TY  - JOUR
A1  - Teichmann, Malte
A1  - Vladova, Gergana
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
T1  - Conception of subject-oriented learning
BT  - ameso-didactic design framework for learning scenarios for manufacturing
JF  - SSRN eLibrary / Social Science Research Network
N2  - Competence development must change at all didactic levels to meet the new requirements triggered by digitization. Unlike classic learning theories and the resulting popular approaches (e.g., sender-receiver model), future-oriented vocational training must include new learning theory impulses in the discussion about competence acquisition. On the one hand, these impulses are often very well elaborated on the theoretical side, but the transfer into innovative learning environments - such as learning factories - is often still missing. On the other hand, actual learning factory (design) approaches often concentrate primarily on the technical side. Subject-oriented learning theory enables the design of competence development-oriented vocational training projectsin learning factories in which persons can obtain relevant competencies for digitization. At the same time, such learning theory approaches assume a potentially infinite number of learning interests and reasons. Following this, competence development is always located in an institutional or organizational context. The paper conceptionally answers how this theoryimmanent challenge is synthesizable with the reality of organizationally competence development requirements.
KW  - subject-oriented learning
KW  - learning scenario for manufacturing
KW  - didactic framework
KW  - action problems
KW  - didactic concept
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4457995
SN  - 1556-5068
PB  - Social Science Electronic Publ.
CY  - [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Tjaden, Jasper
T1  - Measuring migration 2.0
BT  - a review of digital data sources
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - The interest in human migration is at its all-time high, yet data to measure migration is notoriously limited. “Big data” or “digital trace data” have emerged as new sources of migration measurement complementing ‘traditional’ census, administrative and survey data. This paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of eight novel, digital data sources along five domains: reliability, validity, scope, access and ethics. The review highlights the opportunities for migration scholars but also stresses the ethical and empirical challenges. This review intends to be of service to researchers and policy analysts alike and help them navigate this new and increasingly complex field.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 149 
KW  - Migration
KW  - Big data
KW  - Digital trace
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Survey
KW  - Review
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-553873
SN  - 1867-5808
IS  - 149
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Seržant, Ilja A.
A1  - Moroz, George A.
T1  - Universal attractors in language evolution provide evidence for the kinds of efficiency pressures involved
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe
N2  - Efficiency is central to understanding the communicative and cognitive underpinnings of language. However, efficiency management is a complex mechanism in which different efficiency effects-such as articulatory, processing and planning ease, mental accessibility, and informativity, online and offline efficiency effects-conspire to yield the coding of linguistic signs. While we do not yet exactly understand the interactional mechanism of these different effects, we argue that universal attractors are an important component of any dynamic theory of efficiency that would be aimed at predicting efficiency effects across languages. Attractors are defined as universal states around which language evolution revolves. Methodologically, we approach efficiency from a cross-linguistic perspective on the basis of a world-wide sample of 383 languages from 53 families, balancing all six macro-areas (Eurasia, North and South America, Australia, Africa, and Oceania). We explore the grammatical domain of verbal person-number subject indexes. We claim that there is an attractor state in this domain to which languages tend to develop and tend not to leave if they happen to comply with the attractor in their earlier stages of evolution. The attractor is characterized by different lengths for each person and number combination, structured along Zipf's predictions. Moreover, the attractor strongly prefers non-compositional, cumulative coding of person and number. On the basis of these and other properties of the attractor, we conclude that there are two domains in which efficiency pressures are most powerful: strive towards less processing and articulatory effort. The latter, however, is overridden by constant information flow. Strive towards lower lexicon complexity and memory costs are weaker efficiency pressures for this grammatical category due to its order of frequency.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 180 
KW  - Duration
KW  - Explanations
KW  - Redundancy
KW  - Pronouns
KW  - Usage
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-583976
SN  - 1866-8380
VL  - 9
IS  - 180
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Sultanow, Eldar
A1  - Koch, Christian
A1  - Cox, Sean
T1  - Collatz Sequences in the Light of Graph Theory
N2  - It is well known that the inverted Collatz sequence can be represented as a graph or a tree. Similarly, it is acknowledged that in order to prove the Collatz conjecture, one must demonstrate that this tree covers all odd natural numbers. A structured reachability analysis is hitherto unavailable. This paper investigates the problem from a graph theory perspective. We define a tree that consists of nodes labeled with Collatz sequence numbers. This tree will be transformed into a sub-tree that only contains odd labeled nodes. Furthermore, we derive and prove several formulas that can be used to traverse the graph. The analysis covers the Collatz problem both in it’s original form 3x + 1 as well as in the generalized variant kx + 1. Finally, we transform the Collatz graph into a binary tree, following the approach of Kleinnijenhuis, which could form the basis for a comprehensive proof of the conjecture.
KW  - Collatz Conjecture
KW  - Free Group
KW  - Multiplicative Group
KW  - Cyclic Group
KW  - Cayley Graph
KW  - Cycle
KW  - Tree
KW  - Binary Tree
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-482140
ET  - Fifth version
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Hoffmann, Lisa
A1  - Wilbert, Jürgen
A1  - Lehofer, Mike
A1  - Schwab, Susanne
T1  - Are we good friends?
BT  - Friendship preferences and the quantity and quality of mutual friendships
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Empirical studies already examined various facets of the friendship construct. Building on this, the present study examines the questions of how the number of friendships and their quality differ between students with and without SEN and whether a homophily-effect can be identified. The sample consists of 455 fourth-graders from 28 inclusive classes in Austria. The results indicate that students with SEN have fewer friends than students without SEN. Furthermore, students without SEN preferred peers without SEN as a friend. This homophily-effect was shown for students with SEN, too. However, students with and without SEN rated the quality of their friendships similarly and no interactions between the SEN status of oneself or of the friend was found for the quality of the friendship. The results show that, in the context of inclusion, the issue of friendship needs to be increasingly addressed to improve the situation of students with SEN.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 732 
KW  - social participation
KW  - friendship
KW  - quality of friendship
KW  - homophily
KW  - sociometric nomination
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525351
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hipp, Lena
T1  - Do hiring practices penalize women and benefit men for having children?
BT  - experimental evidence from Germany
JF  - European sociological review
N2  - Although observational studies from many countries have consistently shown that motherhood negatively affects women's wages, experimental findings on its effect on the likelihood of being hired are less conclusive. Motherhood penalties in hiring have been reported in the United States, the prototypical liberal market economy, but not in Sweden, the prototypical social-democratic welfare state. Based on a field experiment in Germany, this study examines the effects of parenthood on hiring processes in the prototypical conservative welfare state. My findings indicate that job recruitment processes indeed penalize women but not men for having children. In addition to providing theoretical explanations for why motherhood penalties in hiring are particularly likely to occur in the German context, this study also highlights several methodological and practical issues that should be considered when conducting correspondence studies to examine labour market discrimination.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz056
SN  - 0266-7215
SN  - 1468-2672
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - 250
EP  - 264
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Radenacker, Anke
T1  - Economic consequences of family dissolution
T1  - Die finanziellen Folgen von Familientrennung
BT  - comparing Germany and the United States since the 1980s, and married and cohabiting parents in Germany
BT  - Deutschland und die USA seit den 1980er Jahren im Vergleich, sowie verheiratete und unverheiratete Eltern in Deutschland im Vergleich
N2  - Welfare states and policies have changed greatly over the past decades, mostly characterized by retrenchments in terms of government spending or in terms of restricted access to certain benefits. In the area of family policies, however, a lot of countries have simultaneously expanded provisions and transfers for families. Bringing together the macro analysis of policy variation and household income changes on the micro-level, the main research question of the dissertation is to what extent economic consequences following separation and divorce in families with children have changed between the 1980s and the 2000s in Germany and the United States. The second research question of the dissertation regards the differences in dissolution outcomes between married and cohabiting parents in Germany.
The dissertation thus aims to link institutional regulations of welfare states with the actual income situation of families. To achieve this, a research design was developed that has never been used for the analysis of the economic consequences of family dissolution. For this, the two longest running panel datasets, German Socio-economic Panel (GSOEP) and the US American Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), have been used. The analytic strategy applied to estimate the effects of family dissolution on household income is a difference-in-difference design combined with coarsened exact matching (CEM).
To begin with, the dissertation confirmed many findings of previous research, for example regarding the gender differences in family dissolution outcomes. Mothers experience clearly higher relative income losses and consequently higher risks of poverty than fathers. This finding is universal, that is it holds for both countries, for all time periods observed, and for all measures of economic outcome that were employed. Another confirmed finding is the higher level of welfare state intervention in Germany compared to the United States.
The dissertation also revealed a number of novel findings. The results show that the expansion of family policies in Germany over time has not been accompanied by substantially decreasing income losses for mothers. Though income losses have slightly decreased over time, they have become more persistent during the years following family dissolution. The impact of the German welfare state has meanwhile been quite stable.
American mothers’ income losses took place on a slightly lower level than those of German mothers. Only during the 1980s their relative losses were clearly lower than those of German mothers. And also American mothers did not recover as much from their income losses during the 2000s than they used to during the 1980s. For them, the 1996 welfare reform brought a considerable decrease in welfare state support. Accordingly, the results for American mothers can certainly be described as a shift from public to private provision.
The general finding of previous studies that fathers do not have to suffer income losses, or if at all rather moderate ones compared to mothers, can be confirmed. Nevertheless, both German and US American fathers face a deterioration of the economic consequences of family dissolution over time. German fathers’ relative income changes are still positive though they have decreased over time. One reason for this decrease is the increasing loss of partner earnings following union dissolution. Also among American fathers, income gains still prevail in the year of family dissolution. Two years later, however, they have been facing income losses already since the 1980s which have furthermore increased considerably over time.
Zooming in on Germany, family dissolution outcomes by marital status show negligible differences between cohabiting and married mothers in disposable income, but considerable differences in losses of income before taxes and transfers. It is the impact of the welfare state that equalizes the differences in income losses between these two groups of mothers. For married mothers, losses are not as high in the year of event but they have difficulties to recover from these losses. Without the income buffering of the welfare state, married mothers would, three years after family dissolution, remain with relative income losses double as high as for cohabiting mothers.
Compared to mothers, differences between married and cohabiting fathers are visible in changes of income before as well as after taxes and transfers. The welfare state does not alter the difference between the two groups of fathers. With regard to both income concepts, cohabiting fathers fare worse than married fathers. Cohabiting fathers suffer moderate income losses of disposable income while married fathers experience moderate income gains. Accounting for support payments is decisive for fathers’ income changes. If these payments are not deducted from disposable income, both married and cohabiting fathers experience gains in disposable income following family dissolution.
N2  - Wohlfahrtsstaaten unterlagen in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten einem deutlichen Wandel, vor allem gekennzeichnet durch Ausgabenkürzungen oder durch Begrenzung des Zugangs zu Leistungen. Gleichzeitig hat es in vielen Ländern einen Ausbau von familienpolitischen Maßnahmen und Leistungen gegeben. Im Mittelpunkt der Dissertation steht die Frage ob und inwieweit sich die Einkommensfolgen nach einer Trennung der Eltern in US-amerikanischen und deutschen Familien mit Kindern vor dem Hintergrund dieses Wandels zwischen den 1980er und 2000er Jahren verändert haben. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bildet die Analyse der Einkommensfolgen von Familientrennung in Deutschland mit Blick auf den Familienstand der Eltern.
Um die Forschungsfragen zu beantworten, wurde ein für die Analyse der finanziellen Folgen von Familientrennung bislang noch nicht verwendetes Forschungsdesign entwickelt. Die angewendete Methode ist ein Difference-in-Difference Design in Kombination mit Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM). Dafür wurden die beiden längsten Paneldatensätze, das deutsche Sozio-Oekonomische Panel (SOEP) und die amerikanische Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), verwendet.
Zunächst hat die Dissertation viele Ergebnisse vorangegangener Forschung bestätigt, beispielsweise in Bezug auf die Geschlechterunterschiede in den finanziellen Folgen von Trennung und Scheidung. Mütter erleben deutlich höhere relative Einkommensverluste und sind folglich einem höheren Armutsrisiko ausgesetzt als Väter. Dieses Ergebnis gilt universell, das heißt für beide Länder, für alle untersuchten Zeiträume, und auch für alle hier verwendeten Einkommensmaße. Weiterhin konnte bestätigt werden, dass die wohlfahrtsstaatliche Unterstützung in Deutschland größer ist als in den USA.
Die Dissertation hat aber vor allem eine Vielzahl neuer Erkenntnisse hervorgebracht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich der Ausbau familienpolitischer Leistungen in Deutschland nicht in deutlich reduzierten Einkommensverlusten für Mütter wiederspiegelt. Obgleich die Einkommensverluste im Zeitverlauf etwas geringer wurden, wurden sie gleichzeitig persistenter in den Folgejahren nach einer Trennung. Die Abfederung der Einkommensverluste durch den Wohlfahrtsstaat ist währenddessen relativ stabil geblieben.
Die Einkommensverluste von amerikanischen Müttern haben auf einem etwas geringeren Niveau stattgefunden als jene von Müttern in Deutschland. Nur während der 1980er Jahre waren ihre Einkommensverluste deutlich geringer als die der deutschen Mütter. Auch amerikanische Mütter erholten sich in den 2000er Jahren nicht mehr so schnell von Einkommensverlusten wie noch in den 1980er Jahren. Für sie hat die Wohlfahrtsreform von 1996 zu einem deutlichen Rückgang an staatlicher Hilfe geführt. Entsprechend können die Ergebnisse für amerikanische Mütter durchaus als eine Verschiebung von öffentlichen hin zu privaten Maßnahmen der Bewältigung von Einkommensverlusten beschrieben werden.
Sowohl deutsche als auch amerikanische Väter sehen sich im Zeitverlauf mit einer Verschlechterung der Einkommensfolgen nach einer Trennung konfrontiert. Die relativen Einkommensveränderungen von deutschen Vätern sind immer noch positiv, wobei die Zuwächse über die Zeit abgenommen haben. Ein Grund für diesen Rückgang ist der zunehmende Verlust von Partnereinkommen nach einer Trennung. Auch bei amerikanischen Vätern finden sich weiterhin relative Gewinne im Jahr der Trennung. Allerdings sehen sie sich zwei Jahre danach Verlusten ausgesetzt, und zwar bereits seit den 1980er Jahren, welche im Zeitverlauf außerdem deutlich zugenommen haben.
Ein genauerer Blick auf Deutschland hat außerdem gezeigt, dass die Unterschiede in den Trennungsfolgen zwischen zum Zeitpunkt der Trennung verheirateten und unverheirateten Müttern vernachlässigbar sind, zumindest was das verfügbare Haushaltseinkommen betrifft. Allerdings gibt es deutliche Unterschiede in den Einkommensverlusten wenn das Einkommen vor Steuern und Transfers zur Beurteilung herangezogen wird. Es ist also der Wohlfahrtsstaat, der die Unterschiede in den Einkommensverlusten zwischen diesen Müttern angleicht. Verheiratete Mütter verlieren relativ betrachtet weniger Einkommen, haben aber mehr Schwierigkeiten sich von diesen Verlusten wieder zu erholen.
Im Vergleich zu Müttern sind die Unterschiede zwischen verheirateten und unverheirateten Vätern sowohl im verfügbaren Haushaltseinkommen als auch im Einkommen nach Steuern und Transfers deutlich sichtbar. Dabei ergeht es unverheirateten Vätern schlechter als verheirateten. Während verheiratete Väter leichte Gewinne im verfügbaren Haushaltseinkommen verzeichnen, müssen unverheiratete Väter leichte Verluste hinnehmen. Für die Ergebnisse von Vätern ist die Berücksichtigung von Unterhaltszahlungen entscheidend. Werden diese nicht vom Haushaltseinkommen abgezogen, dann erfahren sowohl verheiratete als auch unverheiratete Väter relative Gewinne nach einer Familientrennung.
KW  - family dissolution
KW  - separation
KW  - divorce
KW  - marital status
KW  - household income
KW  - poverty
KW  - Germany
KW  - United States
KW  - panel data
KW  - difference-in-difference
KW  - matching
KW  - Trennung
KW  - Scheidung
KW  - Familienstand
KW  - Haushaltseinkommen
KW  - Armut
KW  - Deutschland
KW  - USA
KW  - Difference-in-Difference
KW  - Matching
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100217
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kohler, Ulrich
T1  - Survey Research Methods during the COVID-19 Crisis
JF  - Survey research methods
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Survey Research Methods
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7769
SN  - 1864-3361
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
SP  - 93
EP  - 94
PB  - European Survey Research Association
CY  - Konstanz
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Sonat, Duygu
T1  - Institutional change in the Turkish Social Assistance System
BT  - National Reforms, Street-Lavel Practices
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Tattarini, Giulia
T1  - A job is good, but is a good job healthier?
BT  - Longitudinal analyses on the health consequences of unemployment and precarious employment in Europe
N2  - What are the consequences of unemployment and precarious employment for individuals' health in Europe? What are the moderating factors that may offset (or increase) the health consequences of labor-market risks? How do the effects of these risks vary across different contexts, which differ in their institutional and cultural settings? Does gender, regarded as a social structure, play a role, and how? To answer these questions is the aim of my cumulative thesis. This study aims to advance our knowledge about the health consequences that unemployment and precariousness cause over the life course. In particular, I investigate how several moderating factors, such as gender, the family, and the broader cultural and institutional context, may offset or increase the impact of employment instability and insecurity on individual health. 
In my first paper, 'The buffering role of the family in the relationship between job loss and self-perceived health: Longitudinal results from Europe, 2004-2011', I and my co-authors  measure the causal effect of job loss on health and the role of the family and welfare states (regimes) as moderating factors. Using EU-SILC longitudinal data (2004-2011), we estimate the probability of experiencing 'bad health' following a transition to unemployment by applying linear probability models and undertake separate analyses for men and women. Firstly, we measure whether changes in the independent variable 'job loss' lead to changes in the dependent variable 'self-rated health' for men and women separately. Then, by adding into the model different interaction terms, we measure the moderating effect of the family, both in terms of emotional and economic support, and how much it varies across different welfare regimes. As an identification strategy, we first implement static fixed-effect panel models, which control for time-varying observables and indirect health selection—i.e., constant unobserved heterogeneity. Secondly, to control for reverse causality and path dependency, we implement dynamic fixed-effect panel models, adding a lagged dependent variable to the model. 
We explore the role of the family by focusing on close ties within households: we consider the presence of a stable partner and his/her working status as a source of social and economic support. According to previous literature, having a partner should reduce the stress from adverse events, thanks to the symbolic and emotional dimensions that such a relationship entails, regardless of any economic benefits. Our results, however, suggest that benefits linked to the presence of a (female) partner also come from the financial stability that (s)he can provide in terms of a second income. Furthermore, we find partners' employment to be at least as important as the mere presence of the partner in reducing the negative effect of job loss on the individual's health by maintaining the household's standard of living and decreasing economic strain on the family. Our results are in line with previous research, which has highlighted that some people cope better than others with adverse life circumstances, and the support provided by the family is a crucial resource in that regard. 
We also reported an important interaction between the family and the welfare state in moderating the health consequences of unemployment, showing how the compensation effect of the family varies across welfare regimes. The family plays a decisive role in cushioning the adverse consequences of labor market risks in Southern and Eastern welfare states, characterized by less developed social protection systems and –especially the Southern – high level of familialism. 
The first paper also found important gender differences concerning job loss, family and welfare effects. Of particular interest is the evidence suggesting that health selection works differently for men and women, playing a more prominent role for women than for men in explaining the relationship between job loss and self-perceived health. The second paper,  'Gender roles and selection mechanisms across contexts: A comparative analysis of the relationship between unemployment, self-perceived health, and gender.' investigates more in-depth the gender differential in health driven by unemployment. 
Being a highly contested issue in literature, we aim to study whether men are more penalized than women or the other way around and the mechanisms that may explain the gender difference. To do that, we rely on two theoretical arguments: the availability of alternative roles and social selection. The first argument builds on the idea that men and women may compensate for the detrimental health consequences of unemployment through the commitment to 'alternative roles,' which can provide for the resources needed to fulfill people's socially constructed needs. Notably, the availability of alternative options depends on the different positions that men and women have in society.
Further, we merge the availability of the 'alternative roles' argument with the health selection argument. We assume that health selection could be contingent on people's social position as defined by gender and, thus, explain the gender differential in the relationship between unemployment and health. Ill people might be less reluctant to fall or remain (i.e., self-select) in unemployment if they have alternative roles. In Western societies, women generally have more alternative roles than men and thus more discretion in their labor market attachment. Therefore, health selection should be stronger for them, explaining why unemployment is less menace for women than for their male counterparts.
Finally, relying on the idea of different gender regimes, we extended these arguments to comparison across contexts. For example, in contexts where being a caregiver is assumed to be women's traditional and primary roles and the primary breadwinner role is reserved to men, unemployment is less stigmatized, and taking up alternative roles is more socially accepted for women than for men (Hp.1). Accordingly, social (self)selection should be stronger for women than for men in traditional contexts, where, in the case of ill-health, the separation from work is eased by the availability of alternative roles (Hp.2). 
By focusing on contexts that are representative of different gender regimes, we implement a multiple-step comparative approach. Firstly, by using EU-SILC longitudinal data (2004-2015), our analysis tests gender roles and selection mechanisms for Sweden and Italy, representing radically different gender regimes, thus providing institutional and cultural variation. Then, we limit institutional heterogeneity by focusing on Germany and comparing East- and West-Germany and older and younger cohorts—for West-Germany (SOEP data 1995-2017). Next, to assess the differential impact of unemployment for men and women, we compared (unemployed and employed) men with (unemployed and employed) women. To do so, we calculate predicted probabilities and average marginal effect from two distinct random-effects probit models. Our first step is estimating random-effects models that assess the association between unemployment and self-perceived health, controlling for observable characteristics. In the second step, our fully adjusted model controls for both direct and indirect selection. We do this using dynamic correlated random-effects (CRE) models. Further, based on the fully adjusted model, we test our hypotheses on alternative roles (Hp.1) by comparing several contexts – models are estimated separately for each context. For this hypothesis, we pool men and women and include an interaction term between unemployment and gender, which has the advantage to allow for directly testing whether gender differences in the effect of unemployment exist and are statistically significant. Finally, we test the role of selection mechanisms (Hp.2), using the KHB method to compare coefficients across nested nonlinear models. Specifically, we test the role of selection for the relationship between unemployment and health by comparing the partially-adjusted and fully-adjusted models. To allow selection mechanisms to operate differently between genders, we estimate separate models for men and women. 
We found support to our first hypotheses—the context where people are embedded structures the relationship between unemployment, health, and gender. We found no gendered effect of unemployment on health in the egalitarian context of Sweden. Conversely, in the traditional context of Italy, we observed substantive and statistically significant gender differences in the effect of unemployment on bad health, with women suffering less than men. We found the same pattern for comparing East and West Germany and younger and older cohorts in West Germany. 
On the contrary, our results did not support our theoretical argument on social selection. We found that in Sweden, women are more selected out of employment than men. In contrast, in Italy, health selection does not seem to be the primary mechanism behind the gender differential—Italian men and women seem to be selected out of employment to the same extent. Namely, we do not find any evidence that health selection is stronger for women in more traditional countries (Hp2), despite the fact that the institutional and the cultural context would offer them a more comprehensive range of 'alternative roles' relative to men. Moreover, our second hypothesis is also rejected in the second and third comparisons, where the cross-country heterogeneity is reduced to maximize cultural differences within the same institutional context. Further research that addresses selection into inactivity is needed to evaluate the interplay between selection and social roles across gender regimes.
While the health consequences of unemployment have been on the research agenda for a pretty long time, the interest in precarious employment—defined as the linking of the vulnerable worker to work that is characterized by uncertainty and insecurity concerning pay, the stability of the work arrangement, limited access to social benefits, and statutory protections—has emerged only later. Since the 80s, scholars from different disciplines have raised concerns about the social consequences of de-standardization of employment relationships. However, while work has become undoubtedly more precarious, very little is known about its causal effect on individual health and the role of gender as a moderator. These questions are at the core of my third paper : 'Bad job, bad health? A longitudinal analysis of the interaction between precariousness, gender and self-perceived health in Germany'. Herein, I investigate the multidimensional nature of precarious employment and its causal effect on health, particularly focusing on gender differences.
 With this paper, I aim at overcoming three major shortcomings of earlier studies: The first one regards the cross-sectional nature of data that prevents the authors from ruling out unobserved heterogeneity as a mechanism for the association between precarious employment and health. Indeed, several unmeasured individual characteristics—such as cognitive abilities—may confound the relationship between precarious work and health, leading to biased results. Secondly, only a few studies have directly addressed the role of gender in shaping the relationship. Moreover, available results on the gender differential are mixed and inconsistent: some found precarious employment being more detrimental for women's health, while others found no gender differences or stronger negative association for men. Finally, previous attempts to an empirical translation of the employment precariousness (EP) concept have not always been coherent with their theoretical framework. EP is usually assumed to be a multidimensional and continuous phenomenon; it is characterized by different dimensions of insecurity that may overlap in the same job and lead to different "degrees of precariousness." However, researchers have predominantly focused on one-dimensional indicators—e.g., temporary employment, subjective job insecurity—to measure EP and study the association with health. Besides the fact that this approach partially grasps the phenomenon's complexity, the major problem is the inconsistency of evidence that it has produced. Indeed, this line of inquiry generally reveals an ambiguous picture, with some studies finding substantial adverse effects of temporary over permanent employment, while others report only minor differences. 
To measure the (causal) effect of precarious work on self-rated health and its variation by gender, I focus on Germany and use four waves from SOEP data (2003, 2007, 2011, and 2015). Germany is a suitable context for my study. Indeed, since the 1980s, the labor market and welfare system have been restructured in many ways to increase the German economy's competitiveness in the global market. As a result, the (standard) employment relationship has been de-standardized: non-standard and atypical employment arrangements—i.e., part-time work, fixed-term contracts, mini-jobs, and work agencies—have increased over time while wages have lowered, even among workers with standard work. In addition, the power of unions has also fallen over the last three decades, leaving a large share of workers without collective protection. Because of this process of de-standardization, the link between wage employment and strong social rights has eroded, making workers more powerless and more vulnerable to labor market risks than in the past. EP refers to this uneven distribution of power in the employment relationship, which can be detrimental to workers' health. Indeed, by affecting individuals' access to power and other resources, EP puts precarious workers at risk of experiencing health shocks and influences their ability to gain and accumulate health advantages (Hp.1).
Further, the focus on Germany allows me to investigate my second research question on the gender differential. Germany is usually regarded as a traditionalist gender regime: a context characterized by a configuration of roles. Here, being a caregiver is assumed to be women's primary role, whereas the primary breadwinner role is reserved for men. Although many signs of progress have been made over the last decades towards a greater equalization of opportunities and more egalitarianism, the breadwinner model has barely changed towards a modified version. Thus, women usually take on the double role of workers (the so-called secondary earner) and caregivers, and men still devote most of their time to paid work activities. Moreover, the overall upward trend towards more egalitarian gender ideologies has leveled off over the last decades, moving notably towards more traditional gender ideologies. 
In this setting, two alternative hypotheses are possible. Firstly, I assume that the negative relationship between EP and health is stronger for women than for men. This is because women are systematically more disadvantaged than men in the public and private spheres of life, having less access to formal and informal sources of power. These gender-related power asymmetries may interact with EP-related power asymmetries resulting in a stronger effect of EP on women's health than on men's health (Hp.2).
An alternative way of looking at the gender differential is to consider the interaction that precariousness might have with men's and women's gender identities. According to this view, the negative relationship between EP and health is weaker for women than for men (Hp.2a). In a society with a gendered division of labor and a strong link between masculine identities and stable and well-rewarded job—i.e., a job that confers the role of primary family provider—a male worker with precarious employment might violate the traditional male gender role. Men in precarious jobs may perceive themselves (and by others) as possessing a socially undesirable characteristic, which conflicts with the stereotypical idea of themselves as the male breadwinner. Engaging in behaviors that contradict stereotypical gender identity may decrease self-esteem and foster feelings of inferiority, helplessness, and jealousy, leading to poor health. 
I develop a new indicator of EP that empirically translates a definition of EP as a multidimensional and continuous phenomenon. I assume that EP is a latent construct composed of seven dimensions of insecurity chosen according to the theory and previous empirical research: Income insecurity, social insecurity, legal insecurity, employment insecurity, working-time insecurity, representation insecurity, worker's vulnerability. The seven dimensions are proxied by eight indicators available in the four waves of the SOEP dataset. The EP composite indicator is obtained by performing a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) on the eight indicators. This approach aims to construct a summary scale in which all dimensions contribute jointly to the measured experience of precariousness and its health impact.
Further, the relationship between EP and 'general self-perceived health' is estimated by applying ordered probit random-effects estimators and calculating average marginal effect (further AME). Then, to control for unobserved heterogeneity, I implement correlated random-effects models that add to the model the within-individual means of the time-varying independent variables. To test the significance of the gender differential, I add an interaction term between EP and gender in the fully adjusted model in the pooled sample.
My correlated random-effects models showed EP's negative and substantial 'effect' on self-perceived health for both men and women. Although nonsignificant, the evidence seems in line with previous cross-sectional literature. It supports the hypothesis that employment precariousness could be detrimental to workers' health. Further, my results showed the crucial role of unobserved heterogeneity in shaping the health consequences of precarious employment. This is particularly important as evidence accumulates, yet it is still mostly descriptive.
Moreover, my results revealed a substantial difference among men and women in the relationship between EP and health: when EP increases, the risk of experiencing poor health increases much more for men than for women. This evidence falsifies previous theory according to whom the gender differential is contingent on the structurally disadvantaged position of women in western societies. In contrast, they seem to confirm the idea that men in precarious work could experience role conflict to a larger extent than women, as their self-standard is supposed to be the stereotypical breadwinner worker with a good and well-rewarded job. Finally, results from the multiple correspondence analysis contribute to the methodological debate on precariousness, showing that a multidimensional and continuous indicator can express a latent variable of EP.
All in all, complementarities are revealed in the results of unemployment and employment precariousness, which have two implications: Policy-makers need to be aware that the total costs of unemployment and precariousness go far beyond the economic and material realm penetrating other fundamental life domains such as individual health. Moreover, they need to balance the trade-off between protecting adequately unemployed people and fostering high-quality employment in reaction to the highlighted market pressures. In this sense, the further development of a (universalistic) welfare state certainly helps mitigate the adverse health effects of unemployment and, therefore, the future costs of both individuals' health and welfare spending. In addition, the presence of a working partner is crucial for reducing the health consequences of employment instability. Therefore, policies aiming to increase female labor market participation should be promoted, especially in those contexts where the welfare state is less developed. 
Moreover, my results support the significance of taking account of a gender perspective in health research. The findings of the three articles show that job loss, unemployment, and precarious employment, in general, have adverse effects on men's health but less or absent consequences for women's health. Indeed, this suggests the importance of labor and health policies that consider and further distinguish the specific needs of the male and female labor force in Europe. Nevertheless, a further implication emerges: the health consequences of employment instability and de-standardization need to be investigated in light of the gender arrangements and the transforming gender relationships in specific cultural and institutional contexts. My results indeed seem to suggest that women's health advantage may be a transitory phenomenon, contingent on the predominant gendered institutional and cultural context. As the structural difference between men's and women's position in society is eroded, egalitarianism becomes the dominant normative status, so will probably be the gender difference in the health consequences of job loss and precariousness. Therefore, while gender equality in opportunities and roles is a desirable aspect for contemporary societies and a political goal that cannot be postponed further, this thesis raises a further and maybe more crucial question: What kind of equality should be pursued to provide men and women with both good life quality and equal chances in the public and private spheres? In this sense, I believe that social and labor policies aiming to reduce gender inequality in society should focus on improving women's integration into the labor market, implementing policies targeting men, and facilitating their involvement in the private sphere of life. Equal redistribution of social roles could activate a crucial transformation of gender roles and the cultural models that sustain and still legitimate gender inequality in Western societies.
KW  - unemployment
KW  - employment precariousness
KW  - self-rated health
KW  - gender
KW  - family
KW  - welfare and gender regimes
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-536723
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinze, Peter Eric
A1  - Fatfouta, Ramzi
A1  - Schröder-Abe, Michela
T1  - Validation of an implicit measure of antagonistic narcissism
JF  - Journal of research in personality
N2  - Narcissism has traditionally been assessed using explicit measures, yet contemporary measures are limited in their ability to capture people's automatic (i.e., implicit) self-evaluations. Here, we propose the antagonistic narcissism Implicit Association Test (AN-IAT). Three studies (N = 1082) using self-, informant-reports, and other implicit measures tested the psychometric properties of the AN-IAT. The AN-IAT showed high internal consistency and good temporal stability. The measure was positively associated with (antagonistic) narcissism, aggression, and lack of empathy, but unrelated to communal, pathological, and agentic narcissism as well as self-esteem. The AN-IAT predicted self- and informantratings of aggression and empathy beyond self-reports of antagonistic and agentic narcissism, and agreeableness. Together, the antagonistic narcissism IAT is a promising addition to the assessment of narcissism.
KW  - narcissism
KW  - antagonistic
KW  - implicit self-concept of personality
KW  - IAT
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103993
SN  - 0092-6566
SN  - 1095-7251
VL  - 88
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rikani, Albano
A1  - Schewe, Jacob
T1  - Global bilateral migration projections accounting for diasporas, transit and return flows, and poverty constraints
JF  - Demographic research
N2  - BACKGROUND
Anticipating changes in international migration patterns is useful for demographic studies and for designing policies that support the well-being of those involved. Existing forecasting methods do not account for a number of stylized facts that emerge from large-scale migration observations and theories: existing migrant communities - diasporas - act to lower migration costs and thereby provide a mechanism of self-amplification; return migration and transit migration are important components of global migration flows; and poverty constrains emigration.

OBJECTIVE
Here we present hindcasts and future projections of international migration that explicitly account for these nonlinear features.

METHODS
We develop a dynamic model that simulates migration flows by origin, destination, and place of birth. We calibrate the model using recently constructed global datasets of bilateral migration. 

RESULTS
We show that the model reproduces past patterns and trends well based only on initial migrant stocks and changes in national incomes. We then project migration flows under future scenarios of global socioeconomic development.

CONCLUSIONS
Different assumptions about income levels and between-country inequality lead to markedly different migration trajectories, with migration flows either converging towards net zero if incomes in presently poor countries catch up with the rest of the world; or remaining high or even rising throughout the 21st century if economic development is slower and more unequal. Importantly, diasporas induce significant inertia and sizable return migration flows.
KW  - diaspora
KW  - international migration
KW  - migration transition
KW  - return migration
KW  - simulation model
KW  - transit migration
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2021.45.4
SN  - 2363-7064
VL  - 45
SP  - 87
EP  - 140
PB  - Max Planck Inst. for Demographic Research
CY  - Rostock
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sælen, Håkon
A1  - Hovi, Jon
A1  - Sprinz, Detlef F.
A1  - Underdal, Arild
T1  - How US withdrawal might influence cooperation under the Paris climate agreement
JF  - Environmental science & policy
N2  - Using a novel agent-based model, we study how US withdrawal might influence the political process established by the Paris Agreement, and hence the prospects for reaching the collective goal to limit warming below 2 degrees C. Our model enables us to analyze to what extent reaching this goal despite US withdrawal would place more stringent requirements on other core elements of the Paris cooperation process. We find, first, that the effect of a US withdrawal depends critically on the extent to which member countries reciprocate others' promises and contributions. Second, while the 2 degrees C goal will likely be reached only under a very small set of conditions in any event, even temporary US withdrawal will further narrow this set significantly. Reaching this goal will then require other countries to step up their ambition at the first opportunity and to comply nearly 100% with their pledges, while maintaining high confidence in the Paris Agreements institutions. Third, although a US withdrawal will first primarily affect the United States' own emissions, it will eventually prove even more detrimental to other countries' emissions.
KW  - climate change
KW  - Paris agreement
KW  - President Trump
KW  - 2 degrees C target
KW  - agent-based modeling
KW  - reciprocity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.03.011
SN  - 1462-9011
SN  - 1873-6416
VL  - 108
SP  - 121
EP  - 132
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
ED  - Fitzi, Gregor
ED  - Mackert, Jürgen
ED  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Concepts and theory
JF  - Populism and the crisis of democracy
N2  - There is no threat to Western democracies today comparable to the rise of right-wing populism. While it has played an increasing role at least since the 1990s, only the social consequences of the global financial crises in 2008 have given it its break that led to UK’s ‘Brexit’ and the election of Donald Trump as US President in 2016, as well as promoting what has been called left populism in countries that were hit the hardest by both the banking crisis and consequential neo-liberal austerity politics in the EU, such as Greece and Portugal.

In 2017, the French Front National (FN) attracted many voters in the French Presidential elections; we have seen the radicalization of the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in Germany and the formation of centre-right government in Austria. Further, we have witnessed the consolidation of autocratic regimes, as in the EU member states Poland and Greece. All these manifestations of right-wing populism share a common feature: they attack or even compromise the core elements of democratic societies such as the separation of powers, protection of minorities, or the rule of law.

Despite a broad debate on the re-emergence of ‘populism’ in the transition from the twentieth to the twenty-first century that has brought forth many interesting findings, a lack of sociological reasoning cannot be denied, as sociology itself withdrew from theorising populism decades ago and largely left the field to political sciences and history. In a sense, Populism and the Crisis of Democracy considers itself  a contribution to begin filling this lacuna. Written in a direct and clear style, this set of volumes will be an invaluable reference for students and scholars in the field of political theory, political sociology and European Studies.

This volume Concepts and Theory offers new and fresh perspectives on the debate on populism. Starting from complaints about the problems of conceptualising populism that in recent years have begun to revolve around themselves, the chapters offer a fundamental critique of the term and concept of populism, theoretically inspired typologies and descriptions of currently dominant concepts, and ways to elaborate on them. With regard to theory, the volume offers approaches that exceed the disciplinary horizon of political science that so far has dominated the debate. As sociological theory so far has been more or less absent in the debate on populism, only few efforts have been made to discuss populism more intensely within different theoretical contexts in order to explain its dynamics and processes. Thus, this volume offers critical views on the debate on populism from the perspectives of political economy and the analysis of critical historical events, the links of analyses of populism with social movement mobilisation, the significance of ‘superfluous populations’ in the rise of populism and an analysis of the exclusionary character of populism from the perspective of the theory of social closure.
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-138-09136-8
SN  - 978-1-315-10807-0
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315108070
VL  - 1
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Mackert, Jürgen
ED  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Political Economy
T3  - The transformation of citizenship
N2  - The Transformation of Citizenship addresses the basic question of how we can make sense of citizenship in the twenty-first century. These volumes make a strong plea for a reorientation of the sociology of citizenship and address serious threats of an ongoing erosion of citizenship rights. Arguing from different scientific perspectives, rather than offering new conceptions of citizenship as supposedly more adequate models of rights, membership and belonging, they deal with both the ways citizenship is transformed and the ways it operates in the face of fundamentally transformed conditions.

This volume Political Economy discusses manifold consequences of a decades-long enforcement of neo-liberalism for the rights of citizens. As neo-liberalism not only means a new form of economic system, it has to be conceived of as an entirely new form of global, regional and national governance that radically transforms economic, political and social relations in society. Its consequences for citizenship as a social institution are no less than dramatic. Against the background of both manifest and ideological processes the book looks at if citizenship has lost the basis it has rested upon for decades, or if the institution itself is in a process of being fundamentally transformed and restructured, thereby changing its meaning and the significance of citizens’ rights. This book will appeal to academics working in the field of political theory, political sociology and European studies.
Y1  - 2017
SN  - 978-1-138-67290-1 (print)
SN  - 978-1-315-56228-5 (online)
IS  - 1
PB  - Routledge Taylor
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Mackert, Jürgen
A1  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Introduction
BT  - a politcal economy of citizenship
T2  - The Transformation of Citizenship : Volume 1 Political Economy
N2  - In the course of the last four decades, neo-liberalism has established itself as the dominant form of governing both national societies and global affairs. On the foundation of both Keynesian economic policies and the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates among currencies, the world economy recovered. The classical sociological meaning and concept of citizenship as defined by T. H. Marshall and others after World War II rests on an analysis of the relationship between the capitalist economy and political democracy against the background of 'embedded liberalism'. Today, however, the enforcement of neo-liberal principles in order to turn modern democracies into 'market societies' impinges heavily on our idea of citizenship. The critical aspects of a flawed citizenship go directly to the heart of the idea of citizenship itself, as both democratic and social participation and a substantial conception of individual liberty all seem to be under attack from the global politico-economic regime.
Y1  - 2017
SN  - 978-1-138-67290-1 (print)
SN  - 978-1-315-56228-5 (online)
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315562285
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Routledge Taylor
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Mackert, Jürgen
ED  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Struggle, Resistance and Violence
T3  - The transformation of citizenship
N2  - This volume Struggle, Resistance and Violence examines the fact that all over the world the rights of citizens have come under enormous pressure and addresses the many ways in which people are ‘making claims’ against both autocratic and democratic authority. Without any doubt rule-breaking, riots and violent upheavals have become an aspect of political struggles for citizenship. The book takes up a conflict perspective that directs attention to these recent phenomena. It stresses the necessity of a careful analysis of resistance and violence as critical factors for coming to terms with social conflicts for citizenship from Europe to South America, as well as the Near East, the Far East and the Arab World
Y1  - 2017
SN  - 978-1-138-67288-8 (print)
SN  - 978-1-317-20385-8 (online)
IS  - 3
PB  - Routledge Taylor
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Mackert, Jürgen
ED  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Boundaries of Inclusion and Exclusion
T3  - The transformation of citizenship
N2  - This volume Boundaries of Inclusion and Exclusion examines the many different and newly emerging ways in which citizenship refers to spatial, symbolic and social boundaries. Today, in the context of citizenship we face processes of inclusion and exclusion on national and supranational level but no less on the level of groups and individuals. The book addresses these different levels and discusses processes of inclusion and exclusion with regard to spatial, social and symbolic boundaries referring to such different problems as political participation, migration, or identity with regard to religion or the EU. This book will appeal to academics working in the field of political theory, political sociology and European studies.
Y1  - 2017
SN  - 978-1-138-67289-5 (print)
SN  - 978-1-315-56226-1 (online)
IS  - 2
PB  - Routledge Taylor
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Mackert, Jürgen
T1  - Why we need a new political economy of citizenship: neo-liberalism, the bank crisis and the 'Panama Papers'
T2  - The Transformation of Citizenship : Political Economy
Y1  - 2017
SN  - 978-1-138-67290-1 (print)
SN  - 978-1-315-56228-5 (online)
IS  - 1
SP  - 99
EP  - 117
PB  - Routledge Taylor
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Turner, Bryan S.
ED  - Wolf, Hannah
ED  - Fitzi, Gregor
ED  - Mackert, Jürgen
T1  - Theories and concepts
T3  - Urban change and citizenship in times of crisis
N2  - Urban Change and Citizenship in Times of Crisis addresses the fact that in the beginning of the twenty-first century the majority of the world’s population is urbanised, a social fact that has turned cities more than ever into focal sites of social change. Multiple economic and political strategies, employed by a variety of individual and collective actors, on a number of scales, constitute cities as contested spaces that hold opportunities as well as restrictions for their inhabitants. While cities and urban spaces have long been of central concern for the social sciences, today, classical sociological questions about the city acquire new meaning: Can cities be spaces of emancipation, or does life in the modern city entail a corrosion of citizenship rights? Is the city the focus of societal transformation processes, or do urban environments lose importance in shaping social reality and economic relationships? Furthermore, new questions urgently need to be asked: What is the impact of different historical phenomena such as neo-liberal restructuring, financial and economic crises, or migration flows, as well as their respective counter-movements, on the structure of contemporary cities and on the citizenship rights of city inhabitants? The three volumes address such crucial questions thereby opening up new spaces of debate on both the city and new developments of urbanism.

The contributions to Theories and Concepts offer new theoretical reflections on the city in a philosophical and historical perspective as well as fresh empirical analyses of social life in urban contexts. Chapters not only critically revisit classical and modern philosophical considerations about the nature of cities but no less discuss normative philosophical reflections of urban life and the role of religion in historical processes of the emergence of cities. Composed around the question whether there can be such a thing as a ‘successful city’, this volume addresses issues of urban political subjectivities by considering the city’s role in historical processes of emancipation, the fight for citizenship rights, and today’s challenges and opportunities with regard to promoting social justice, integration, and diversity. Consequentially, theory-driven empirical analyses offer new insight into ways of solving problems in urban contexts and a genuine approach to analyse the Social Quality in cities.
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-0-367-20562-1
SN  - 978-0-429-26226-5
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429262265
VL  - 1
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Mackert, Jürgen
A1  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Introduction
BT  - citizenship and political struggle
T2  - The Transformation of Citizenship : Volume 3 Struggle, Resistance and Violence
N2  - The history of citizenship is one of social struggle against pre-modern authorities, nobles and aristocracies, of class struggles and the demands of social movements, and no less of cultural, ethnic, indigenous protests against the long history of colonialism. Paths to citizenship in Europe have taken very different directions, as Charles Tilly has shown with regard to England, the Netherlands, Russia or Prussia. Max Weber's dictum of defining the state by the accomplishment of the monopolisation of the legitimate means of violence is of utmost significance for the history of citizenship. There can be no doubt that the experience of World War II prepared the ground for the twentieth-century idea of citizenship. Consequently the Western concept of citizenship has been promoted as a role model in the march towards modernity as peaceful, democratic and universalistic. Finally, this chapter presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book.
Y1  - 2017
SN  - 978-1-138-67288-8 (print)
SN  - 978-1-315-56227-8 (online)
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315562278
IS  - 3
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - Routledge Taylor
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Mackert, Jürgen
A1  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Introduction
BT  - citizenship and its boundaries
T2  - The Transformation of Citizenship : Volume 2 Boundaries of Inclusion and Exclusion
N2  - This introduction presents an overview of the concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book examines the role of Frontex in the European Union as an agency to protect its external borders in the Mediterranean from irregular or 'illegal' migration. It discusses that Europe is an arrangement for European citizens only – and for some privileged non-citizens as in the Swiss case. The book explains the points to the possibility of a transnational membership regime that, however, bears certain antinomies that also point to unresolved problems. It offers an interesting view on the symbolic boundary between the citizen and the consumer, discussing this nexus from the perspective of citizenship studies, consumer culture and surveillance studies. Among the many far-reaching transformations that both societies and citizens have faced in recent years, the European migration crisis has most urgently brought to mind the fact that modern citizenship has always been about boundaries and about processes of inclusion and exclusion
Y1  - 2017
SN  - 978-1-138-67289-5 (print)
SN  - 978-1-315-56226-1 (online)
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315562261
IS  - 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - Routledge Taylor
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rolfes, Manfred
A1  - Wilhelm, Jan Lorenz
T1  - Urban complexity and urban change
BT  - Co-irritation, co-evolution and co-design with the Potsdam lodestar approach
JF  - Urban Change and Citizenship in Times of Crisis
N2  - The chapter illustrates how cities can be understood from a system–theory perspective as complex social systems. It argues that the classical and linear intervention methods are often no (longer) suitable for the complex structure, temporal dynamics and multifaceted processuality of urban development. It offers a systemic and systems theory-inspired method as an alternative approach, which allows for extended possibilities that are more appropriate for dealing with urban development processes. The method was developed on the basis of practical experience and theoretical insights. The approach should demonstrate for local decision-makers potential areas of activity for organising urban changes through co-design.
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-0-429-26226-5
SN  - 978-0-367-20562-1
SP  - 135
EP  - 155
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Turner, Bryan S.
ED  - Wolf, Hannah
ED  - Fitzi, Gregor
ED  - Mackert, Jürgen
T1  - Figurations of conflict and resistance
T3  - Urban change and citizenship in times of crisis
N2  - At times of triumphant neo-liberalism cities increasingly become objects of financial speculation. Formally, social and political rights might not be abolished, yet factually they have become inaccessible for large parts of the population. The contributions gathered in this volume shed light on the clash between the perspectives of restructuring and reordering urban environments in the interest of investors and the manifold and innovative agencies of resistance that claim and stand up for the rights of urban citizenship. Renewed waves of urban transformation employ state coercion to foster the expulsion of poor and marginalised inhabitants from those urban spaces that attract interest from speculators. The intervention of state agencies triggers the work of hegemonic culture for reframing the housing issue and implementing moral and political legitimation, as well as legislation that restricts urban citizenship rights. The case studies of the volume comparatively show the different and sometimes contradictory patterns of these conflicts in Berlin, Sydney, Belfast, Jerusalem, Amsterdam, and İstanbul as well as in metropoles of Latin America and China. Innovative resistance agencies emerge that paint possible paths for the re-establishment of the right to the city as the core of urban citizenship.
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-0-429-26230-2
SN  - 978-0-367-20567-6
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429262302
VL  - 3
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Ssembatya, Anthony
T1  - Dual Citizenship: A comparative study of Kenya and Uganda
T1  - Doppelte Staatsbürgerschaft: eine vergleichende Studie über Kenia und Uganda
N2  - Kenya  and Uganda  are amongst the countries that, for different historical, political, and economic reasons, have embarked on law reform processes as regards to citizenship. In 2009, Uganda made provisions in its laws to allow citizens to have dual citizenship while Kenya’s 2010 constitution similarly introduced it, and at the same time, a general prohibition on dual citizenship was lifted, that is, a ban on state officers, including the President and Deputy President, being dual nationals (Manby, 2018).

Against this background, I analysed the reasons for which these countries that previously held stringent laws and policies against dual citizenship, made a shift in a close time proximity. Given their geo-political roles, location, regional, continental, and international obligations, I conducted a comparative study on the processes, actors, impact, and effect. A specific period of 2000 to 2010 was researched, that is, from when the debates for law reforms emerged, to the processes being implemented, the actors, and the implications.

According to Rubenstein (2000, p. 520), citizenship is observed in terms of “political institutions” that are free to act according to the will of, in the interests of, or with authority over, their citizenry. Institutions are emergent national or international, higher-order factors above the individual spectrum, having the interests and political involvement of their actors without requiring recurring collective mobilisation or imposing intervention to realise these regularities. Transnational institutions are organisations with authority beyond single governments. Given their International obligations, I analysed the role of the UN, AU, and EAC in influencing the citizenship debates and reforms in Kenya and Uganda. Further, non-state actors, such as civil society, were considered.

Veblen, (1899) describes institutions as a set of settled habits of thought common to the generality of men. Institutions function only because the rules involved are rooted in shared habits of thought and behaviour although there is some ambiguity in the definition of the term “habit”. Whereas abstracts and definitions depend on different analytical procedures, institutions restrain some forms of action and facilitate others. Transnational institutions both restrict and aid behaviour. The famous “invisible hand” is nothing else but transnational institutions. Transnational theories, as applied to politics, posit two distinct forms that are of influence over policy and political action (Veblen, 1899). This influence and durability of institutions is “a function of the degree to which they are instilled in political actors at the individual or organisational level, and the extent to which they thereby “tie up” material resources and networks. Against this background, transitional networks with connection to Kenya and Uganda were considered alongside the diaspora from these two countries and their role in the debate and reforms on Dual citizenship.

Sterian (2013, p. 310) notes that Nation states may be vulnerable to institutional influence and this vulnerability can pose a threat to a nation’s autonomy, political legitimacy, and to the democratic public law. Transnational institutions sometimes “collide with the sovereignty of the state when they create new structures for regulating cross-border relationships”. However, Griffin (2003) disagrees that transnational institutional behaviour is premised on the principles of neutrality, impartiality, and independence. Transnational institutions have become the main target of the lobby groups and civil society, consequently leading to excessive politicisation. Kenya and Uganda are member states not only of the broader African union but also of the E.A.C which has adopted elements of socio-economic uniformity.  Therefore, in the comparative analysis, I examine the role of the East African Community and its partners in the dual citizenship debate on the two countries.

I argue in the analysis that it is not only important to be a citizen within Kenya or Uganda but also important to discover how the issue of dual citizenship is legally interpreted within the borders of each individual nation-state. In light of this discussion, I agree with Mamdani’s definition of the nation-state as a unique form of power introduced in Africa by colonial powers between 1880 and 1940 whose outcomes can be viewed as “debris of a modernist postcolonial project, an attempt to create a centralised modern state as the bearer of Westphalia sovereignty against the background of indirect rule” (Mamdani, 1996, p. xxii). I argue that this project has impacted the citizenship debate through the adopted legal framework of post colonialism, built partly on a class system, ethnic definitions, and political affiliation. I, however, insist that the nation-state should still be a vital custodian of the citizenship debate, not in any way denying the individual the rights to identity and belonging. The question then that arises is which type of nation-state? Mamdani (1996, p. 298) asserts that the core agenda that African states faced at independence was threefold: deracialising civil society; detribalising the native authority; and developing the economy in the context of unequal international relations. Post-independence governments grappled with overcoming the citizen and subject dichotomy through either preserving the customary in the name of “defending tradition against alien encroachment or abolishing it in the name of overcoming backwardness and embracing triumphant modernism”. Kenya and Uganda are among countries that have reformed their citizenship laws attesting to Mamdani’s latter assertion.

Mamdani’s (1996) assertions on how African states continue to deal with the issue of citizenship through either the defence of tradition against subjects or abolishing it in the name of overcoming backwardness and acceptance of triumphant modernism are based on the colonial legal theory and the citizen-subject dichotomy within Africa communities. To further create a wider perspective on legal theory, I argue that those assertions above, point to the historical divergence between the republican model of citizenship, which places emphasis on political agency as envisioned in Rousseau´s social contract, as opposed to the liberal model of citizenship, which stresses the legal status and protection (Pocock, 1995).

I, therefore, compare the contexts of both Kenya and Uganda, the actors, the implications of transnationalism and post-nationalism, on the citizens, the nation-state and the region. I conclude by highlighting the shortcomings in the law reforms that allowed for dual citizenship, further demonstrating an urgent need to address issues, such as child statelessness, gender nationality laws, and the rights of dual citizens. Ethnicity, a weak nation state, and inconsistent citizenship legal reforms are closely linked to the historical factors of both countries. I further indicate the economic and political incentives that influenced the reform.

Keywords: Citizenship, dual citizenship, nation state, republicanism, liberalism, transnationalism, post-nationalism
N2  - Kenia und Uganda gehören zu den Ländern, die aus unterschiedlichen historischen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Gründen Gesetzesreformen im Bereich der Staatsbürgerschaft in Angriff genommen haben. Im Jahr 2009 hat Uganda Bestimmungen in seine Gesetze aufgenommen, die den Bürgern eine doppelte Staatsbürgerschaft erlauben, während Kenias Verfassung von 2010 dies ebenfalls vorsieht. Gleichzeitig wurde ein allgemeines Verbot der doppelten Staatsbürgerschaft aufgehoben, d. h. das Verbot, dass Staatsbeamte, einschließlich des Präsidenten und des stellvertretenden Präsidenten, eine doppelte Staatsbürgerschaft haben (Manby, 2018).
Vor diesem Hintergrund habe ich die Gründe analysiert, aus denen diese Länder, die zuvor strenge Gesetze und Strategien gegen die doppelte Staatsbürgerschaft verfolgten, in kurzer Zeit einen Wandel vollzogen. Angesichts ihrer geopolitischen Rolle, ihrer Lage, ihrer regionalen, kontinentalen und internationalen Verpflichtungen habe ich eine vergleichende Studie zu den Prozessen, Akteuren, Auswirkungen und Folgen durchgeführt. Untersucht wurde ein bestimmter Zeitraum von 2000 bis 2010, d. h. vom Aufkommen der Debatten über Gesetzesreformen bis hin zu den durchgeführten Prozessen, den Akteuren und den Auswirkungen.

Nach Rubenstein (2000, S. 520) wird die Staatsbürgerschaft im Hinblick auf "politische Institutionen" betrachtet, die frei sind, nach dem Willen der Bürger, im Interesse der Bürger oder mit Autorität gegenüber den Bürgern zu handeln. Institutionen sind emergente nationale oder internationale Faktoren höherer Ordnung, die über das individuelle Spektrum hinausgehen und die Interessen und das politische Engagement ihrer Akteure haben, ohne dass es einer wiederkehrenden kollektiven Mobilisierung oder eines auferlegten Eingriffs bedarf, um diese Gesetzmäßigkeiten zu verwirklichen. Transnationale Institutionen sind Organisationen, deren Autorität über einzelne Regierungen hinausgeht. Angesichts ihrer internationalen Verpflichtungen habe ich die Rolle der UNO, der AU und der EAC bei der Beeinflussung der Staatsbürgerschaftsdebatten und -reformen in Kenia und Uganda analysiert. Darüber hinaus wurden auch nichtstaatliche Akteure wie die Zivilgesellschaft berücksichtigt.

Veblen (1899) beschreibt Institutionen als eine Reihe von festen Denkgewohnheiten, die der Allgemeinheit der Menschen gemeinsam sind. Institutionen funktionieren nur, weil die betreffenden Regeln in gemeinsamen Denk- und Verhaltensgewohnheiten verwurzelt sind, auch wenn die Definition des Begriffs "Gewohnheit" nicht ganz eindeutig ist. Während Abstrakta und Definitionen von unterschiedlichen analytischen Verfahren abhängen, schränken Institutionen einige Handlungsformen ein und erleichtern andere. Transnationale Institutionen schränken das Verhalten sowohl ein als auch fördern es. Die berühmte "unsichtbare Hand" ist nichts anderes als transnationale Institutionen. Transnationale Theorien, die auf die Politik angewandt werden, gehen von zwei unterschiedlichen Formen des Einflusses auf die Politik und das politische Handeln aus (Veblen, 1899). Dieser Einfluss und die Dauerhaftigkeit von Institutionen sind "eine Funktion des Grades, in dem sie den politischen Akteuren auf individueller oder organisatorischer Ebene eingeimpft werden, und des Ausmaßes, in dem sie dadurch materielle Ressourcen und Netzwerke "binden". Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden Übergangsnetzwerke mit Bezug zu Kenia und Uganda ebenso betrachtet wie die Diaspora aus diesen beiden Ländern und ihre Rolle in der Debatte und den Reformen zur doppelten Staatsbürgerschaft.

Sterian (2013, S. 310) stellt fest, dass Nationalstaaten anfällig für institutionellen Einfluss sein können und diese Anfälligkeit eine Bedrohung für die Autonomie einer Nation, die politische Legitimität und das demokratische öffentliche Recht darstellen kann. Transnationale Institutionen "kollidieren manchmal mit der Souveränität des Staates, wenn sie neue Strukturen zur Regulierung grenzüberschreitender Beziehungen schaffen". Griffin (2003) ist jedoch nicht der Meinung, dass das Verhalten transnationaler Institutionen auf den Grundsätzen der Neutralität, Unparteilichkeit und Unabhängigkeit beruht. Transnationale Institutionen sind zur Hauptzielscheibe von Lobbygruppen und der Zivilgesellschaft geworden, was zu einer übermäßigen Politisierung führt. Kenia und Uganda sind nicht nur Mitglieder der Afrikanischen Union im weiteren Sinne, sondern auch des Europäischen Wirtschaftsraums, der Elemente der sozioökonomischen Einheitlichkeit übernommen hat.  In der vergleichenden Analyse untersuche ich daher die Rolle der Ostafrikanischen Gemeinschaft und ihrer Partner in der Debatte um die doppelte Staatsbürgerschaft in den beiden Ländern.

In der Analyse argumentiere ich, dass es nicht nur wichtig ist, Staatsbürger in Kenia oder Uganda zu sein, sondern auch zu erfahren, wie die Frage der doppelten Staatsbürgerschaft innerhalb der Grenzen jedes einzelnen Nationalstaates rechtlich interpretiert wird. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Diskussion stimme ich Mamdanis Definition des Nationalstaates als eine einzigartige Form der Macht zu, die von den Kolonialmächten zwischen 1880 und 1940 in Afrika eingeführt wurde und deren Ergebnisse als "Trümmer eines modernistischen postkolonialen Projekts, eines Versuchs, einen zentralisierten modernen Staat als Träger westfälischer Souveränität vor dem Hintergrund indirekter Herrschaft zu schaffen" (Mamdani, 1996, S. xxii), betrachtet werden können. Ich behaupte, dass dieses Projekt die Debatte über die Staatsbürgerschaft durch den angenommenen Rechtsrahmen des Postkolonialismus beeinflusst hat, der teilweise auf einem Klassensystem, ethnischen Definitionen und politischer Zugehörigkeit aufbaut. Ich bestehe jedoch darauf, dass der Nationalstaat nach wie vor ein wichtiger Hüter der Staatsbürgerschaftsdebatte sein sollte, der dem Einzelnen in keiner Weise das Recht auf Identität und Zugehörigkeit abspricht. Die Frage, die sich nun stellt, ist, welche Art von Nationalstaat? Mamdani (1996, S. 298) behauptet, dass die afrikanischen Staaten in der Zeit der Unabhängigkeit vor allem drei Aufgaben zu bewältigen hatten: die Entnazifizierung der Zivilgesellschaft, die Entstammung der einheimischen Autorität und die Entwicklung der Wirtschaft im Kontext ungleicher internationaler Beziehungen. Nach der Unabhängigkeit bemühten sich die Regierungen um die Überwindung der Dichotomie von Bürger und Untertan, indem sie entweder das Gewohnheitsrecht im Namen der "Verteidigung der Tradition gegen fremde Übergriffe oder der Abschaffung des Gewohnheitsrechts im Namen der Überwindung der Rückständigkeit und des triumphalen Modernismus" bewahrten. Kenia und Uganda gehören zu den Ländern, die ihre Staatsbürgerschaftsgesetze reformiert haben, was Mamdanis letztere Behauptung unterstreicht.

Mamdanis (1996) Behauptungen darüber, wie afrikanische Staaten weiterhin mit der Frage der Staatsbürgerschaft umgehen, indem sie entweder die Tradition gegenüber den Untertanen verteidigen oder sie im Namen der Überwindung der Rückständigkeit und der Akzeptanz der triumphalen Moderne abschaffen, basieren auf der kolonialen Rechtstheorie und der Bürger-Subjekt-Dichotomie innerhalb der afrikanischen Gemeinschaften. Um eine breitere Perspektive auf die Rechtstheorie zu schaffen, argumentiere ich, dass die oben genannten Behauptungen auf die historische Divergenz zwischen dem republikanischen Modell der Staatsbürgerschaft, das den Schwerpunkt auf politisches Handeln legt, wie es in Rousseaus Gesellschaftsvertrag vorgesehen ist, und dem liberalen Modell der Staatsbürgerschaft, das den rechtlichen Status und Schutz betont, hinweisen (Pocock, 1995).

Ich vergleiche daher die Kontexte von Kenia und Uganda, die Akteure, die Auswirkungen von Transnationalismus und Postnationalismus auf die Bürger, den Nationalstaat und die Region. Abschließend hebe ich die Unzulänglichkeiten der Gesetzesreformen hervor, die die doppelte Staatsbürgerschaft ermöglichten, und zeige auf, dass es dringend notwendig ist, sich mit Themen wie Staatenlosigkeit von Kindern, geschlechtsspezifischen Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetzen und den Rechten von Doppelbürgern zu befassen. Ethnische Zugehörigkeit, ein schwacher Nationalstaat und uneinheitliche Reformen des Staatsbürgerschaftsrechts sind eng mit den historischen Faktoren beider Länder verbunden. Ich zeige auch die wirtschaftlichen und politischen Anreize auf, die die Reform beeinflusst haben.

Schlüsselwörter: Staatsbürgerschaft, doppelte Staatsbürgerschaft, Nationalstaat, Republikanismus, Liberalismus, Transnationalismus, Post-Nationalismus
KW  - Citizenship
KW  - Dual Citizenship
KW  - Statelessness
KW  - Staatsbürgerschaft
KW  - doppelte Staatsbürgerschaft
KW  - Staatenlosigkeit
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-531186
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagedoorn, Liselotte
A1  - Bubeck, Philip
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Brander, Luke
A1  - Pham Thi Dieu, My
A1  - Lasage, Ralph
T1  - Preferences of vulnerable social groups for ecosystem-based adaptation to flood risk in Central Vietnam
JF  - World development : the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development
N2  - Developing countries are increasingly impacted by floods, especially in Asia. Traditional flood risk man-agement, using structural measures such as levees, can have negative impacts on the livelihoods of social groups that are more vulnerable. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) provides a complementary approach that is potentially more inclusive of groups that are commonly described as more vulnerable, such as the poor and women. However, there is a lack of disaggregated and quantitative information on the potential of EbA to support vulnerable groups of society. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the differ-ences in vulnerability to flooding as well as preferences for EbA benefits across income groups and gen -der. We use data collected through a survey of households in urban and rural Central Vietnam which included a discrete choice experiment on preferences for ecosystem services. A total of 1,010 households was surveyed during 2017 through a random sampling approach. Preferences are measured in monetary and non-monetary terms to avoid issues that may arise from financial constraints faced by respondents and especially the more vulnerable groups. Our results reveal that lower income households and women are overall more vulnerable than their counterparts and have stronger preferences for the majority of the EbA benefits, including flood protection, seafood abundance, tourism, and recreation suitability. These findings strongly indicate that EbA is indeed a promising tool to support groups of society that are espe-cially vulnerable to floods. These results provide crucial insights for future implementation of EbA pro-jects and for the integration of EbA with goals targeted at complying with the Sendai Framework and Sustainable Development Goals. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
KW  - Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA)
KW  - Vulnerability
KW  - Gender equality
KW  - Poverty alleviation
KW  - Discrete choice experiment
KW  - Payment vehicle
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105650
SN  - 0305-750X
VL  - 148
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Niehus-Kettler, Melinda
T1  - Naturalising perceived otherness
BT  - Embodied patterns of violence
JF  - Geschlechter in Un-Ordnung: Zur Irritation von Zweigeschlechtlichkeit im Wissenschaftsdiskurs
N2  - This essay takes an Anglophone Cultural Studies approach to reflect on the interdependence among as well as the individual (implicit) impact of the elements constituting our (embodied) power structures. These are, e.g., bodily experience/s such as shame and fear, everyday and institutional discourses and practices, but also manifestations of differences and particularities that we transform into phenomena such as “norms”, “binary systems” and “binary organisations”. The analysis of seemingly cyclic “Othering processes” and patterns of violence shows how people who identify as trans*, inter*, or non-binary have to live through and embody epistemological, emotional, and/or physical violence. At the same time, the descriptions illustrate numberless potential forms of resistance and change.
KW  - binary systems
KW  - embodied power structures
KW  - embodiment
KW  - abuse cycles
KW  - patterns of violence
KW  - Othering
KW  - resistance
KW  - percept cycles
KW  - LGTBQI+ communities
KW  - punishment
Y1  - 2023
SN  - 978-3-8474-2679-0
SN  - 978-3-8474-1852-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.4163724.7
SP  - 57
EP  - 74
PB  - Verlag Barbara Budrich
CY  - Opladen, Berlin, Toronto
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seyfried, Markus
A1  - Reith, Florian
T1  - Strength of weakness
BT  - Quality managers as agents of multiple principals
JF  - Journal of higher education policy and management
N2  - The paper investigates quality management in teaching and learning in higher education institutions from a principal-agent perspective. Based on data gained from semi-structured interviews and from a nation-wide survey with quality managers of German higher education institutions, the study shows how quality managers position themselves in relation to their perception of the interests of other actors in higher education institutions. The paper describes the various interests and discusses the main implications of this constellation of actors. It argues that quality managers, although they may be considered as rather weak actors within the higher education institution, may be characterised as having a strength of weakness due to diverging interests of their principals.
KW  - quality management
KW  - quality assurance
KW  - higher education
KW  - principal
KW  - agent
KW  - teaching
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2020.1812802
SN  - 1360-080X
SN  - 1469-9508
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
SP  - 298
EP  - 314
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartmann, Eddie
T1  - Violence
BT  - constructing an emerging field of sociology
JF  - International Journal of Conflict and Violence
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4119/UNIBI/ijcv.623
SN  - 1864-1385
VL  - 11
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Institute for Interdisciplinary Conflict and Violence Research
CY  - Bielefeld
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brooks, Clare
T1  - The EVE curriculum framework
BT  - developments on the second phase
JF  - Potsdamer geographische Praxis
N2  - 1. Evaluations 2. Main changes to the curriculum Framework 3. Looking Forwards
KW  - Europäische Werteerziehung
KW  - Familie
KW  - Lehrevaluation
KW  - Studierendenaustausch
KW  - Unterrichtseinheiten
KW  - Curriculum Framework
KW  - European values education
KW  - Family
KW  - lesson evaluation
KW  - student exchange
KW  - teaching units
KW  - curriculum framework
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66128
SN  - 2194-1599
SN  - 2194-1602
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
EP  - 20
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malchova, Lenka
A1  - Majer, Zdenko
A1  - Laban, Pieter
T1  - Describing differences (and recognising similarities)
JF  - Potsdamer geographische Praxis
N2  - 1. A general look at describing differences and recognising similarities 2. Teaching strategies used describing differences and recognising similarities 3. Teaching practice 4. Student teachers’ evaluations 5. Conclusion
KW  - Europäische Werteerziehung
KW  - Familie
KW  - Lehrevaluation
KW  - Studierendenaustausch
KW  - Unterrichtseinheiten
KW  - Curriculum Framework
KW  - European values education
KW  - Family
KW  - lesson evaluation
KW  - student exchange
KW  - teaching units
KW  - curriculum framework
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66002
SN  - 2194-1599
SN  - 2194-1602
IS  - 3
SP  - 97
EP  - 103
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.
A1  - Obst, Cosima
A1  - Uhlendorff, Arne
T1  - Risk preferences and training investments
JF  - Journal of economic behavior & organization
N2  - We analyze workers’ risk preferences and training investments. Our conceptual framework differentiates between the investment risk and insurance mechanisms underpinning training decisions. Investment risk leads risk-averse workers to train less; they undertake more training if it insures them against future losses. We use the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) to demonstrate that risk affinity is associated with more training, implying that, on average, investment risks dominate the insurance benefits of training. Crucially, this relationship is evident only for general training; there is no relationship between risk attitudes and specific training. Thus, consistent with our conceptual framework, risk preferences matter more when skills are transferable – and workers have a vested interest in training outcomes – than when they are not. Finally, we provide evidence that the insurance benefits of training are concentrated among workers with uncertain employment relationships or limited access to public insurance schemes.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.11.024
SN  - 0167-2681
VL  - 205
SP  - 668
EP  - 686
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.
A1  - Pfeifer, Harald
A1  - Uhlendorff, Arne
A1  - Wehner, Caroline
T1  - Managers’ risk preferences and firm training investments
JF  - European economic review
N2  - This study analyses the impact of managers’ risk preferences on their training allocation decisions. We begin by providing nationally representative evidence that managers’ risk-aversion is negatively correlated with the likelihood that their firms engage in any worker training. Using a novel vignette study, we then demonstrate that risk-tolerant and risk-averse decision makers have significantly different training preferences. Risk aversion results in increased sensitivity to turnover risk. Managers who are risk-averse offer less general training and are more reluctant to train workers with a history of job mobility. Adopting a weighting approach to flexibly control for observed differences in the characteristics of risk-averse and risk-tolerant managers, we show that our findings cannot be explained by heterogeneity in either managers’ observed characteristics or the type of firms where they work. All managers, irrespective of their risk preferences, are sensitive to the investment risk associated with training, avoiding training that is more costly or that targets those with less occupational expertise or nearing retirement. This provides suggestive evidence that the risks of training are primarily due to the risk that trained workers will leave the firm (turnover risk) rather than the risk that the benefits of training do not outweigh the costs (investment risk).
KW  - manager decisions
KW  - risk attitudes
KW  - employee training
KW  - human capital investments
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2023.104616
SN  - 0014-2921
SN  - 1873-572X
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bohlsen, Stefan
T1  - Case C-532/18 G.N. v. Z.U. (Niki Luftfahrt) (C.J.E.U.)
JF  - International legal materials
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2021.1
SN  - 0020-7829
SN  - 1930-6571
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
SP  - 290
EP  - 297
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Stemmer, Robert
T1  - Strategic business model innovation
BT  - a holistic analysis of strategic business model innovation endeavors within corporate enterpreneurial environments
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brooks, Clare
T1  - The EVE curriculum framework
BT  - the third instalment
JF  - Potsdamer geographische Praxis
N2  - 1. The new approach 2. Changes to the Curriculum Framework
KW  - Europäische Werteerziehung
KW  - Familie
KW  - Lehrevaluation
KW  - Studierendenaustausch
KW  - Unterrichtseinheiten
KW  - Curriculum Framework
KW  - European values education
KW  - Family
KW  - lesson evaluation
KW  - student exchange
KW  - teaching units
KW  - curriculum framework
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65918
SN  - 2194-1599
SN  - 2194-1602
IS  - 3
SP  - 23
EP  - 27
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Martin, Thorsten
T1  - Advances in spatial econometrics and the political economy of local housing supply
T1  - Anwendungen in der Regionalökonometrie und die politische Ökonomie der lokalen Wohnraumversorgung
BT  - essays in regional and political economics
BT  - Aufsätze der Regionalökonomie und der politischen Ökonomie
N2  - This cumulative dissertation consists of five chapters. In terms of research content, my thesis can be divided into two parts. Part one examines local interactions and spillover effects between small regional governments using spatial econometric methods. The second part focuses on patterns within municipalities and inspects which institutions of citizen participation, elections and local petitions, influence local housing policies.
N2  - Diese kumulative Dissertation besteht aus fünf Kapiteln und kann inhaltlich zweigeteilt betrachtet werden. Im ersten Teil werden lokale Interaktionen und Übertragungseffekte zwischen kleinen regionalen Verwaltungseinheiten unter Verwendung von regionalökonometrischer Methoden untersucht. Der zweite Teil untersucht Zusammenhänge innerhalb von Gemeinden und untersucht welche Instrumentarien lokaler Politikbeteiligung, Kommunalwahlen und lokale Bürgerbegehren, einen Einfluss auf die örtliche Wohnungspolitik haben.
KW  - spatial econometrics
KW  - political economics
KW  - regional economics
KW  - public economics
KW  - Regionalökonometrie
KW  - politische Ökonomie
KW  - Regionalökonomie
KW  - Finanzwissenschaften
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406836
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wobbe, Theresa
A1  - Renard, Lea
T1  - The category of ‘family workers’ in International Labour Organization statistics (1930s–1980s)
BT  - a contribution to the study of globalized gendered boundaries between household and market
JF  - Journal of Global History
N2  - This article discusses the role that statistical classifications play in creating gendered boundaries in the world of work. The term ‘family worker’ first became a statistical category in various Western national statistics around 1900. After 1945, it was established as a category of the International Labour Organization (ILO) labour force concept, and since then it has been extended to the wider world by way of the UN System of National Accounts. By investigating the term ‘family worker’ from the perspective of internationally comparable statistical classification, this article offers an empirical insight into how and why particular concepts of work become ‘globalized’. We argue that the statistical term ‘economically active people’ was extended to unpaid family workers, whereas the distinction between family work and housework was increasingly based on scientific evidence. This reclassification of work is an indication of its growing comparability within an economic observation scheme. The ILO generated and authorized that global discourse, and, as such, attested to an increasingly global form of knowledge and communication about the status of gender and work.
KW  - family workers
KW  - gendered boundaries
KW  - globalization
KW  - International Labour Organization
KW  - statistical categorization
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022817000183
SN  - 1740-0228
SN  - 1740-0236
VL  - 12
SP  - 340
EP  - 360
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Malmedie, Lydia
T1  - Translating and organzing a wicked problem
BT  - making sense of the EU promoting human rights for LGBTI persons in Uganda
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bruttel, Lisa Verena
A1  - Stolley, Florian
T1  - Getting a yes
BT  - an experiment on the power of asking
JF  - Journal of behavioral and experimental economics
N2  - This paper studies how the request for a favor has to be devised in order to maximize its chance of success. We present results from a mini-dictator game, in which the recipient can send a free-form text message to the dictator before the latter decides. We find that putting effort into the message, writing in a humorous way and mentioning reasons why the money is needed pays off. Additionally, we find differences in the behavior of male and female dictators. Only men react positively to efficiency arguments, while only women react to messages that emphasize the dictators power and responsibility.
KW  - dictator game
KW  - communication
KW  - inequality
KW  - text analysis
KW  - experiment
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2020.101550
SN  - 2214-8043
VL  - 86
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian
T1  - Europeanisation, stateness, and professions
BT  - what role do economic expertise and economic experts play in European political integration?
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - The article explores Europeanisation as an effect of European political integration, a process driven by struggles over the legitimate political and social order that is to prevail in Europe. Firstly, an analytic framework is constructed, drawing on insights from Pierre Bourdieu’s work on similar struggles over nation-stateness. Secondly, the mechanisms identified are used to assess the role played by economic experts and expertise in the process of European political integration. It is argued that concepts arising from economic disciplines, agents educated in economics, and practising economic professionals influence European political integration and have benefited from Europeanisation initiated by this process. Special emphasis is placed on strategies of integrating Europe by law or by market, on governing Europe using economic expertise, on the role played by economic academia in researching and objectifying Europe, and on staffing European institutions with economists.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 99 
KW  - field theory
KW  - economics
KW  - professions
KW  - European Union
KW  - neo-liberal governance
KW  - political integration
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412590
SN  - 1867-5808
IS  - 99
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Daviter, Falk
T1  - Coping, taming or solving
BT  - alternative approaches to the governance of wicked problems
T2  - Policy Studies
N2  - One of the truisms of policy analysis is that policy problems are
rarely solved. As an ever-increasing number of policy issues are
identified as an inherently ill-structured and intractable type of
wicked problem, the question of what policy analysis sets out
to accomplish has emerged as more central than ever. If solving
wicked problems is beyond reach, research on wicked problems
needs to provide a clearer understanding of the alternatives.
The article identifies and explicates three distinguishable
strategies of problem governance: coping, taming and solving.
It shows that their intellectual premises and practical
implications clearly contrast in core respects. The article argues
that none of the identified strategies of problem governance is
invariably more suitable for dealing with wicked problems.
Rather than advocate for some universally applicable approach
to the governance of wicked problems, the article asks under
what conditions different ways of governing wicked problems
are analytically reasonable and normatively justified. It
concludes that a more systematic assessment of alternative
approaches of problem governance requires a reorientation of
the debate away from the conception of wicked problems as a
singular type toward the more focused analysis of different
dimensions of problem wickedness.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 98 
KW  - Wicked problems
KW  - complex problems
KW  - governance
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - policy analysis
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412684
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Scheithauer, Linda
T1  - What have you been doing besides studying? Evaluators' competence attributions on extracurricular activities in application documents
Y1  - 2019
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Fengler, Anja
T1  - How the brain attunes to sentence processing
BT  - relating behavior, structure, and function
T2  - MPI series in human cognitive and brain sciences ; 174
N2  - While children acquire new words and simple sentence structures extremely fast and without much effort, the ability to process complex sentences develops rather late in life. Although the conjoint occurrence between brain-structural and brain-functional changes, the decrease of plasticity, and changes in cognitive abilities suggests a certain causality between these processes, concrete evidence for the relation between brain development, language processing, and language performance is rare. Therefore, the current dissertation investigates the tripartite relationship between behavior (in the form of language performance and cognitive maturation as prerequisite for language processing), brain structure (in the form of gray matter maturation), and brain function (in the form of brain activation evoked by complex sentence processing). Previous developmental studies indicate a missing increase of activation in accordance to sentence complexity (functional selectivity) in language-relevant brain areas in children. To determine the factors contributing to the functional development of language-relevant brain areas, different methodologies and data acquisition techniques were used to investigate the processing of center-embedded sentences in 5- and 6-year-old children, 7- and 8-year-old children, and adults. Behavioral results indicate that children between 5 and 8 years show difficulties in processing double embedded sentences and that their performance for these type of sentences is positively correlated with digit span. In 7- and 8-year-old children, it was found that especially the processing of long-distance relations between the initial phrase and its corresponding verb appears to be associated with the subject’s verbal working memory capacity. In contrast, children’s performance for double embedded sentences in the younger age group positively correlated with their performance in a standardized sentence comprehension test. This finding supports the hypothesis that processing difficulties in this age group may be mainly attributed to difficulties in processing case marking information. These findings are discussed with respect to current accounts of language and working memory development. A second study aimed at investigating the structural maturation of brain areas involved in sentence comprehension. To do this, whole-brain magnetic resonance images from 59 children between 5 and 8 years were collected and children’s gray matter was analyzed by using voxel-based morphometry. Children’s grammatical proficiency was assessed by a standardized sentence comprehension test. A confirmatory factory analysis corroborated a grammar-relevant and a verbal working memory-relevant factor underlying the measured performance. While children’s ability to assign thematic roles is positively correlated with gray matter probability (GMP) in the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left inferior frontal gyrus, verbal working memory-related performance is positively correlated with GMP in the left parietal operculum extending into the posterior superior temporal gyrus. These areas have been previously shown to be differentially engaged in adults’ complex sentence processing. Thus, the findings of the second study suggest a specific correspondence between children’s GMP in language-relevant brain regions and differential cognitive abilities which underlie complex sentence comprehension. In a third study, functional brain activity during the processing of center-embedded sentences was investigated in three different age groups (5–6 years, 7–8 years, and adults). Although all age groups engage a qualitatively comparable network of the left pars opercularis (PO), the left inferior parietal lobe extending into the posterior superior temporal gyrus (IPL/pSTG), the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the cerebellum, functional selectivity of these regions was only observable in adults. However, functional activation of the language-related regions (PO and IPL/pSTG) predicted sentence comprehension performance for all age groups. To solve the question of the complex interplay between different maturational factors, a fourth study analyzed the predictive power of gray matter probability, verbal working memory capacity, and behavioral differences in performance for simple and complex sentence for the functional selectivity of each activated region. These analyses revealed that the establishment of the adult-like functional selectivity for complex sentences is predicted by a reduction of the left PO’s gray matter probability across age groups while that of the IPL/pSTG is additionally predicted by verbal working memory capacity. Taken all findings together, the current thesis provides evidence that both structural brain maturation and verbal working memory expansion provide the basis for the emergence of functional selectivity in language-related brain regions leading to more efficient sentence processing during development.
KW  - language acquisition
KW  - brain development
KW  - verbal working memory
KW  - complex sentence processing
KW  - language network
KW  - Hirnentwicklung
KW  - verbales Arbeitsgedächtnis
KW  - Spracherwerb
Y1  - 2016
SN  - 978-3-941504-59-2
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Klenk, Tanja
A1  - Pieper, Jonas
T1  - Accountability in a privatized welfare state
BT  - the case of the German hospital market
N2  - One of the most striking features of recent public sector reform in Europe is privatization. This development raises questions of accountability: By whom and for what are managers of private for-profit organizations delivering public goods held accountable? Analyzing accountability mechanisms through the lens of an institutional organizational approach and on the empirical basis of hospital privatization in Germany, the article contributes to the empirical and theoretical understanding of public accountability of private actors. The analysis suggests that accountability is not declining but rather multiplying. The shifts in the locus and content of accountability cause organizational stress for private hospitals.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 82 
KW  - accountability
KW  - hospitals
KW  - privatization
KW  - welfare markets
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403251
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Pichler, Edith
T1  - Double emigration: geographical and cultural?
BT  - The participation of Italian women in the German labour market
N2  - Already at the beginning of the fifties on the initiative of Italy, negotiations began between the Italian and German governments for the recruitment of migrant-workers, which ended in 1955 with a bilateral agreement between the two countries. Through this recruitment policy and because of the labour-market (Industry and Building) the Italian migration was composed prevalently of men. Female immigration happened in the setting of family reunification and less as an independent movement project. After years of stagnation of italian emigration in the eighties it may also be noted that, since the early nineties, there has been a revival of immigration to Germany. This and modernisation processes in Italy changed the gender composition of the Italian immigration flow to Germany: the distance between male and female immigration is decreasing. A peculiarity of the Italians in Germany is the low occupational participation of women in comparison with other women from EU countries. However, we could observe regional differences, which depend on the migration typologies and the dominating economic structure in the areas. The paper will analyse this different aspects (immigration-processes, migrant-typologies and labour-market participation) by female Italian migrants.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 78 
KW  - Migration
KW  - female
KW  - Germany
KW  - Italian
KW  - labour-market
KW  - inclusion/exclusion
KW  - Europa
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395354
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fay, Doris
A1  - Urbach, Tina
A1  - Scheithauer, Linda
T1  - What motivates you right now?
BT  - Development of a measure of momentary-chronic regulatory focus
JF  - Measurement Instruments for the Social Sciences
N2  - Regulatory focus is a motivational construct that describes humans’ motivational orientation during goal pursuit. It is conceptualized as a chronic, trait-like, as well as a momentary, state-like orientation. Whereas there is a large number of measures to capture chronic regulatory focus, measures for its momentary assessment are only just emerging. This paper presents the development and validation of a measure of Momentary–Chronic Regulatory Focus. Our development incorporates the distinction between self-guide and reference-point definitions of regulatory focus. Ideals and ought striving are the promotion and prevention dimension in the self-guide system; gain and non-loss regulatory focus are the respective dimensions within the reference-point system. Three-survey-based studies test the structure, psychometric properties, and validity of the measure in its version to assess chronic regulatory focus (two samples of working participants, N = 389, N = 672; one student sample [time 1, N = 105; time 2, n = 91]). In two further studies, an experience sampling study with students (N = 84, k = 1649) and a daily-diary study with working individuals (N = 129, k = 1766), the measure was applied to assess momentary regulatory focus. Multilevel analyses test the momentary measure’s factorial structure, provide support for its sensitivity to capture within-person fluctuations, and provide evidence for concurrent construct validity.
KW  - Regulatory focus
KW  - State and trait measurement
KW  - Scale development
KW  - Diary study
KW  - Experience sampling method
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s42409-019-0007-7
SN  - 2523-8930
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Fay, Doris
A1  - Urbach, Tina
A1  - Scheithauer, Linda
T1  - What motivates you right now?
BT  - Development of a measure of momentary-chronic regulatory focus
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Regulatory focus is a motivational construct that describes humans’ motivational orientation during goal pursuit. It is conceptualized as a chronic, trait-like, as well as a momentary, state-like orientation. Whereas there is a large number of measures to capture chronic regulatory focus, measures for its momentary assessment are only just emerging. This paper presents the development and validation of a measure of Momentary–Chronic Regulatory Focus. Our development incorporates the distinction between self-guide and reference-point definitions of regulatory focus. Ideals and ought striving are the promotion and prevention dimension in the self-guide system; gain and non-loss regulatory focus are the respective dimensions within the reference-point system. Three-survey-based studies test the structure, psychometric properties, and validity of the measure in its version to assess chronic regulatory focus (two samples of working participants, N = 389, N = 672; one student sample [time 1, N = 105; time 2, n = 91]). In two further studies, an experience sampling study with students (N = 84, k = 1649) and a daily-diary study with working individuals (N = 129, k = 1766), the measure was applied to assess momentary regulatory focus. Multilevel analyses test the momentary measure’s factorial structure, provide support for its sensitivity to capture within-person fluctuations, and provide evidence for concurrent construct validity.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 545 
KW  - Regulatory focus
KW  - State and trait measurement
KW  - Scale development
KW  - Diary study
KW  - Experience sampling method
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427350
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 545
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Frieß, Nina A.
T1  - "From Russia with Blood". Stalinist Repression an the Gulag in Contemporary Crime Fiction
JF  - (Hi-)Stories of the Gulag : fiction and reality
Y1  - 2016
SN  - 978-3-8253-6534-9
SP  - 281
EP  - 302
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Hartung, Heike
T1  - Embodied narration
BT  - illness, death and dying in modern culture
T3  - Aging studies ; 15
N2  - Do liminal embodied experiences such as illness, death and dying affect literary form? In recent years, the concept of embodiment has been theorized from various perspectives. Gender studies have been concerned with the cultural implications of embodiment, arguing to move away from viewing the body as a prediscursive phenomenon to regarding it as an acculturated body. Age studies have extended this view to the embodied experience of ageing, while drawing attention to the ways in which the ageing body, through its materiality and plasticity, restricts the possibilities of (de)constructing subjectivity. These current debates on embodiment find a strong counterpart in literary representation. The contributions to this anthology investigate how and to what extend physical borderline experiences affect literary form.
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 978-3-8376-4306-0
PB  - transcript
CY  - Bielefeld
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Lang, Thilo
T1  - Institutional perspectives of local development in Germany and England : a comparative study about regeneration in old industrial towns experiencing decline
N2  - This research is about local actors' response to problems of uneven development and unemployment. Policies to combat these problems are usually connected to socio-economic regeneration in England and economic and employment promotion (Wirtschafts- und Beschäftigungsförderung) in Germany. The main result of this project is a description of those factors which support the emergence of local socio-economic initiatives aimed at job creation. Eight social and formal economy initiatives have been examined and the ways in which their emergence has been influenced by institutional factors has been analysed. The role of local actors and forms of governance as well as wider regional and national policy frameworks has been taken into account. Socio-economic initiatives have been defined as non-routine local projects or schemes with the objective of direct job creation. Such initiatives often focus on specific local assets for the formal or the social economy. Socio-economic initiatives are grounded on ideas of local economic development, and the creation of local jobs for local people. The adopted understanding of governance focuses on the processes of decision taking. Thus, this understanding of governance is broadly construed to include the ways in which actors in addition to traditional government manage urban development. The applied understanding of governance lays a focus on 'strategic' forms of decision taking about both long term objectives and short term action linked to socio-economic regeneration. Four old industrial towns in North England and East Germany have been selected for case studies due to their particular socio-economic background. These towns, with between 10.000 and 70.000 inhabitants, are located outside of the main agglomerations and bear central functions for their hinterland. The approach has been comparative, with a focus on examining common themes rather than gaining in-depth knowledge of a single case. Until now, most urban governance studies have analysed the impacts of particular forms of governance such as regeneration partnerships. This project looks at particular initiatives and poses the question to what extent their emergence can be understood as a result of particular forms of governance, local institutional factors or regional and national contexts.
N2  - Viele Klein- und Mittelstädte in Ostdeutschland und Nordengland stehen derzeit vor großen Herausforderungen, die durch demographische und ökonomische Umbrüche hervorgerufen worden sind. Insbesondere die altindustriell geprägten Städte außerhalb der großen Agglomerationsräume sind unter Zugzwang, weil ihre ökonomische Basis in Zeiten verschärfter Globalisierungsprozesse nicht mehr wettbewerbsfähig ist. Gleichzeitig können diese Städte nicht von den Standortvorteilen der Agglomerationsräume profitieren und müssen daher eigene Qualitäten entwickeln. Welche Chancen haben diese Städte vor dem Hintergrund anhaltend hoher Arbeitslosenzahlen und stetiger Rationalisierungsprozesse in der lokalen Industrie? Mit welchen Strategien können neue Potenziale erschlossen werden, die die Stadtentwicklung insgesamt voranbringen? Wie gehen Entscheidungsträger mit den Problemen um und inwiefern passen sie aktuelle Entwicklungsstrategien an neue Rahmenbedingungen an? Wie kann die soziale und ökonomische Entwicklung langfristig stabilisiert werden? Welchen Beitrag können dabei lokale Initiativen der Wirtschafts- und Beschäftigungsförderung leisten, und wie können solche Initiativen verstärkt gefördert werden? Diese Fragen stehen im Zentrum der empirischen Arbeit "Institutional perspectives of local development in Germany and England", die anhand von vier altindustriell geprägten Beispielstädten in Nordengland und Ostdeutschland Entstehungsfaktoren dieser Initiativen untersucht. In allen vier Städten gibt es eine Vielzahl lokaler Initiativen der Wirtschafts- und Beschäftigungsförderung (insgesamt über 40). Durch diese Initiativen verändert sich die lokale Wirtschaftsstruktur und wird dadurch weniger anfällig für negative Begleiterscheinungen der Globalisierung. Neben einer direkten Förderung solcher Initiativen liegen entscheidende Unterstützungsfaktoren vor allem im informellen Bereich. So tragen Netzwerke, die auf gemeinsamen Zielen und Wertvorstellungen basieren, maßgeblich zum Erfolg lokaler Initiativen bei. Die Arbeit zeigt dabei, dass für die Entstehung lokaler Initiativen vor allem auch lokale Faktoren ausschlaggebend sind und der Einfluss nationaler Politik letztlich weniger entscheidend ist. Allerdings kann die nationale Ebene wichtige Debatten anstoßen, die dann auch auf die lokale Ebene einwirken. Dies zeigt sich beispielsweise im Bereich der sozialen Ökonomie, wo die größere Zahl an Initiativen in Großbritannien mit einer verstärkten Förderung auf nationaler Ebene einhergeht, wohingegen die geringe Relevanz solcher Initiativen in Deutschland auf eine fehlende nationale Förderung der sozialen Ökonomie zurückgeführt werden kann.
KW  - schrumpfende Städte
KW  - Regenerierung
KW  - Governance
KW  - neue Institutionentheorie
KW  - vergleichende Stadtforschung
KW  - urban regeneration
KW  - urban decline
KW  - new institutional theory
KW  - governance
KW  - comparative urban studies
Y1  - 2008
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-37346
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Urbach, Tina
A1  - Fay, Doris
T1  - When proactivity produces a power struggle
BT  - how supervisors’ power motivation affects their support for employees’ promotive voice
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Previous research informs us about facilitators of employees’ promotive voice. Yet little is known about what determines whether a specific idea for constructive change brought up by an employee will be approved or rejected by a supervisor. Drawing on interactionist theories of motivation and personality, we propose that a supervisor will be least likely to support an idea when it threatens the supervisor’s power motive, and when it is perceived to serve the employee’s own striving for power. The prosocial versus egoistic intentions attributed to the idea presenter are proposed to mediate the latter effect. We conducted three scenario-based studies in which supervisors evaluated fictitious ideas voiced by employees that – if implemented – would have power-related consequences for them as a supervisor. Results show that the higher a supervisors’ explicit power motive was, the less likely they were to support a power-threatening idea (Study 1, N = 60). Moreover, idea support was less likely when this idea was proposed by an employee that was described as high (rather than low) on power motivation (Study 2, N = 79); attributed prosocial intentions mediated this effect. Study 3 (N = 260) replicates these results.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 447 
KW  - promotive voice
KW  - idea support
KW  - power motive
KW  - supervisor support
KW  - proactivity
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412968
IS  - 447
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Schettler, Leon Valentin
T1  - Socializing Development
BT  - Transnational Social Movement Advocacy and the Human Rights Accountability of Multilateral Development Banks
T2  - Social movement and protest
Y1  - 2020
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2020042812162317931244
SN  - 978-3-8376-5183-6
SN  - 978-3-8394-5183-0
PB  - transcript
CY  - Bielefeld
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.
A1  - Obst, Cosima
A1  - Seitz, Helke
A1  - Uhlendorff, Arne
T1  - Locus of control and investment in training
JF  - Journal of human resources
N2  - We extend standard models of work-related training by explicitly incorporating workers’ locus of control into the investment decision through the returns they expect. Our model predicts that higher internal control results in increased take-up of general, but not specific, training. This prediction is empirically validated using data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP). We provide empirical evidence that locus of control influences participation in training through its effect on workers’ expectations about future wage increases rather than actual wage increases. Our results provide an important explanation for underinvestment in training and suggest that those with an external sense of control may require additional training support.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.57.4.0318-9377R2
SN  - 0022-166X
SN  - 1548-8004
VL  - 57
IS  - 4
SP  - 1311
EP  - 1349
PB  - University of Wisconsin Press
CY  - Madison
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tjaden, Jasper Dag
A1  - Dunsch, Felipe Alexander
T1  - The effect of peer-to-peer risk information on potential migrants
BT  - evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Senegal
JF  - World development : the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development
N2  - In response to mounting evidence on the dangers of irregular migration from Africa to Europe, the number of information campaigns which aim to raise awareness about the potential risks has rapidly increased. Governments, international organizations and civil society organizations implement a variety of campaigns to counter the spread of misinformation accelerated by smuggling and trafficking networks. The evidence on the effects of such information interventions on potential migrants remains limited and largely anecdotal. More generally, the role of risk perceptions in the decision-making process of potential irregular migrants is rarely explicitly tested, despite the fact that the concept of risk pervades conventional migration models, particularly in the field of economics. We address this gap by assessing the effects of a peer-to-peer information intervention on the perceptions, knowledge and intentions of potential migrants in Dakar, Senegal, using a randomized controlled trial design. The results show that - three months after the intervention - peer-to-peer information events increase potential migrants' subjective information levels, raise risk awareness, and reduce intentions to migrate irregularly. We find no substantial effects on factual migration knowledge. We discuss how the effects may be driven by the trust and identification-enhancing nature of peer-to-peer communication. <br /> (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Randomized controlled trial
KW  - Migration
KW  - Information
KW  - Decision-making
KW  - Communication for development
KW  - Peer-to-peer
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105488
SN  - 0305-750X
VL  - 145
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Munnes, Stefan
A1  - Harsch, Corinna
A1  - Knobloch, Marcel
A1  - Vogel, Johannes S.
A1  - Hipp, Lena
A1  - Schilling, Erik
T1  - Examining Sentiment in Complex Texts. A Comparison of Different Computational Approaches
JF  - Frontiers in Big Data
N2  - Can we rely on computational methods to accurately analyze complex texts? To answer this question, we compared different dictionary and scaling methods used in predicting the sentiment of German literature reviews to the "gold standard " of human-coded sentiments. Literature reviews constitute a challenging text corpus for computational analysis as they not only contain different text levels-for example, a summary of the work and the reviewer's appraisal-but are also characterized by subtle and ambiguous language elements. To take the nuanced sentiments of literature reviews into account, we worked with a metric rather than a dichotomous scale for sentiment analysis. The results of our analyses show that the predicted sentiments of prefabricated dictionaries, which are computationally efficient and require minimal adaption, have a low to medium correlation with the human-coded sentiments (r between 0.32 and 0.39). The accuracy of self-created dictionaries using word embeddings (both pre-trained and self-trained) was considerably lower (r between 0.10 and 0.28). Given the high coding intensity and contingency on seed selection as well as the degree of data pre-processing of word embeddings that we found with our data, we would not recommend them for complex texts without further adaptation. While fully automated approaches appear not to work in accurately predicting text sentiments with complex texts such as ours, we found relatively high correlations with a semiautomated approach (r of around 0.6)-which, however, requires intensive human coding efforts for the training dataset. In addition to illustrating the benefits and limits of computational approaches in analyzing complex text corpora and the potential of metric rather than binary scales of text sentiment, we also provide a practical guide for researchers to select an appropriate method and degree of pre-processing when working with complex texts.
KW  - sentiment analysis
KW  - German literature
KW  - dictionary
KW  - word embeddings
KW  - automated text analysis
KW  - computer-assisted text analysis
KW  - scaling method
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.886362
SN  - 2624-909X
VL  - 5
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Dorband, Ira Irina
A1  - Jakob, Michael
A1  - Kalkuhl, Matthias
A1  - Steckel, Jan Christoph
T1  - Poverty and distributional effects of carbon pricing in low- and middle- income countries
BT  - a global comparative analysis
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Even though concerns about adverse distributional implications for the poor are one of the most important political challenges for carbon pricing, the existing literature reveals ambiguous results. For this reason, we assess the expected incidence of moderate carbon price increases for different income groups in 87 mostly low- and middle-income countries. Building on a consistent dataset and method, we find that for countries with per capita incomes of below USD 15,000 per year (at PPP-adjusted 2011 USD) carbon pricing has, on average, progressive distributional effects. We also develop a novel decomposition technique to show that distributional outcomes are primarily determined by differences among income groups in consumption patterns of energy, rather than of food, goods or services. We argue that an inverse U-shape relationship between energy expenditure shares and income explains why carbon pricing tends to be regressive in countries with relatively higher income. Since these countries are likely to have more financial resources and institutional capacities to deal with distributional issues, our findings suggest that mitigating climate change, raising domestic revenue and reducing economic inequality are not mutually exclusive, even in low- and middle-income countries.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 103 
KW  - carbon pricing
KW  - distributional effect
KW  - decomposition analysis
KW  - global comparison
KW  - household data
KW  - low- and middle-income countries
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424592
SN  - 1867-5808
IS  - 103
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Graeber, Daniel
T1  - Four essays on the socio-economic causes and consequences of individual health as well as public health crises
T1  - Vier Aufsätze zu den sozioökonomischen Ursachen und Folgen der individuellen Gesundheit sowie der öffentlichen Gesundheitskrisen
N2  - Inequalities in health are a prevalent feature of societies. And as societies, we condemn inequalities that are rooted in immutable circumstances such as gender, race, and parental background. Consequently, policy makers are interested in measuring and understanding the causes of health inequalities rooted in circumstances. However, identifying causal estimates of these relationships is very ambitious for reasons such as the presence of confounders or measurement error in the data. This thesis contributes to this ambitious endeavour by addressing these challenges in four chapters.

In the first Chapter, I use 25 years of rich health information to describe three features of intergenerational health mobility in Germany. First, we describe the joint permanent health distribution of the parents and their children. A ten percentile increase in parental permanent health is associated with a 2.3 percentile increase in their child’s health. Second, a percentile point increase in permanent health ranks is associated with a 0.8% to 1.4% increase in permanent income for, both, children, and parents, respectively. Non-linearities in the association between permanent health and income create incentives to escape the bottom of the permanent health distribution. Third, upward mobility in permanent health varies with parental socio-economic status.

In the second Chapter, we estimate the effect of maternal schooling on children’s mental health in adulthood. Using the Socio-Economic Panel and the mental health measure based on the SF-12 questionnaire, we exploit a compulsory schooling law reform to identify the causal effect of maternal schooling on children’s mental health. While the theoretical considerations are not clear, we do not find that the mother’s schooling has an effect on the mental health of the children. However, we find a positive effect on children’s physical health operating mainly through physical functioning. In addition, albeit with the absence of a reduced-form effect on mental health, we find evidence that the number of friends moderates the relationship between maternal schooling and their children’s mental health.

In the third Chapter, against a background of increasing violence against non-natives, we estimate the effect of hate crime on refugees’ mental health in Germany. For this purpose, we combine two datasets: administrative records on xenophobic crime against refugee shelters by the Federal Criminal Office and the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees. We apply a regression discontinuity design in time to estimate the effect of interest. Our results indicate that hate crime has a substantial negative effect on several mental health indicators, including the Mental Component Summary score and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 score. The effects are stronger for refugees with closer geographic proximity to the focal hate crime and refugees with low country-specific human capital. While the estimated effect is only transitory, we argue that negative mental health shocks during the critical period after arrival have important long-term consequences.

In the last Chapter of this thesis, we investigate how the economic consequences of the pandemic and the government-mandated measures to contain its spread affect the self-employed – particularly women– in Germany. For our analysis, we use representative, real-time survey data in which respondents were asked about their situation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings indicate that among the self-employed, who generally face a higher likelihood of income losses due to COVID-19 than employees, women are 35% more likely to experience income losses than their male counterparts. We do not find a comparable gender gap among employees. Our results further suggest that the gender gap among the self-employed is largely explained by the fact that women disproportionately work in industries that are more severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis of potential mechanisms reveals that women are significantly more likely to be impacted by government-imposed restrictions, e.g., the regulation of opening hours. We conclude that future policy measures intending to mitigate the consequences of such shocks should account for this considerable variation in economic hardship.
N2  - Sozioökonomische Unterschiede beim Gesundheitszustand oder in den Folgen von Gesundheitsschocks zeigen sich in allen modernen Gesellschaften. Es besteht gesellschaftlicher Konsens darin, dass diese gesundheitlichen Unterschiede ungerecht sind, insofern sie durch unterschiedliche Lebensumstände, wie den familiären Hintergrund, Migrationsstatus oder Geschlecht, verursacht werden. In vielen Ländern zielen die Bemühungen von Politikmaßnahmen darauf ab, gesundheitliche Unterschiede, die durch unterschiedliche sozioökonomische Umstände verursacht werden, sowie Unterschiede, die auf die Ausbreitung von Krankheiten zurück zu führen sind, zu beseitigen. Die Entwicklung passgenauer Maßnahmen zur Erreichung dieser Ziele erfordert Erkenntnisse über die diesen Phänomenen zu Grunde liegenden Prozesse. Diese Dissertation leistet wichtige Beiträge zur Messung und zum Verständnis ebendieser Prozesse. Im Folgenden fasse ich die einzelnen Kapitel der Dissertation sowie deren Implikationen für die Gestaltung von Politikmaßnahmen kurz zusammen.

Kapitel 1 beschreibt die erste Quantifizierung der intergenerationalen Mobilität in der permanenten Gesundheit in Deutschland. Unter Verwendung des Sozioökonomischen Panels (SOEP), das über mehr als 25 Jahre umfassender Gesundheitsinformationen zur Verfügung stellt, werden in Kapitel 1 Rangordnungsregressionen des Perzentil-Rangs der Kinder auf den elterlichen Perzentil-Rang in der Verteilung der permanenten Gesundheit vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Rang-Rang-Steigung 0,232 entspricht und die Schätzungen der Aufwärts- und Abwärtsmobilität 44,43 bzw. 56,54 betragen. Die Schätzungen der Rang-Rang-Steigung für Deutschland liegen in einer ähnlichen Größenordnung wie vergleichbare Schätzungen der intergenerationalen Mobilität für das permanente Einkommen. Darüber hinaus liegt Deutschland im Vergleich zu den USA und Dänemark bezüglich der intergenerationalen Mobilität im Mittelfeld, was die Rangfolge der Länder bei der intergenerationalen Einkommensmobilität widerspiegelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auch, dass ein Anstieg von einem Perzentil-Rang in der Verteilung der permanenten Gesundheit mit einem Anstieg des permanenten Einkommens um 0,8 bis 1,4% verbunden ist. Am unteren Ende der Verteilung der dauerhaften Gesundheit ist dieser Zusammenhang jedoch stark nichtlinear. Das heißt, Veränderungen in der Verteilung der permanenten Gesundheit am unteren Ende der Verteilung sind hier besonders relevant für das permanente Einkommen.

Darüber hinaus deuten die Ergebnisse von Kapitel 1 darauf hin, dass ein höherer sozioökonomischer Status der Eltern mit einer höheren Aufwärtsmobilität bei der permanenten Gesundheit verbunden ist. Dies ist ein wichtiger Unterschied zu Studien aus den Vereinigten Staaten, die zeigen, dass ein besserer elterlicher sozioökonomischer Status mit einer besseren Gesundheit der Kinder über die gesamte elterliche Verteilung der dauerhaften Gesundheit verbunden ist. Kapitel 1 schließt mit dem Argument, dass die intergenerationale Mobilität in Gesundheit Aufschluss darüber gibt, wie gerecht eine Gesellschaft ist.

Kapitel 2 präsentiert die ersten Schätzungen des Effekts der Bildung der Mütter auf die psychische Gesundheit ihrer Kinder im Erwachsenenalter. Dies ist eine wichtige Frage, da psychische Erkrankungen eine der Hauptursachen für die hohen Kosten von nicht übertragbaren Krankheiten sind.

Um konsistente Schätzungen des Effekts der mütterlichen Bildung auf die psychische Gesundheit der Kinder im Erwachsenenalter zu erzielen, verwenden wir exogene Variation in der mütterlichen Schulbildung, die sich durch eine Reform des Schulpflichtgesetzes ergibt, in deren Rahmen die Anzahl der Pflichtschuljahre von acht auf neun erhöht wurde. Diese Analyse stützt sich auf die Daten des SOEP. Die Daten zur psychischen Gesundheit der Kinder beruhen auf dem Mental Component Summary (MCS) Score, einem Index für die allgemeine psychische Gesundheit. Wir liefern auch Erkenntnisse über die Dimension der körperlichen Gesundheit der Kinder, die durch den Physical Component Summary (PCS) Score erfasst wird. Der PCS Score ist das Äquivalent zum MCS Score für die Dimension der physischen Gesundheit. Beide Maße werden aus einer Hauptkomponentenanalyse der 12 Items des Short Form-12 (SF-12)-Fragebogens abgeleitet.

Die Ergebnisse in Kapitel 2 deuten darauf hin, dass die Anzahl der Jahre der Schulbildung der Mutter keinen Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit der Kinder im Erwachsenenalter hat. Allerdings werden frühere Ergebnisse zur Anzahl der Jahre mütterlicher Schulbildung auf die physische Gesundheit der Kinder repliziert. Weitergehende Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass vor allem die körperlichen Funktionen der Kinder positiv beeinflusst werden. Dieses Ergebnis konnte bisher in der ökonomischen Literatur nicht gezeigt werden.

Zwar deuten die Schätzungen der mütterlichen Schuljahre auf die psychische Gesundheit der Kinder im Erwachsenenalter auf die Abwesenheit eines Effekts hin, dies schließt jedoch die Existenz von Mediatoren des betrachteten Zusammenhangs nicht aus. Wir testen daher potenzielle Mediatoren und finden Hinweise darauf, dass die Anzahl der Freunde, ein häufig verwendetes Maß für soziales Kapital, ein Mediator des Zusammenhangs zwischen der Anzahl der mütterlichen Schuljahre und der psychischen Gesundheit der Kinder im Erwachsenenalter ist. Der implizierte Gesamteffekt des Mediators ist jedoch nur sehr klein, was mit einem Gesamteffekt von Null konsistent ist.

Kapitel 3 ergänzt die Literatur zu gesundheitlichen Unterschieden zwischen Migranten und der einheimischen Bevölkerung, indem es die Auswirkungen von Hasskriminalität auf die psychische Gesundheit von Geflüchteten aufzeigt. Dies ist von besonderer Relevanz, sind doch die Anzahl der Geflüchteten und die Häufigkeit von Hasskriminalität im gleichen Zeitraum sprunghaft angestiegen.

Konsistente Schätzungen werden durch eine Regressionsdiskontinuitätsanalyse im Zeitverlauf und der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten, einer Sondererhebung zu Geflüchteten in Deutschland, erzielt. Die Maße für die psychische Gesundheit in dieser Studie sind der MCS-Score und der Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) Score. Letzterer ist ein Maß für die Häufigkeit von Depressions- und Angstsymptomen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Hasskriminalität den MCS und PHQ-4 Score um etwa 37 bzw. 28% einer Standardabweichung reduzieren. Weiterhin zeigen die in Kapitel 3 vorgestellten Ergebnisse, dass länderspezifisches Humankapital, wie Sprachkenntnisse und Anzahl der deutschen Freunde, den Effekt moderiert. Dies weist auf die Bedeutung der Möglichkeit zur Informationsbeschaffung hin, die Geflüchteten hilft ihre subjektive Wahrnehmung mit der tatsächlichen Wahrscheinlichkeit, Opfer von Hasskriminalität zu werden, in Einklang zu bringen.

Kapitel 4 zeigt, wie sich eine öffentliche Gesundheitskrise, wie die COVID-19-Pandemie, auf unterschiedliche Weise auf die wirtschaftlichen Ergebnisse von Männern und Frauen auswirken kann. Die COVID-19-Pandemie ist wahrscheinlich die größte Herausforderung für moderne Gesellschaften seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Sie hat in Ländern auf der ganzen Welt schwere Wirtschaftskrisen ausgelöst und zur Entwicklung von Maßnahmen geführt, die darauf abzielen, die Ausbreitung des Virus zu reduzieren. Kapitel 4 zeigt, dass die COVID-19-Pandemie dazu führte, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Einkommensminderung bei selbständigen Frauen um rund 35% höher war als bei selbständigen Männern. Des Weiteren zeigt Kapitel 4, dass dieser Effekt größtenteils auf die überproportionale Selektion von Frauen in die von der COVID-19-Pandemie am stärksten betroffenen Branchen zurückzuführen ist. Diese geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede sind auch deshalb entstanden, weil die Sektoren, in denen Frauen mit größerer Wahrscheinlichkeit arbeiten, stärker von staatlichen Regelungen zur Bekämpfung der Pandemie betroffen sind.

Im Folgenden fasse ich kurz zusammen, wie die Ergebnisse der jeweiligen Kapitel das Design von verschieden Politikmaßnahmen beeinflussen können. Kapitel 1 und 2 konzentrieren sich auf den familiären Hintergrund als mögliche Ursache für gesundheitliche Unterschiede. Die dort zu Tage gebrachten Erkenntnisse sind besonders relevant, da politische Maßnahmen zum Ausgleich von Gesundheitsunterschieden, die in der Kindheit wurzeln, oft mit großen Kosten assoziiert sind. Wenn diese Ressourcen auf im Lebenszyklus frühe Interventionen verlagert werden könnten, könnte dies Spielraum für Effizienzgewinne bieten. Kapitel 1 trägt hierzu ebenfalls bei, indem es wichtige Erkenntnisse über die Persistenz der dauerhaften Gesundheit über Generationen hinweg liefert und darüber, wie sich Unterschiede in der permanenten Gesundheit in Unterschiede im permanenten Einkommen niederschlagen. Auch wenn auf Basis dieser Evidenz keine kausalen Behauptungen möglich sind, finden wir, dass ein günstiger sozioökonomischer Hintergrund der Eltern häufig mit einer höheren Aufwärtsmobilität verbunden ist. Hält man die Mobilität auf allen anderen Perzentil-Rängen konstant, könnte dies ein gangbarer Weg sein, um Pareto-Verbesserungen in der Gesundheit zu erreichen. Darüber hinaus könnte unser Befund, dass die Anzahl der Schuljahre der Mütter am unteren Ende der Bildungsverteilung keinen Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit der Kinder hat, wichtig für die Bemühungen des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens sein, den sozioökonomischen Gradienten in psychischer Gesundheit zu verringern. Dieser Befund schließt jedoch einen Effekt der mütterlichen Bildung auf die psychische Gesundheit der Kinder nicht aus, da die Reform des Schulpflichtgesetzes keine rechtlichen Konsequenzen in Bezug auf den Zugang zu verschiedenen Berufsoder Hochschulausbildungen hatte. Die Erforschung dieses Zusammenhangs an unterschiedlichen Bildungsrändern wäre eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit für zukünftige Forschung.

Unsere Erkenntnisse über die Auswirkungen von Hassverbrechen auf die psychische Gesundheit von Geflüchteten und die potenziellen Auswirkungen auf die Integration und den langfristigen Erfolg von Geflüchteten und ihren Kindern sollte ebenfalls für politische Entscheidungsträger von größter Bedeutung sein. Bisherige Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass Hassverbrechen die Integration von Geflüchteten behindern und diese daher nicht entsprechend ihres eigentlichen Potenzials zum Wirtschaftswachstum des Aufnahmelandes beitragen können. Kapitel 3 sollte daher die politischen Entscheidungsträger motivieren, Ressourcen in die Förderung einer Willkommensatmosphäre für Geflüchtete sowie ihrer psychischen Gesundheit zu investieren.

Kapitel 4 zeigt, wie eine dringend notwendige politische Maßnahme zur Verhinderung der Ausbreitung einer übertragbaren Krankheit unterschiedliche wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen auf Frauen und Männer haben kann. Politische Entscheidungsträger sollten diese unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen berücksichtigen und darauf abzielen, Ausgleichsregelungen zu treffen, die universell im Anspruch, aber proportional zur Betroffenheit sind, um die entstandenen Unterschiede zu beseitigen. Geschieht dies nicht, besteht die Gefahr, dass das wirtschaftliche Potenzial der Selbstständigen, und insbesondere der selbstständigen Frauen, die eine wichtige Quelle für Innovationen und damit für langfristiges Wachstum sind, nicht ausreichend genutzt wird.
KW  - Health
KW  - Inequalities
KW  - Intergenerational Mobility
KW  - Immigration
KW  - Education
KW  - Bildung
KW  - Gesundheit
KW  - Einwanderung
KW  - Ungleichheiten
KW  - Intergenerationale Mobilität
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515175
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dorband, Ira Irina
A1  - Jakob, Michael
A1  - Kalkuhl, Matthias
A1  - Steckel, Jan Christoph
T1  - Poverty and distributional effects of carbon pricing in low- and middle-income countries - A global comparative analysis
JF  - World development
N2  - Even though concerns about adverse distributional implications for the poor are one of the most important political challenges for carbon pricing, the existing literature reveals ambiguous results. For this reason, we assess the expected incidence of moderate carbon price increases for different income groups in 87 mostly low- and middle-income countries. Building on a consistent dataset and method, we find that for countries with per capita incomes of below USD 15,000 per year (at PPP-adjusted 2011 USD) carbon pricing has, on average, progressive distributional effects. We also develop a novel decomposition technique to show that distributional outcomes are primarily determined by differences among income groups in consumption patterns of energy, rather than of food, goods or services. We argue that an inverse U-shape relationship between energy expenditure shares and income explains why carbon pricing tends to be regressive in countries with relatively higher income. Since these countries are likely to have more financial resources and institutional capacities to deal with distributional issues, our findings suggest that mitigating climate change, raising domestic revenue and reducing economic inequality are not mutually exclusive, even in low- and middle-income countries. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
KW  - Carbon pricing
KW  - Distributional effect
KW  - Decomposition analysis
KW  - Global comparison
KW  - Household data
KW  - Low- and middle-income countries
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.015
SN  - 0305-750X
VL  - 115
SP  - 246
EP  - 257
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Kwarikunda, Diana
A1  - Schiefele, Ulrich
A1  - Muwonge, Charles Magoba
A1  - Ssenyonga, Joseph
T1  - Profiles of learners based on their cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use: occurrence and relations with gender, intrinsic motivation, and perceived autonomy support
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - For life-long learning, an effective learning strategy repertoire is particularly important during acquisition of knowledge in lower secondary school—an educational level characterized with transition into more autonomous learning environments with increased complex academic demands. Using latent profile analysis, we explored the occurrence of different secondary school learner profiles depending on their various combinations of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use, as well as their differences in perceived autonomy support, intrinsic motivation, and gender. Data were collected from 576 ninth grade students in Uganda using self-report questionnaires. Four learner profiles were identified: competent strategy user, struggling user, surface-level learner, and deep-level learner profiles. Gender differences were noted in students’ use of elaboration and organization strategies to learn Physics, in favor of girls. In terms of profile memberships, significant differences in gender, intrinsic motivation and perceived autonomy support were also noted. Girls were 2.4–2.7 times more likely than boys to be members of the competent strategy user and surface-level learner profiles. Additionally, higher levels of intrinsic motivation predicted an increased likelihood membership into the deep-level learner profile, while higher levels of perceived teacher autonomy predicted an increased likelihood membership into the competent strategy user profile as compared to other profiles. Further, implications of the findings were discussed.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 819 
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-582621
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 819
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
A1  - Rietz, Meike
A1  - Bouncken, Ricarda B.
T1  - Performance analysis and science mapping of institutional entrepreneurship research
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Institutional entrepreneurship comprises the activities of agents who disrupt existing social institutions or create new ones, often to enable diffusion, especially of radical innovations, in a market. The increased interest in institutional entrepreneurship has produced a large number of scholarly publications, especially in the last five years. As a consequence, the literature landscape is somewhat complex and scattered. We aim to compile a quantitative overview of the field within business and management research by conducting bibliometric performance analyses and science mappings. We identified the most productive and influential journals, authors, and articles with the highest impact. We found that institutional entrepreneurship has stronger ties to organization studies than to entrepreneurship research. Additionally, a large body of literature at the intersection of institutions and entrepreneurship does not refer to institutional entrepreneurship theory. The science mappings revealed a distinction between theoretical and conceptual research on one hand and applied and empirical research on the other hand. Research clusters reflect the structure–agency problem by focusing on the change agent’s goals and interests, strategies, and specific implementation mechanisms, as well as the relevance of public agents for existing institutions, and a more abstract process rather than agency view.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 145 
KW  - institutional entrepreneurship
KW  - entrepreneurship
KW  - institutional change
KW  - bibliometric analysis
KW  - science mapping
KW  - co-citation analysis
KW  - co-occurrence analysis
KW  - business
KW  - management
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525092
SN  - 1867-5808
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lambert, Karras
A1  - Fegley, Tate
A1  - Candela, Rosolino
A1  - Boettke, Peter
A1  - Phelan, Steven
A1  - Wenzel, Nikolai G.
A1  - Dapprich, Jan Philipp
T1  - Reply and Counter-Reply
BT  - on cybersocialism
JF  - Journal of economic behavior & organization
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.026
SN  - 0167-2681
IS  - 212
SP  - 300
EP  - 310
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ganghof, Steffen
T1  - Justifying types of representative democracy
BT  - a response
JF  - Critical review of international social and political philosophy
N2  - This article responds to critical reflections on my Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism by Sarah Birch, Kevin J. Elliott, Claudia Landwehr and James L. Wilson. It discusses how different types of representative democracy, especially different forms of government (presidential, parliamentary or hybrid), can be justified. It clarifies, among other things, the distinction between procedural and process equality, the strengths of semi-parliamentary government, the potential instability of constitutional designs, and the difference that theories can make in actual processes of constitutional reform.
KW  - political equality
KW  - semi-parliamentarism
KW  - presidentialism
KW  - institutional design
KW  - executive personalism
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2022.2159665
SN  - 1369-8230
SN  - 1743-8772
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinelt, Hubert
A1  - Hlepas, Nikos
A1  - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1  - Swianiewicz, Pawel
T1  - Local Government Systems
BT  - Grasping the Institutional Environment of Mayors
JF  - Political Leaders and Changing Local Democracy
N2  - This chapter looks for main differences among local government systems as well as similarities among them. This has been done by the authors with the aim to grasp the institutional setting in which mayors have to act. The authors did it by updating and extending existing typologies and indices of local government systems. Nevertheless, an extension was first of all necessary with respect to vertical power relations because previous typologies considering them took neither the local government systems in Eastern and Central Europe nor the changes in the Western part of the continent into account. Furthermore, reflections about typologies are extended to the present one on public administration at the municipal level. All this have been underpinned by statistical data, the recent work on a ‘Local Autonomy Index’ (LAI; see Ladner et al. Measuring Autonomy in 39 Countries (1990–2014), Regional and Federal Studies, 26, 321–357, 2016) and information collected by the partners involved in the survey.
KW  - Typologies of local government systems
KW  - types of municipal administration
KW  - Local Autonomy Index
Y1  - 2017
SN  - 978-3-319-67410-0
SN  - 978-3-319-67409-4
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67410-0_2
SP  - 19
EP  - 78
PB  - Palgrave
CY  - Basingstoke
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
A1  - Rietz, Meike
A1  - Bouncken, Ricarda B.
T1  - Performance analysis and science mapping of institutional entrepreneurship research
JF  - Administrative Sciences
N2  - Institutional entrepreneurship comprises the activities of agents who disrupt existing social institutions or create new ones, often to enable diffusion, especially of radical innovations, in a market. The increased interest in institutional entrepreneurship has produced a large number of scholarly publications, especially in the last five years. As a consequence, the literature landscape is somewhat complex and scattered. We aim to compile a quantitative overview of the field within business and management research by conducting bibliometric performance analyses and science mappings. We identified the most productive and influential journals, authors, and articles with the highest impact. We found that institutional entrepreneurship has stronger ties to organization studies than to entrepreneurship research. Additionally, a large body of literature at the intersection of institutions and entrepreneurship does not refer to institutional entrepreneurship theory. The science mappings revealed a distinction between theoretical and conceptual research on one hand and applied and empirical research on the other hand. Research clusters reflect the structure–agency problem by focusing on the change agent’s goals and interests, strategies, and specific implementation mechanisms, as well as the relevance of public agents for existing institutions, and a more abstract process rather than agency view.
KW  - institutional entrepreneurship
KW  - entrepreneurship
KW  - institutional change
KW  - bibliometric analysis
KW  - science mapping
KW  - co-citation analysis
KW  - co-occurrence analysis
KW  - business
KW  - management
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10030069
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Hlepas, Nikos
A1  - Kersting, Norbert
A1  - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1  - Swianiewicz, Pawel
A1  - Teles, Filipe
T1  - Introduction: Decentralization beyond the municipal tier
T2  - Sub-Municipal Governance in Europe
N2  - In Europe, different countries developed a rich variety of sub-municipal institutions. Out of the plethora of intra- and sub-municipal decentralization forms (reaching from local outposts of city administration to “quasi-federal” structures), this book focuses on territorial sub-municipal units (SMUs) which combine multipurpose territorial responsibility with democratic legitimacy and can be seen as institutions promoting the articulation and realization of collective choices at a sub-municipal level.

Country chapters follow a common pattern that is facilitating systematic comparisons, while at the same time leaving enough space for national peculiarities and priorities chosen and highlighted by the authors, who also take advantage of the eventually existing empirical surveys and case studies.
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 978-3-319-64725-8
SN  - 978-3-319-64724-1
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64725-8_1
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
PB  - Palgrave
CY  - Basingstoke
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
A1  - Stiller, Laura
A1  - Dabić, Marina
T1  - Sustainability beyond economic prosperity
BT  - social microfoundations of dynamic capabilities in family businesses
JF  - Technological forecasting and social change
N2  - Family businesses strive not only for economic prosperity but also for social and environmental values and achievements. In an ever-changing business environment, dynamic capabilities are required to sustain performance across these areas. To understand these mechanisms in order to proactively manage them, it is necessary to identify their specific microfoundations and uncover how these relate to sustainability. However, research on sustainability dynamic capabilities in family businesses and their microfoundations is scarce. To address this research gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 German and Swiss family businesses from different industries of different ages and sizes. Our findings suggest that the majority of dynamic capability microfoundations relate to economic sustainability, with a specific focus on future orientation, traditional mindsets, rapid decision-making, intuition, speed, and resource slack. Further, we find the social aspects of innovative mindsets, human capital investments, and participation to be the specific microfoundations that strongly link with social and, eventually, economic sustainability. However, we did not find specific microfoundations for environmental sustainability.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121093
SN  - 0040-1625
VL  - 173
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kwarikunda, Diana
A1  - Schiefele, Ulrich
A1  - Muwonge, Charles Magoba
A1  - Ssenyonga, Joseph
T1  - Profiles of learners based on their cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use: occurrence and relations with gender, intrinsic motivation, and perceived autonomy support
JF  - Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
N2  - For life-long learning, an effective learning strategy repertoire is particularly important during acquisition of knowledge in lower secondary school—an educational level characterized with transition into more autonomous learning environments with increased complex academic demands. Using latent profile analysis, we explored the occurrence of different secondary school learner profiles depending on their various combinations of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use, as well as their differences in perceived autonomy support, intrinsic motivation, and gender. Data were collected from 576 ninth grade students in Uganda using self-report questionnaires. Four learner profiles were identified: competent strategy user, struggling user, surface-level learner, and deep-level learner profiles. Gender differences were noted in students’ use of elaboration and organization strategies to learn Physics, in favor of girls. In terms of profile memberships, significant differences in gender, intrinsic motivation and perceived autonomy support were also noted. Girls were 2.4–2.7 times more likely than boys to be members of the competent strategy user and surface-level learner profiles. Additionally, higher levels of intrinsic motivation predicted an increased likelihood membership into the deep-level learner profile, while higher levels of perceived teacher autonomy predicted an increased likelihood membership into the competent strategy user profile as compared to other profiles. Further, implications of the findings were discussed.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01322-1
SN  - 2055-1045
VL  - 9
PB  - Springer Nature
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bouncken, Ricarda B.
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
T1  - Legitimacy processes and trajectories of co-prosumption services
BT  - Insights from coworking space
JF  - Journal of service research
N2  - Our study applies legitimacy theorizing to service research, zooming in on co-prosumption service business models, which reside on significant direct contacts among provider-actors and customers as well as fellow customers in the service space. Our findings are based on a longitudinal flexible pattern matching method on 17 coworking spaces. The service cocreation nuances the double role of customers as evaluators and cocreators of legitimacy. This is because customers can have immediate perceptions of the actions and values of the services in their legitimacy evaluation while cocreating the service. Legitimacy shaped via social and recursive processes occurs in three stages: provisional, calibrated, and affirmed legitimacy. Findings inform four trajectory mechanisms of value-in-use pattern provenance, emergent Business Model development adaptive to the spatial context and loyal customers, visible trances as well as inside-out and outside-in identification processes. Further, the processes in the micro-ecosystem of an interstitial service space can develop a superordinate logic which overlays the potentially present coopetive and heterogenous institutional logics and interests of service customers.
KW  - service business models
KW  - collective consumption context
KW  - co-creation
KW  - coworking spaces
KW  - flexible pattern matching approach
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/10946705211050208
SN  - 1094-6705
SN  - 1552-7379
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
SP  - 64
EP  - 82
PB  - Sage Periodicals Press
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hesselbarth, Imke
A1  - Alnoor, Alhamzah
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
T1  - Behavioral strategy
BT  - a systematic literature review and research framework
JF  - Management decision
N2  - Purpose: Behavioral strategy, as a cognitive- and social-psychological view on strategic management, has gained increased attention. However, its conceptualization is still fuzzy and deserves an in-depth investigation. The authors aim to provide a holistic overview and classification of previous research and identify gaps to be addressed in future research.

Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a systematic literature review on behavioral strategy. The final sample includes 46 articles from leading management journals, based on which the authors develop a research framework.

Findings: The results reveal cognition and traits as major internal factors. Besides, organizational and environmental contingencies are major external factors of behavioral strategy.

Originality/value: To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first holistic systematic literature review on behavioral strategy, which categorizes previous research.
KW  - behavioral strategy
KW  - systematic literature review
KW  - cognition
KW  - traits
KW  - contingencies
KW  - Social and cognitive psychology
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2021-1274
SN  - 0025-1747
VL  - 61
IS  - 9
SP  - 2740
EP  - 2756
PB  - Emerald
CY  - Bingley
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bouncken, Ricarda B.
A1  - Ratzmann, Martin
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
A1  - Brem, Alexander
T1  - Pioneering strategy in supply chain relationships
BT  - how coercive power and contract completeness influence innovation
JF  - IEEE transactions on engineering management
N2  - Today, firms pursuing a pioneering strategy are often engaged in supply chain relationships to benefit from external resources and to improve their innovation. However, this effort can be impeded by power asymmetries in such relationships and especially by the execution of coercive power by their partner firm. Contracts could potentially reduce this risk of opportunistic behavior. Our survey study on 778 small to medium-sized enterprises in the European packaging and medical equipment industries examines how coercive power of the partner and the contractual arrangement between firms moderate the pioneering strategy's innovation outcomes in the short and long run. Our results confirm the negative effect of coercive power on innovation performance in both the short and long term. However, the compensating effect of rather complete contracts differs temporally. Whereas, contract completeness protects against higher dependence at the beginning of the collaboration, their effect diminishes over time. In contrast, rather incomplete contracts enhance the innovation performance in the long term, possibly complemented with trust.
KW  - alliances
KW  - coercive power
KW  - contracts
KW  - pioneering strategy
KW  - R&D
KW  - supply chain
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2020.3019965
SN  - 0018-9391
VL  - 69
IS  - 6
SP  - 2826
EP  - 2841
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Traini, Claudia
A1  - Kleinert, Corinna
A1  - Bittmann, Felix
T1  - How does exposure to a different school track influence learning progress?
BT  - explaining scissor effects by track in Germany
JF  - Research in social stratification and mobility
N2  - German secondary education is known for its early, strict selection of students into different schooling tracks based on prior academic performance, based on the assumption that students learn more efficiently when the learning environment is tailored to their individual abilities and needs. While much previous research has shown that entry into tracks is socially selective, less is known whether there are effects of being exposed to a particular school track on educational success and which mechanisms are contributing to these effects. We investigate this question by comparing the learning progress in reading and mathematics of students in the upper and intermediate schooling track over five years of secondary schooling, based on large-scale German-wide longitudinal data (NEPS-SC3). Even when restricting our sample to a group of students with similar preconditions and controlling for skills at the beginning of secondary schooling, we find that the learning progress in the upper track is higher for both domains, suggesting scissor effects of track exposure. It is mainly the average performance level of the class, and to a lesser degree its social background composition, which mediates these effects. In contrast, migration background composition of the class and instructional quality perceived by students hardly contribute to explaining increasing learning gains in the upper track.
KW  - Tracking
KW  - Learning progress
KW  - German secondary education
KW  - Learning
KW  - environment
KW  - Social stratification
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2021.100625
SN  - 0276-5624
VL  - 76
SP  - 285
EP  - 298
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tsebelis, George
A1  - Thies, Michael
A1  - Cheibub, José Antonio
A1  - Dixon, Rosalind
A1  - Bogéa, Daniel
A1  - Ganghof, Steffen
T1  - Review symposium
BT  - beyond presidentialism and parliamentarism
JF  - European political science
N2  - Steffen Ganghof’s Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism: Democratic Design and the Separation of Powers (Oxford University Press, 2021) posits that “in a democracy, a constitutional separation of powers between the executive and the assembly may be desirable, but the constitutional concentration of executive power in a single human being is not” (Ganghof, 2021). To consider, examine and theorise about this, Ganghof urges engagement with semi-parliamentarism. As explained by Ganghof, legislative power is shared between two democratically legitimate sections of parliament in a semi-parliamentary system, but only one of those sections selects the government and can remove it in a no-confidence vote. Consequently, power is dispersed and not concentrated in the hands of any one person, which, Ganghof argues, can lead to an enhanced form of parliamentary democracy. In this book review symposium, George Tsebelis, Michael Thies, José Antonio Cheibub, Rosalind Dixon and Daniel Bogéa review Steffen Ganghof’s book and engage with the author about aspects of research design, case selection and theoretical argument. This symposium arose from an engaging and constructive discussion of the book at a seminar hosted by Texas A&M University in 2022. We thank Prof José Cheibub (Texas A&M) for organising that seminar and Dr Anna Fruhstorfer (University of Potsdam) for initiating this book review symposium.
KW  - semi-parliamentary government
KW  - presidentialism
KW  - parliamentary government
KW  - separation of powers
KW  - legislatures
KW  - executives
KW  - parliamentary democracy
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-023-00426-9
SN  - 1680-4333
SN  - 1682-0983
PB  - Palgrave Macmillan
CY  - Basingstoke
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tjaden, Jasper
T1  - Web scraping for migration, mobility, and migrant integration studies
BT  - introduction, application, and potential use cases
JF  - International migration review
N2  - Web scraping, a technique for extracting data from web pages, has been in use for decades, yet its utilization in the field of migration, mobility, and migrant integration studies has been limited. The field faces notorious limitations regarding data access and availability, particularly in low-income settings. Web scraping has the potential to provide new datasets for further qualitative and quantitative analysis. Web scraping requires no financial resources, is agnostic to epistemic divides in the field, reduces researcher bias, and increases transparency and replicability of data collection. As large providers of digital data such as Facebook or Twitter increasingly restrict access to their data for researchers, web scraping will become more important in the future and deserves its place in the toolbox of migration and mobility scholars. This short and nontechnical methods note introduces the fundamental concepts of web scraping, provides guidance on how to learn the technique, showcases practical applications of web scraping in the study of migrant populations, and discusses potential future use cases.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231208428
SN  - 0197-9183
SN  - 1747-7379
PB  - Sage Publications
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fruhstorfer, Anna
A1  - Hudson, Alexander
T1  - Costs and benefits of accepting presidential term limits
BT  - should I stay or should I go?
JF  - Democratization
N2  - As presidents approach the end of their constitutionally defined term in office, they face a number of difficulties, most importantly the deprivation of sources of power, personal enrichment, and protection from prosecution. This leads many of them to attempt to circumvent their term limits. Recent studies explain both the reasons for the extension or full abolition of term limits, and failed attempts to do so. Key explanations include electoral competition and the post-term fate of previous post holders. What we do not know yet is how compliance with term limits may be tied to the current president's expectations for their post-term fate. In particular, we do not know whether leaders who attempt to remove term limits and fail to do so jeopardize their post-term career as a result, and conversely, whether leaders who comply will have better outcomes in terms of security, prestige, and economic gain. Hence, we ask how the decision of a leader to comply or not comply with term limits is conditioned by the expectation of their post-term fate. To address this question, this article introduces new data on the career trajectories of term-limited presidents and its systematic effect on term limit compliance.
KW  - Presidents
KW  - head of state
KW  - term limits
KW  - executives
KW  - corruption
KW  - prestige
KW  - institutional change
KW  - constitutions
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2021.1960314
SN  - 1351-0347
SN  - 1743-890X
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
SP  - 93
EP  - 112
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tjaden, Jasper
A1  - Gninafon, Horace
T1  - Raising awareness about the risk of irregular migration
BT  - quasi‐experimental evidence from Guinea
JF  - Population and development review
N2  - In response to mounting evidence of harm inflicted on irregular migrants along their journeys from West Africa to Europe, international organizations, civil society organizations, and governments have scaled up campaigns as a tool for raising awareness about the risks of irregular migration. Campaigns aim to counter misinformation by smugglers and facilitate safe migration decisions. Despite the growing number of interventions, there is limited empirical evidence on the impact and effectiveness of such campaigns. Based on a difference-in-difference design, this study investigates the effect of a mobile cinema and community discussion intervention on the perceptions, knowledge, and intentions of potential irregular migrants in Northern Guinea in 2019. The results show that potential migrants who participated in events were significantly more likely to show awareness gains and less likely to report high intentions to migrate irregularly. While the relative importance of risk perceptions and their impact on migration flows remain unclear, the findings provide evidence supporting the assumption that risk awareness can be a relevant factor in the decision-making process of potential irregular migrants. While campaigns may be an effective tool in certain contexts, effect sizes highlight the need for policymakers to keep realistic expectations.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12468
SN  - 0098-7921
SN  - 1728-4457
VL  - 48
IS  - 3
SP  - 745
EP  - 766
PB  - Population Council
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Biegert, Thomas
A1  - Brady, David
A1  - Hipp, Lena
T1  - Cross-national variation in the relationship between welfare generosity and single mother employment
JF  - The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
N2  - Reform of the U.S. welfare system in 1996 spurred claims that cuts to welfare programs effectively incentivized single mothers to find employment. It is difficult to assess the veracity of those claims, however, absent evidence of how the relationship between welfare benefits and single mother employment generalizes across countries. This study combines data from the European Union Labour Force Survey and the U.S. Current Population Survey (1992-2015) into one of the largest samples of single mothers ever, testing the relationships between welfare generosity and single mothers’ employment and work hours. We find no consistent evidence of a negative relationship between welfare generosity and single mother employment outcomes. Rather, we find tremendous cross-national heterogeneity, which does not clearly correspond to well-known institutional variations. Our findings demonstrate the limitations of single country studies and the pervasive, salient interactions between institutional contexts and social policies.
KW  - single mothers
KW  - employment
KW  - welfare state benefits
KW  - cross-national
KW  - heterogeneity
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221120760
SN  - 0002-7162
SN  - 1552-3349
VL  - 702
IS  - 1
SP  - 37
EP  - 54
PB  - SAGE Publishing
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Busching, Robert
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Charging neutral cues with aggressive meaning through violent video game play
JF  - Societies
N2  - When playing violent video games, aggressive actions are performed against the background of an originally neutral environment, and associations are formed between cues related to violence and contextual features. This experiment examined the hypothesis that neutral contextual features of a virtual environment become associated with aggressive meaning and acquire the function of primes for aggressive cognitions. Seventy-six participants were assigned to one of two violent video game conditions that varied in context (ship vs. city environment) or a control condition. Afterwards, they completed a Lexical Decision Task to measure the accessibility of aggressive cognitions in which they were primed either with ship-related or city-related words. As predicted, participants who had played the violent game in the ship environment had shorter reaction times for aggressive words following the ship primes than the city primes, whereas participants in the city condition responded faster to the aggressive words following the city primes compared to the ship primes. No parallel effect was observed for the non-aggressive targets. The findings indicate that the associations between violent and neutral cognitions learned during violent game play facilitate the accessibility of aggressive cognitions.
KW  - media violence
KW  - aggressive cognitions
KW  - associative networks
KW  - learning
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/soc3040445
SN  - 2075-4698
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
SP  - 445
EP  - 456
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Busching, Robert
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - With a little help from their peers
BT  - the impact of classmates on
JF  - Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication
N2  - Peer groups are critical socialization agents for the development of social behavior in adolescence, but studies examining peer-group effects on individuals' prosocial behavior are scarce. Using a two-wave, multilevel data set (N = 16,893, 8481 male; 8412 female; mean age at Time 1: 14.0 years) from 1308 classes in 252 secondary schools in Germany, main effects of the classroom level of prosocial behavior, cross-level interactions between the classroom and the individual levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1, and the moderating role of gender were examined. The results showed that adolescents in classrooms with high collective levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1 reported more prosocial behavior at Time 2, about two years later, reflecting a class-level main effect. A significant cross-level interaction indicated that a high classroom level of prosocial behavior particularly affected individuals with lower levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1. The influence of same-gender peers was larger compared with opposite-gender peers. The findings are discussed with respect to social learning mechanisms in the development of prosocial behavior and their implications for interventions to promote prosocial behavior.
KW  - prosocial behavior
KW  - adolescence
KW  - development
KW  - gender
KW  - longitudinal
KW  - multilevel
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01260-8
SN  - 0047-2891
SN  - 1573-6601
VL  - 49
IS  - 9
SP  - 1849
EP  - 1863
PB  - Springer Science
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Berger, Anja
T1  - Pathways from college students’ cognitive scripts for consensual sex to sexual victimization
BT  - a three-wave longitudinal study
JF  - The journal of sex research : the publication of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex
N2  - Sexual scripts serve as cognitive representations of typical elements of sexual interactions that guide sexual behavior. To the extent that cognitive scripts for consensual sex comprise elements associated with a risk of experiencing nonconsensual sex, they may be indirectly linked to sexual victimization via risky sexual behavior. A longitudinal study with 2,425 college students in Germany (58% female) examined pathways from sexual scripts for consensual sex, sexual behavior, and sexual victimization over three data waves separated by 12-month intervals. Sexual scripts and behavior were defined as risky to the extent that they include known vulnerability factors for sexual victimization (casual sex, alcohol consumption, ambiguous communication of sexual intentions). Path analyses confirmed that more risky sexual scripts prospectively predicted more risky sexual behavior, which predicted higher odds of sexual victimization. The findings held for men and women and participants with exclusively opposite-sex and both same- and opposite-sex contacts. Moreover, reciprocal influences between risky scripts and risky sexual behavior were found over time, confirming the proposed mutual reinforcement of scripts and behavior. The findings have implications for conceptualizing the role of scripts for consensual sex as vulnerability factors for sexual victimization among women and men and may inform intervention efforts.
KW  - sexual scripts
KW  - sexual victimization
KW  - sexual behavior
KW  - college students
KW  - Germany
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2021.1972922
SN  - 0022-4499
SN  - 1559-8519
VL  - 58
IS  - 9
SP  - 1130
EP  - 1139
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Uhlmann, Andreas
A1  - Herzberg, Meike
T1  - The voice gives it away
BT  - male and female pitch as a cue for gender stereotyping
JF  - Social psychology
N2  - Two experiments examined the impact of voice pitch on gender stereotyping. Participants listened to a text read by a female (Study 1; N = 171) or male (Study 2, N = 151) speaker, whose voice pitch was manipulated to be high or low. They rated the speaker on positive and negative facets of masculinity and femininity, competence, and likability. They also indicated their own gendered self-concept. High pitch was associated with the ascription of more feminine traits and greater likability. The high-pitch female speaker was rated as less competent, and the high-pitch male speaker was perceived as less masculine. Text content and participants' gendered self-concept did not moderate the pitch effect. The findings underline the importance of voice pitch for impression formation.
KW  - voice pitch
KW  - gender stereotypes
KW  - masculinity
KW  - femininity
KW  - likability
KW  - competence
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000441
SN  - 1864-9335
SN  - 2151-2590
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
SP  - 101
EP  - 113
PB  - Hogrefe & Huber
CY  - Bern
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fleischer, Julia
A1  - Wanckel, Camilla
T1  - Creativity in policy capacity
BT  - organizational and individual determinants
JF  - Public administration review
N2  - Creativity is a crucial part of policy capacity in governments. Existing studies on creative behavior in the public sector assess employees' openness to new ideas and creative solutions, and they confirm the relevance of organizational and individual determinants for pro-creativity attitudes. Yet we lack systemic evidence on the explicit level of work-related creativity among policy officials in government organizations. At the same time, novel technologies and particularly social networking services change the working environment of policy officials radically, alter organizational features, and may also yield crucial individual effects. Our study analyses “policy creativity” of policy officials in three European governments. We demonstrate the importance of organizational and individual features, including the stress triggered by using social networking services. Our study captures officials' creativity explicitly and adds to debates on creativity and innovation in the public sector as well as the micro-level foundations of the digital transformation in the public sector.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13676
SN  - 0033-3352
SN  - 1540-6210
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yesilkagit, Kutsal
A1  - Bezes, Philippe
A1  - Fleischer, Julia
T1  - What's in a name? The politics of name changes inside bureaucracy
JF  - Public administration
N2  - In this article, we examine the effects of political change on name changes of units within central government ministries. We expect that changes regarding the policy position of a government will cause changes in the names of ministerial units. To this end we formulate hypotheses combining the politics of structural choice and theories of portfolio allocation to examine the effects of political changes at the cabinet level on the names of intra-ministerial units. We constructed a dataset containing more than 17,000 observations on name changes of ministerial units between 1980 and 2013 from the central governments of Germany, the Netherlands, and France. We regress a series of generalized estimating equations (GEE) with population averaging models for binary outcomes. Finding variations across the three political-bureaucratic systems, we overall report positive effects of governmental change and ideological positions on name changes within ministries.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12827
SN  - 0033-3298
SN  - 1467-9299
VL  - 100
IS  - 4
SP  - 1091
EP  - 1106
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fleischer, Julia
A1  - Bezes, Philippe
A1  - Yesilkagit, Kutsal
T1  - Political time in public bureaucracies
BT  - explaining variation of structural duration in European governments
JF  - Public administration review
N2  - Structural duration conveys stability but also resilience in central government and is therefore a key issue in the debate on the structure and organization of government. This paper discusses three core variants of structural duration to study the explanatory relevance of politics. We compare these durations across ministerialunits in four European democracies (Germany, France, The Netherlands, and Norway) from 1980 to 2013, totaling over 17,000 units. Our empirical analyses show that cabinets’ ideological turnover and extremism are the most significant predictors of all variants of duration, whereas polarization in parliament as well as new prime ministers without office experience yield the predicted significant negative effects for most models. We discuss these findings and avenues for futureresearch that acknowledge the definition and measures for structural change as well as temporal aspects of the empirical phenomenon more explicitly.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13740
SN  - 0033-3352
SN  - 1540-6210
VL  - 83
IS  - 6
SP  - 1813
EP  - 1832
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Book review: Populism in the civil sphere / edited: Jeffrey C. Alexander, Peter Kivisto, Giuseppe Sciortino. - Cambridge ; Medford : Polity, 2021. - ISBN 978-1-5095-4474-5 ; 978-1-5095-4473-8
JF  - Journal of classical sociology : JCS
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1468795X21996104
SN  - 1468-795X
SN  - 1741-2897
VL  - 21
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 357
EP  - 360
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Krause, Michael
T1  - Digital surveillance fiction
BT  - dataveillance in contemporary science fiction
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-86938-154-1
PB  - AVINUS
CY  - Hamburg
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Sommerer, Thomas
A1  - Agné, Hans
A1  - Zelli, Fariborz
A1  - Bes, Bart Joachim
T1  - Global Legitimacy Crises
BT  - decline and revival in multilateral governance
N2  - Global Legitimacy Crises addresses the consequences of legitimacy in global governance, in particular asking: when and how do legitimacy crises affect international organizations and their capacity to rule. The book starts with a new conceptualization of legitimacy crisis that looks at public challenges from a variety of actors. Based on this conceptualization, it applies a mixed-methods approach to identify and examine legitimacy crises, starting with a quantitative analysis of mass media data on challenges of a sample of 32 IOs. It shows that some, but not all organizations have experienced legitimacy crises, spread over several decades from 1985 to 2020. Following this, the book presents a qualitative study to further examine legitimacy crises of two selected case studies: the WTO and the UNFCCC. Whereas earlier research assumed that legitimacy crises have negative consequences, the book introduces a theoretical framework that privileges the activation inherent in a legitimacy crisis. It holds that this activation may not only harm an IO, but could also strengthen it, in terms of its material, institutional, and decision-making capacity. The following statistical analysis shows that whether a crisis has predominantly negative or positive effects depends on a variety of factors. These include the specific audience whose challenges define a certain crisis, and several institutional properties of the targeted organization. The ensuing in-depth analysis of the WTO and the UNFCCC further reveals how legitimacy crises and both positive and negative consequences are interlinked, and that effects of crises are sometimes even visible beyond the organizational borders.
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-0-19-194674-5
SN  - 978-0-19-285632-6
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856326.001.0001
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lundgren, Magnus
A1  - Squatrito, Theresa
A1  - Sommerer, Thomas
A1  - Tallberg, Jonas
T1  - Introducing the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD)
JF  - The review of international organizations
N2  - There is a growing recognition that international organizations (IOs) formulate and adopt policy in a wide range of areas. IOs have emerged as key venues for states seeking joint solutions to contemporary challenges such as climate change or COVID-19, and to establish frameworks to bolster trade, development, security, and more. In this capacity, IOs produce both extraordinary and routine policy output with a multitude of purposes, ranging from policies of historic significance like admitting new members to the more mundane tasks of administering IO staff. This article introduces the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD), which covers close to 37,000 individual policy acts of 13 multi-issue IOs in the 1980–2015 period. The dataset fills a gap in the growing body of literature on the comparative study of IOs, providing researchers with a fine-grained perspective on the structure of IO policy output and data for comparisons across time, policy areas, and organizations. This article describes the construction and coverage of the dataset and identifies key temporal and cross-sectional patterns revealed by the data. In a concise illustration of the dataset’s utility, we apply models of punctuated equilibria in a comparative study of the relationship between institutional features and broad policy agenda dynamics. Overall, the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset offers a unique resource for researchers to analyze IO policy output in a granular manner and to explore questions of responsiveness, performance, and legitimacy of IOs.
KW  - international organizations
KW  - policy
KW  - policy agendas
KW  - decision-making
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-023-09492-6
SN  - 1559-7431
SN  - 1559-744X
VL  - 19
SP  - 117
EP  - 146
PB  - Springer
CY  - Boston
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lundgren, Magnus
A1  - Tallberg, Jonas
A1  - Sommerer, Thomas
A1  - Squatrito, Theresa
T1  - When are international organizations responsive to policy problems?
JF  - International studies quarterly : the journal of the International Studies Association
N2  - When are international organizations (IOs) responsive to the policy problems that motivated their establishment? While it is a conventional assumption that IOs exist to address transnational challenges, the question of whether and when IO policy-making is responsive to shifts in underlying problems has not been systematically explored. This study investigates the responsiveness of IOs from a large-n, comparative approach. Theoretically, we develop three alternative models of IO responsiveness, emphasizing severeness, dependence, and power differentials. Empirically, we focus on the domain of security, examining the responsiveness of eight multi-issue IOs to armed conflict between 1980 and 2015, using a novel and expansive dataset on IO policy decisions. Our findings suggest, first, that IOs are responsive to security problems and, second, that responsiveness is not primarily driven by dependence or power differentials but by problem severity. An in-depth study of the responsiveness of the UN Security Council using more granular data confirms these findings. As the first comparative study of whether and when IO policy adapts to problem severity, the article has implications for debates about IO responsiveness, performance, and legitimacy.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqad045
SN  - 0020-8833
SN  - 1468-2478
VL  - 67
IS  - 3
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Duit, Andreas
A1  - Lim, Sijeong
A1  - Sommerer, Thomas
T1  - The state and the environment
BT  - environmental policy and performance in 37 countries 1970–2010
JF  - Politics & policy
N2  - The limitations and possibilities of the state in solving societal problems are perennial issues in the political and policy sciences and increasingly so in studies of environmental politics. With the aim of better understanding the role of the state in addressing environmental degradation through policy making, this article investigates the nexus between the environmental policy outputs and the environmental performance. Drawing on three theoretical perspectives on the state and market nexus in the environmental dilemma, we identify five distinct pathways. We then examine the extent to which these pathways are manifested in the real world. Our empirical investigation covers up to 37 countries for the period 1970–2010. While we see no global pattern of linkages between policy outputs and performance, our exploratory analysis finds evidence of policy effects, which suggest that the state can, under certain circumstances, improve the environment through policy making.
KW  - comparative environmental politics
KW  - ecological modernization
KW  - environmental degradation
KW  - environmental policy effects
KW  - environmental policy performance
KW  - national ecological footprint
KW  - policy output
KW  - regulation
KW  - state
KW  - treadmill of production
KW  - política ambiental comparada
KW  - modernización ecológica
KW  - huella ecológica
KW  - regulación estatal
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12561
SN  - 1555-5623
SN  - 1747-1346
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
SP  - 1046
EP  - 1068
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jung, Jana
T1  - Does youth matter?
BT  - long-term effects of youth characteristics on the diversity of partnership trajectories
JF  - Longitudinal and life course studies : LLCS ; international journal / Society for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies
N2  - Previous research has mainly concentrated on the study of certain transitions and the influence of economic and socio-structural factors on partnership status. From a life course perspective, it remains unclear how factors anchored in youth are related to the diversity of partnership biographies. Arguing that individuals act and behave based on prior experiences and resources, I analyse how personal and social resources as well as socio-demographic characteristics influence the turbulence of longitudinal partnership trajectories.

Using a longitudinal dataset from the German LifE Study, I examine partnership histories from the ages 16 to 45. The results suggest that in addition to the influence of an individual's socio-demographic placement (for example, religious commitment and regional living conditions), personal and social resources anchored in youth also have a long-term effect on the diversity of partnership trajectories. This article shows that women are influenced by their attitudes towards marriage and family, while men are influenced by their attitudes towards their careers.
KW  - partnership trajectories
KW  - youth characteristics
KW  - life course
KW  - sequence
KW  - analysis
KW  - regression tree
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1332/175795920X15980339169308
SN  - 1757-9597
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
SP  - 201
EP  - 225
PB  - Longview
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lilliestam, Johan
A1  - Patt, Anthony
A1  - Bersalli, German
T1  - The effect of carbon pricing on technological change for full energy decarbonization
BT  - a review of empirical ex-post evidence
JF  - Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Climate change
N2  - In order to achieve the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement, the world must reach net-zero carbon emissions around mid-century, which calls for an entirely new energy system. Carbon pricing, in the shape of taxes or emissions trading schemes, is often seen as the main, or only, necessary climate policy instrument, based on theoretical expectations that this would promote innovation and diffusion of the new technologies necessary for full decarbonization. Here, we review the empirical knowledge available in academic ex-post analyses of the effectiveness of existing, comparatively high-price carbon pricing schemes in the European Union, New Zealand, British Columbia, and the Nordic countries. Some articles find short-term operational effects, especially fuel switching in existing assets, but no article finds mentionable effects on technological change. Critically, all articles examining the effects on zero-carbon investment found that existing carbon pricing scheme have had no effect at all. We conclude that the effectiveness of carbon pricing in stimulating innovation and zero-carbon investment remains a theoretical argument. So far, there is no empirical evidence of its effectiveness in promoting the technological change necessary for full decarbonization. This article is categorized under: Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation
KW  - carbon pricing
KW  - climate policy
KW  - decarbonization
KW  - technological change
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.681
SN  - 1757-7780
SN  - 1757-7799
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Crozet, Matthieu
A1  - Hinz, Julian
A1  - Stammann, Amrei
A1  - Wanner, Joschka
T1  - Worth the pain?
BT  - firms’ exporting behaviour to countries under sanctions
JF  - European economic review
N2  - How do exporting firms react to sanctions? Specifically, which firms are willing — or capable — to serve the market of a sanctioned country? We investigate this question for four sanctions episodes using monthly data on the universe of French exporting firms. We draw on recent econometric advances in the estimation of dynamic fixed effects binary choice models. We find that the introduction of new sanctions in Iran and Russia significantly lowered firm-level probabilities of serving these sanctioned markets, while the (temporary) lifting of the U.S. sanctions on Cuba and the removal of sanctions against Myanmar had no or only small trade-inducing effects, respectively. Additionally, the impact of sanctions is very heterogeneous along firm dimensions and by case particularities. Firms that depend more on trade finance instruments are more strongly affected, while prior experience in the sanctioned country considerably softens the blow of sanctions, and firms can be partly immune to the sanctions effect if they are specialized in serving “crisis countries”. Finally, we find suggestive evidence for sanctions avoidance by exporting indirectly via neighboring countries.
KW  - sanctions
KW  - trade
KW  - foreign policy
KW  - extensive margin
KW  - firm behaviour
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103683
SN  - 0014-2921
SN  - 1873-572X
VL  - 134
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Orland, Andreas
A1  - Rostam-Afschar, Davud
T1  - Flexible work arrangements and precautionary behavior
BT  - Theory and experimental evidence
JF  - Journal of economic behavior & organization
N2  - In the past years, work-time in many industries has become more flexible, opening up a new channel for intertemporal substitution: workers might, instead of saving, adjust their work-time to smooth consumption. To study this channel, we set up a two-period consumption/saving model with wage uncertainty. This extends the standard saving model by also allowing a worker to allocate a fixed time budget between two work-shifts. To test the comparative statics implied by these two different channels, we conduct a laboratory experiment. A novel feature of our experiments is that we tie income to a real-effort style task. In four treatments, we turn on and off the two channels for consumption smoothing: saving and time allocation. Our main finding is that savings are strictly positive for at least 85 percent of subjects. We find that a majority of subjects also uses time allocation to smooth consumption and use saving and time shifting as substitutes, though not perfect substitutes. Part of the observed heterogeneity of precautionary behavior can be explained by risk preferences and motivations different from expected utility maximization. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Precautionary saving
KW  - Labor supply
KW  - Intertemporal substitution
KW  - Experiment
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.09.015
SN  - 0167-2681
SN  - 1879-1751
VL  - 191
SP  - 442
EP  - 481
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bubeck, Philip
A1  - Berghäuser, Lisa
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - Using panel data to understand the dynamics of human behavior in response to flooding
JF  - Risk analysis : an international journal
N2  - Insights into the dynamics of human behavior in response to flooding are urgently needed for the development of effective integrated flood risk management strategies, and for integrating human behavior in flood risk modeling. However, our understanding of the dynamics of risk perceptions, attitudes, individual recovery processes, as well as adaptive (i.e., risk reducing) intention and behavior are currently limited because of the predominant use of cross-sectional surveys in the flood risk domain. Here, we present the results from one of the first panel surveys in the flood risk domain covering a relatively long period of time (i.e., four years after a damaging event), three survey waves, and a wide range of topics relevant to the role of citizens in integrated flood risk management. The panel data, consisting of 227 individuals affected by the 2013 flood in Germany, were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to utilize the unique temporal dimension of the data set. Results show that attitudes, such as the respondents' perceived responsibility within flood risk management, remain fairly stable over time. Changes are observed partly for risk perceptions and mainly for individual recovery and intentions to undertake risk-reducing measures. LCGA reveal heterogeneous recovery and adaptation trajectories that need to be taken into account in policies supporting individual recovery and stimulating societal preparedness. More panel studies in the flood risk domain are needed to gain better insights into the dynamics of individual recovery, risk-reducing behavior, and associated risk and protective factors.
KW  - adaptation behavior
KW  - floods
KW  - individual recovery
KW  - LCGA
KW  - panel data
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13548
SN  - 0272-4332
SN  - 1539-6924
VL  - 40
IS  - 11
SP  - 2340
EP  - 2359
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Amann, Erwin
A1  - Rzepka, Sylvi
T1  - The effect of goal-setting prompts in a blended learning environment
BT  - evidence from a field experiment
JF  - Economics of education review
N2  - Previous literature has shown that task-based goal-setting and distributed learning is beneficial to university-level course performance. We investigate the effects of making these insights salient to students by sending out goal-setting prompts in a blended learning environment with bi-weekly quizzes. The randomized field experiment in a large mandatory economics course shows promising results: the treated students outperform the control group. They are 18.8% (0.20 SD) more likely to pass the exam and earn 6.7% (0.19 SD) more points on the exam. While we cannot causally disentangle the effects of goal-setting from the prompt sent, we observe that treated students use the online learning platform earlier in the semester and attempt more online exercises compared to the control group. The heterogeneity analysis suggests that higher treatment effects are associated with low performance at the beginning of the course.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102331
SN  - 0272-7757
VL  - 92
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Andres, Maximilian
A1  - Bruttel, Lisa
A1  - Friedrichsen, Jana
T1  - How communication makes the difference between a cartel and tacit collusion
BT  - a machine learning approach
JF  - European economic review
N2  - This paper sheds new light on the role of communication for cartel formation. Using machine learning to evaluate free-form chat communication among firms in a laboratory experiment, we identify typical communication patterns for both explicit cartel formation and indirect attempts to collude tacitly. We document that firms are less likely to communicate explicitly about price fixing and more likely to use indirect messages when sanctioning institutions are present. This effect of sanctions on communication reinforces the direct cartel-deterring effect of sanctions as collusion is more difficult to reach and sustain without an explicit agreement. Indirect messages have no, or even a negative, effect on prices.
KW  - cartel
KW  - collusion
KW  - communication
KW  - machine learning
KW  - experiment
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104331
SN  - 0014-2921
SN  - 1873-572X
VL  - 152
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vietze, Jana
A1  - Schwarzenthal, Miriam
A1  - Moffitt, Ursula
A1  - Civitillo, Sauro
T1  - Beyond 'migrant background': how to select relevant, social justice oriented, and feasible social categories in educational research
JF  - European journal of psychology of education
N2  - Across continental Europe, educational research samples are often divided by 'migrant background', a binary variable criticized for masking participant heterogeneity and reinforcing exclusionary norms of belonging. 

This study endorses more meaningful, representative, and precise research by offering four guiding questions for selecting relevant, social justice oriented, and feasible social categories for collecting and analysing data in psychological and educational research. Using a preregistered empirical example, we first compare selected social categories ('migrant background', family heritage, religion, citizenship, cultural identification, and generation status) in their potential to reveal participant heterogeneity. 

Second, we investigate differences in means and relations between variables (discrimination experiences, perceived societal Islamophobia, and national identity) and academic motivation among 1335 adolescents in Germany (48% female, M-age = 14.69). Regression analyses and multigroup SEM revealed differential experiences with and implications of discrimination for academic motivation. 

Results highlight the need for a deliberate, transparent use of social categories to make discrimination visible and centre participants' subjective experiences.
KW  - migrant background
KW  - labels
KW  - social categories
KW  - discrimination
KW  - academic
KW  - motivation
KW  - national identity
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-022-00611-2
SN  - 0256-2928
SN  - 1878-5174
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
SP  - 389
EP  - 408
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
A1  - Bubeck, Philip
T1  - The challenges of longitudinal surveys in the flood risk domain
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - There has been much research regarding the perceptions, preferences, behaviour, and responses of people exposed to flooding and other nat- ural hazards. Cross-sectional surveys have been the predominant method applied in such research. While cross-sectional data can provide a snapshot of a respondent’s behaviour and perceptions, it cannot be assumed that the respondent’s perceptions are constant over time. As a result, many important research questions relating to dynamic processes, such as changes in risk perceptions, adaptation behaviour, and resilience cannot be fully addressed by cross-sectional surveys. To overcome these shortcomings, there has been a call for developing longitudinal (or panel) datasets in research on natural hazards, vulnerabilities, and risks. However, experiences with implementing longitudinal surveys in the flood risk domain (FRD), which pose distinct methodological challenges, are largely lacking. The key problems are sample recruitment, attrition rate, and attrition bias. We present a review of the few existing longitudinal surveys in the FRD. In addition, we investigate the potential attrition bias and attrition rates in a panel dataset of flood-affected households in Germany. We find little potential for attrition bias to occur. High attrition rates across longitudinal survey waves are the larger concern. A high attrition rate rapidly depletes the longitudinal sample. To overcome high attrition, longitudinal data should be collected as part of a multisector partnership to allow for sufficient resources to implement sample retention strategies. If flood-specific panels are developed, different sample retention strategies should be applied and evaluated in future research to understand how much-needed longitudinal surveying techniques can be successfully applied to the study of individuals threatened by flooding.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 759 
KW  - attrition bias
KW  - longitudinal
KW  - flood risk
KW  - panel
KW  - attrition rate
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434092
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 759
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heidenreich, Anna
A1  - Buchner, Martin
A1  - Walz, Ariane
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - How to deal with heat stress at an open-air event?
BT  - Exploring visitors’ vulnerability, risk perception, and adaptive behavior with a multimethod approach
JF  - Weather, climate & society / American Meteorological Society
N2  - Heat waves are increasingly common in many countries across the globe, and also in Germany, where this study is set. Heat poses severe health risks, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and children. This case study explores visitors' behavior and perceptions during six weekends in the summer of 2018 at a 6-month open-air horticultural show. Data from a face-to-face survey (n = 306) and behavioral observations ( n = 2750) were examined by using correlation analyses, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses. Differences in weather perception, risk awareness, adaptive behavior, and activity level were observed between rainy days (maximum daily temperature, 25 degrees C), warmsummer days (25 degrees-30 degrees C), and hot days (>30 degrees C). Respondents reported a high level of heat risk awareness, butmost (90%) were unaware of actual heat warnings. During hot days, more adaptive measures were reported and observed. Older respondents reported taking the highest number of adaptive measures. We observed the highest level of adaptation in children, but they also showed the highest activity level. From our results we discuss how to facilitate individual adaptation to heat stress at open-air events by taking the heterogeneity of visitors into account. To mitigate negative health outcomes for citizens in the future, we argue for tailored risk communication aimed at vulnerable groups. <br /> SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: People around the world are facing higher average temperatures. While higher temperatures make open-air events a popular leisure time activity in summer, heat waves are a threat to health and life. Since there is not much research on how visitors of such events perceive different weather conditions-especially hot temperatures-we explored this in our case study in southern Germany at an open-air horticultural show in the summer of 2018. We discovered deficits both in people's awareness of current heat risk and the heat adaptation they carry out themselves. Future research should further investigate risk perception and adaptation behavior of private individuals, whereas event organizers and authorities need to continually focus on risk communication and facilitate individual adaptation of their visitors.
KW  - Extreme events
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Communications/decision making
KW  - Emergency
KW  - preparedness
KW  - Emergency response
KW  - Field experiments
KW  - Societal impacts
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-21-0027.1
SN  - 1948-8327
SN  - 1948-8335
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
SP  - 989
EP  - 1002
PB  - American Meteorological Soc.
CY  - Boston
ER  -