268-4012 SN - 1873-4707 VL - 72 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Löw, Martina A1 - Sayman, Volkan A1 - Schwerer, Jona A1 - Wolf, Hannah ED - Löw, Martina ED - Sayman, Volkan ED - Schwerer, Jona ED - Wolf, Hannah T1 - Am Ende der Globalisierung BT - über die Refiguration von Räumen T2 - Am Ende der Globalisierung Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-8394-5402-2 SN - 978-3-8376-5402-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839454022 SP - 9 EP - 22 PB - transcript CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Adriaans, Jule A1 - Griese, Florian A1 - Auspurg, Katrin A1 - Bledow, Nona A1 - Bohmann, Sandra A1 - Busemeyer, Marius R. A1 - Delhey, Jan A1 - Goebel, Jan A1 - Groh-Samberg, Olaf A1 - Heckhausen, Jutta A1 - Hinz, Thomas A1 - Kroh, Martin A1 - Lengfeld, Holger A1 - Lersch, Philipp M. A1 - Liebig, Stefan A1 - Richter, David A1 - Sachweh, Patrick A1 - Schupp, Jürgen A1 - Schwerdt, Guido A1 - Verwiebe, Roland T1 - Dokumentation zum Entwicklungsprozess des Moduls Einstellungen zu sozialer Ungleichheit im SOEP (v38) T2 - SOEP survey papers, series B - survey reports (Methodenberichte) N2 - Im Rahmen eines einjährigen Entwicklungsprozesses wurde das Fragebogenmodul "Einstellungen zu sozialer Ungleichheit" unter der Leitung der Infrastruktureinrichtung SOEP entwickelt und in der 38. Welle der Haupterhebung des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels erstmalig erhoben. Das finale Fragebogenmodul umfasst 43 Items zu den Themenbereichen Soziale Vergleiche, Soziale Mobilität, Sozialstaat und Nicht-materielle Ungleichheit. In der Tradition des SOEP als forschungsbasierte Infrastruktureinrichtung erfolgte die Fragebogenentwicklung in enger Zusammenarbeit mit externen Forschenden aus dem Bereich der Einstellungs- und Ungleichheitsforschung. Neben der etablierten Nutzung des SOEP Innovation Samples (SOEP-IS) für quantitative Pretests neu entwickelter Fragen kam erstmals ein kognitiver Pretest zum Einsatz. Der vorliegende Bericht dokumentiert den Entwicklungsprozess von der Konzeption bis zum finalen Fragebogen. KW - Einstellungen zu sozialer Ungleichheit KW - Fragebogenentwicklung KW - Pretest KW - SOEP KW - SOEP-IS Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.829765.de/diw_ssp1071.pdf SN - 2193-5580 VL - 1071 PB - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW) CY - Berlin ER -