TY - JOUR A1 - Clahsen, Harald A1 - Jessen, Anna T1 - Do bilingual children lag behind? A study of morphological encoding using ERPs JF - Journal of child language N2 - The current study investigates how bilingual children encode and produce morphologically complex words. We employed a silent-production-plus-delayed-vocalization paradigm in which event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during silent encoding of inflected words which were subsequently cued to be overtly produced. The bilingual children's spoken responses and their ERPs were compared to previous datasets from monolingual children on the same task. We found an enhanced negativity for regular relative to irregular forms during silent production in both bilingual children's languages, replicating the ERP effect previously obtained from monolingual children. Nevertheless, the bilingual children produced more morphological errors (viz. over-regularizations) than monolingual children. We conclude that mechanisms of morphological encoding (as measured by ERPs) are parallel for bilingual and monolingual children, and that the increased over-regularization rates are due to their reduced exposure to each of the two languages (relative to monolingual children). KW - morphology KW - event-related brain potentials KW - bilingualism Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000919000321 SN - 0305-0009 SN - 1469-7602 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 955 EP - 979 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chladkova, Katerina A1 - Hamann, Silke A1 - Williams, Daniel A1 - Hellmuth, Sam T1 - F2 slope as a Perceptual Cue for the Front-Back Contrast in Standard Southern British English JF - Language and speech N2 - Acoustic studies of several languages indicate that second-formant (F2) slopes in high vowels have opposing directions (independent of consonantal context): front [i.]-like vowels are produced with a rising F2 slope, whereas back [u.]-like vowels are produced with a falling F2 slope. The present study first reports acoustic measurements that confirm this pattern for the English variety of Standard Southern British English (SSBE), where /u./ has shifted from the back to the front area of the vowel space and is now realized with higher midpoint F2 values than several decades ago. Subsequently, we test whether the direction of F2 slope also serves as a reliable cue to the /i.// u./ contrast in perception. The findings show that F2 slope direction is used as a cue (additional to midpoint formant values) to distinguish /i./ from /u./by both young and older Standard Southern British English listeners: an otherwise ambiguous token is identified as /i./if it has a rising F2 slope and as /u./if it has a falling F2 slope. Furthermore, our results indicate that listeners generalize their reliance on F2 slope to other contrasts, namely /epsilon/-/./and /ae/-/./, even though F2 slope is not employed to differentiate these vowels in production. This suggests that in Standard Southern British English, a rising F2 seems to be perceptually associated with an abstract feature such as [+ front], whereas a falling F2 with an abstract feature such as [-front]. KW - perceptual cues KW - front-back contrast KW - /u./-fronting KW - Standard Southern British English KW - vowel perception KW - phonological feature Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830916650991 SN - 0023-8309 SN - 1756-6053 VL - 60 SP - 377 EP - 398 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pritsch, Carla A1 - Telkemeyer, Silke A1 - Mühlenbeck, Cordelia A1 - Liebal, Katja T1 - Perception of facial expressions reveals selective affect-biased attention in humans and orangutans JF - Scientific reports Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07563-4 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 7 SP - 3001 EP - 3023 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, Taylor A1 - Ballier, Nicolas A1 - Lisson, Paula A1 - Tilton, Lauren T1 - Beyond lexical frequencies: using R for text analysis in the digital humanities JF - Language resources and evaluation N2 - This paper presents a combination of R packages-user contributed toolkits written in a common core programming language-to facilitate the humanistic investigation of digitised, text-based corpora.Our survey of text analysis packages includes those of our own creation (cleanNLP and fasttextM) as well as packages built by other research groups (stringi, readtext, hyphenatr, quanteda, and hunspell). By operating on generic object types, these packages unite research innovations in corpus linguistics, natural language processing, machine learning, statistics, and digital humanities. We begin by extrapolating on the theoretical benefits of R as an elaborate gluing language for bringing together several areas of expertise and compare it to linguistic concordancers and other tool-based approaches to text analysis in the digital humanities. We then showcase the practical benefits of an ecosystem by illustrating how R packages have been integrated into a digital humanities project. Throughout, the focus is on moving beyond the bag-of-words, lexical frequency model by incorporating linguistically-driven analyses in research. KW - Digital humanities KW - Text mining KW - R KW - Text interoperability Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-019-09456-6 SN - 1574-020X SN - 1574-0218 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 707 EP - 733 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaeckle, Maren A1 - Domahs, Frank A1 - Kartmann, Angelika A1 - Tomandl, Bernd A1 - Frank, Ulrike T1 - Predictors of Penetration-Aspiration in Parkinson’s Disease Patients With Dysphagia BT - a retrospective analysis JF - Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology N2 - Methods: The data of 89 PD patients with dysphagia who underwent routinely conducted videofluoroscopic studies of swallowing (VFSS) were included in this retrospective study. The occurrence of penetration-aspiration was defined as scores >= 3 on the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). Four commonly reported signs of dysphagia in PD patients were evaluated as possible predictors. Furthermore, the relationships between the occurrence of penetration-aspiration and liquid bolus volume as well as clinical severity of PD (modified Hoehn and Yahr scale) were examined. Results: Logistic regression showed that a delayed initiation of the pharyngeal swallow (odds ratio [OR] = 7.47, P = .008) and a reduced hyolaryngeal excursion (OR = 5.13, P = .012) were predictors of penetration-aspiration. Moreover, there was a strong, positive correlation between increasing liquid bolus volume and penetration-aspiration (gamma = 0.71, P < .001). No correlation was found between severity of PD and penetration-aspiration (gamma = 0.077, P = .783). Conclusion: Results of the present study allow for a better understanding of penetration-aspiration risk in PD patients. They are useful for treatment planning in order to improve safe oral intake and adequate nutrition. KW - pneumonia KW - videofluoroscopy Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489419841398 SN - 0003-4894 SN - 1943-572X VL - 128 IS - 8 SP - 728 EP - 735 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prieto, Julio T1 - Regarding illegibility and poor writing in spanish america JF - Insula : revista de letras y ciencias humanas Y1 - 2011 SN - 0020-4536 VL - 66 IS - 777 SP - 2 EP - 4 PB - Insula CY - Pozuelo de Alarcon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Berger, Frauke A1 - Sauermann, Antje T1 - Information structure in first language acquisition JF - The Oxford handbook of information structure Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-0-19-964267-0 SP - 562 EP - 580 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sauermann, Antje A1 - Filik, Ruth A1 - Paterson, Kevin B. T1 - Processing contextual and lexical cues to focus evidence from eye movements in reading JF - Language and cognitive processes N2 - Three eye movement experiments investigated the interaction between contextual and lexical focus cues during reading. Context was used to focus on either the indirect or direct object of a double object construction, which was followed by a remnant continuation that formed either a congruous or incongruous contrast with the contextually focused object. Experiment 1 demonstrated that remnants were more difficult to process when incongruous with the contextually focused constituent, indicating that context was effective in specifying focus. Experiments 2 and 3 investigated the interaction between context and lexical focus arising from the particle only which specifies focus on the subsequent adjacent element. When only preceded both objects (Experiment 2), the conflict between lexical and contextual focus cues disrupted processing of the remnant element and was resolved in favour of the contextually focused element. However, when only was placed between both objects (Experiment 3), cue-conflict disrupted processing earlier in the sentence but did not appear to be fully resolved during on-line sentence processing. These findings reveal that the interplay between contextual and lexical cues to focus is important for establishing focus structure during on-line sentence processing. KW - Focus particles KW - Discourse processing KW - Sentence processing KW - Eye movements while reading Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2012.668197 SN - 0169-0965 VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 875 EP - 903 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sekerina, Irina A. A1 - Sauermann, Antje T1 - Visual attention and quantifier-spreading in heritage Russian bilinguals JF - Second language research N2 - It is well established in language acquisition research that monolingual children and adult second language learners misinterpret sentences with the universal quantifier every and make quantifier-spreading errors that are attributed to a preference for a match in number between two sets of objects. The present Visual World eye-tracking study tested bilingual heritage Russian-English adults and investigated how they interpret of sentences like Every alligator lies in a bathtub in both languages. Participants performed a sentence-picture verification task while their eye movements were recorded. Pictures showed three pairs of alligators in bathtubs and two extra objects: elephants (Control condition), bathtubs (Overexhaustive condition), or alligators (Underexhaustive condition). Monolingual adults performed at ceiling in all conditions. Heritage language (HL) adults made 20% q-spreading errors, but only in the Overexhaustive condition, and when they made an error they spent more time looking at the two extra bathtubs during the Verb region. We attribute q-spreading in HL speakers to cognitive overload caused by the necessity to integrate conflicting sources of information, i.e. the spoken sentences in their weaker, heritage, language and attention-demanding visual context, that differed with respect to referential salience. KW - eye-tracking KW - heritage language KW - quantifier-spreading KW - Russian KW - universal quantifiers KW - visual attention Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658314537292 SN - 0267-6583 SN - 1477-0326 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 75 EP - 104 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drummer, Janna-Deborah A1 - van der Meer, Elke A1 - Schaadt, Gesa T1 - Event-related potentials in response to violations of content and temporal event knowledge JF - Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience N2 - Scripts that store knowledge of everyday events are fundamentally important for managing daily routines. Content event knowledge (i.e., knowledge about which events belong to a script) and temporal event knowledge (i.e., knowledge about the chronological order of events in a script) constitute qualitatively different forms of knowledge. However, there is limited information about each distinct process and the time course involved in accessing content and temporal event knowledge. Therefore, we analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to either correctly presented event sequences or event sequences that contained a content or temporal error. We found an N400, which was followed by a posteriorly distributed P600 in response to content errors in event sequences. By contrast, we did not find an N400 but an anteriorly distributed P600 in response to temporal errors in event sequences. Thus, the N400 seems to be elicited as a response to a general mismatch between an event and the established event model. We assume that the expectancy violation of content event knowledge, as indicated by the N400, induces the collapse of the established event model, a process indicated by the posterior P600. The expectancy violation of temporal event knowledge is assumed to induce an attempt to reorganize the event model in working memory, a process indicated by the frontal P600. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Event model KW - Content event knowledge KW - Temporal event knowledge KW - N400 KW - P600 Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.11.007 SN - 0028-3932 SN - 1873-3514 VL - 80 SP - 47 EP - 55 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bowler, Margit A1 - Hsieh, I-Ta Chris A1 - Shen, Zheng A1 - Korat, Omer A1 - Tran, Thuan ED - Grubic, Mira ED - Mucha, Anne T1 - Proceedings of the Semantics of African, Asian and Austronesian Languages (TripleA) 2 N2 - TripleA is a workshop series founded by linguists from the University of Tübingen and the University of Potsdam. Its aim is to provide a forum for semanticists doing fieldwork on understudied languages, and its focus is on languages from Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania. The second TripleA workshop was held at the University of Potsdam, June 3-5, 2015. KW - formal semantics KW - understudied languages KW - Warlpiri KW - Mandarin KW - Hebrew KW - Vietnamese Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91742 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bruening, Benjamin A1 - Tran, Thuan T1 - The nature of the passive, with an analysis of Vietnamese JF - Lingua : international review of general linguistics N2 - We attempt to clarify a great deal of confusion in the literature on what a passive is, and what counts as a passive in different languages. We do this through a detailed investigation of what has been identified as a passive in Vietnamese, sentences with the morphemes bi and duoc. We also compare these to Mandarin Chinese bei. We show that these morphemes are not passive at all: like English auxiliaries, they may occur with either an active complement or a passive one. We clarify this point and what it means to be a passive. Second, sentences with these morphemes and the corresponding sentences without them are truth-conditionally equivalent. We show that the extra meaning they convey is a type of projective, or not-at-issue, meaning that is separate from the at-issue content of the sentence. We provide a detailed syntactic and semantic analysis of Vietnamese, and give arguments for this analysis. We propose that there is no movement in Vietnamese, but there is in Chinese, and this difference accounts for differences between the two languages. We also clarify what agent-oriented adverbs of the 'deliberately' type show, and draw conclusions about English get passives and tough constructions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Passive KW - Vietnamese KW - Mandarin Chinese KW - Projective meaning KW - Agent-oriented adverbs Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2015.07.008 SN - 0024-3841 SN - 1872-6135 VL - 165 SP - 133 EP - 172 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stadie, Nicole T1 - Entwicklungsdyslexie im Rahmen kognitiv-orientierter Erklärungsansätze JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-54191 SN - 1869-3822 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 4 SP - 23 EP - 31 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Posse, Dorothea A1 - Frank, Ulrike T1 - Der Einfluss des Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) auf die Hypernasalität bei Dysarthrie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-54313 SN - 1869-3822 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 4 SP - 185 EP - 187 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puritz, Caroline A1 - Seidl, Rainer Ottis A1 - Frank, Ulrike T1 - Die Auswirkungen des Lee Silverman Voice Treatments (LSVT) auf die kortikalen Repräsentationen der Schluckmuskulatur bei Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-54322 SN - 1869-3822 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 4 SP - 189 EP - 191 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Etzien, Maria A1 - Machleb, Franziska A1 - Lorenz, Antje T1 - Semantische versus wortform-spezifische Merkmalsanalyse in der Behandlung von Wortabrufstörungen bei Aphasie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-54337 SN - 1869-3822 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 4 SP - 193 EP - 197 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Watermeyer, Melanie A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Kauschke, Christina T1 - Ausagieren von Sätzen versus Satz-Bild-Zuordnung BT - Vergleich zweier Methoden zur Untersuchung des Sprachverständnisses anhand von semantisch reversiblen Sätzen mit Objektvoranstellung bei drei- und fünfjährigen Kindern JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-54374 SN - 1869-3822 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 4 SP - 237 EP - 246 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mallien, Grit T1 - Explorative multizentrische Querschnittsstudie zur Diagnostik der Dysarthrie bei Progressiver Supranukleärer Blickparese - PSP T1 - Exploratory cross-sectional multicenter study on the diagnosis of dysarthria in progressive supranuclear palsy - PSP N2 - Die Progressive Supranukleäre Blickparese (PSP) ist eine sporadisch auftretende neurodegenerative Erkrankung im Rahmen der atypischen Parkinson-Syndrome (APS), die im frühen Verlauf häufig mit dem Idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom (IPS) verwechselt wird. Dabei ist die Dysarthrie als eine erworbene, zentral bedingte sprechmotorische Störung ein häufiges und früh auftretendes Symptom bei PSP. Bislang spricht man von einer eher unspezifischen „gemischten“ Dysarthrie aus hypokinetischen, spastischen und auch ataktischen Komponenten. Im Rahmen einer explorativen Querschnittsstudie am „Fachkrankenhaus für Bewegungsstörungen und Parkinson“ Beelitz-Heilstätten in Kooperation mit der „Entwicklungsgruppe Klinische Neuropsychologie“ München (EKN) sowie der „Interdisziplinären Ambulanz für Bewegungsstörungen“ am Klinikum München-Großhadern wurden 50 Patienten dahingehend untersucht, ob sich für die Progressive Supranukleäre Blickparese (PSP) eine spezielle, frühzeitig zu diagnostizierende und differentialdiagnostisch relevante Dysarthrie beschreiben ließe. In diesem Zusammenhang soll geklärt werden, ob es sich um phänotypische Ausprägungen im Rahmen eines Störungsspektrums handelt oder ob sich differenzierbare Subtypen der Krankheit, insbesondere ein „klassischer“ PSP-Typ (PSP-RS) und ein „atypischer“ PSP-Typ (PSP-P), auch im Bereich der Dysarthrie zeigen. Im Rahmen der Untersuchungen wurde der Schweregrad der Erkrankung mittels der „PSP-sensitiven Ratingskala (PSPRS)“ gemessen. Die Dysarthriediagnostik erfolgte anhand der „Bogenhausener Dysarthrieskalen (BoDyS)“ zur Beschreibung der Art und Ausprägung der Dysarthrie bei PSP. Die Verständlichkeit wurde mithilfe des „Münchner Verständlichkeits-Profils (MVP)" sowie eines weiteren Transkriptionsverfahrens ermittelt, wobei Ausschnitte aus den Tests zum Lesen und Nachsprechen der BoDyS zugrunde lagen. Weiterhin erfolgte eine Einschätzung der Natürlichkeit des Sprechens. Die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich des Einflusses von Natürlichkeit und Verständlichkeit des Sprechens auf den Schweregrad der Dysarthrie zeigten, dass dieser modalitätenübergreifend mit beiden Schweregradaspekten korreliert, wenngleich es offenbar die Natürlichkeit des Sprechens ist, die bei PSP bereits frühzeitig beeinträchtigt ist und somit als das entscheidende differentialdiagnostische Kriterium zur Differenzierung zwischen beiden PSP-Subtypen zu beurteilen ist, möglicherweise auch gegenüber anderen Parkinson-Syndromen. Anhand statistisch valider Ergebnisse konnten spezifische Störungsmerkmale der Dysarthrie extrahiert werden, die eine signifikante Trennung von PSP-RS und PSP-P ermöglichen: eine leise und behaucht-heisere Stimme sowie ein verlangsamtes Sprechtempo und Hypernasalität. Damit können für die hier fokussierten Subtypen der PSP zwei unterschiedliche Dysarthrietypen postuliert werden. Danach wird dem Subtyp PSP-RS eine spastisch betonte Dysarthrie mit ausgeprägter Verlangsamung des Sprechtempos zugeordnet, dem Subtyp PSP-P hingegen eine hypokinetische Dysarthrie mit behaucht-heiserer Hypophonie. Desweiteren konnte ein „Dysarthrie-Schwellenwert“ als Zusatzkriterium für eine zeitliche Differenzierung beider PSP-Subtypen ermittelt werden. Anhand der Daten zeigte sich die Dysarthrie bei dem Subtyp PSP-RS gleich zu Beginn der Erkrankung, jedoch spätestens 24 Monate danach. Hingegen konnte die Dysarthrie beim Subtyp PSP-P frühestens 24 Monate nach Erkrankungsbeginn festgestellt werden. Die Daten dieser Studie verdeutlichen, dass der Frage nach einer subtypenspezifischen Ausprägung der Dysarthrie bei PSP eine Längsschnittsstudie folgen sollte, um die ermittelten Ergebnisse zu konsolidieren. N2 - Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is an atypical Parkinsonian syndrome characterized by gait ataxia, slowing or inability to generate vertical saccadic eye movements, axial rigidity, cognitive disorders and a progressive dysarthria. The dysarthria may include abnormalities in strength, speed, range, tone or accuracy of speech movements. As the disease progresses, important functional components of speech including respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation and prosody are affected. The question is what kind of dysarthria do we find in PSP? Until now it remains unclear, if the dysarthric characteristics of PSP vary in way as described by Williams et al. (2005) who found clinically distinct symptom patterns of a Parkinsonian form of PSP (PSP-P) distinct from a classical form (Richardson Syndrome). The aim of the cross-sectional multi center study was to investigate the specific dysarthric symptoms in patients with PSP. Until now it remains unclear, whether there are two different points on a continuous spectrum of speech disturbances or if there exist distinct „profiles“ of dysarthria according to the proposed Richardson Syndrome (PSP-RS) with early onset of postural instability and falls, vertical gaze palsy and cognitive dysfunctions and the PSP with Parkinsonism (PSP-P) with asymmetric onset, tremor, early bradykinesia, non-axial dystonia and response to levodopa medications in the beginning. „Bogenhausener Dysarthrieskalen“ (BoDys) was used as base-line dysarthria scale: pitch pattern, loudness range, voice quality, respiration and resonance capacities, prosody and articulation were rated. Furthermore, the intelligibility is a most important index of functional impairment in dysarthria. Therefore, the „Munich Intelligibility Profile (MVP)“, a computer-based method for the assessment of the intelligibility of dysarthric patients, was used to describe the intelligibility of the patients. The PSP-P-group, at the beginning frequently confused with patients with PD, showed rigide-hypokinetic dysarthric features with hypophonia as cardinal symptom. In contrast the patients with the “classical” PSP-RS-Type show severe speech impairments in terms of a very effortful speak with a progressive loss of intelligibility. They show spastic components of dysarthria, like a very strained-strangled voice with breaks and voice stoppages, harshness and reduced pitch and loudness variability. Their loudness often is inadequate in terms of the so called “lions voice”. Further they show a hypernasality, the articulation is imprecise, the vowels are distorted. Concerning the prosody there is a very slow and strained rate of speech with equal or excess stress. The results show that the patients with PSP-RS generally suffer from severe and more progressive speech impairments beginning early after disease onset, whereas the PSP-P-group shows rather moderate symptoms. The dysarthria in PSP is subtype-specific. The hypothesis of different dysarthric profiles for the proposed clinical subtypes "Richardson Syndrome" (PSP-RS) and "PSP with parkinsonism" (PSP-P) was confirmed and based on a discriminant analysis that identified distinctive dysarthric features for both subgroups. KW - Dysarthrie KW - PSP KW - PSP-RS KW - Richardson Syndrom KW - PSP-P KW - Merkmale KW - dysarthria KW - PSP-P KW - PSP-RS KW - Richardson Syndrome KW - PSP KW - dysarthric features Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-58045 ER - TY - THES A1 - Spreyer, Kathrin T1 - Does it have to be trees? : Data-driven dependency parsing with incomplete and noisy training data T1 - Müssen es denn Bäume sein? Daten-gesteuertes Dependenzparsing mit unvollständigen und verrauschten Trainingsdaten N2 - We present a novel approach to training data-driven dependency parsers on incomplete annotations. Our parsers are simple modifications of two well-known dependency parsers, the transition-based Malt parser and the graph-based MST parser. While previous work on parsing with incomplete data has typically couched the task in frameworks of unsupervised or semi-supervised machine learning, we essentially treat it as a supervised problem. In particular, we propose what we call agnostic parsers which hide all fragmentation in the training data from their supervised components. We present experimental results with training data that was obtained by means of annotation projection. Annotation projection is a resource-lean technique which allows us to transfer annotations from one language to another within a parallel corpus. However, the output tends to be noisy and incomplete due to cross-lingual non-parallelism and error-prone word alignments. This makes the projected annotations a suitable test bed for our fragment parsers. Our results show that (i) dependency parsers trained on large amounts of projected annotations achieve higher accuracy than the direct projections, and that (ii) our agnostic fragment parsers perform roughly on a par with the original parsers which are trained only on strictly filtered, complete trees. Finally, (iii) when our fragment parsers are trained on artificially fragmented but otherwise gold standard dependencies, the performance loss is moderate even with up to 50% of all edges removed. N2 - Wir präsentieren eine neuartige Herangehensweise an das Trainieren von daten-gesteuerten Dependenzparsern auf unvollständigen Annotationen. Unsere Parser sind einfache Varianten von zwei bekannten Dependenzparsern, nämlich des transitions-basierten Malt-Parsers sowie des graph-basierten MST-Parsers. Während frühere Arbeiten zum Parsing mit unvollständigen Daten die Aufgabe meist in Frameworks für unüberwachtes oder schwach überwachtes maschinelles Lernen gebettet haben, behandeln wir sie im Wesentlichen mit überwachten Lernverfahren. Insbesondere schlagen wir "agnostische" Parser vor, die jegliche Fragmentierung der Trainingsdaten vor ihren daten-gesteuerten Lernkomponenten verbergen. Wir stellen Versuchsergebnisse mit Trainingsdaten vor, die mithilfe von Annotationsprojektion gewonnen wurden. Annotationsprojektion ist ein Verfahren, das es uns erlaubt, innerhalb eines Parallelkorpus Annotationen von einer Sprache auf eine andere zu übertragen. Bedingt durch begrenzten crosslingualen Parallelismus und fehleranfällige Wortalinierung ist die Ausgabe des Projektionsschrittes jedoch üblicherweise verrauscht und unvollständig. Gerade dies macht projizierte Annotationen zu einer angemessenen Testumgebung für unsere fragment-fähigen Parser. Unsere Ergebnisse belegen, dass (i) Dependenzparser, die auf großen Mengen von projizierten Annotationen trainiert wurden, größere Genauigkeit erzielen als die zugrundeliegenden direkten Projektionen, und dass (ii) die Genauigkeit unserer agnostischen, fragment-fähigen Parser der Genauigkeit der Originalparser (trainiert auf streng gefilterten, komplett projizierten Bäumen) annähernd gleichgestellt ist. Schließlich zeigen wir mit künstlich fragmentierten Gold-Standard-Daten, dass (iii) der Verlust an Genauigkeit selbst dann bescheiden bleibt, wenn bis zu 50% aller Kanten in den Trainingsdaten fehlen. KW - Dependenzparsing KW - partielle Annotationen KW - schwach überwachte Lernverfahren KW - Annotationsprojektion KW - Parallelkorpora KW - dependency parsing KW - partial annotations KW - weakly supervised learning techniques KW - annotation projection KW - parallel corpora Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57498 ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Anja T1 - Wie interpretieren Kinder nur? : Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Erwerb von Informationsstruktur T1 - How children interpret sentences with nur? : Experiments on the acquisition of information structure N2 - Im Zentrum der Arbeit steht die Frage, wie sechsjährige monolingual deutsche Kinder Sätze mit der Fokuspartikel nur interpretieren. In 5 Experimenten wurde untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Oberflächenposition der Fokuspartikel auf das Satzverständnis hat und ob die kontextuelle Einbettung der nur-Sätze zu einer zielsprachlichen Interpretation führt. Im Gegensatz zu den Ergebnissen bisheriger Studien (u.a. Crain, et al. 1994; Paterson et al. 2003) zeigen die Daten der Arbeit, dass die getesteten Kinder die präsentierten nur-Sätze zielsprachlich interpretierten, wenn diese in einen adäquaten Kontext eingebettet waren. Es zeigte sich weiterhin, dass die Kinder mehr Fehler bei der Interpretation von Sätzen mit nur vor dem Subjekt (Nur die Maus hat einen Ball.) als mit nur vor dem Objekt (Die Maus hat nur einen Ball.) machten. Entgegen dem syntaktisch basierten Ansatz von Crain et al. (1994) und dem semantisch-pragmatisch basierten Ansatz von Paterson et al. (2003) werden in der Arbeit informationsstrukturelle Eigenschaften bzw. Unterschiede der nur-Sätze für die beobachteten Leistungen verantwortlich gemacht. Der in der Arbeit postulierte Topik-Default Ansatz nimmt an, dass die Kinder das Subjekt eines Satzes immer als Topik analysieren. Dies führt im Fall der Sätze mit nur vor dem Subjekt zu einer falschen informationsstrukturellen Repräsentation des Satzes. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Arbeit und dem postulierten Topik-Default Ansatz wird in der Arbeit abschließend ein Erwerbsmodell für das Verstehen von Sätzen mit der Fokuspartikel nur entworfen und diskutiert. N2 - Challenging previous accounts of children’s comprehension of focus particles, this study investigated how 6-year-old, German-speaking children interpret sentences with the focus particle nur(‘only’). Five experiments examined 1) whether the surface position of the focus particle has an impact on the sentence comprehension and 2) which role an adequate context plays for a target-like interpretation of a nur-sentence. It is known that in English, up to age 7, sentences with only are not interpreted adult-like. Crain et al. (1992) attributed errors to incorrect scope restrictions of the FP; Paterson et al. (2003) argued that children do not process the contrast information and instead ignore the FP. As oppose to previous research, the present data showed that German-speaking children interpret nur-sentences target-like if the sentences were contextually embedded. Furthermore, the results showed that children performed better on nur-object sentences like Die Maus hat nur einen Ball (‘The mouse has only a ball.’) than on nur-subject sentences like Nur die Maus hat einen Ball. (‘Only the mouse has a ball.’). This study argues that the asymmetry in the interpretation of nur-sentences stems from information-structural characteristics. In particular, I postulate the topic-default account which claims that children recognize the subject of the sentence as the topic by default. As a consequence, children assign an incorrect information structure to sentences with nur before the subject. Finally, based on the empirical findings of this study and on the topic-default account, an acquisition model for the comprehension of sentences with the focus particle nur is developed and discussed. KW - Fokuspartikel KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Spracherwerb KW - Satzverständnis KW - focus particle KW - information structure KW - language acquisition KW - sentence comprehension Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57767 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Siegmüller, Julia ED - Fritzsche, Tom ED - Meyer, Corinna B. ED - Adelt, Anne ED - Roß, Jennifer T1 - Emergenzorientierte Grammatiktherapie auf der Grundlage der PLAN BT - Erste Ergebnisse des DYSTEL-Projektes JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik N2 - 1 Emergenz 2 Grammatische cues 3 Das DYSTEL-Projekt 4 Ergebnisse 5 Diskussion 6 Literatur Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-68469 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 6 SP - 5 EP - 45 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Astrid ED - Fritzsche, Tom ED - Meyer, Corinna B. ED - Adelt, Anne ED - Roß, Jennifer T1 - Diagnostik und Therapie von syntaktischen Störungen bei Aphasie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik N2 - 1 Einleitung 2 Modell der Satzverarbeitung 3 Störungen des Satzverständnisses 4 Störungen der Satzproduktion 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 6 Dank 7 Literatur Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-68484 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1866-9085 VL - 6 SP - 87 EP - 98 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Janine ED - Fritzsche, Tom ED - Meyer, Corinna B. ED - Adelt, Anne ED - Roß, Jennifer T1 - Kindliche Aphasie BT - Verlauf und Prognose JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik N2 - 1 Einleitung 2 Kindliche Aphasie 3 Fallbeispiele 4 Prognose 5 Fazit 6 Literatur Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-68495 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 SP - 99 EP - 113 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Swietza, Romy ED - Fritzsche, Tom ED - Meyer, Corinna B. ED - Adelt, Anne ED - Roß, Jennifer T1 - Fütterstörungen beim velokardiofazialen Syndrom JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik N2 - 1 Einleitung 2 Studie 3 Ausblick 4 Literatur Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-68566 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 6 SP - 201 EP - 202 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schultheiss, Corinna A1 - Nahrstaedt, Holger A1 - Schauer, Thomas A1 - Seidl, Rainer Ottis ED - Fritzsche, Tom ED - Meyer, Corinna B. ED - Adelt, Anne ED - Roß, Jennifer T1 - Evaluation eines Bioimpedanz-EMG-Messsystems zur Schluckerkennung während der pharyngealen Schluckphase JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik N2 - 1 Einleitung 2 Fragestellung 3 Methode 4 Ergebnisse 5 Diskussion 6 Literatur Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-68600 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 6 SP - 225 EP - 231 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Ritz, Julia T1 - Discourse-givenness of noun phrases : theoretical and computational models T1 - Diskursgegebenheit von Nominalphrasen : theoretische und komputationelle Modelle N2 - This thesis gives formal definitions of discourse-givenness, coreference and reference, and reports on experiments with computational models of discourse-givenness of noun phrases for English and German. Definitions are based on Bach's (1987) work on reference, Kibble and van Deemter's (2000) work on coreference, and Kamp and Reyle's Discourse Representation Theory (1993). For the experiments, the following corpora with coreference annotation were used: MUC-7, OntoNotes and ARRAU for Englisch, and TueBa-D/Z for German. As for classification algorithms, they cover J48 decision trees, the rule based learner Ripper, and linear support vector machines. New features are suggested, representing the noun phrase's specificity as well as its context, which lead to a significant improvement of classification quality. N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt formale Definitionen der Konzepte Diskursgegebenheit, Koreferenz und Referenz. Zudem wird über Experimente berichtet, Nominalphrasen im Deutschen und Englischen hinsichtlich ihrer Diskursgegebenheit zu klassifizieren. Die Definitionen basieren auf Arbeiten von Bach (1987) zu Referenz, Kibble und van Deemter (2000) zu Koreferenz und der Diskursrepräsentationstheorie (Kamp und Reyle, 1993). In den Experimenten wurden die koreferenzannotierten Korpora MUC-7, OntoNotes und ARRAU (Englisch) und TüBa-D/Z (Deutsch) verwendet. Sie umfassen die Klassifikationsalgorithmen J48 (Entscheidungsbäume), Ripper (regelbasiertes Lernen) und lineare Support Vector Machines. Mehrere neue Klassifikationsmerkmale werden vorgeschlagen, die die Spezifizität der Nominalphrase messen, sowie ihren Kontext abbilden. Mit Hilfe dieser Merkmale kann eine signifikante Verbesserung der Klassifikation erreicht werden. KW - Diskursgegebenheit KW - Klassifikator KW - Koreferenz KW - Kontext KW - tf-idf KW - discourse-givenness KW - classifier KW - coreference KW - context KW - tf-idf Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70818 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fleischhauer, Elisabeth T1 - Morphological processing in children : an experimental study of German past participles T1 - Morphologische Verarbeitung in Kindern: Eine experimentelle Studie zu deutschen Partizipien N2 - An important strand of research has investigated the question of how children acquire a morphological system using offline data from spontaneous or elicited child language. Most of these studies have found dissociations in how children apply regular and irregular inflection (Marcus et al. 1992, Weyerts & Clahsen 1994, Rothweiler & Clahsen 1993). These studies have considerably deepened our understanding of how linguistic knowledge is acquired and organised in the human mind. Their methodological procedures, however, do not involve measurements of how children process morphologically complex forms in real time. To date, little is known about how children process inflected word forms. The aim of this study is to investigate children’s processing of inflected words in a series of on-line reaction time experiments. We used a cross-modal priming experiment to test for decompositional effects on the central level. We used a speeded production task and a lexical decision task to test for frequency effects on access level in production and recognition. Children’s behaviour was compared to adults’ behaviour towards three participle types (-t participles, e.g. getanzt ‘danced’ vs. -n participles with stem change, e.g. gebrochen ‘broken’ vs.-n participles without stem change, e.g. geschlafen ‘slept’). For the central level, results indicate that -t participles but not -n participles have decomposed representations. For the access level, results indicate that -t participles are represented according to their morphemes and additionally as full forms, at least from the age of nine years onwards (Pinker 1999 and Clahsen et al. 2004). Further evidence suggested that -n participles are represented as full-form entries on access level and that -n participles without stem change may encode morphological structure (cf. Clahsen et al. 2003). Out data also suggests that processing strategies for -t participles are differently applied in recognition and production. These results provide evidence that children (within the age range tested) employ the same mechanisms for processing participles as adults. The child lexicon grows as children form additional full-form representations for -t participles on access level and elaborate their full-form lexical representations of -n participles on central level. These results are consistent with processing as explained in dual-system theories. N2 - Ein wichtiger Forschungsbereich hat anhand von offline Daten erforscht wie Kinder das morphologische System erwerben. Die meisten dieser Studien haben berichtet, dass Kinder die regelmäßige und die unregelmäßige Flexion unterschiedlich anwenden (Marcus et al. 1992, Weyerts & Clahsen 1994, Rothweiler & Clahsen 1993). Diese Studien haben dazu beigetragen den Erwerb und Organisation von linguistischem Wissen besser zu verstehen. Die offline Methoden messen morphologische Verarbeitung allerdings nicht in Echtzeit. Bis heute ist wenig darüber bekannt wie Kinder flektierte Wortformen in Echtzeit verarbeiten. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat diese Frage in 6- bis 11jährigen monolingualen Kindern (in zwei Altersgruppen) und in einer Erwachsenen-Kontrollgruppe anhand von -t Partizipien (z.B. gemacht), -n Partizipien ohne Stammveränderung (z.B. geschlafen) und -n Partizipien mit Stammveränderung (z.B. gebrochen) untersucht. Dekomposition von Partizipien und deren ganzheitliche Speicherung in assoziativen Netzwerken wurden auf zwei Repräsentationsebenen (zentrale Ebene, Zugriffebene) und, auf der Zugriffsebene, in zwei Modalitäten (Produktion, Verstehen) experimentell getestet. Ein cross-modal priming experiment untersuchte die zentrale Repräsentation von Partizipien. Volle morphologische Primingeffekte sprechen für eine dekomponierte Repräsentation, partielle Primingeffekte für ganzheitliche aber verbundene Repräsentationen. In einem speeded production experiment wurde die auditive Zugriffsrepräsentation und in einem lexical decision experiment die visuelle Zugriffsrepräsentation von Partizipien untersucht. (Ganzwort-) Frequenzeffekte wurden als Beleg für Ganzwortrepräsentationen gewertet. Bezüglich der zentralen Ebene zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass -t Partizipien aber nicht -n Partizipien dekomponiert repräsentiert sind. Bezüglich der Zugriffsebene zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass -t Partizipien entsprechend ihrer Morpheme repräsentiert sind und zusätzlich Ganzwortrepräsentationen haben können, zumindest im Altersbereich von Neun- bis Elfjährigen (Pinker 1999 and Clahsen et al. 2004). Weitere Ergebnisse zeigten, dass -n Partizipien auf der Zugriffsebene Ganzwortrepräsentationen haben, und dass -n Partizipien ohne Stammveränderung die morphologische Struktur enkodieren können (cf. Clahsen et al. 2003). Die Daten weisen auch darauf hin, dass die Verarbeitungsstrategien für -t Partizipien, zumindest in Neun- bis Elfjährigen, unterschiedlich angewandt werden. Die Ergebnisse werden als Evidenz dafür interpretiert, dass Kinder (in dem getesteten Altersbereich) dieselben Verarbeitungsmechanismen für Partizipien nutzen wie Erwachsene. Das kindliche Lexikon wächst, wenn Kinder zusätzliche Ganzwortrepräsentationen für -t Partizipien auf der Zugriffsebene bilden und ihre Ganzwortrepräsentationen für -n Partizipien auf der zentralen Ebene ausdifferenzieren. Diese Ergebnisse sind konsistent mit den Annahmen dualer Verarbeitungstheorien. KW - kindliche Sprachverarbeitung KW - Morphologie KW - deutsche Partizipien KW - Dekomposition KW - Lexikon KW - Reaktionszeitmethoden KW - child language KW - morphological processing KW - German past participles KW - decomposition KW - lexicon KW - reaction time methods Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70581 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gollrad, Anja T1 - Prosodic cue weighting in sentence comprehension T1 - Gewichtung prosodischer cues bei der Verarbeitung kasusambiger Strukturen BT - processing German case ambiguous structures N2 - Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die Untersuchung der Gewichtung prosodischer Korrelate der Phrasierung im Deutschen, insbesondere der Dauer- und Grundfrequenzeigenschaften auf der Ebene der phonologischen Phrase (φ) und der Intonationsphrase (ι). Für die prosodische Domäne der phonologischen Phrase und der Intonationsphrase gilt als belegt, dass sie häuptsächlich durch phonetische Parameter der präfinalen Dehnung (Lehiste, 1973; Klatt, 1976; Price et al., 1991; Turk & White, 1999), der Pausendauer (Fant & Kruckenberg, 1996) und der Veränderung der Grundfrequenz (Pierrehumbert, 1980) ausgedrückt werden, wobei die phonetischen grenzmarkierenden Eigenschaften eher quantitativer als qualitativer Natur sind. Ebenfalls ist bekannt, dass auf der anderen Seite Hörer diese phonetischen Eigenschaften der Sprecher nutzen, um die prosodische Struktur einer Äußerung zu ermitteln (Snedeker & Trueswell, 2003; Kraljic & Brennan, 2005). Perzeptuelle Evidenz aus dem Englischen und Niederländischen deuten allerdings darauf hin, dass sich Sprachen hinsichtlich der entscheidenden Korrelate, die für die Perzeption der Domänen konsultiert werden, unterscheiden (Aasland & Baum, 2003; Sanderman & Collier, 1997; Scott, 1982; Streeter, 1978). Die grenzmarkierenden phonetischen Korrelate der Domänen werden in der Perzeption unterschiedlich stark gewichtet, was sich im Konzept eines sprachspezifischen prosodischen cue weightings ausdrückt. Für das Deutsche ist allerdings nicht hinreichend bekannt, welche dieser drei phonetischen Parameter die wichtigste Rolle für die Perzeption der phonologischen Phrasengrenze und der Intonationsphrasengrenze spielt. Ziel der Dissertation war es, diejenigen phonetischen Merkmale zu identifizieren, die für die Perzeption der phonologischen Phrasengrenze und der Intonationsphrasengrenze entscheidend sind und sich somit für die Bildung der jeweiligen prosodischen Phrasengrenze als notwendig herausstellen. Die Identifikation und Gewichtung eines phonetischen Merkmals erfolgte in der vorliegenden Arbeit durch die Effekte prosodischer Manipulation der phonetischen Korrelate an phonologischen Phrasengrenzen und Intonationsphrasengrenzen auf die Disambiguierung lokaler syntaktischer Ambiguitäten in der Perzeption. Der Einfluss einzelner phonetischer Merkmale wurde in einem forced-choice Experiment evaluiert, bei dem Hörern syntaktisch ambige Satzfragmente auditiv präsentiert wurden und ihnen anschließend die Aufgabe zukam, aus einer Auswahl an disambiguierenden Satzvervollständigung zu wählen. Die Anzahl der ausgewählten Satzvervollständigungen pro Satzbedingung änderte sich in Abhängigkeit der prosodischen Manipulation der präfinalen Dehnung, der Pausendauer und der Grundfrequenz, wodurch der Einfluss eines einzelnen phonetischen Merkmals auf den Disambiguierungsprozess sichtbar wurde. Ein phonetischer Parameter wurde genau dann als notwendig klassifiziert, wenn sich durch seine Manipulation die Fähigkeit zur Disambiguierung der syntaktischen Strukturen signifikant reduzierte, oder gänzlich scheiterte, und somit die Wahrnehmung prosodischer Kategorien beinflusst wurde (Heldner, 2001). Hat sich in der Perzeption ein phonetisches Merkmal als notwendig herausgestellt, wurde nachfolgend eine optimalitätstheoretische Modellierung vorgeschlagen, die die phonetischen Eigenschaften auf eine (abstrakte) phonologische Strukturerstellung beschreibt. Dieser Verarbeitungsschritt entspricht dem Teilbereich des Perzeptionsprozesses, der in Boersma & Hamann (2009), Escudero (2009) und Féry et al. (2009) unter anderen als Phonetik-Phonologie-Mapping beschrieben wird. Die Dissertation hat folgende Hauptergebnisse hervorgebracht: (1) Für die Perzeption phonologischer Phrasengrenzen und Intonationsphrasengrenzen werden nicht alle messbaren phonetischen Grenzmarkierungen gleichermaßen stark genutzt. Das phonetische Merkmal der präfinalen Dehnung ist auf der Ebene der kleineren prosodischen Domäne, der phonologischen Phrase, notwendig. Die Information der Grundfrequenz in der Form von Grenztönen ist in der größeren Domäne der Intonationsphrase notwendig und damit ausschlaggebend für die Perzeption der prosodischen Phrasengrenze. (2) Auf der Ebene der φ-Phrase werden phonetische Eigenschaften der segmentalen Dauer in Form präfinalen Dehnung zur Bildung abstrakter phonologischer Repräsentationen herangezogen werden. Längenconstraints schreiben syntaktische Konstituenten aufgrund ihrer Inputdauern einer prosodischen Kategorie zu. Inputdauern der ersten Nominalphrase von 500ms und mehr signalisieren Finalität und sind durch eine φ- Grenze am rechten Rand markiert. Inputdauern von 400ms und weniger signalisieren Kontinuität und werden durch das Ausbleiben einer φ-Grenze am rechten Rand der ersten Nominalphrase markiert. Inputdauern, die zwischen den kritischen Längen von 400ms und 500ms variieren sind bezüglich der Bildung von φ- Grenzen ambig und können in der Perzeption nicht eindeutig disambiguiert werden. (3) Auf der Ebene der ι-Phrase wird die Bildung einer prosodischen Struktur durch die reine tonale Kontur (steigend oder fallend) an der ersten Nominalphrase gelenkt. Eine fallende Grundfrequenzkontur an der ersten Nominalphrase signalisiert Finalität und wird durch eine ι-Grenze am rechten Rand markiert. Eine steigende Kontur an der ersten Nominalphrase signalisiert phrasale Kontinuität und ist bei den vorliegenden Sätzen der Genitivbedingung gerade durch das Ausbleiben einer ι-Grenze auf der phonologischen Repräsentationseben gekennzeichnet. N2 - One of the central questions in psycholinguistic is understanding whether and how prosodic phrase boundaries are used to resolve syntactic ambiguities in sentence processing. The present work aimed to answer both, first, the effects of φ- and ι-boundaries on syntactic ambiguity resolution, and second, how the prosodic correlates of the auditory input are taken for the phonetic-phonology mapping in order to attain a meaningful sentence interpretation. With regard to the first aim, we investigated locally syntactic ambiguities involving either φ- or ι-phrase boundaries in German and the structural preference that listeners have, based on the prosodic content. The experiments described in this work show that German listeners exploit both types of prosodic phrase boundaries to resolve local syntactic ambiguities, that however, their disambiguation altered by the presence or absence of prosodic cues correlated with the corresponding boundary. Specifically, the perception data revealed that the phonetically measured prosodic correlates of each prosodic boundary such as pitch accents, boundary tones, deaccentuation and durational properties do not contribute to ambiguity resolution in equal measure. Rather, it is the case that listeners rely primarily on prefinal lengthening as a correlate of phrasing in the vicinity of φ-phrase boundaries, while at the level of the ι-phrase boundary, boundary tones serve as phrasal cues. This way the results of the present work take account of the as yet missing information on individual contributions of prosodic correlates on listeners’ disambiguation of syntactically ambiguous sentences in German. It further implies that the question of how German listeners resolve syntactic ambiguities cannot simply be attributed to the presence or absence of prosodic correlates. The interpretation of the phrasal structure rather depends on a more general picture of cohesion between prosodic correlates and prosodic boundary sizes. With respect to the second aim, the processing models proposed in the present work describe a specific phonetics-phonology mapping in the vicinity of both phrase boundaries. It is assumed that auditory sentence processing proceeds in several successively organized steps, during which listeners transform overt phonetic forms into language specific abstract surface forms. This process is referred to as phonetics-phonology mapping in the present work. Perceptual evidence resulting from the experiments of the present work suggest that the phonetics-phonology mapping is guided by the above mentioned boundary related prosodic correlates. The resulting abstract phonological structure is subjected to the syntax-prosody mapping, in turn. The outcome of the presented perception experiments are modulated in an Optimality-Theoretic framework. The offered OT-models are grounded on the assumption that single prosodic correlates are used by listeners as a signal to syntax in sentence processing. This is in line with studies arguing that the prosodic phrase structure determines the syntactic parse (Cutler et al., 1997; Warren et al., 1995; Pynte & Prieur, 1996; Snedeker & Trueswell, 2003; Kjelgaard & Speer, 1999), to name just a few. KW - prosody KW - German KW - case ambiguity KW - prosodisch KW - Cue-Gewichtung KW - Ambiguität KW - OT-Modellierung Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-81954 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuschmann, Anja T1 - Dysarthrie bei infantiler Cerebralparese BT - Eine Einzelfallstudie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen primärer Störungsbilder KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - geistige Behinderung KW - primär progessive Aphasie KW - patholinguistics KW - speech therapy KW - mental deficiency KW - primary progessive aphasia Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79808 SP - 137 EP - 143 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ebert, Susanne A1 - Lowit, Anja T1 - Spontansprache bei englischsprachigen Parkinsonpatienten BT - Eine Untersuchung von Pausenverhalten und sprachlichen Kriterien JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen primärer Störungsbilder KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - geistige Behinderung KW - primär progessive Aphasie KW - patholinguistics KW - speech therapy KW - mental deficiency KW - primary progessive aphasia Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79815 SP - 145 EP - 150 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hippeli, Carolin A1 - Rausch, Monika T1 - Subjektive Krankheitstheorien über Kinder mit Late-Talker-Profil BT - Eine qualitative Untersuchung JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen primärer Störungsbilder KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - geistige Behinderung KW - primär progessive Aphasie KW - patholinguistics KW - speech therapy KW - mental deficiency KW - primary progessive aphasia Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79834 SP - 173 EP - 182 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czapka, Sophia A1 - Klassert, Annegret T1 - Fehleranalyse Schreiben (FeSCH) BT - Bi- und monolinguale Kinder im Vergleich JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen primärer Störungsbilder KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - geistige Behinderung KW - primär progessive Aphasie KW - patholinguistics KW - speech therapy KW - mental deficiency KW - primary progessive aphasia Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79857 SP - 201 EP - 208 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reuters, Sabine T1 - Foreign Accent Syndrome BT - Eine perzeptive, linguistische Untersuchung deutschsprachiger Patienten JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen primärer Störungsbilder KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - geistige Behinderung KW - primär progessive Aphasie KW - patholinguistics KW - speech therapy KW - mental deficiency KW - primary progessive aphasia Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79868 SP - 209 EP - 234 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frank, Ulrike A1 - Frank, Katrin A1 - Zimmermann, Heinrich T1 - Effekte einer spezifischen Atemtherapie (Bagging) auf die Atem- und Schluckfunktion bei tracheotomierten Patienten JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen primärer Störungsbilder KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - geistige Behinderung KW - primär progessive Aphasie KW - patholinguistics KW - speech therapy KW - mental deficiency KW - primary progessive aphasia Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79873 SP - 235 EP - 237 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peiffers, Sabine A1 - Frank, Ulrike T1 - Der Einfluss von Körperparametern auf das Schluckvolumen bei gesunden Erwachsenen JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen primärer Störungsbilder KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - geistige Behinderung KW - primär progessive Aphasie KW - patholinguistics KW - speech therapy KW - mental deficiency KW - primary progessive aphasia Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79882 SP - 239 EP - 242 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Trutkowski, Ewa T1 - Topic Drop and Null Subjects in German T2 - Linguistics & Philosophy ; 6 N2 - This study presents new insights into null subjects, topic drop and the interpretation of topic-dropped elements. Besides providing an empirical data survey, it offers explanations to well-known problems, e.g. syncretisms in the context of null-subject licensing or the marginality of dropping an element which carries oblique case. The book constitutes a valuable source for both empirically and theoretically interested (generative) linguists. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-11-044413-1 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Aichert, Ingrid T1 - Die Bausteine der phonetischen Enkodierung : Untersuchungen zum sprechmotorischen Lernen bei Sprechapraxie Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-3-89959-765-3 PB - Der Andere Verlag CY - Tönning ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Watermeyer, Melanie A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Kauschke, Christina T1 - Ausagieren von Sätzen versus Satz-Bild-Zuordnung: Vergleich zweier Methoden zur Untersuchung des Sprachverständnisses anhand von semantisch reversiblen Sätzen mit Objektvoranstellung bei drei- und fünfjährigen Kindern Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Siegmüller, Julia A1 - Fröhling, Astrid A1 - Herrmann, Heike A1 - Gies, Jeannine T1 - Zur Verbesserung des Sprachmodells von Erzieherinnen als Methode zur allgemeinen integrativen Sprachförderung in Kitas - Inputspezifizierung im Kindergarten Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - THES A1 - Oberecker, Regine T1 - Grammatikverarbeitung im Kindesalter : EKP-Studien zum auditorischen Satzverstehen T2 - MPI series in human cognitive and brain sciences Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-936816-67-9 VL - 93 PB - MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences CY - Leipzig ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hellmuth, Sam A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros T1 - Information Structure in Linguistic Theory and in Speech Production: Validation of a Cross-Linguistics Data Set Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kügler, Frank A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros A1 - Verhoeven, Elisabeth T1 - Encoding Information structure in Yucatec Maya: on the Interplay of Prosody and Syntax Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Stede, Manfred T1 - Korpusgestützte Textanalyse : Grundzüge der Ebenen-orientierten Textlinguistik Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-8233-6301-9 SN - 0941-8105 PB - Narr CY - Tübingen ER - TY - THES A1 - Schmidt-Kassow, Maren T1 - What? beat got to do with it? The influence of meter on syntactic processing: ERP evidence from healthy and patient populations T2 - MPI series in human cognitive and brain sciences Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-936816-63-1 VL - 89 PB - MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences CY - Leipzig ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kügler, Frank T1 - The intonational phonology of Swabian and Upper Saxon JF - Linguistische Arbeiten Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-484-30515-1 VL - 515 PB - Niemeyer CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline T1 - Information structural notions and the fallacy of invariant correlates Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-939469-88-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puritz, Caroline A1 - Seidl, Rainer Ottis A1 - Frank, Ulrike T1 - Die Auswirkungen des Lee Silverman Voice Treatments (LSVT) auf die kortikalen Repräsentation der Schluckmuskulatur bei Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Siegmüller, Julia A1 - Fröhling, Astrid A1 - Gies, Jeannine A1 - Herrmann, Heike A1 - Konopatsch, Saskia A1 - Pötter, Gitta T1 - Sprachförderung als grundsätzliches Begleitelement im Kindergartenalltag : Das Modell PräSES als Beispiel Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Bleser, Ria A1 - Schwarz, Wolfgang A1 - Burchert, Frank T1 - Quantitative neurosyntactic analyses : the final word? Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0093934X U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2005.06.010 SN - 0093-934X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmitz, M. A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Habituierung und Dishabituierung als Maße der perzeptuellen und kognitiven Entwicklung : Methoden und Anwendungsbereiche Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-8017-1898-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Frauke A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Weissenborn, Jürgen T1 - German 4-year-olds comprehension of sentences containing the focus particle "auch" (also) : evidence from eye- tracking Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline T1 - The fallacy of invariant phonological correlates of Information structural Notions Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-939469-88-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van de Vijver, Ruben A1 - Hellmuth, Sam A1 - Kügler, Frank A1 - Mayer, Jörg A1 - Stoel, Ruben T1 - Phonology and intonation Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-939469-66- 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros T1 - Contrastive Topics in Pairing Answers : a Cross-Linguistic Production Study Y1 - 2007 SN - 3-11-019315-9 ER - TY - THES A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - Phase syntax : the polish genitive of negation Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline T1 - The prosodic basis of of Topicalization Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-90-272-3364-6 ER - TY - THES A1 - Paulmann, Silke T1 - Electrophysiological evidence on the processing of emotional prosody : insights from healthy and patient populations T2 - MPI series in human cognitive and brain sciences Y1 - 2006 SN - 3-936816-45-X VL - 71 PB - MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences CY - Leipzig ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drenhaus, Heiner A1 - Beim Graben, Peter A1 - Saddy, Douglas A1 - Frisch, Stefan T1 - Diagnosis and repair of negative polarity constructions in the light of symbolic resonance analysis N2 - in a post hoc analysis, we investigate differences in event-related potentials of two studies (Drenhaus et al., 2004, to appear; Saddy et al., 2004) by using the symbolic resonance analysis (Beim Graben & Kurths, 2003). The studies under discussion, examined the failure to license a negative polarity item (NPI) in German: Saddy et al. (2004a) reported an N400 component when the NPI was not accurately licensed by negation; Drenhaus et al. (2004, to appear) considered additionally the influence of constituency of the licensor in NPI constructions. A biphasic N400-P600 response was found for the two induced violations (the lack of licensor and the inaccessibility of negation in a relative clause). The symbolic resonance analysis (SRA) revealed an effect in the P600 time window for the data in Saddy et al., which was not found by using the averaging technique. The SRA of the ERPs in Drenhaus et al., showed that the P600 components are distinguishable concerning the amplitude and latency. It was smaller and earlier in the condition where the licensor is inaccessible, compared to the condition without negation in the string. Our findings suggest that the failure in licensing NPIs is not exclusively related to semantic integration costs (N400). The elicited P600 components reflect differences in syntactic processing. Our results confirm and replicate the effects of the traditional voltage average analysis and show that the SRA is a useful tool to reveal and pull apart ERP differences which are not evident using the traditional voltage average analysis. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0093934X U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2005.05.001 SN - 0093-934X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Samek-Lodovici, Vieri T1 - Focus projection and prosodic prominence in nested foci Y1 - 2006 UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/language/ SN - 0097-8507 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grabski, Michael A1 - Stede, Manfred T1 - Bei : intraclausal coherence relations illustrated with a German preposition N2 - Coherence relations are typically taken to link two clauses or larger units and to be signaled at the text surface by conjunctions and certain adverbials. Relations, however, also can hold within clauses, indicated by prepositions like despite, due to, or in case of, when these have an internal argument denoting an eventuality. Although these prepositions act as reliable cues to indicate a specific relation, others are lexically more neutral. We investigated this situation for the German preposition bei, which turns out to be highly ambiguous. We demonstrate the range of readings in a corpus study, proposing 6 more specific prepositions as a comprehensive substitution set. All these uses of bei share a common kernel meaning, which is missed by the standard accounts that assume lexical polysemy. We examine the range of coherence relations that can be signaled by bei and provide some factors here supporting the disambiguation task in a framework of discourse interpretation Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.informaworld.com/0163-853X U6 - https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326950dp4102_5 SN - 0163-853X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hazan, Valerie A1 - Sennema, Anke A1 - Faulkner, Andrew A1 - Ortega-Llebaria, Marta A1 - Iba, Midori A1 - Chung, Hyunsong T1 - The use of visual cues in the perception of non-native consonant contrasts N2 - This study assessed the extent to which second-language learners are sensitive to phonetic information contained in visual cues when identifying a non-native phonemic contrast. In experiment 1, Spanish and Japanese learners of English were tested on their perception of a labial/labiodental consonant contrast in audio (A), visual (V), and audio-visual (AV) modalities. Spanish students showed better performance overall, and much greater sensitivity to visual cues than Japanese students. Both learner groups achieved higher scores in the A V than in the A test condition, thus showing evidence of audio-visual benefit. Experiment 2 examined the perception of the less visually-salient /1/-/r/ contrast in Japanese and Korean learners of English. Korean learners obtained much higher scores in auditory and audio- visual conditions than in the visual condition, while Japanese learners generally performed poorly in both modalities. Neither. group showed evidence of audio-visual benefit. These results show the impact of the language background of the learner and visual salience of the contrast on the use of visual cues for a non-native contrast. Significant correlations between scores in the auditory and visual conditions suggest that increasing auditory proficiency in identifying a non-native contrast is linked with an increasing proficiency in using visual cues to the contrast. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://scitation.aip.org/jasa/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2166611 SN - 0001-4966 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline T1 - Gradient Perception of Intonation Y1 - 2006 SN - 0-19-927479-7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gies, Jeannine T1 - Phonologischer Erwerb ab dem zweiten Lebensjahr Y1 - 2006 SN - 3-437-47780-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gies, Jeannine T1 - Erwerb der Phone Y1 - 2006 SN - 3-437-47780-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - van de Vijver, Ruben A1 - Weisenborn, J. T1 - Word processing at 19 months at its relation to language performance at 30 months : a retrospective analysis of data from German learning children Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ott, Susan A1 - van de Vijver, Ruben A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - The effect of phonotactic constraints in German-speaking children with delayed phonological acquisition : Evidence from production of word-initial consonant clusters Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pelzer, Lydia A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Processing of morphological markers as a cue to syntactic phrases by 10-month-olds German-learning infants Y1 - 2006 SN - 1847180280 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmitz, Michaela A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Weissenborn, Jürgen T1 - The recognition of the prosodic focus position in German-Learning Infants from 4 to 14 Months Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, A. A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Schmitz, M. A1 - Weissenborn, Jürgen T1 - Focus-to-stress alignment in 4- to 5-year-old German-learning children Y1 - 2006 SN - 1847180280 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Schmitz, M. A1 - Santelmann, L. M. A1 - Weissenborn, Jürgen T1 - The recognition of discontinuous verbal dependencies by German 19-month-olds : evidence for lexical and structural influences on childrens early processing capacities Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - van de Vijver, Ruben A1 - Bartels, Sonja A1 - Weissenborn, Jürgen T1 - Phonological specificity of early lexical representations in German 19-month-olds at risk for SLI Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pelzer, Lydia A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - The impact of morphological markers on infants' and adults' speech processing Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - THES A1 - Stepanov, Arthur T1 - Recursion in natural language syntax: a minimalist perspective Y1 - 2005 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kasimir, Elke T1 - Question-answer test and givenness : some question marks Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-937786-01-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weskott, Thomas T1 - Stopn bashing givenness! a note on Elke Kasimir's "Question-answer test and givenness" Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-937786-01-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sennema, Anke A1 - van de Vijver, Ruben A1 - Carroll, Susanne E. A1 - Zimmer-Stahl, Anne T1 - Focus accent, word lenght and position as cues to L1 and L2 word recognition Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-937786-01-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - Swoboda-Moll, Maria A1 - De Bleser, Ria T1 - Tense and Agreement dissociations in German agrammatic speakers : Underspecification vs. hierarchy N2 - The aim of the present paper was to investigate whether German agrammatic production data are compatible with the Tree-Pruning-Hypothesis (TPH; Friedmann & Grodzinsky, 1997). The theory predicts unidirectional patterns of dissociation in agrammatic production data with respect to Tense and Agreement. However, there was evidence of a double dissociation between Tense and Agreement in our data. The presence of a bidirectional dissociation is incompatible with any theory which assumes a hierarchical order between these categories such as the TPH or other versions thereof (such as Lee's, 2003 top-down hypothesis). It will be argued that the data can better be accounted for by relying on newer linguistic theories such as the Minimalist Program (MP, Chomsky, 2000), which does not assume a hierarchical order between independent syntactic Tense and Agreement nodes but treats them as different features (semantically interpretable vs. uninterpretable) under a single node. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carroll, Susanne E. T1 - Input and SLA : Adults' sensitivity to different sorts of cues to French gender N2 - All second language (L2) learning theories presuppose that learners learn the target language from the speech signal (or written material, when learners are reading), so an understanding of learners' ability to detect and represent novel patterns in linguistic stimuli will constitute a major building block in an adequate theory of second language acquisition (SLA) input. Pattern detection, a mainstay of current connectionist modeling of language learning, presupposes a sensitivity to particular properties of the signal. Learning abstract grammatical knowledge from the signal presupposes, as well, the capacity to map phonetic properties of the signal onto properties of another type (segments and syllables, morpheme categories, and so on). Thus, even seemingly "simple" grammatical phenomena may embody complex structural knowledge and be instantiated by a plethora of diverse cues. Moreover, cues have no a priori status; a phenomenon of a given sort takes on a value as a cue when acquisition of the grammatical system reveals it to be useful. My study deals with initial sensitivity to cues to gender attribution in French. Andersen (1984) asked: "What's gender good for anyway?" One answer comes from a number of studies, done mostly in the last 20 years, of gender processing by both monolingual and bilingual speakers (among many others, Bates, Devescovi, Hernandez, & Pizzamiglio, 1996; Bates & Liu, 1997; Friederici & Jacobsen, 1990; Grosjean, Dommergues, Cornu, Guillemon, & Besson, 1994; Guillemon & Grosjean, 2001; Taft & Meunier, 1998). These studies provide evidence that in monolinguals and early (but not late) L2 learners, prenominal morphosyntactic exponents of gender prime noun activation and speed up noun recognition. Over the same period, a growing number of studies detailing the course of L2 gender acquisition for a variety of different target languages and learner types (e.g., Bartning, 2000; Chini, 1995; Dewaele & Veronique, 2000; Granfeldt, 2003; Hawkins & Franceschina, 2004) have provided support for the hypothesis that developmental paths differ for early and later learners of gender. Yet despite its obvious importance to SLA theorizing, few studies have dealt directly with adult learners' ability to detect and analyze potential cues to gender at the initial stage of exposure to the L2 (and this despite considerable discussion in recent years of the nature of the "initial state" of L2 learning). The study reported on in this article, which was actually conducted in the late 1980s, was an attempt to shed some light on what the beginning learner can do with the gender attribution problem. This study was, at that time, and is even now, an anomaly; most research dealing with "input" provided descriptions of what people say to learners, not what learners can perceive and represent. Indeed, most studies that shed light on the initial analytical capacities of absolute beginners were concerned with "perceptual" learning, that is, with the acquisition of phonetic or phonological distinctions (e.g., Broselow, Hurtig, & Ringen's [19871 study of tone learning or various studies on the perception of the /r/ vs. /l/ phonemes in American English by Ja Y1 - 2005 SN - 0023-8333 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - Weldlich, C. A1 - De Bleser, Ria T1 - Focus in the left periphery : a cue to agrammatic sentence comprehension? Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - Swoboda-Moll, Maria A1 - De Bleser, Ria T1 - The left periphery in agrammatic clausal representations : evidence from German N2 - Recently, neurolinguistic explanations informed by linguistic theory have been proposed to account for spontaneous and elicited agrammatic speech production. These are either formulated in terms of impaired representations or they refer to impaired processing. Both have in common that they assume severe disorders of question production due to vulnerability of the left periphery of sentence structures in the representational account, of verb movement in the processing account. We report the results of question elicitation and spontaneous speech analysis in eight chronic German agrammatic speakers. The results indicate that there is not one homogeneous agrammatic pattern, but that the data reveal double dissociations which cannot be accounted for by the unitary explanations of agrammatism which are presently available. An alternative explanation will be provided which-in contrast to the representational account not only refers to global hierarchically organized nodes but relies on linguistic differences within these nodes. The assumption that they can be differentially affected in agrammatism can account for the observed patterns. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perani, Daniela A1 - Abutalebi, Jubin T1 - The neural basis of first and second language processing N2 - Fundamental breakthroughs in the neurosciences, combined with technical innovations for measuring brain activity, are shedding new light on the neural basis of second language (L2) processing, and on its relationship to native language processing (L1). The long-held assumption that L1 and L2 are necessarily represented in different brain regions in bilinguals has not been confirmed. On the contrary, the available evidence indicates that L1 and L2 are processed by the same neural devices. The neural differences in L1 and L2 representations are only related to the specific computational demands, which vary according to the age of acquisition, the degree of mastery and the level of exposure to each language. Finally, the acquisition of L2 could be considered as a dynamic process, requiring additional neural resources in specific circumstances Y1 - 2005 SN - 0959-4388 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Bleser, Ria A1 - Marshall, J. C. T1 - Egon Weigl and the concept of inner speech Y1 - 2005 SN - 0010-9452 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Allefeld, Carsten A1 - Frisch, Stefan A1 - Schlesewsky, Matthias T1 - Detection of early cognitive processing by event-related phase synchronization analysis N2 - In order to investigate the temporal characteristics of cognitive processing, we apply multivariate phase synchronization analysis to event-related potentials. The experimental design combines a semantic incongruity in a sentence context with a physical mismatch (color change). In the ERP average, these result in an N400 component and a P300-like positivity, respectively. Synchronization analysis shows an effect of global desynchronization in the theta band around 288 ms after stimulus presentation for the semantic incongruity, while the physical mismatch elicits an increase of global synchronization in the alpha band around 204 ms. Both of these effects clearly precede those in the ERP aver-age. Moreover, the delay between synchronization effect and ERP component correlates with the complexity Of the cognitive processes. (C) 2005 Lippincott Williams Wilkins Y1 - 2005 SN - 0959-4965 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beim Graben, Peter T1 - Symbolic resonance analysis of event-related potentials distinguishes different physiological processes Y1 - 2005 SN - 0898-929X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thompson, Sandra A. A1 - Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth T1 - The clause as a locus of grammar and interaction N2 - This article draws on work at the interface of grammar and interaction to argue that the clause is a locus of interaction, in the sense that it is one of the most frequent grammatical formats which speakers orient to in projecting what actions are being done by others' utterances and in acting on these projections. Yet the way in which the clause affords grammatical projectability varies significantly from language to language. In fact, it depends on the nature of the clausal grammatical formats which are available as resources in a language: in some languages these allow early projection in the turn unit (as in English), in others they do not (as in Japanese). We focus here on these two languages and show that their variable grammatical projectability has repercussions on the way in which three interactional phenomena - next-turn onset, co-construction, and turn-unit extension - are realized in the respective speech communities. In each case the practices used are precisely the ones which the clausal grammatical formats in the given language promote. The evidence thus suggests that clauses are interactionally warranted, if variably built, formats for social action Y1 - 2005 SN - 1461-4456 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Ishihara, Shinichiro T1 - Phonetic correlates of Second occurrence Focus Y1 - 2005 SN - 1-4196-5252-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline T1 - Laute und leise Prosodie Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-11-018871-6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Morimoto, Yokiko A1 - Mchombo, Sam T1 - Partitioning Discourse Information : a case Chichewa split constituents Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Hartmann, Katharina T1 - The Focus and prosodic structure of German Gapping and right Node Raising Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - THES A1 - Menzel, Barbara T1 - Genuszuweisung im DaF-Erwerb : psycholinguistische Prozesse und didaktische Implikationen T2 - Berliner Beiträge zur Linguistik Y1 - 2004 SN - 3-89998-018-2 SN - 1612-8524 VL - 1 PB - Weißensee-Verl. CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - De Bleser, Ria A1 - Cholewa, Jürgen A1 - Stadie, Nicole A1 - Tabatabaie, Sia T1 - LEMO - Lexikon modellorientiert : Einzelfalldiagnostik bei Aphasie, Dyslexie und Dysgraphie ; Diagnostikband Lesen, Schreiben Y1 - 2004 SN - 3-437-47960-1 PB - Urban & Fischer CY - München ER - TY - THES A1 - Wolf, Angelika T1 - Sprachverstehen mit Cochlea-Implantat : EKP-Studien mit postlingual ertaubten erwachsenen CI-Trägern T2 - MPI series in human cognitive and brain sciences Y1 - 2004 SN - 3-936816-17-4 VL - 44 PB - Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften CY - Leipzig ER - TY - BOOK A1 - De Bleser, Ria A1 - Cholewa, Jürgen A1 - Stadie, Nicole A1 - Tabatabaie, Sia T1 - LEMO - Lexikon modellorientiert : Einzelfalldiagnostik bei Aphasie, Dyslexie und Dysgraphie ; Diagnostikband Lexikalisches Entscheiden, Nachsprechen Y1 - 2004 SN - 3-437-47960-1 PB - Urban & Fischer CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Böhning, Marita A1 - Starke, Franziska A1 - Weissenborn, Jürgen T1 - Fast Mapping in Williams syndrome : a single case study Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Sprachwahrnehmung und Spracherwerb im ersten Lebensjahr Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stadie, Nicole A1 - Rilling, Eva T1 - Evaluation of lexically and nonlexically based reading treatment in a deep dyslexic N2 - The aim of the single case study was to evaluate two different treatment procedures to improve reading skills with a German-speaking deep dyslexic. Generally, in treatment studies for deep dyslexia, retraining of grapheme-phoneme correspondences is described, but hardly any treatment focuses on reactivating residual functions of the semantic- lexical route. This strategy was explored here with an experimentally presented priming paradigm, to implicitly strengthen residual skills of lexical access with semantically/phonologically related primes (lexically based treatment). In contrast, grapheme-phoneme associations and blending were explicitly relearned during a nonlexically based treatment. Stimuli were controlled for part of speech, word length, and frequency. A cross-over design to identify item- and treatment-specific effects for both procedures was applied. Results indicate positive outcomes with respect to treatment-specific effects for both procedures, generalization to untrained items, and a transfer task after the nonlexically based procedure. All effects remained stable in the follow-up assessment. Implications for theoretically/ empirically generated expectations about treatment outcomes are discussed Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02643290500538364 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Siegmüller, Julia A1 - Kauschke, Christina T1 - Patholinguistische Therapie bei Sprachentwicklungsstörungen Y1 - 2006 SN - 3-437-47800-1 PB - Urban & Fischer CY - München ER - TY - THES A1 - Lück, Monika T1 - Die Verarbeitung morphologisch komplexer Wörter bei Kindern im Schulalter : Neurophysiologische Korrelate der Entwicklung T2 - MPI series in human cognitive and brain sciences Y1 - 2006 SN - 978-3-936816-64-6 VL - 90 PB - MPI CY - Leipzig ER - TY - BOOK ED - Siegmüller, Julia ED - Bartels, Henrik T1 - Leitfaden Sprache - Sprechen - Stimme - Schlucken Y1 - 2006 SN - 978-3-437-47780-5 PB - Urban und Fischer CY - München, Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rausch, P. A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - De Bleser, Ria T1 - Parallels in the breakdown of CP and DP-internal movement processes in agrammatism : a preliminary case study Y1 - 2005 SN - 0093-934X ER -