TY - CHAP A1 - Mackert, Jürgen A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Introduction BT - a politcal economy of citizenship T2 - The Transformation of Citizenship : Volume 1 Political Economy N2 - In the course of the last four decades, neo-liberalism has established itself as the dominant form of governing both national societies and global affairs. On the foundation of both Keynesian economic policies and the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates among currencies, the world economy recovered. The classical sociological meaning and concept of citizenship as defined by T. H. Marshall and others after World War II rests on an analysis of the relationship between the capitalist economy and political democracy against the background of 'embedded liberalism'. Today, however, the enforcement of neo-liberal principles in order to turn modern democracies into 'market societies' impinges heavily on our idea of citizenship. The critical aspects of a flawed citizenship go directly to the heart of the idea of citizenship itself, as both democratic and social participation and a substantial conception of individual liberty all seem to be under attack from the global politico-economic regime. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-138-67290-1 (print) SN - 978-1-315-56228-5 (online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315562285 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Routledge Taylor CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mackert, Jürgen T1 - Why we need a new political economy of citizenship: neo-liberalism, the bank crisis and the 'Panama Papers' T2 - The Transformation of Citizenship : Political Economy Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-138-67290-1 (print) SN - 978-1-315-56228-5 (online) IS - 1 SP - 99 EP - 117 PB - Routledge Taylor CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mackert, Jürgen A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Introduction BT - citizenship and political struggle T2 - The Transformation of Citizenship : Volume 3 Struggle, Resistance and Violence N2 - The history of citizenship is one of social struggle against pre-modern authorities, nobles and aristocracies, of class struggles and the demands of social movements, and no less of cultural, ethnic, indigenous protests against the long history of colonialism. Paths to citizenship in Europe have taken very different directions, as Charles Tilly has shown with regard to England, the Netherlands, Russia or Prussia. Max Weber's dictum of defining the state by the accomplishment of the monopolisation of the legitimate means of violence is of utmost significance for the history of citizenship. There can be no doubt that the experience of World War II prepared the ground for the twentieth-century idea of citizenship. Consequently the Western concept of citizenship has been promoted as a role model in the march towards modernity as peaceful, democratic and universalistic. Finally, this chapter presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-138-67288-8 (print) SN - 978-1-315-56227-8 (online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315562278 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Routledge Taylor CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mackert, Jürgen A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Introduction BT - citizenship and its boundaries T2 - The Transformation of Citizenship : Volume 2 Boundaries of Inclusion and Exclusion N2 - This introduction presents an overview of the concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book examines the role of Frontex in the European Union as an agency to protect its external borders in the Mediterranean from irregular or 'illegal' migration. It discusses that Europe is an arrangement for European citizens only – and for some privileged non-citizens as in the Swiss case. The book explains the points to the possibility of a transnational membership regime that, however, bears certain antinomies that also point to unresolved problems. It offers an interesting view on the symbolic boundary between the citizen and the consumer, discussing this nexus from the perspective of citizenship studies, consumer culture and surveillance studies. Among the many far-reaching transformations that both societies and citizens have faced in recent years, the European migration crisis has most urgently brought to mind the fact that modern citizenship has always been about boundaries and about processes of inclusion and exclusion Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-138-67289-5 (print) SN - 978-1-315-56226-1 (online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315562261 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Routledge Taylor CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Hannah A1 - Mackert, Jürgen T1 - Introduction JF - Urban Change and Citizenship in Times of Crisis N2 - The processes of neo-liberalisation, coined as ‘actually existing neo-liberalism’ are by their very nature variegated and context-specific and can appear in multi-faceted and contradictory forms. Consequentially, sociological reflection has tried to conceptualise ongoing processes of transforming the city under the concept of urban neo-liberalism which is generally understood as the contextually specific and path-dependent realisation of neo-liberal restructuration projects, embedded in varying social, political, economic, and cultural ‘regulatory landscapes’. As much as neo-liberalism as ideology and political programme aims at erasing any democratic participation in society, its proponents have taken sides pushing ahead the re-conceptualisation of the city as a market with the right of the stronger ‘to do down the weaker’. The city has become a focal point for neo-liberalism’s war against democracy and citizens. Turning social relations into market transactions in order to restructure cities is not a new idea from the neo-liberals but one of the non-negotiable dogmas of their religion called science. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-0-429-26228-9 SN - 978-0-367-20564-5 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mackert, Jürgen ED - Müller, Hans-Peter ED - Sigmund, Steffen T1 - Schließung, soziale T2 - Max Weber-Handbuch N2 - In Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft führt Weber das Konzept »offener« und »geschlossener« sozialer Beziehungen (s. Kap. II.4) als § 10 der Soziologischen Grundbegriffe systematisch nach der Unterscheidung von »Vergemeinschaftung « und »Vergesellschaftung« (WuG, 21 § 9) ein. Während das soziale Handeln (s. Kap. II.16) bei der ersten dieser beiden Formen sozialer Beziehungen auf affektuell oder traditional begründeter Zusammengehörigkeit von Individuen beruht, gründet es bei der zweiten auf der wert- oder zweckrationalen Orientierung ihres Handelns. Trotz dieser wichtigen, anhand seiner Handlungstypen getroffenen Unterscheidung, macht Weber dann allerdings zugleich deutlich, dass im Hinblick auf Prozesse sozialer Schließung kein Unterschied darin besteht, ob es sich um subjektiv gefühlte oder rational motivierte Zusammengehörigkeiten dreht. Vielmehr gilt jegliche soziale Beziehung nach außen hin als »offen«, »wenn und insoweit die Teilnahme an dem an ihrem Sinngehalt orientierten gegenseitigen Handeln, welches sie konstituiert, nach ihren geltenden Ordnungen niemand verwehrt wird, der dazu tatsächlich in der Lage und geneigt ist« (ebd., 23). Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-476-05141-7 SN - 978-3-476-05142-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05142-4_39 SP - 156 EP - 158 PB - J.B. Metzler CY - Stuttgart ET - 2., aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage ER -