TY - JOUR A1 - Bubeck, Philip A1 - Berghäuser, Lisa A1 - Hudson, Paul A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Using panel data to understand the dynamics of human behavior in response to flooding JF - Risk analysis : an international journal N2 - Insights into the dynamics of human behavior in response to flooding are urgently needed for the development of effective integrated flood risk management strategies, and for integrating human behavior in flood risk modeling. However, our understanding of the dynamics of risk perceptions, attitudes, individual recovery processes, as well as adaptive (i.e., risk reducing) intention and behavior are currently limited because of the predominant use of cross-sectional surveys in the flood risk domain. Here, we present the results from one of the first panel surveys in the flood risk domain covering a relatively long period of time (i.e., four years after a damaging event), three survey waves, and a wide range of topics relevant to the role of citizens in integrated flood risk management. The panel data, consisting of 227 individuals affected by the 2013 flood in Germany, were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to utilize the unique temporal dimension of the data set. Results show that attitudes, such as the respondents' perceived responsibility within flood risk management, remain fairly stable over time. Changes are observed partly for risk perceptions and mainly for individual recovery and intentions to undertake risk-reducing measures. LCGA reveal heterogeneous recovery and adaptation trajectories that need to be taken into account in policies supporting individual recovery and stimulating societal preparedness. More panel studies in the flood risk domain are needed to gain better insights into the dynamics of individual recovery, risk-reducing behavior, and associated risk and protective factors. KW - adaptation behavior KW - floods KW - individual recovery KW - LCGA KW - panel data Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13548 SN - 0272-4332 SN - 1539-6924 VL - 40 IS - 11 SP - 2340 EP - 2359 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mahlkow, Hendrik A1 - Petersen, Thieß A1 - Wanner, Joschka T1 - Folgen eines höheren CO2-Preises in der EU BT - wer gewinnt, wer verliert? JF - Wirtschaftsdienst N2 - Damit die EU ihre ambitionierten Klimaschutzziele erreichen kann, werden die Preise für Treibhausgasemissionen in den nächsten Jahren spürbar steigen. Das hat ökonomische Auswirkungen für die EU-Mitgliedsländer, aber auch den Rest der Welt. Einzelne Sektoren und auch Volkswirtschaften werden davon unterschiedlich stark getroffen. N2 - If the EU is to achieve its ambitious climate protection targets, prices for greenhouse gas emissions will rise noticeably in the next few years. This has economic implications not only for the EU member countries, but also for the rest of the world. This article presents the results of simulations covering 141 countries/regions and 65 economic sectors. The economic impact of the EU increasing its carbon price by $50 is calculated. In addition to the effects on real GDP and sectoral production, the consequences for the volume of emissions are also calculated. The carbon price increase is found to effectively bring down emissions, though with non-negligible leakage effects and at very heterogenous costs, both across countries and across sectors. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10273-021-3048-5 SN - 0043-6275 SN - 1613-978X VL - 101 IS - 11 SP - 870 EP - 877 PB - ZBW CY - Hamburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amann, Erwin A1 - Rzepka, Sylvi T1 - The effect of goal-setting prompts in a blended learning environment BT - evidence from a field experiment JF - Economics of education review N2 - Previous literature has shown that task-based goal-setting and distributed learning is beneficial to university-level course performance. We investigate the effects of making these insights salient to students by sending out goal-setting prompts in a blended learning environment with bi-weekly quizzes. The randomized field experiment in a large mandatory economics course shows promising results: the treated students outperform the control group. They are 18.8% (0.20 SD) more likely to pass the exam and earn 6.7% (0.19 SD) more points on the exam. While we cannot causally disentangle the effects of goal-setting from the prompt sent, we observe that treated students use the online learning platform earlier in the semester and attempt more online exercises compared to the control group. The heterogeneity analysis suggests that higher treatment effects are associated with low performance at the beginning of the course. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102331 SN - 0272-7757 VL - 92 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andres, Maximilian A1 - Bruttel, Lisa A1 - Friedrichsen, Jana T1 - How communication makes the difference between a cartel and tacit collusion BT - a machine learning approach JF - European economic review N2 - This paper sheds new light on the role of communication for cartel formation. Using machine learning to evaluate free-form chat communication among firms in a laboratory experiment, we identify typical communication patterns for both explicit cartel formation and indirect attempts to collude tacitly. We document that firms are less likely to communicate explicitly about price fixing and more likely to use indirect messages when sanctioning institutions are present. This effect of sanctions on communication reinforces the direct cartel-deterring effect of sanctions as collusion is more difficult to reach and sustain without an explicit agreement. Indirect messages have no, or even a negative, effect on prices. KW - cartel KW - collusion KW - communication KW - machine learning KW - experiment Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104331 SN - 0014-2921 SN - 1873-572X VL - 152 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vietze, Jana A1 - Schwarzenthal, Miriam A1 - Moffitt, Ursula A1 - Civitillo, Sauro T1 - Beyond 'migrant background': how to select relevant, social justice oriented, and feasible social categories in educational research JF - European journal of psychology of education N2 - Across continental Europe, educational research samples are often divided by 'migrant background', a binary variable criticized for masking participant heterogeneity and reinforcing exclusionary norms of belonging. This study endorses more meaningful, representative, and precise research by offering four guiding questions for selecting relevant, social justice oriented, and feasible social categories for collecting and analysing data in psychological and educational research. Using a preregistered empirical example, we first compare selected social categories ('migrant background', family heritage, religion, citizenship, cultural identification, and generation status) in their potential to reveal participant heterogeneity. Second, we investigate differences in means and relations between variables (discrimination experiences, perceived societal Islamophobia, and national identity) and academic motivation among 1335 adolescents in Germany (48% female, M-age = 14.69). Regression analyses and multigroup SEM revealed differential experiences with and implications of discrimination for academic motivation. Results highlight the need for a deliberate, transparent use of social categories to make discrimination visible and centre participants' subjective experiences. KW - migrant background KW - labels KW - social categories KW - discrimination KW - academic KW - motivation KW - national identity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-022-00611-2 SN - 0256-2928 SN - 1878-5174 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 389 EP - 408 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heidenreich, Anna A1 - Buchner, Martin A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - How to deal with heat stress at an open-air event? BT - Exploring visitors’ vulnerability, risk perception, and adaptive behavior with a multimethod approach JF - Weather, climate & society / American Meteorological Society N2 - Heat waves are increasingly common in many countries across the globe, and also in Germany, where this study is set. Heat poses severe health risks, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and children. This case study explores visitors' behavior and perceptions during six weekends in the summer of 2018 at a 6-month open-air horticultural show. Data from a face-to-face survey (n = 306) and behavioral observations ( n = 2750) were examined by using correlation analyses, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses. Differences in weather perception, risk awareness, adaptive behavior, and activity level were observed between rainy days (maximum daily temperature, 25 degrees C), warmsummer days (25 degrees-30 degrees C), and hot days (>30 degrees C). Respondents reported a high level of heat risk awareness, butmost (90%) were unaware of actual heat warnings. During hot days, more adaptive measures were reported and observed. Older respondents reported taking the highest number of adaptive measures. We observed the highest level of adaptation in children, but they also showed the highest activity level. From our results we discuss how to facilitate individual adaptation to heat stress at open-air events by taking the heterogeneity of visitors into account. To mitigate negative health outcomes for citizens in the future, we argue for tailored risk communication aimed at vulnerable groups.
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: People around the world are facing higher average temperatures. While higher temperatures make open-air events a popular leisure time activity in summer, heat waves are a threat to health and life. Since there is not much research on how visitors of such events perceive different weather conditions-especially hot temperatures-we explored this in our case study in southern Germany at an open-air horticultural show in the summer of 2018. We discovered deficits both in people's awareness of current heat risk and the heat adaptation they carry out themselves. Future research should further investigate risk perception and adaptation behavior of private individuals, whereas event organizers and authorities need to continually focus on risk communication and facilitate individual adaptation of their visitors. KW - Extreme events KW - Adaptation KW - Communications/decision making KW - Emergency KW - preparedness KW - Emergency response KW - Field experiments KW - Societal impacts Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-21-0027.1 SN - 1948-8327 SN - 1948-8335 VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 989 EP - 1002 PB - American Meteorological Soc. CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - Mit narrativen Medien lernen BT - Biografie, Belletristik, Musik, Spielfilm JF - Handbuch politische Bildung Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-7344-1362-9 SN - 978-3-7344-1363-6 SN - 978-3-7344-1380-3 SN - 1435-7526 SN - 2749-6473 SP - 476 EP - 483 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt am Main ET - 5., vollständig überarbeitete ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje Charlotte A1 - Schuppert, Fabian T1 - Einleitung zu Serene Khaders "Decolonizing universalism: transnational feminist ethic" BT - eine kritische Auseinandersetzung JF - Zeitschrift für praktische Philosophie N2 - Serene Khader ist eine der wenigen feministischen Philosoph:innen in der anglosächsischen Philosophie, die sich gezielt mit globaler Ungerechtigkeit und Imperialismus aus Sicht jener Frauen beschäftigen, die von kolonialer und kultureller Herrschaft betroffen sind. Hierbei entlarvt sie eindrucksvoll die oftmals westliche Prägung von Feminismus, Gleichstellungspolitik und Philosophie und verfolgt so das Ziel, die Autonomie und Entscheidungskraft aller Frauen anzuerkennen. So zielt Khader in Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic auf eine Neuausrichtung der feministischen Perspektive, welche es schafft, dekolonial und anti-imperialistisch zu sein, ohne gleichzeitig dem Universalismus komplett abzuschwören. Die folgende Buchdiskussion begibt sich in eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Khaders interessanter wie wichtiger Theorie. Einleitend werden wir einen Überblick über Khaders Grundgedanken geben. Es schließen sich kritische Kommentare von Tamara Jugov, Mirjam Müller, Kerstin Reibold sowie Hilkje C. Hänel und Fabian Schuppert an, auf die Serene Khader abschließend antwortet. KW - Universalismus KW - Decoloniale Theorie KW - Feministische Philosophie KW - Anti-Imperialismus KW - Nicht-ideale Theorie KW - Serene Khader Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/9.1.12 SN - 2409-9961 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 305 EP - 314 PB - Universität Salzburg, Zentrum für Ethik und Armutsforschung CY - Salzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuppert, Fabian T1 - Zur Auferlegung systemischer Finanzrisiken BT - moralische Unzulässigkeit und staatliche Sorgfaltspflicht JF - Zeitschrift für politische Theorie N2 - Obwohl seit der Finanzkrise 2008 systemische Finanzrisiken das Objekt zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher Studien waren, hat die Frage, unter welchen Bedingungen und Umständen die Auferlegung eines systemischen Finanzrisikos moralisch unzulässig ist, bisher kaum Beachtung gefunden. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, eine Reihe von normativen Kriterien für die Einschätzung der moralischen Unzulässigkeit von systemischen Risiken zu entwickeln. Darüber hinaus wird argumentiert, dass staatliche und andere relevante Institutionen zwei zentrale Pflichten hinsichtlich des Umgangs mit systemischen Finanzrisiken haben: eine Schutzpflicht gegenüber allen Bürger*innen und eine Sorgfaltspflicht, um die diesen Institutionen obliegenden Kontroll- und Aufsichtsfunktionen verantwortungsvoll auszuüben. KW - Systemisches Risiko KW - Nicht-Beherrschung KW - Republikanismus KW - Risikoauferlegung KW - Finanzrisiken Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/zpth.v12i1.05 SN - 1869-3016 SN - 2196-2103 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 83 PB - Barbara Budrich CY - Leverkusen-Opladen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sommerer, Thomas A1 - Squatrito, Theresa A1 - Tallberg, Jonas A1 - Lundgren, Magnus T1 - Decision-making in international organizations BT - institutional design and performance JF - The review of international organizations N2 - International organizations (IOs) experience significant variation in their decision-making performance, or the extent to which they produce policy output. While some IOs are efficient decision-making machineries, others are plagued by deadlock. How can such variation be explained? Examining this question, the article makes three central contributions. First, we approach performance by looking at IO decision-making in terms of policy output and introduce an original measure of decision-making performance that captures annual growth rates in IO output. Second, we offer a novel theoretical explanation for decision-making performance. This account highlights the role of institutional design, pointing to how majoritarian decision rules, delegation of authority to supranational institutions, and access for transnational actors (TNAs) interact to affect decision-making. Third, we offer the first comparative assessment of the decision-making performance of IOs. While previous literature addresses single IOs, we explore decision-making across a broad spectrum of 30 IOs from 1980 to 2011. Our analysis indicates that IO decision-making performance varies across and within IOs. We find broad support for our theoretical account, showing the combined effect of institutional design features in shaping decision-making performance. Notably, TNA access has a positive effect on decision-making performance when pooling is greater, and delegation has a positive effect when TNA access is higher. We also find that pooling has an independent, positive effect on decision-making performance. All-in-all, these findings suggest that the institutional design of IOs matters for their decision-making performance, primarily in more complex ways than expected in earlier research. KW - international organizations KW - institutional design KW - decision-making KW - global governance KW - performance Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-021-09445-x SN - 1559-7431 SN - 1559-744X VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 815 EP - 845 PB - Springer CY - Boston ER -