TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tötzke, Christian
A1  - Cermak, Jan
A1  - Nadezhdina, Nadezhda
A1  - Tributsch, Helmut
T1  - Electrochemical in-situ studies of solar mediated oxygen transport and turnover dynamics in a tree trunk of Tilia cordata
JF  - iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry
N2  - Platinum electrodes were implanted into the xylem of a lime tree (Tilia cordata) stem and solar- induced electrochemical potential differences of up to 120 mV were measured during the vegetative period and up to 30 mV in winter. The time dependent curves were found to be delayed with respect to solar radiation, sap flow activity, temperature and vapor pressure deficit. A general equation for the potential difference was derived and simplified by analyzing the effect of temperature and tensile strength. The potential determining influence of oxygen concentration on the respective location of the platinum electrode was identified as the principal phenomenon measured. A systematic analysis and investigation of the observed periodic oxygen concentration signals promises new information on sap flow, oxygen diffusion through tree tissues and on oxygen consumption related to the energy turnover in tree tissues.
KW  - Tree Stems
KW  - Oxygen Transport
KW  - Xylem
KW  - Sap Flow
KW  - Tree Metabolism
KW  - Electrical Potential
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1681-010
SN  - 1971-7458
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
SP  - 355
EP  - 361
PB  - SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology
CY  - Potenza
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Frieler, Katja
A1  - Schauberger, Bernhard
A1  - Arneth, Almut
A1  - Balkovic, Juraj
A1  - Chryssanthacopoulos, James
A1  - Deryng, Delphine
A1  - Elliott, Joshua
A1  - Folberth, Christian
A1  - Khabarov, Nikolay
A1  - Müller, Christoph
A1  - Olin, Stefan
A1  - Pugh, Thomas A. M.
A1  - Schaphoff, Sibyll
A1  - Schewe, Jacob
A1  - Schmid, Erwin
A1  - Warszawski, Lila
A1  - Levermann, Anders
T1  - Understanding the weather signal in national crop-yield variability
JF  - Earths future
N2  - Year-to-year variations in crop yields can have major impacts on the livelihoods of subsistence farmers and may trigger significant global price fluctuations, with severe consequences for people in developing countries. Fluctuations can be induced by weather conditions, management decisions, weeds, diseases, and pests. Although an explicit quantification and deeper understanding of weather-induced crop-yield variability is essential for adaptation strategies, so far it has only been addressed by empirical models. Here, we provide conservative estimates of the fraction of reported national yield variabilities that can be attributed to weather by state-of-the-art, process-based crop model simulations. We find that observed weather variations can explain more than 50% of the variability in wheat yields in Australia, Canada, Spain, Hungary, and Romania. For maize, weather sensitivities exceed 50% in seven countries, including the United States. The explained variance exceeds 50% for rice in Japan and South Korea and for soy in Argentina. Avoiding water stress by simulating yields assuming full irrigation shows that water limitation is a major driver of the observed variations in most of these countries. Identifying the mechanisms leading to crop-yield fluctuations is not only fundamental for dampening fluctuations, but is also important in the context of the debate on the attribution of loss and damage to climate change. Since process-based crop models not only account for weather influences on crop yields, but also provide options to represent human-management measures, they could become essential tools for differentiating these drivers, and for exploring options to reduce future yield fluctuations.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EF000525
SN  - 2328-4277
VL  - 5
SP  - 605
EP  - 616
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hodgkins, Suzanne B.
A1  - Richardson, Curtis J.
A1  - Dommain, Rene
A1  - Wang, Hongjun
A1  - Glaser, Paul H.
A1  - Verbeke, Brittany
A1  - Winkler, B. Rose
A1  - Cobb, Alexander R.
A1  - Rich, Virginia I.
A1  - Missilmani, Malak
A1  - Flanagan, Neal
A1  - Ho, Mengchi
A1  - Hoyt, Alison M.
A1  - Harvey, Charles F.
A1  - Vining, S. Rose
A1  - Hough, Moira A.
A1  - Moore, Tim R.
A1  - Richard, Pierre J. H.
A1  - De la Cruz, Florentino B.
A1  - Toufaily, Joumana
A1  - Hamdan, Rasha
A1  - Cooper, William T.
A1  - Chanton, Jeffrey P.
T1  - Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 degrees C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06050-2
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Graf, Lukas
A1  - Moreno-de-las-Heras, Mariano
A1  - Ruiz, Maurici
A1  - Calsamiglia, Aleix
A1  - García-Comendador, Julián
A1  - Fortesa, Josep
A1  - López-Tarazón, José A.
A1  - Estrany, Joan
T1  - Accuracy assessment of digital terrain model dataset sources for hydrogeomorphological modelling in small mediterranean catchments
JF  - Remote sensing
N2  - Digital terrain models (DTMs) are a fundamental source of information in Earth sciences. DTM-based studies, however, can contain remarkable biases if limitations and inaccuracies in these models are disregarded. In this work, four freely available datasets, including Shuttle Radar Topography Mission C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SRTM C-SAR V3 DEM), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Map (ASTER GDEM V2), and two nationwide airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived DTMs (at 5-m and 1-m spatial resolution, respectively) were analysed in three geomorphologically contrasting, small (3–5 km2) catchments located in Mediterranean landscapes under intensive human influence (Mallorca Island, Spain). Vertical accuracy as well as the influence of each dataset’s characteristics on hydrological and geomorphological modelling applicability were assessed by using ground-truth data, classic geometric and morphometric parameters, and a recently proposed index of sediment connectivity. Overall vertical accuracy—expressed as the root mean squared error (RMSE) and normalised median deviation (NMAD)—revealed the highest accuracy for the 1-m (RMSE = 1.55 m; NMAD = 0.44 m) and 5-m LiDAR DTMs (RMSE = 1.73 m; NMAD = 0.84 m). Vertical accuracy of the SRTM data was lower (RMSE = 6.98 m; NMAD = 5.27 m), but considerably higher than for the ASTER data (RMSE = 16.10 m; NMAD = 11.23 m). All datasets were affected by systematic distortions. Propagation of these errors and coarse horizontal resolution caused negative impacts on flow routing, stream network, and catchment delineation, and to a lower extent, on the distribution of slope values. These limitations should be carefully considered when applying DTMs for catchment hydrogeomorphological modelling.
KW  - digital terrain models
KW  - DTM vertical accuracy
KW  - DTM comparison
KW  - hydrogeomorphological modelling
KW  - Mediterranean catchments
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10122014
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 10
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Skinner, Christopher J.
A1  - Coulthard, Tom J.
A1  - Schwanghart, Wolfgang
A1  - Van De Wiel, Marco J.
A1  - Hancock, Greg
T1  - Global sensitivity analysis of parameter uncertainty in landscape evolution models
JF  - Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - The evaluation and verification of landscape evolution models (LEMs) has long been limited by a lack of suitable observational data and statistical measures which can fully capture the complexity of landscape changes. This lack of data limits the use of objective function based evaluation prolific in other modelling fields, and restricts the application of sensitivity analyses in the models and the consequent assessment of model uncertainties. To overcome this deficiency, a novel model function approach has been developed, with each model function representing an aspect of model behaviour, which allows for the application of sensitivity analyses. The model function approach is used to assess the relative sensitivity of the CAESAR-Lisflood LEM to a set of model parameters by applying the Morris method sensitivity analysis for two contrasting catchments. The test revealed that the model was most sensitive to the choice of the sediment transport formula for both catchments, and that each parameter influenced model behaviours differently, with model functions relating to internal geomorphic changes responding in a different way to those relating to the sediment yields from the catchment outlet. The model functions proved useful for providing a way of evaluating the sensitivity of LEMs in the absence of data and methods for an objective function approach.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4873-2018
SN  - 1991-959X
SN  - 1991-9603
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
SP  - 4873
EP  - 4888
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marrucci, Monica
A1  - Zeilinger, Gerold
A1  - Ribolini, Adriano
A1  - Schwanghart, Wolfgang
T1  - Origin of Knickpoints in an Alpine Context Subject to Different Perturbing Factors, Stura Valley, Maritime Alps (North-Western Italy)
JF  - Geosciences
N2  - Natural catchments are likely to show the existence of knickpoints in their river networks. The origin and genesis of the knickpoints can be manifold, considering that the present morphology is the result of the interactions of different factors such as tectonic movements, quaternary glaciations, river captures, variable lithology, and base-level changes. We analyzed the longitudinal profiles of the river channels in the Stura di Demonte Valley (Maritime Alps) to identify the knickpoints of such an alpine setting and to characterize their origins. The distribution and the geometry of stream profiles were used to identify the possible causes of the changes in stream gradients and to define zones with genetically linked knickpoints. Knickpoints are key geomorphological features for reconstructing the evolution of fluvial dissected basins, when the different perturbing factors affecting the ideally graded fluvial system have been detected. This study shows that even in a regionally small area, perturbations of river profiles are caused by multiple factors. Thus, attributing (automatically)-extracted knickpoints solely to one factor, can potentially lead to incomplete interpretations of catchment evolution.
KW  - knickpoint
KW  - river longitudinal profile
KW  - Maritime Alps
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120443
SN  - 2076-3263
VL  - 8
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bormann, Helge
A1  - de Brito, Mariana Madruga
A1  - Charchousi, Despoina
A1  - Chatzistratis, Dimitris
A1  - David, Amrei
A1  - Grosser, Paula Farina
A1  - Kebschull, Jenny
A1  - Konis, Alexandros
A1  - Koutalakis, Paschalis
A1  - Korali, Alkistis
A1  - Krauzig, Naomi
A1  - Meier, Jessica
A1  - Meliadou, Varvara
A1  - Meinhardt, Markus
A1  - Munnelly, Kieran
A1  - Stephan, Christiane
A1  - de Vos, Leon Frederik
A1  - Dietrich, Jörg
A1  - Tzoraki, Ourania
T1  - Impact of Hydrological Modellers’ Decisions and Attitude on the Performance of a Calibrated Conceptual Catchment Model
BT  - Results from a ‘Modelling Contest’
JF  - Hydrology
N2  - In this study, 17 hydrologists with different experience in hydrological modelling applied the same conceptual catchment model (HBV) to a Greek catchment, using identical data and model code. Calibration was performed manually. Subsequently, the modellers were asked for their experience, their calibration strategy, and whether they enjoyed the exercise. The exercise revealed that there is considerable modellers’ uncertainty even among the experienced modellers. It seemed to be equally important whether the modellers followed a good calibration strategy, and whether they enjoyed modelling. The exercise confirmed previous studies about the benefit of model ensembles: Different combinations of the simulation results (median, mean) outperformed the individual model simulations, while filtering the simulations even improved the quality of the model ensembles. Modellers’ experience, decisions, and attitude, therefore, have an impact on the hydrological model application and should be considered as part of hydrological modelling uncertainty.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology5040064
SN  - 2306-5338
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Puppe, Daniel
A1  - Wanner, Manfred
A1  - Sommer, Michael
T1  - Data on euglyphid testate amoeba densities, corresponding protozoic silicon pools, and selected soil parameters of initial and forested biogeosystems
JF  - Data in brief
N2  - The dataset in the present article provides information on protozoic silicon (Si) pools represented by euglyphid testate amoebae (TA) in soils of initial and forested biogeosystems. Protozoic Si pools were calculated from densities of euglyphid TA shells and corresponding Si contents. The article also includes data on potential annual biosilicification rates of euglyphid TA at the examined sites. Furthermore, data on selected soil parameters (e.g., readily-available Si, soil pH) and site characteristics (e.g., soil groups, climate data) can be found. The data might be interesting for researchers focusing on biological processes in Si cycling in general and euglyphid TA and corresponding protozoic Si pools in particular.
KW  - Silicon cycling
KW  - Biogenic silica
KW  - Terrestrial biogeosystems
KW  - Biosilicification
KW  - Euglyphida
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.164
SN  - 2352-3409
VL  - 21
SP  - 1697
EP  - 1703
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hellwig, Niels
A1  - Tatti, Dylan
A1  - Sartori, Giacomo
A1  - Anschlag, Kerstin
A1  - Graefe, Ulfert
A1  - Egli, Markus
A1  - Gobat, Jean-Michel
A1  - Broll, Gabriele
T1  - Modeling spatial patterns of humus forms in montane and subalpine forests
BT  - implications of local variability for upscaling
JF  - Sustainability
N2  - Humus forms are a distinctive morphological indicator of soil organic matter decomposition. The spatial distribution of humus forms depends on environmental factors such as topography, climate and vegetation. In montane and subalpine forests, environmental influences show a high spatial heterogeneity, which is reflected by a high spatial variability of humus forms. This study aims at examining spatial patterns of humus forms and their dependence on the spatial scale in a high mountain forest environment (Val di Sole/Val di Rabbi, Trentino, Italian Alps). On the basis of the distributions of environmental covariates across the study area, we described humus forms at the local scale (six sampling sites), slope scale (60 sampling sites) and landscape scale (30 additional sampling sites). The local variability of humus forms was analyzed with regard to the ground cover type. At the slope and landscape scale, spatial patterns of humus forms were modeled applying random forests and ordinary kriging of the model residuals. The results indicate that the occurrence of the humus form classes Mull, Mullmoder, Moder, Amphi and Eroded Moder generally depends on the topographical position. Local-scale patterns are mostly related to micro-topography (local accumulation and erosion sites) and ground cover, whereas slope-scale patterns are mainly connected with slope exposure and elevation. Patterns at the landscape scale show a rather irregular distribution, as spatial models at this scale do not account for local to slope-scale variations of humus forms. Moreover, models at the slope scale perform distinctly better than at the landscape scale. In conclusion, the results of this study highlight that landscape-scale predictions of humus forms should be accompanied by local- and slope-scale studies in order to enhance the general understanding of humus form patterns.
KW  - soil organic matter decomposition
KW  - spatial modeling
KW  - random forest
KW  - multi-scale analysis
KW  - forest soils
KW  - Italian Alps
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010048
SN  - 2071-1050
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rusak, James A.
A1  - Tanentzap, Andrew J.
A1  - Klug, Jennifer L.
A1  - Rose, Kevin C.
A1  - Hendricks, Susan P.
A1  - Jennings, Eleanor
A1  - Laas, Alo
A1  - Pierson, Donald C.
A1  - Ryder, Elizabeth
A1  - Smyth, Robyn L.
A1  - White, D. S.
A1  - Winslow, Luke A.
A1  - Adrian, Rita
A1  - Arvola, Lauri
A1  - de Eyto, Elvira
A1  - Feuchtmayr, Heidrun
A1  - Honti, Mark
A1  - Istvanovics, Vera
A1  - Jones, Ian D.
A1  - McBride, Chris G.
A1  - Schmidt, Silke Regina
A1  - Seekell, David
A1  - Staehr, Peter A.
A1  - Guangwei, Zhu
T1  - Wind and trophic status explain within and among-lake variability of algal biomass
JF  - Limnology and oceanography letters / ASLO, Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography
N2  - Phytoplankton biomass and production regulates key aspects of freshwater ecosystems yet its variability and subsequent predictability is poorly understood. We estimated within-lake variation in biomass using high-frequency chlorophyll fluorescence data from 18 globally distributed lakes. We tested how variation in fluorescence at monthly, daily, and hourly scales was related to high-frequency variability of wind, water temperature, and radiation within lakes as well as productivity and physical attributes among lakes. Within lakes, monthly variation dominated, but combined daily and hourly variation were equivalent to that expressed monthly. Among lakes, biomass variability increased with trophic status while, within-lake biomass variation increased with increasing variability in wind speed. Our results highlight the benefits of high-frequency chlorophyll monitoring and suggest that predicted changes associated with climate, as well as ongoing cultural eutrophication, are likely to substantially increase the temporal variability of algal biomass and thus the predictability of the services it provides.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10093
SN  - 2378-2242
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
SP  - 409
EP  - 418
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie
A1  - Frede, Katja
A1  - Jander, Elisabeth
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Effect of Solid Biological Waste Compost on the Metabolite Profile of Brassica rapa ssp chinensis
JF  - Frontiers in plant science : FPLS
N2  - Large quantities of biological waste are generated at various steps within the food production chain and a great utilization potential for this solid biological waste exists apart from the current main usage for the feedstuff sector. It remains unclear how the usage of biological waste as compost modulates plant metabolites. We investigated the effect of biological waste of the processing of coffee, aronia, and hop added to soil on the plant metabolite profile by means of liquid chromatography in pak choi sprouts. Here we demonstrate that the solid biological waste composts induced specific changes in the metabolite profiles and the changes are depending on the type of the organic residues and its concentration in soil. The targeted analysis of selected plant metabolites, associated with health beneficial properties of the Brassicaceae family, revealed increased concentrations of carotenoids (up to 3.2-fold) and decreased amounts of glucosinolates (up to 4.7-fold) as well as phenolic compounds (up to 1.5-fold).
KW  - metabolite profiling
KW  - LC/MS
KW  - pak choi
KW  - carotenoids
KW  - phenolic compounds
KW  - glucosinolates
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00305
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jobe, Jessica Ann Thompson
A1  - Li, Tao
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
A1  - Chen, Jie
A1  - Burbank, Douglas W.
T1  - Dating growth strata and basin fill by combining Al-26/Be-10 burial dating and magnetostratigraphy
BT  - Constraining active deformation in the Pamir-Tian Shan convergence zone, NW China
JF  - Lithosphere
N2  - Cosmogenic burial dating enables dating of coarse-grained, Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary units that are typically difficult to date with traditional methods, such as magnetostratigraphy. In the actively deforming western Tarim Basin in NW China, Pliocene-Pleistocene conglomerates were dated at eight sites, integrating Al-26/Be-10 burial dating with previously published magnetostratigraphic sections. These samples were collected from growth strata on the flanks of growing folds and from sedimentary units beneath active faults to place timing constraints on the initiation of deformation of structures within the basin and on shortening rates on active faults. These new basin-fill and growthstrata ages document the late Neogene and Quaternary growth of the Pamir and Tian Shan orogens between >5 and 1 Ma and delineate the eastward propagation of deformation at rates up to 115 km/m.y. and basinward growth of both mountain belts at rates up to 12 km/m.y.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1130/L727.1
SN  - 1941-8264
SN  - 1947-4253
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
SP  - 806
EP  - 828
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Boulder
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weng, Wei
A1  - Lüdeke, Matthias K. B.
A1  - Zemp, Delphine Clara
A1  - Lakes, Tobia
A1  - Kropp, Jürgen
T1  - Aerial and surface rivers
BT  - downwind impacts on water availability from land use changes in Amazonia
JF  - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS
N2  - The abundant evapotranspiration provided by the Amazon forests is an important component of the hydrological cycle, both regionally and globally. Since the last century, deforestation and expanding agricultural activities have been changing the ecosystem and its provision of moisture to the atmosphere. However, it remains uncertain how the ongoing land use change will influence rainfall, runoff, and water availability as findings from previous studies differ. Using moisture tracking experiments based on observational data, we provide a spatially detailed analysis recognizing potential teleconnection between source and sink regions of atmospheric moisture. We apply land use scenarios in upwind moisture sources and quantify the corresponding rainfall and runoff changes in downwind moisture sinks. We find spatially varying responses of water regimes to land use changes, which may explain the diverse results from previous studies. Parts of the Peruvian Amazon and western Bolivia are identified as the sink areas most sensitive to land use change in the Amazon and we highlight the current water stress by Amazonian land use change on these areas in terms of the water availability. Furthermore, we also identify the influential source areas where land use change may considerably reduce a given target sink's water reception (from our example of the Ucayali River basin outlet, rainfall by 5–12 % and runoff by 19–50 % according to scenarios). Sensitive sinks and influential sources are therefore suggested as hotspots for achieving sustainable land–water management.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-911-2018
SN  - 1027-5606
SN  - 1607-7938
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
SP  - 911
EP  - 927
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ritter, Christoph
A1  - Ángeles Burgos, María
A1  - Böckmann, Christine
A1  - Mateos, David
A1  - Lisok, Justyna
A1  - Markowicz, Krzysztof M.
A1  - Moroni, Beatrice
A1  - Cappelletti, David
A1  - Udisti, Roberto
A1  - Maturilli, Marion
A1  - Neuber, Roland
T1  - Microphysical properties and radiative impact of an intense biomass burning aerosol event measured over Ny-angstrom lesund, Spitsbergen in July 2015
JF  - Tellus - Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology
N2  - In this work, an evaluation of an intense biomass burning event observed over Ny-angstrom lesund (Spitsbergen, European Arctic) in July 2015 is presented. Data from the multi-wavelengths Raman-lidar KARL, a sun photometer and radiosonde measurements are used to derive some microphysical properties of the biomass burning aerosol as size distribution, refractive index and single scattering albedo at different relative humidities. Predominantly particles in the accumulation mode have been found with a bi-modal distribution and dominance of the smaller mode. Above 80% relative humidity, hygroscopic growth in terms of an increase of particle diameter and a slight decrease of the index of refraction (real and imaginary part) has been found. Values of the single scattering albedo around 0.9 both at 355nm and 532nm indicate some absorption by the aerosol. Values of the lidar ratio are around 26sr for 355nm and around 50sr for 532nm, almost independent of the relative humidity. Further, data from the photometer and surface radiation values from the local baseline surface radiation network (BSRN) have been applied to derive the radiative impact of the biomass burning event purely from observational data by comparison with a clear background day. We found a strong cooling for the visible radiation and a slight warming in the infra-red. The net aerosol forcing, derived by comparison with a clear background day purely from observational data, obtained a value of -95 W/m(2) per unit AOD500.
KW  - aerosol
KW  - lidar
KW  - retrieval of aerosol properties
KW  - radiative forcing
KW  - Arctic aerosol
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2018.1539618
SN  - 1600-0889
VL  - 70
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Metin, Ayse Duha
A1  - Nguyen Viet Dung, 
A1  - Schröter, Kai
A1  - Guse, Björn
A1  - Apel, Heiko
A1  - Kreibich, Heidi
A1  - Vorogushyn, Sergiy
A1  - Merz, Bruno
T1  - How do changes along the risk chain affect flood risk?
JF  - Natural hazards and earth system sciences
N2  - Flood risk is impacted by a range of physical and socio-economic processes. Hence, the quantification of flood risk ideally considers the complete flood risk chain, from atmospheric processes through catchment and river system processes to damage mechanisms in the affected areas. Although it is generally accepted that a multitude of changes along the risk chain can occur and impact flood risk, there is a lack of knowledge of how and to what extent changes in influencing factors propagate through the chain and finally affect flood risk. To fill this gap, we present a comprehensive sensitivity analysis which considers changes in all risk components, i.e. changes in climate, catchment, river system, land use, assets, and vulnerability. The application of this framework to the mesoscale Mulde catchment in Germany shows that flood risk can vary dramatically as a consequence of plausible change scenarios. It further reveals that components that have not received much attention, such as changes in dike systems or in vulnerability, may outweigh changes in often investigated components, such as climate. Although the specific results are conditional on the case study area and the selected assumptions, they emphasize the need for a broader consideration of potential drivers of change in a comprehensive way. Hence, our approach contributes to a better understanding of how the different risk components influence the overall flood risk.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3089-2018
SN  - 1561-8633
SN  - 1684-9981
VL  - 18
IS  - 11
SP  - 3089
EP  - 3108
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Foster, William J.
A1  - Heindel, Katrin
A1  - Richoz, Sylvain
A1  - Gliwa, Jana
A1  - Lehrmann, Daniel J.
A1  - Baud, Aymon
A1  - Kolar-Jurkovsek, Tea
A1  - Aljinovic, Dunja
A1  - Jurkovsek, Bogdan
A1  - Korn, Dieter
A1  - Martindale, Rowan C.
A1  - Peckmann, Jörn
T1  - Suppressed competitive exclusion enabled the proliferation of Permian/Triassic boundary microbialites
JF  - The Depositional Record : the open access journal of the International Association of Sedimentologists
N2  - During the earliest Triassic microbial mats flourished in the photic zones of marginal seas, generating widespread microbialites. It has been suggested that anoxic conditions in shallow marine environments, linked to the end-Permian mass extinction, limited mat-inhibiting metazoans allowing for this microbialite expansion. The presence of a diverse suite of proxies indicating oxygenated shallow sea-water conditions (metazoan fossils, biomarkers and redox proxies) from microbialite successions have, however, challenged the inference of anoxic conditions. Here, the distribution and faunal composition of Griesbachian microbialites from China, Iran, Turkey, Armenia, Slovenia and Hungary are investigated to determine the factors that allowed microbialite-forming microbial mats to flourish following the end-Permian crisis. The results presented here show that Neotethyan microbial buildups record a unique faunal association due to the presence of keratose sponges, while the Palaeotethyan buildups have a higher proportion of molluscs and the foraminifera Earlandia. The distribution of the faunal components within the microbial fabrics suggests that, except for the keratose sponges and some microconchids, most of the metazoans were transported into the microbial framework via wave currents. The presence of both microbialites and metazoan associations were limited to oxygenated settings, suggesting that a factor other than anoxia resulted in a relaxation of ecological constraints following the mass extinction event. It is inferred that the end-Permian mass extinction event decreased the diversity and abundance of metazoans to the point of significantly reducing competition, allowing photosynthesis-based microbial mats to flourish in shallow water settings and resulting in the formation of widespread microbialites.
KW  - Competitive exclusion
KW  - Permian
KW  - Triassic
KW  - mass extinction
KW  - microbialites
KW  - palaeoecology
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/dep2.97
SN  - 2055-4877
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
SP  - 62
EP  - 74
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bielcik, Milos
A1  - Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos A.
A1  - Lakovic, Milica
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Rillig, Matthias C.
T1  - The role of active movement in fungal ecology and community assembly
JF  - Movement Ecology
N2  - Movement ecology aims to provide common terminology and an integrative framework of movement research across all groups of organisms. Yet such work has focused on unitary organisms so far, and thus the important group of filamentous fungi has not been considered in this context. With the exception of spore dispersal, movement in filamentous fungi has not been integrated into the movement ecology field. At the same time, the field of fungal ecology has been advancing research on topics like informed growth, mycelial translocations, or fungal highways using its own terminology and frameworks, overlooking the theoretical developments within movement ecology. We provide a conceptual and terminological framework for interdisciplinary collaboration between these two disciplines, and show how both can benefit from closer links: We show how placing the knowledge from fungal biology and ecology into the framework of movement ecology can inspire both theoretical and empirical developments, eventually leading towards a better understanding of fungal ecology and community assembly. Conversely, by a greater focus on movement specificities of filamentous fungi, movement ecology stands to benefit from the challenge to evolve its concepts and terminology towards even greater universality. We show how our concept can be applied for other modular organisms (such as clonal plants and slime molds), and how this can lead towards comparative studies with the relationship between organismal movement and ecosystems in the focus.
KW  - Filamentous fungi
KW  - Microbial community
KW  - Active movement
KW  - Modular organisms
KW  - Interference competition
KW  - Fungal space searching algorithms
KW  - Fungal foraging
KW  - Fungal highways
KW  - Clonal plants
KW  - Slime molds
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-019-0180-6
SN  - 2051-3933
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zoll, Felix
A1  - Diehl, Katharina
A1  - Siebert, Rosemarie
T1  - Integrating sustainability goals in innovation processes
BT  - applying a decision support tool in a dual-purpose chicken case study
JF  - Sustainability
N2  - The innovative dual-purpose chicken approach aims at contributing to the transition towards sustainable poultry production by avoiding the culling of male chickens. To successfully integrate sustainability aspects into innovation, goal congruency among actors and clearly communicating the added value within the actor network and to consumers is needed. The challenge of identifying common sustainability goals calls for decision support tools. The objectives of our research were to investigate whether the tool could assist in improving communication and marketing with respect to sustainability and optimizing the value chain organization. Three actor groups participated in the tool application, in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The results showed that there were manifold sustainability goals within the innovation network, but only some goals overlapped, and the perception of their implementation also diverged. While easily marketable goals such as ‘animal welfare’ were perceived as being largely implemented, economic goals were prioritized less often, and the implementation was perceived as being rather low. By visualizing congruencies and differences in the goals, the tool helped identify fields of action, such as improved information flows and prompted thinking processes. We conclude that the tool is useful for managing complex decision processes with several actors involved.
KW  - value-based sustainability assessment
KW  - stakeholder participation
KW  - niche level
KW  - culling of male chickens
KW  - mixed methods
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143761
SN  - 2071-1050
VL  - 11
IS  - 14
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bürger, Gerd
T1  - A seamless filter for daily to seasonal forecasts, with applications to Iran and Brazil
JF  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
N2  - A digital filter is introduced which treats the problem of predictability versus time averaging in a continuous, seamless manner. This seamless filter (SF) is characterized by a unique smoothing rule that determines the strength of smoothing in dependence on lead time. The rule needs to be specified beforehand, either by expert knowledge or by user demand. As a result, skill curves are obtained that allow a predictability assessment across a whole range of time-scales, from daily to seasonal, in a uniform manner. The SF is applied to downscaled SEAS5 ensemble forecasts for two focus regions in or near the tropical belt, the river basins of the Karun in Iran and the Sao Francisco in Brazil. Both are characterized by strong seasonality and semi-aridity, so that predictability across various time-scales is in high demand. Among other things, it is found that from the start of the water year (autumn), areal precipitation is predictable with good skill for the Karun basin two and a half months ahead; for the Sao Francisco it is only one month, longer-term prediction skill is just above the critical level.
KW  - climate drift
KW  - ensemble prediction
KW  - seamless prediction
KW  - seasonal forecast skill
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 146
IS  - 726
PB  - WILEY-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ayzel, Georgy
A1  - Izhitskiy, Alexander
T1  - Climate Change Impact Assessment on Freshwater Inflow into the Small Aral Sea
JF  - Water
N2  - During the last few decades, the rapid separation of the Small Aral Sea from the isolated basin has changed its hydrological and ecological conditions tremendously. In the present study, we developed and validated the hybrid model for the Syr Darya River basin based on a combination of state-of-the-art hydrological and machine learning models. Climate change impact on freshwater inflow into the Small Aral Sea for the projection period 2007-2099 has been quantified based on the developed hybrid model and bias corrected and downscaled meteorological projections simulated by four General Circulation Models (GCM) for each of three Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP). The developed hybrid model reliably simulates freshwater inflow for the historical period with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.72 and a Kling-Gupta efficiency of 0.77. Results of the climate change impact assessment showed that the freshwater inflow projections produced by different GCMs are misleading by providing contradictory results for the projection period. However, we identified that the relative runoff changes are expected to be more pronounced in the case of more aggressive RCP scenarios. The simulated projections of freshwater inflow provide a basis for further assessment of climate change impacts on hydrological and ecological conditions of the Small Aral Sea in the 21st Century.
KW  - Small Aral Sea
KW  - hydrology
KW  - climate change
KW  - modeling
KW  - machine learning
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112377
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 11
IS  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -