TY - RPRT A1 - Kienbaum, Janna A1 - Würfl, Katja A1 - Favella, Gianpiero T1 - Leitfaden für einen qualitativen Methoden- und Feldbericht N2 - Der Leitfaden für einen qualitativen Methoden- und Feldbericht ist im Rahmen des DFG-Verbundprojektes “FDNext” (2020-2023) entstanden und dient als Orientierungshilfe für die Dokumentation erhobener Daten mit dem Schwerpunkt auf die qualitative Bildungsforschung. KW - research data management KW - rdm in disciplines KW - data documentation KW - educational sciences KW - qualitative research data KW - Forschungsdatenmanagement KW - disziplinspezifisches FDM KW - Datendokumentation KW - Bildungswissenschaften KW - Qualitative Forschungsdaten Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7247993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinzel, Mirko Noa T1 - International bureaucrats and organizational performance BT - Country-Specific knowledge and sectoral knowledge in world bank projects JF - International Studies Quarterly N2 - International organizations (IOs) try to incorporate policy-specific best practices and country-specific knowledge to increase well-informed decision-making. However, the relative contribution of the two kinds of knowledge to organizational performance is insufficiently understood. The article addresses this gap by focusing on the role of staff in World Bank performance. It posits that country-specific knowledge, sectoral knowledge, and their combination positively contribute to World Bank projects. The argument is tested drawing on a novel database on the tenure, nationality, and educational background of World Bank Task Team Leaders. Three findings stand out. First, country-specific knowledge seems to matter on average, while sectoral knowledge does not. Second, there is some evidence that staff that combine both kinds of knowledge are empowered to make more positive contributions to performance. Third, the diversity and relevance of experience, not length of tenure, are associated with more success. The findings contribute to discussions on international bureaucracies by highlighting how differences between the knowledge of individual staff shape their decision-making and performance. IOs could better tap into the existing resources in their bureaucracies to enhance their performance by rotating staff less frequently between duty stations. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqac013 SN - 0020-8833 SN - 1468-2478 VL - 66 IS - 2 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reiners, Nina T1 - Transnational lawmaking coalitions for human rights N2 - Transnational Lawmaking Coalitions is the first comprehensive analysis of the role and impact of informal collaborations in the UN human rights treaty bodies. Issues as central to international human rights as the right to water, abortion, torture, and hate speech are often only clarified through the instrument of treaty interpretations. This book dives beneath the surface of the formal access, procedures, and actors of the UN treaty body system to reveal how the experts and external collaborators play a key role in the development of human rights. Nina Reiners introduces the concept of 'Transnational Lawmaking Coalitions' within a novel theoretical framework and draws on a number of detailed case studies and original data. This study makes a significant contribution to the scholarship on human rights, transnational actors, and international organizations, and contributes to broader debates in international relations and international law Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-108-97676-3 SN - 978-1-108-84554-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108976763 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dreke, Claudia A1 - Hungerland, Beatrice A1 - Stölting, Erhard T1 - Ausblick BT - Anregungen für die kindheitsbezogene Forschung zur Corona-Krise unter Umbruchsperspektiven JF - Kindheit in gesellschaftlichen Umbrüchen Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-7799-6508-4 SN - 978-3-7799-5831-4 SP - 253 EP - 258 PB - Beltz CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kazepov, Yuri A1 - Verwiebe, Roland T1 - Is Vienna still a just city? BT - the challenges of transitions JF - Vienna Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-367-68011-4 SN - 978-1-003-13382-7 SN - 978-0-367-68013-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003133827-1 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riederer, Bernhard Edwin A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Ahn, Byeongsun T1 - Professionalisation, polarisation or both? BT - economic restructuring and new divisions of labour JF - Vienna Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-367-68011-4 SN - 978-1-003-13382-7 SN - 978-0-367-68013-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003133827-10 SP - 99 EP - 114 PB - Routledge CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Präg, Patrick A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Richard, Lindsay T1 - Intragenerational social mobility and wellbeing BT - a biomarker approach JF - Social forces : SF ; an international journal of social research associated with the Southern Sociological Society N2 - Social theory has long predicted that social mobility, in particular downward social mobility, is detrimental to the well-being of individuals. Dissociative and “falling from grace” theories suggest that mobility is stressful due to the weakening of social ties, feelings of alienation, and loss of status. In light of these theories, it is a puzzle that the majority of quantitative studies in this area have shown null results. Our approach to resolve the puzzle is two-fold. First, we argue for a broader conception of the mobility process than is often used and thus focus on intragenerational occupational class mobility rather than restricting ourselves to the more commonly studied intergenerational mobility. Second, we argue that self-reported measures may be biased by habituation (or “entrenched deprivation”). Using nurse-collected health and biomarker data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010–2012, N = 4,123), we derive a measure of allostatic load as an objective gauge of physiological “wear and tear” and compare patterns of mobility effects with self-reports of health using diagonal reference models. Our findings indicate a strong class gradient in both allostatic load and self-rated health, and that both first and current job matter for current well-being outcomes. However, in terms of the effects of mobility itself, we find that intragenerational social mobility is consequential for allostatic load, but not for self-rated health. Downward mobility is detrimental and upward mobility beneficial for well-being as assessed by allostatic load. Thus, these findings do not support the idea of generalized stress from dissociation, but they do support the “falling from grace” hypothesis of negative downward mobility effects. Our findings have a further implication, namely that the differences in mobility effects between the objective and subjective outcome infer the presence of entrenched deprivation. Null results in studies of self-rated outcomes may therefore be a methodological artifact, rather than an outright rejection of decades-old social theory. Y1 - 2022 SN - 1534-7605 SN - 0037-7732 VL - 101 IS - 2 SP - 665 EP - 693 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Christian A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Mader, Katharina T1 - Transformation und Krise der Sorgearbeit JF - Kurswechsel : Zeitschrift für gesellschafts-, wirtschafts- und umweltpolitische Alternativen Y1 - 2022 SN - 1016-8419 IS - 2 SP - 40 EP - 50 PB - BEIGEWUM CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Konrad, Markus T1 - Has Covid-19 increased gender inequalities in professional advancement? BT - cross-country evidence on productivity differences between male and female software developers JF - Journal of family research N2 - Objective: This article analyzed gender differences in professional advancement following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic based on data from open-source software developers in 37 countries. Background: Men and women may have been affected differently from the social distancing measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that men and women tend to work in different jobs and that they have been unequally involved in childcare duties, school and workplace closings may have impacted men's and women's professional lives unequally. Method: We analyzed original data from the world's largest social coding community, GitHub. We first estimated a Holt-Winters forecast model to compare the predicted and the observed average weekly productivity of a random sample of male and female developers (N=177,480) during the first lockdown period in 2020. To explain the crosscountry variation in the gendered effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on software developers' productivity, we estimated two-way fixed effects models with different lockdown measures as predictors - school and workplace closures, in particular. Results: In most countries, both male and female developers were, on average, more productive than predicted, and productivity increased for both genders with increasing lockdown stringency. When examining the effects of the most relevant types of lockdown measures separately, we found that stay-at-home restrictions increased both men's and women's productivity and that workplace closures also increased the number of weekly contributions on average - but for women, only when schools were open. Conclusion: Having found gender differences in the effect of workplace closures contingent on school and daycare closures within a population that is relatively young and unlikely to have children (software developers), we conclude that the Covid-19 pandemic may indeed have contributed to increased gender inequalities in professional advancement. KW - gender KW - Covid-19 KW - inequality KW - productivity KW - international comparison; KW - GitHub Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-697 SN - 2699-2337 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 134 EP - 160 PB - University of Bamberg Press CY - Bamberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heisig, Jan Paul A1 - Matthewes, Sönke Hendrik T1 - No evidence that strict educational tracking improves student performance through classroom homogeneity BT - a critical reanalysis of Esser and Seuring (2020) BT - eine kritische Reanalyse von Esser und Seuring (2020) JF - Zeitschrift für Soziologie N2 - In a recent contribution to this journal, Esser and Seuring (2020) draw on data from the National Educational Panel Study to attack the widespread view that tracking in lower secondary education exacerbates inequalities in student outcomes without improving average student performance. Exploiting variation in the strictness of tracking across 13 of the 16 German federal states (e. g., whether teacher recommendations are binding), Esser and Seuring claim to demonstrate that stricter tracking after grade 4 results in better performance in grade 7 and that this can be attributed to the greater homogeneity of classrooms under strict tracking. We show these conclusions to be untenable: Esser and Seuring's measures of classroom composition are highly dubious because the number of observed students is very small for many classrooms. Even when we adopt their classroom composition measures, simple corrections and extensions of their analysis reveal that there is no meaningful evidence for a positive relationship between classroom homogeneity and student achievement - the channel supposed to mediate the alleged positive effect of strict tracking. We go on to show that students from more strictly tracking states perform better already at the start of tracking (grade 5), which casts further doubt on the alleged positive effect of strict tracking on learning progress and leaves selection or anticipation effects as more plausible explanations. On a conceptual level, we emphasize that Esser and Seuring's analysis is limited to states that implement different forms of early tracking and cannot inform us about the relative performance of comprehensive and tracked systems that is the focus of most prior research. N2 - In einem kürzlich in dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlichten Artikel attackieren Esser und Seuring (2020) die verbreitete Auffassung, dass eine frühe Leistungsdifferenzierung in den ersten Jahren der Sekundarstufe Ungleichheiten zwischen Schüler*innen verstärkt, ohne sich positiv auf das durchschnittliche Leistungsniveau auszuwirken. Auf Basis einer Analyse von Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels für 13 Bundesländer kommen die Autoren zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich eine strenge Leistungsdifferenzierung (z. B. durch bindende Grundschulempfehlungen) positiv auf das Leistungsniveau in Klasse 7 auswirkt und dass dies auf die homogenere Klassenzusammensetzung in strikt differenzierenden Ländern zurückgeführt werden kann. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, dass diese Schlussfolgerungen nicht haltbar sind: Esser und Seurings Indikatoren für die Klassenzusammensetzung sind qualitativ fragwürdig, da die Anzahl gültiger Beobachtungen für viele Klassen sehr klein ist. Selbst bei Verwendung ihrer Indikatoren wird durch einfache Korrekturen und Ergänzungen ihrer Analyse schnell deutlich, dass es keine belastbaren empirischen Belege für den theoretisch zentralen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen homogener Klassenzusammensetzung und Leistungsniveau gibt. Zudem können wir zeigen, dass Schüler*innen in streng differenzierenden Ländern bereits zu Beginn der Sekundarstufe bessere Leistungen erzielen, ein weiteres Ergebnis, das gegen einen (kausalen) positiven Zusammenhang zwischen strenger Differenzierung und Lernfortschritt und für Alternativerklärungen wie Selektions- oder Antizipationseffekte spricht. In konzeptioneller Hinsicht heben wir hervor, dass sich die Analyse von Esser und Seuring auf verschiedene leistungsdifferenzierende Systeme beschränkt und insofern keine unmittelbaren Implikationen für den in der Literatur zentralen Vergleich zwischen differenzierenden und Gesamtschulsystemen (comprehensive systems) haben kann. T2 - Keine Belege für leistungsfördernde Effekte von strikter Leistungsdifferenzierung durch kognitive Homogenisierung KW - Ability Tracking KW - Secondary Education Systems KW - Peer Effects KW - Classroom KW - Composition KW - Mediation Analysis KW - Replication KW - Leistungsdifferenzierung KW - Sekundarbildungssysteme KW - Peer-Effekte KW - Klassenzusammensetzung KW - Mediationsanalyse KW - Replikation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2022-0001 SN - 0340-1804 SN - 2366-0325 VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - 99 EP - 111 PB - de Gruyter Oldenbourg CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Trinkhaus, Stephan A1 - Völker, Susanne T1 - Inhabiting the entanglement of that time with our own" (Saidiya Hartman) BT - Diffraktion, Intersektionalität und die Ökologien Schwarzer Praktiken T2 - Handbuch Intersektionalitätsforschung N2 - In diesem Beitrag wird der Versuch unternommen, anhand des Konzepts der Diffraktion die (neomaterialistischen) Arbeiten Donna Haraways und Karen Barads mit bestimmten Ansätzen der Black Studies in Kontakt zu bringen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen hier Texte von Saidiya Hartman und Christina Sharpe, die auf dem afterlife of slavery und der Grundlegung modernen Wissens und moderner Politik als antiblackness insistieren. Angestrebt ist ein nicht-integratives, wechselseitiges Beachten divergenter (Theorie-)Praktiken, um partielle Kollaborationen zu ermöglichen. KW - Diffraktion KW - Divergenz KW - Afterlife of slavery KW - Neuer Materialismus KW - Black Studies Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-658-26291-4 SN - 978-3-658-26292-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26292-1_11 SP - 145 EP - 159 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seržant, Ilja A. A1 - Moroz, George A. T1 - Universal attractors in language evolution provide evidence for the kinds of efficiency pressures involved JF - Humanities & Social Sciences Communications N2 - Efficiency is central to understanding the communicative and cognitive underpinnings of language. However, efficiency management is a complex mechanism in which different efficiency effects-such as articulatory, processing and planning ease, mental accessibility, and informativity, online and offline efficiency effects-conspire to yield the coding of linguistic signs. While we do not yet exactly understand the interactional mechanism of these different effects, we argue that universal attractors are an important component of any dynamic theory of efficiency that would be aimed at predicting efficiency effects across languages. Attractors are defined as universal states around which language evolution revolves. Methodologically, we approach efficiency from a cross-linguistic perspective on the basis of a world-wide sample of 383 languages from 53 families, balancing all six macro-areas (Eurasia, North and South America, Australia, Africa, and Oceania). We explore the grammatical domain of verbal person-number subject indexes. We claim that there is an attractor state in this domain to which languages tend to develop and tend not to leave if they happen to comply with the attractor in their earlier stages of evolution. The attractor is characterized by different lengths for each person and number combination, structured along Zipf's predictions. Moreover, the attractor strongly prefers non-compositional, cumulative coding of person and number. On the basis of these and other properties of the attractor, we conclude that there are two domains in which efficiency pressures are most powerful: strive towards less processing and articulatory effort. The latter, however, is overridden by constant information flow. Strive towards lower lexicon complexity and memory costs are weaker efficiency pressures for this grammatical category due to its order of frequency. KW - Duration KW - Explanations KW - Redundancy KW - Pronouns KW - Usage Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01072-0 SN - 2662-9992 VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JFULL ED - Kirchner, Vera ED - Richter, Christin T1 - Unterricht Wirtschaft + Politik BT - Arbeitswelt 4.0 N2 - Homeoffice, 24/7-Erreichbarkeit, VR-Brillen, flach hierarchisierte Projektarbeit in internationalen Teams – ist das die Arbeitswelt der Zukunft? Sind wir bereit für den Abschied vom Büroalltag, von Kantine, Allzweckteppich und Philodendron – aber eben auch vom Schwatz mit den Kollegen in der Kaffeepause, von sozialer Anbindung und Mitbestimmung? Y1 - 2022 SN - 2191-6624 SN - 2751-1243 IS - 2 PB - Friedrich Verlag CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirchner, Vera A1 - Richter, Christin ED - Kirchner, Vera ED - Richter, Christin T1 - Arbeitswelt 4.0 BT - Veränderte Anforderungen an die Berufliche Orientierung? JF - Unterricht Wirtschaft + Politik Y1 - 2022 SN - 2191-6624 SN - 2751-1243 IS - 2 SP - 6 EP - 9 PB - Friedich Verlag CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje Charlotte A1 - Müller, Johanna T1 - Non-Ideal philosophy as methodology BT - the case of feminist philosophy JF - Theoria : a journal of social and political theory N2 - This article argues that non-ideal theory is distinctive in its use of a certain methodology which is prior to specific topics (such as injustice, oppression, etc.), grounded in the idea of socially situ-ated knowledge, and able to address ideological situatedness. Drawing on standpoint epistemology, we show that one’s social position within given power structures has implications for knowledge acquisition and that being in a vulnerable or marginalised position can be advantageous to knowledge acquisition. Following ideology critique, we argue that both marginalised and powerful social positions are embedded within a given ideology. As ideology is more than a mere set of attitudes or beliefs that social agents endorse or resist, situated agents and theo-rists cannot develop normative criteria that are not themselves situated. Hence, non-ideal theory has to be equipped with methods that are likely to make this situatedness visible. We close by presenting some diverse methods that already do so. KW - critical theory KW - feminist standpoint theory KW - ideology cri-tique KW - non-ideal theory KW - social epistemology KW - standpoint epistemology Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3167/th.2022.6917202 SN - 1558-5816 SN - 0040-5817 VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 32 EP - 59 PB - Berghahn CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reibold, Kerstin T1 - Settler Colonialism, Decolonization, and Climate Change JF - Journal of applied philosophy N2 - The article proposes that climate change makes enduring colonial injustices and structures visible. It focuses on the imposition and dominance of colonial concepts of land and self-determination on Indigenous peoples in settler states. It argues that if the dominance of these colonial frameworks remains unaddressed, the progressing climate change will worsen other colonial injustices, too. Specifically, Indigenous self-determination capabilities will be increasingly undermined, and Indigenous peoples will experience the loss of what they understand as relevant land from within their own ontologies of land. The article holds that even if settler states strive to repair colonial injustices, these efforts will be unsuccessful if climate change occurs and decolonization is pursued within the framework of a settler colonial ontology of land. Therefore, the article suggests, decolonization of the ontologies of land and concepts of self-determination is a precondition for a just response to climate change. KW - territorial rights KW - indigenous rights KW - climate change KW - colonialism Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12573 SN - 0264-3758 SN - 1468-5930 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kesting, Marietta T1 - Wer schreibt? Wer spricht? BT - @Glissantbot: more than human politics of languaging in the post-colonies JF - Human after man Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-0358-0465-2 SP - 163 EP - 178 PB - Diaphanes CY - Zürich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. A1 - Obst, Cosima A1 - Uhlendorff, Arne T1 - Risk preferences and training investments JF - Journal of economic behavior & organization N2 - We analyze workers’ risk preferences and training investments. Our conceptual framework differentiates between the investment risk and insurance mechanisms underpinning training decisions. Investment risk leads risk-averse workers to train less; they undertake more training if it insures them against future losses. We use the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) to demonstrate that risk affinity is associated with more training, implying that, on average, investment risks dominate the insurance benefits of training. Crucially, this relationship is evident only for general training; there is no relationship between risk attitudes and specific training. Thus, consistent with our conceptual framework, risk preferences matter more when skills are transferable – and workers have a vested interest in training outcomes – than when they are not. Finally, we provide evidence that the insurance benefits of training are concentrated among workers with uncertain employment relationships or limited access to public insurance schemes. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.11.024 SN - 0167-2681 VL - 205 SP - 668 EP - 686 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. A1 - Obst, Cosima A1 - Seitz, Helke A1 - Uhlendorff, Arne T1 - Locus of control and investment in training JF - Journal of human resources N2 - We extend standard models of work-related training by explicitly incorporating workers’ locus of control into the investment decision through the returns they expect. Our model predicts that higher internal control results in increased take-up of general, but not specific, training. This prediction is empirically validated using data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP). We provide empirical evidence that locus of control influences participation in training through its effect on workers’ expectations about future wage increases rather than actual wage increases. Our results provide an important explanation for underinvestment in training and suggest that those with an external sense of control may require additional training support. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.57.4.0318-9377R2 SN - 0022-166X SN - 1548-8004 VL - 57 IS - 4 SP - 1311 EP - 1349 PB - University of Wisconsin Press CY - Madison ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munnes, Stefan A1 - Harsch, Corinna A1 - Knobloch, Marcel A1 - Vogel, Johannes S. A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Schilling, Erik T1 - Examining Sentiment in Complex Texts. A Comparison of Different Computational Approaches JF - Frontiers in Big Data N2 - Can we rely on computational methods to accurately analyze complex texts? To answer this question, we compared different dictionary and scaling methods used in predicting the sentiment of German literature reviews to the "gold standard " of human-coded sentiments. Literature reviews constitute a challenging text corpus for computational analysis as they not only contain different text levels-for example, a summary of the work and the reviewer's appraisal-but are also characterized by subtle and ambiguous language elements. To take the nuanced sentiments of literature reviews into account, we worked with a metric rather than a dichotomous scale for sentiment analysis. The results of our analyses show that the predicted sentiments of prefabricated dictionaries, which are computationally efficient and require minimal adaption, have a low to medium correlation with the human-coded sentiments (r between 0.32 and 0.39). The accuracy of self-created dictionaries using word embeddings (both pre-trained and self-trained) was considerably lower (r between 0.10 and 0.28). Given the high coding intensity and contingency on seed selection as well as the degree of data pre-processing of word embeddings that we found with our data, we would not recommend them for complex texts without further adaptation. While fully automated approaches appear not to work in accurately predicting text sentiments with complex texts such as ours, we found relatively high correlations with a semiautomated approach (r of around 0.6)-which, however, requires intensive human coding efforts for the training dataset. In addition to illustrating the benefits and limits of computational approaches in analyzing complex text corpora and the potential of metric rather than binary scales of text sentiment, we also provide a practical guide for researchers to select an appropriate method and degree of pre-processing when working with complex texts. KW - sentiment analysis KW - German literature KW - dictionary KW - word embeddings KW - automated text analysis KW - computer-assisted text analysis KW - scaling method Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.886362 SN - 2624-909X VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER -