TY  - JOUR
A1  - Batista, Rita A.
A1  - Figueiredo, Duarte Dionisio
A1  - Santos-Gonzalez, Juan
A1  - Köhler, Claudia
T1  - Auxin regulates endosperm cellularization in Arabidopsis
JF  - Genes & Development
N2  - The endosperm is an ephemeral tissue that nourishes the developing embryo, similar to the placenta in mammals. In most angiosperms, endosperm development starts as a syncytium, in which nuclear divisions are not followed by cytokinesis. The timing of endosperm cellularization largely varies between species, and the event triggering this transition remains unknown. Here we show that increased auxin biosynthesis in the endosperm prevents its cellularization, leading to seed arrest. Auxin-overproducing seeds phenocopy paternal-excess triploid seeds derived from hybridizations of diploid maternal plants with tetraploid fathers. Concurrently, auxin-related genes are strongly overexpressed in triploid seeds, correlating with increased auxin activity. Reducing auxin biosynthesis and signaling reestablishes endosperm cellularization in triploid seeds and restores their viability, highlighting a causal role of increased auxin in preventing endosperm cellularization. We propose that auxin determines the time of endosperm cellularization, and thereby uncovered a central role of auxin in establishing hybridization barriers in plants.
KW  - auxin
KW  - cellularization
KW  - endosperm
KW  - hybridization barrier
KW  - seed development
KW  - triploid block
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.316554.118
SN  - 0890-9369
SN  - 1549-5477
VL  - 33
IS  - 7-8
SP  - 466
EP  - 476
PB  - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
CY  - Cold Spring Harbor, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dämpfling, Helge L. C.
A1  - Mielke, Christian
A1  - Koellner, Nicole
A1  - Lorenz, Melanie
A1  - Rogass, Christian
A1  - Altenberger, Uwe
A1  - Harlov, Daniel E.
A1  - Knoper, Michael
T1  - Automatic element and mineral detection in thin sections using hyperspectral transmittance imaging microscopy (HyperTIM)
JF  - European journal of mineralogy
N2  - In this study we present a novel method for the automatic detection of minerals and elements using hyperspectral transmittance imaging microscopy measurements of complete thin sections (HyperTIM). 
This is accomplished by using a hyperspectral camera system that operates in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) range with a specifically designed sample holder, scanning setup, and a microscope lens. 

We utilize this method on a monazite ore thin section from Steenkampskraal (South Africa), which we analyzed for the rare earth element (REE)-bearing mineral monazite ((Ce,Nd,La)PO4), with high concentrations of Nd. The transmittance analyses with the hyperspectral VNIR camera can be used to identify REE minerals and Nd in thin sections. 

We propose a three-point band depth index, the Nd feature depth index (NdFD), and its related product the Nd band depth index (NdBDI), which enables automatic mineral detection and classification for the Nd-bearing monazites in thin sections. In combination with the average concentration of the relative Nd content, it permits a destruction-free, total concentration calculation for Nd across the entire thin section.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-275-2022
SN  - 0935-1221
SN  - 1617-4011
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
SP  - 275
EP  - 284
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schinköth, Michaela
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - Automatic associations and the affective valuation of exercise
BT  - disentangling the type-1 process of the affective–reflective theory of physical inactivity and exercise
JF  - German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
N2  - The decision to exercise is not only bound to rational considerations but also automatic affective processes. The affective–reflective theory of physical inactivity and exercise (ART) proposes a theoretical framework for explaining how the automatic affective process (type‑1 process) will influence exercise behavior, i.e., through the automatic activation of exercise-related associations and a subsequent affective valuation of exercise. This study aimed to empirically test this assumption of the ART with data from 69 study participants. A single-measurement study, including within-subject experimental variation, was conducted. Automatic associations with exercise were first measured with a single-target implicit association test. The somato-affective core of the participants’ automatic valuation of exercise-related pictures was then assessed via heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, and the affective valence of the valuation was tested with a facial expression (FE; smile and frown) task. Exercise behavior was assessed via self-report. Multiple regression (path) analysis revealed that automatic associations predicted HRV reactivity (β = −0.24, p = .044); the signs of the correlation between automatic associations and the smile FE score was in the expected direction but remained nonsignificant (β = −0.21, p = .078). HRV reactivity predicted self-reported exercise behavior (β = −0.28, p = .013) (the same pattern of results was achieved for the frown FE score). The HRV-related results illustrate the potential role of automatic negative affective reactions to the thought of exercise as a restraining force in exercise motivation. For better empirical distinction between the two ART type‑1 process components, automatic associations and the affective valuation should perhaps be measured separately in the future. The results support the notion that automatic and affective processes should be regarded as essential aspects of the motivation to exercise.
KW  - Heart rate variability
KW  - Facial expression
KW  - Somatic
KW  - Dual-process
KW  - Motivation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-020-00664-9
SN  - 2509-3150
SN  - 2509-3142
VL  - 50
IS  - 654
SP  - 366
EP  - 376
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Deutschmann, Claudia
A1  - Roggenbuck, Dirk
A1  - Schierack, Peter
A1  - Rödiger, Stefan
T1  - Autoantibody testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-a case in which the solid phase decides on success and failure
JF  - Heliyon
N2  - Background: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an indispensable tool for clinical diagnostics to identify or differentiate diseases such as autoimmune illnesses, but also to monitor their progression or control the efficacy of drugs. One use case of ELISA is to differentiate between different states (e.g. healthy vs. diseased). Another goal is to quantitatively assess the biomarker in question, like autoantibodies. Thus, the ELISA technology is used for the discovery and verification of new autoantibodies, too. Of key interest, however, is the development of immunoassays for the sensitive and specific detection of such biomarkers at early disease stages. Therefore, users have to deal with many parameters, such as buffer systems or antigen-autoantibody interactions, to successfully establish an ELISA. Often, fine-tuning like testing of several blocking substances is performed to yield high signal-to-noise ratios. <br /> Methods: We developed an ELISA to detect IgA and IgG autoantibodies against chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), a newly identified autoantigen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in the serum of control and disease groups (n = 23, respectively). Microwell plates with different surface modifications (PolySorp and MaxiSorp coating) were tested to detect reproducibility problems. <br /> Results: We found a significant impact of the surface properties of the microwell plates. IgA antibody reactivity was significantly lower, since it was in the range of background noise, when measured on MaxiSorp coated plates (p < 0.0001). The IgG antibody reactivity did not differ on the diverse plates, but the plate surface had a significant influence on the test result (p = 0.0005). <br /> Conclusion: With this report, we want to draw readers' attention to the properties of solid phases and their effects on the detection of autoantibodies by ELISA. We want to sensitize the reader to the fact that the choice of the wrong plate can lead to a false negative test result, which in turn has serious consequences for the discovery of autoantibodies.
KW  - biochemistry
KW  - coatings
KW  - surface chemistry
KW  - immunology
KW  - proteins
KW  - laboratory medicine
KW  - clinical research
KW  - enzyme-linked immunosorbent
KW  - assay
KW  - biomarker discovery
KW  - reproducibility
KW  - solid-phase
KW  - autoantibody
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03270
SN  - 2405-8440
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Puppe, Daniel
A1  - Leue, Martin
A1  - Sommer, Michael
A1  - Schaller, Jörg
A1  - Kaczorek, Danuta
T1  - Auto-fluorescence in phytoliths
BT  - a mechanistic understanding derived from microscopic and spectroscopic analyses
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Science
N2  - The detection of auto-fluorescence in phytogenic, hydrated amorphous silica depositions (phytoliths) has been found to be a promising approach to verify if phytoliths were burnt or not, especially in archaeological contexts. However, it is unknown so far at what temperature and how auto-fluorescence is induced in phytoliths. We used fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze auto-fluorescence in modern phytoliths extracted from plant samples or in intact leaves of winter wheat. Leaves and extracted phytoliths were heated at different temperatures up to 600 degrees C. The aims of our experiments were i) to find out what temperature is needed to induce auto-fluorescence in phytoliths, ii) to detect temperature-dependent changes in the molecular structure of phytoliths related to auto-fluorescence, and iii) to derive a mechanistic understanding of auto-fluorescence in phytoliths. We found organic compounds associated with phytoliths to cause auto-fluorescence in phytoliths treated at temperatures below approx. 400 degrees C. In phytoliths treated at higher temperatures, i.e., 450 and 600 degrees C, phytolith auto-fluorescence was mainly caused by molecular changes of phytolith silica. Based on our results we propose that auto-fluorescence in phytoliths is caused by clusterization-triggered emissions, which are caused by overlapping electron clouds forming non-conventional chromophores. In phytoliths heated at temperatures above about 400 degrees C dihydroxylation and the formation of siloxanes result in oxygen clusters that serve as non-conventional chromophores in fluorescence events. Furthermore, SEM-EDX analyses revealed that extractable phytoliths were dominated by lumen phytoliths (62%) compared to cell wall phytoliths (38%). Our findings might be not only relevant in archaeological phytolith-based examinations, but also for studies on the temperature-dependent release of silicon from phytoliths and the potential of long-term carbon sequestration in phytoliths.
KW  - fluorescence microscopy
KW  - FTIR spectroscopy
KW  - SEM-EDX
KW  - burnt phytoliths;
KW  - carbon sequestration
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.915947
SN  - 2296-665X
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kluth, Alicia
A1  - Lemire-Tremblay, Marilyne
A1  - Jamey, Kevin
A1  - Dalla Bella, Simone
A1  - Falk, Simone
T1  - Auswirkungen eines nonverbalen Rhythmustrainings auf die Sprechmotorik und Sprechflüssigkeit bei stotternden Kindern
JF  - Spektrum Patholinguistik 16
N2  - Die alleinige Ursache von Stottern ist weiterhin nicht abschließend geklärt. Auf neurofunktioneller und -morphologischer Ebene zeigen stotternde Personen Abweichungen in den Arealen, welche nicht nur für die Initiierung von sprechmotorischen Programmen, sondern auch für die Produktion und Perzeption von musikalischen Rhythmen zuständig sind. Unterschiede zu flüssigsprechenden Personen treten jedoch nicht nur im verbalen, sondern auch im nonverbal sensomotorischen Bereich auf, was auf eine Störung domänenübergreifender auditiv-motorischer Koordinationsprozesse hindeutet. Ausgehend davon wurde in einigen Studien postuliert, dass dem Störungsbild Stottern ein domänenübergreifendes Rhythmusdefizit zugrunde liegt. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Störungsbildern, welche auch Probleme in rhythmischen Aufgaben aufweisen, gibt es bis dato jedoch keine Intervention, welche dieses Defizit angeht. Es soll untersucht werden, ob ein nonverbales rhythmisches Training bei stotternden Kindern im Alter von zehn bis zwölf Jahren eine Verbesserung der sensomotorischen Synchronisationsfähigkeiten zur Folge hat. Zudem soll erforscht werden, ob es Transfereffekte auf die Sprechmotorik und Sprechflüssigkeit gibt. Für die vorliegende einfach verblindete Pilotstudie sollen 20 Kinder rekrutiert werden. Zehn davon werden randomisiert der Experimentalgruppe zugewiesen, welche das rhythmische Spiel Rhythm Workers über drei Wochen daheim auf einem Tablet spielen sollen. Die Kontrollgruppe spielt ein nicht-rhythmisches Bubble-Shooter-Spiel namens Frozen Bubble. Diese Studie könnte somit den Weg ebnen für technologieunterstützte Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen, welche darauf abzielen die rhythmisch-motorischen Defizite bei Stottern zu lindern.
KW  - Stottern
KW  - sensomotorische Synchronisation
KW  - Rhythmustraining
KW  - Sprechmotorik
KW  - Apps
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-613497
SN  - 978-3-86956-559-0
SN  - 1866-9433
SN  - 1869-3822
IS  - 16
SP  - 135
EP  - 149
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Asche, Matthias
A1  - Brechenmacher, Thomas
T1  - Auswahlbibliographie zur berlin-brandenburgischen Immigrationsgeschichte
JF  - Hier geblieben? Brandenburg als Einwanderungsland vom Mittelalter bis heute
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546899
SN  - 978-3-86956-506-4
SP  - 251
EP  - 262
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Paton, Eva
A1  - Vogel, Johannes Joscha
A1  - Kluge, Björn
A1  - Nehls, Thomas
T1  - Ausmaß, Trend und Extrema von Dürren im urbanen Raum
T1  - Extent, trend and extremes of droughts in urban areas
JF  - Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung
N2  - Summers are currently perceived to be getting longer, hotter and more extreme - and this impression is reinforced in urban areas by the occurrence of heat island effects in densely built-up areas. To assess the real extent of increasing drought occurrences in German cities, a DWD data set of 31 urban climate stations for the period 1950 to 2019 was analysed using the standardised precipitation index (SPI) with regard to meteorological drought lengths, drought extrema, heat waves and compound events in the form of simultaneously occurring heat waves and drought months. The analysis shows a large degree of heterogeneity within Germany: a severe drought occurred in most cities in 2018, while the year 2018 was among the three years with the longest droughts (since 1950) for only one third of the cities. Some southern and central German cities show a statistically significant increase in drought months per decade since 1950, other cities, mostly in the north and northwest, only show an increase in the past two decades or even no trend at all. The compound analysis of simultaneously occurring heat and drought months shows a strong increase at most stations in the last two decades, whereby the two components are responsible with a very different proportion regionally for the increase in compound events.
N2  - In der derzeitigen Wahrnehmung werden die Sommer dürrer, heißer und extremer – dieser Eindruck verstärkt sich im urbanen Raum durch das Auftreten von Hitzeinseleffekten in dicht bebauten Gebieten. Um das wirkliche Ausmaß der Dürre bewerten zu können, wurden Zeitreihendaten von 31 urbanen Klimastationen (DWD) für den Zeitraum 1950 bis 2019 mittels des standardisierten Niederschlagsindex (SPI) bezüglich Dürrelängen, Dürreextrema, Hitzewellen und gleichzeitig auftretenden Hitze- und Dürremonaten ausgewertet.
Die Analyse zeigt eine große Heterogenität innerhalb von Deutschland: In den meisten Städten trat 2018 eine lange Dürre von einer durchschnittlichen Dauer von 6 Monaten auf, gleichzeitig gehörte das Jahr 2018 nur bei einem Drittel der Städte zu den drei Jahren mit den längsten Dürren seit 1950. Bei den meisten betrachteten Stationen traten die längsten Dürren in den Jahren 1953, 1971 und 1976 auf. Bei einigen südlichen und mitteldeutschen Städten kann man eine statistisch signifikante Zunahme der Anzahl der Dürremonate pro Dekade seit 1950 verzeichnen. Andere Städte, eher im Norden und Nordwesten gelegen, zeigen nur in den letzten zwei Dekaden eine Zunahme oder gar keinen Trend. Die Compoundanalyse von gleichzeitig auftretenden Hitze- und Dürremonaten zeigt bei den meisten Stationen eine starke Zunahme innerhalb der letzten zwei Dekaden, wobei die beiden Komponenten regional mit einem sehr unterschiedlichen Anteil zur Zunahme der Compoundereignisse beitragen.
KW  - meteorological droughts
KW  - heat waves
KW  - compound events
KW  - standardised
KW  - precipitation index (SPI)
KW  - urban hydrology
KW  - meteorologische Dürren
KW  - Hitzewellen
KW  - Compoundereignisse
KW  - standardisierter Niederschlagsindex (SPI
KW  - urbane Hydrologie
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5675/HyWa_2021.1_1
SN  - 1439-1783
SN  - 2749-859X
VL  - 65
IS  - 1
SP  - 5
EP  - 16
PB  - Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde
CY  - Koblenz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Martin, Angela
T1  - Ausgebeutet, diskriminiert, aber dringend gebraucht
BT  - ZwangsarbeiterInnen in Brandenburg während des Nationalsozialismus
JF  - Hier geblieben? Brandenburg als Einwanderungsland vom Mittelalter bis heute
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546850
SN  - 978-3-86956-506-4
SP  - 193
EP  - 208
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dieter, Heribert
T1  - AUKUS und die strukturellen Veränderungen der sicherheitspolitischen Lage im indo-pazifischen Raum
JF  - SIRIUS – Zeitschrift für Strategische Analysen
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/sirius-2022-2007
SN  - 2510-263X
SN  - 2510-2648
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
SP  - 210
EP  - 217
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baberowski, David
A1  - Leonhardt, Thiemo
A1  - Rentsch, Susanne
A1  - Bergner, Nadine
T1  - Aufbau informatischer Kompetenzen im Kontext KI bei Lehramtsstudierenden des Faches Politik
JF  - Hochschuldidaktik Informatik HDI 2021 (Commentarii informaticae didacticae)
N2  - Lehrkräfte aller Fächer benötigen informatische Kompetenzen, um der wachsenden Alltagsrelevanz von Informatik und aktuell gültigen Lehrplänen gerecht zu werden. Beispielsweise verweist in Sachsen der Lehrplan für das Fach Gemeinschaftskunde, Rechtserziehung und Wirtschaft am Gymnasium mit dem für die Jahrgangsstufe 11 vorgesehenem Thema „Digitalisierung und sozialer Wandel“ auf Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und explizit auf die Bedeutung der informatischen Bildung. Um die nötigen informatischen Grundlagen zu vermitteln, wurde für Lehramtsstudierende des Faches Politik ein Workshop erarbeitet, der die Grundlagen der Funktionsweise von KI anhand von überwachtem maschinellen Lernen in neuronalen Netzen vermittelt. Inhalt des Workshops ist es, mit Bezug auf gesellschaftliche Implikationen wie Datenschutz bei Trainingsdaten und algorithmic bias einen informierten Diskurs zu politischen Themen zu ermöglichen. Ziele des Workshops für Lehramtsstudierende mit dem Fach Politik sind: (1) Aufbau informatischer Kompetenzen in Bezug zum Thema KI, (2) Stärkung der Diskussionsfähigkeiten der Studierenden durch passende informatische Kompetenzen und (3) Anregung der Studierenden zum Transfer auf passende Themenstellungen im Politikunterricht. Das Evaluationskonzept umfasst eine Pre-Post-Befragung zur Zuversicht zur Vermittlungskompetenz unter Bezug auf maschinelles Lernen in neuronalen Netzen im Unterricht, sowie die Analyse einer abschließenden Diskussion. Für die Pre-Post-Befragung konnte eine Steigerung der Zuversicht zur Vermittlungskompetenz beobachtet werden. Die Analyse der Diskussion zeigte das Bewusstsein der Alltagsrelevanz des Themas KI bei den Teilnehmenden, aber noch keine Anwendung der informatischen Inhalte des Workshops zur Stützung der Argumente in der Diskussion.
KW  - informatische Grundkompetenzen
KW  - Lehramtsstudium
KW  - KI
KW  - maschinelles Lernen
KW  - fächerverbindend
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-615995
SN  - 978-3-86956-548-4
SN  - 1868-0844
SN  - 2191-1940
IS  - 13
SP  - 189
EP  - 209
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oetken, Mandy
A1  - Gorski, Sebastian
ED  - Mientus, Lukas
ED  - Klempin, Christiane
ED  - Nowak, Anna
T1  - Aufbau eines integrierten Pilotstudiengangs im gewerblich-technischen Lehramt für die Mangelfächer Metall- und Elektrotechnik
BT  - Entwicklung curricularer Maßnahmen unter reflexiven Aspekten
JF  - Reflexion in der Lehrkräftebildung: Empirisch – Phasenübergreifend – Interdisziplinär (Potsdamer Beiträge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung ; 4)
N2  - Im beruflichen Lehramt bilden sowohl der Mangel an Studierenden als auch hohe Abbruchquoten bzw. die Abwanderung in Unternehmen eine permanente Herausforderung, der im Rahmen des Projekts „FACE – Berufliches Lehramt“ (gefördert im Kontext der 3. Phase der Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung) mit unterschiedlichen Maßnahmen begegnet werden soll. Die Entwicklungs- und Unterstützungsmaßnahmen im gewerblich-technischen Lehramt am Standort Freiburg fokussieren insbesondere die Aspekte Kohärenz und Professionsorientierung – zukünftig forciert durch studentische Reflexionsprozesse. Diese werden durch die Entwicklung eines Pilotstudiengangs ergänzt, welcher eine 52-wöchige betriebliche Praxis auf Facharbeiterebene (Facharbeiterbrief) in das Studium integriert. Darüber hinaus finden Facetten von Heterogenität/Inklusion und Deutsch als Zweitsprache/Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaZ/DaF) als Querschnittskompetenzen Eingang in das Studium. Die in allen Bereichen erworbenen Handlungskompetenzen werden in den Schulpraxisphasen erprobt und anschließend kritisch-konstruktiv in Reflexionsseminaren aufgearbeitet. Im folgenden Beitrag soll kurz auf die Entstehung des Pilotstudiengangs unter reflexiven Aspekten eingegangen werden.
KW  - Pilotstudiengang
KW  - berufliches Lehramt
KW  - Kohärenz
KW  - Querschnittskompetenzen
KW  - Reflexionsebenen
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-631440
SN  - 978-3-86956-566-8
SN  - 2626-3556
SN  - 2626-4722
IS  - 4
SP  - 249
EP  - 257
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thomas, Linda
T1  - Auf dem Weg zu 100 Prozent Open Access
T1  - Bound for one-hundred percent Open Access
BT  - Fünf Jahre DFG-geförderter Publikationsfonds und die Entwicklung notwendiger Infrastruktur an der Universität Potsdam
BT  - DFG-sponsored publication funding and the development of infrastructure needed at Potsdam University – five years on
JF  - Bibliotheksdienst
N2  - Die Universität Potsdam verwaltet seit 2015 einen DFG-geförderten Publikationsfonds. In den Publikationsjahren 2015 und 2017 wurden Outputanalysen durchgeführt. Open Access ist seit 2018 ein zentraler Bestandteil des Mittelverteilungsmodells. Der Artikel thematisiert die zentralen Erkenntnisse der letzten fünf Jahre und illustriert die entstandene Infrastruktur. Außerdem werden aktuelle Herausforderungen und mögliche Lösungsansätze der Transformation auf dem Weg hin zu 100 Prozent Open Access thematisiert.
N2  - Since 2015, the University of Potsdam has been managing a publication fund sponsored by the German Research Foundation. Output analyses were carried out for the publication years 2015 and 2017. Open Access has been a key component of the fund distribution model since 2018. The article discusses key findings of the past five years and explains the infrastructure created for the task. It also discusses current challenges and possible approaches to paving the way for 100 percent Open Access publications.
KW  - Open Access
KW  - DFG
KW  - Publikationsfonds
KW  - Outputanalyse
KW  - Transformation
KW  - Etatverteilungsmodell
KW  - Zweitveröffentlichung
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/bd-2020-0069
SN  - 0006-1972
SN  - 2194-9646
VL  - 54
IS  - 7-8
SP  - 545
EP  - 558
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Siegeris, Juliane
T1  - Attracting a new clientele for computer science with a women-only IT degree course
JF  - Hochschuldidaktik Informatik HDI 2021 (Commentarii informaticae didacticae)
N2  - A degree course in IT and business administration solely for women (FIW) has been offered since 2009 at the HTW Berlin – University of Applied Sciences. This contribution discusses student motivations for enrolling in such a women only degree course and gives details of our experience over recent years. In particular, the approach to attracting new female students is described and the composition of the intake is discussed. It is shown that the women-only setting together with other factors can attract a new clientele for computer science.
KW  - Women and IT
KW  - STEM
KW  - Course marketing
KW  - Courses for female students
KW  - Curricula Development
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-615712
SN  - 978-3-86956-548-4
SN  - 1868-0844
SN  - 2191-1940
IS  - 13
SP  - 157
EP  - 170
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühlenbeck, Cordelia Anna
A1  - Pritsch, Carla
A1  - Wartenburger, Isabell
A1  - Telkemeyer, Silke
A1  - Liebal, Katja
T1  - Attentional bias to facial expressions of different emotions
BT  - a cross-cultural comparison of ≠Akhoe Hai||om and German children and adolescents
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - The attentional bias to negative information enables humans to quickly identify and to respond appropriately to potentially threatening situations. Because of its adaptive function, the enhanced sensitivity to negative information is expected to represent a universal trait, shared by all humans regardless of their cultural background. However, existing research focuses almost exclusively on humans from Western industrialized societies, who are not representative for the human species. Therefore, we compare humans from two distinct cultural contexts: adolescents and children from Germany, a Western industrialized society, and from the not equal Akhoe Hai parallel to om, semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers in Namibia. We predicted that both groups show an attentional bias toward negative facial expressions as compared to neutral or positive faces. We used eye-tracking to measure their fixation duration on facial expressions depicting different emotions, including negative (fear, anger), positive (happy), and neutral faces. Both Germans and the not equal Akhoe Hai parallel to om gazed longer at fearful faces, but shorter on angry faces, challenging the notion of a general bias toward negative emotions. For happy faces, fixation durations varied between the two groups, suggesting more flexibility in the response to positive emotions. Our findings emphasize the need for placing research on emotion perception into an evolutionary, cross-cultural comparative framework that considers the adaptive significance of specific emotions, rather than differentiating between positive and negative information, and enables systematic comparisons across participants from diverse cultural backgrounds.
KW  - attentional bias
KW  - fear bias
KW  - emotions
KW  - facial expressions
KW  - cross-cultural comparison
KW  - not equal Akhoe Hai parallel to om
KW  - Germans
KW  - adolescents
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00795
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 11
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wright, Stephanie L.
A1  - Ulke, Jannis
A1  - Font, Anna
A1  - Chan, Ka Lung Andrew
A1  - Kelly, Frank J.
T1  - Atmospheric microplastic deposition in an urban environment and an evaluation of transport
JF  - Environment international
N2  - Microplastics are a global environmental issue contaminating aquatic and terrestrial environments. They have been reported in atmospheric deposition, and indoor and outdoor air, raising concern for public health due to the potential for exposure. Moreover, the atmosphere presents a new vehicle for microplastics to enter the wider environment, yet our knowledge of the quantities, characteristics and pathways of airborne microplastics is sparse. Here we show microplastics in atmospheric deposition in a major population centre, central London. Microplastics were found in all samples, with deposition rates ranging from 575 to 1008 microplastics/m(2)/d. They were found in various shapes, of which fibrous microplastics accounted for the great majority (92%). Across all samples, 15 different petrochemical-based polymers were identified. Bivariate polar plots indicated dependency on wind, with different source areas for fibrous and non-fibrous airborne microplastics. This is the first evidence of airborne microplastics in London and confirms the need to include airborne pathways when consolidating microplastic impacts on the wider environment and human health.
KW  - microplastics
KW  - atmospheric deposition
KW  - air pollution
KW  - urban
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105411
SN  - 0160-4120
SN  - 1873-6750
VL  - 136
PB  - Elsevier, Pergamon Press
CY  - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grüner, Andreas
A1  - Mühle, Alexander
A1  - Meinel, Christoph
T1  - ATIB
BT  - Design and evaluation of an architecture for brokered self-sovereign identity integration and trust-enhancing attribute aggregation for service provider
JF  - IEEE access : practical research, open solutions / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
N2  - Identity management is a principle component of securing online services. In the advancement of traditional identity management patterns, the identity provider remained a Trusted Third Party (TTP). The service provider and the user need to trust a particular identity provider for correct attributes amongst other demands. This paradigm changed with the invention of blockchain-based Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) solutions that primarily focus on the users. SSI reduces the functional scope of the identity provider to an attribute provider while enabling attribute aggregation. Besides that, the development of new protocols, disregarding established protocols and a significantly fragmented landscape of SSI solutions pose considerable challenges for an adoption by service providers. We propose an Attribute Trust-enhancing Identity Broker (ATIB) to leverage the potential of SSI for trust-enhancing attribute aggregation. Furthermore, ATIB abstracts from a dedicated SSI solution and offers standard protocols. Therefore, it facilitates the adoption by service providers. Despite the brokered integration approach, we show that ATIB provides a high security posture. Additionally, ATIB does not compromise the ten foundational SSI principles for the users.
KW  - Blockchains
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Authentication
KW  - Licenses
KW  - Security
KW  - Privacy
KW  - Identity management systems
KW  - Attribute aggregation
KW  - attribute assurance
KW  - digital identity
KW  - identity broker
KW  - self-sovereign identity
KW  - trust model
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3116095
SN  - 2169-3536
VL  - 9
SP  - 138553
EP  - 138570
PB  - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Padash, Amin
A1  - Sandev, Trifce
A1  - Kantz, Holger
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei
T1  - Asymmetric Levy flights are more efficient in random search
JF  - Fractal and fractional
N2  - We study the first-arrival (first-hitting) dynamics and efficiency of a one-dimensional random search model performing asymmetric Levy flights by leveraging the Fokker-Planck equation with a delta-sink and an asymmetric space-fractional derivative operator with stable index alpha and asymmetry (skewness) parameter beta. 

We find exact analytical results for the probability density of first-arrival times and the search efficiency, and we analyse their behaviour within the limits of short and long times. 
We find that when the starting point of the searcher is to the right of the target, random search by Brownian motion is more efficient than Levy flights with beta <= 0 (with a rightward bias) for short initial distances, while for beta>0 (with a leftward bias) Levy flights with alpha -> 1 are more efficient. 

When increasing the initial distance of the searcher to the target, Levy flight search (except for alpha=1 with beta=0) is more efficient than the Brownian search. Moreover, the asymmetry in jumps leads to essentially higher efficiency of the Levy search compared to symmetric Levy flights at both short and long distances, and the effect is more pronounced for stable indices alpha close to unity.
KW  - asymmetric Levy flights
KW  - first-arrival density
KW  - search efficiency
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6050260
SN  - 2504-3110
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Urbach, Dietmar
A1  - Awiszus, Friedemann
A1  - Leiß, Sven
A1  - Venton, Tamsin
A1  - De Specht, Alexander Vincent
A1  - Apfelbacher, Christian
T1  - Associations of medications with lower odds of typical COVID-19 symptoms
BT  - cross-sectional symptom surveillance study
JF  - JMIR public health and surveillance
N2  - Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread across the globe, the search for an effective medication to treat the symptoms of COVID-19 continues as well. It would be desirable to identify a medication that is already in use for another condition and whose side effect profile and safety data are already known and approved.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different medications on typical COVID-19 symptoms by using data from an online surveillance survey.
Methods: Between early April and late-July 2020, a total of 3654 individuals in Lower Saxony, Germany, participated in an online symptom-tracking survey conducted through the app covid-nein-danke.de. The questionnaire comprised items on typical COVID-19 symptoms, age range, gender, employment in patient-facing healthcare, housing status, postal code, previous illnesses, permanent medication, vaccination status, results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibody tests for COVID-19 diagnosis, and consequent COVID-19 treatment if applicable. Odds ratio estimates with corresponding 95% CIs were computed for each medication and symptom by using logistic regression models.
Results: Data analysis suggested a statistically significant inverse relationship between typical COVID-19 symptoms self-reported by the participants and self-reported statin therapy and, to a lesser extent, antihypertensive therapy. When COVID-19 diagnosis was based on restrictive symptom criteria (ie, presence of 4 out of 7 symptoms) or a positive RT-PCR test, a statistically significant association was found solely for statins (odds ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.1-0.78).
Conclusions: Individuals taking statin medication are more likely to have asymptomatic COVID-19, in which case they may be at an increased risk of transmitting the disease unknowingly. We suggest that the results of this study be incorporated into symptoms-based surveillance and decision-making protocols in regard to COVID-19 management. Whether statin therapy has a beneficial effect in combating COVID-19 cannot be deduced based on our findings and should be investigated by further study.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - SARS-CoV-2
KW  - statins
KW  - antihypertensives
KW  - surveillance
KW  - hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors;online survey
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2196/22521
SN  - 2369-2960
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
PB  - JMIR Publications
CY  - Toronto
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Nobari, Hadi
A1  - Ruivo Alves, Ana
A1  - Clemente, Filipe Manuel
A1  - Pérez-Gómez, Jorge
A1  - Clark, Cain Craig Truman
A1  - Zouhal, Hassane
T1  - Associations Between Variations in Accumulated Workload and Physiological Variables in Young Male Soccer Players Over the Course of a Season
JF  - Frontiers in physiology
N2  - This study sought to analyze the relationship between in-season training workload with changes in aerobic power (VO2max), maximum and resting heart rate (HRmax and HRrest), linear sprint medium (LSM), and short test (LSS), in soccer players younger than 16 years (under-16 soccer players). We additionally aimed to explain changes in fitness levels during the in-season through regression models, considering accumulated load, baseline levels, and peak height velocity (PHV) as predictors. Twenty-three male sub-elite soccer players aged 15.5 ± 0.2 years (PHV: 13.6 ± 0.4 years; body height: 172.7 ± 4.2 cm; body mass: 61.3 ± 5.6 kg; body fat: 13.7% ± 3.9%; VO2max: 48.4 ± 2.6 mL⋅kg–1⋅min–1), were tested three times across the season (i.e., early-season (EaS), mid-season (MiS), and end-season (EnS) for VO2max, HRmax, LSM, and LSS. Aerobic and speed variables gradually improved over the season and had a strong association with PHV. Moreover, the HRmax demonstrated improvements from EaS to EnS; however, this was more evident in the intermediate period (from EaS to MiS) and had a strong association with VO2max. Regression analysis showed significant predictions for VO2max [F(2, 20) = 8.18, p ≤ 0.001] with an R2 of 0.45. In conclusion, the meaningful variation of youth players’ fitness levels can be observed across the season, and such changes can be partially explained by the load imposed.
KW  - internal load
KW  - heart rate
KW  - linear sprint
KW  - aerobic power
KW  - football
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.638180
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wick, Kristin
A1  - Kriemler, Susi
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Associations between measures of physical fitness and cognitive performance in preschool children
JF  - BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation
N2  - Background: 
Given that recent studies report negative secular declines in physical fitness, associations between fitness and cognition in childhood are strongly discussed. The preschool age is characterized by high neuroplasticity which effects motor skill learning, physical fitness, and cognitive development. The aim of this study was to assess the relation of physical fitness and attention (including its individual dimensions (quantitative, qualitative)) as one domain of cognitive performance in preschool children. We hypothesized that fitness components which need precise coordination compared to simple fitness components are stronger related to attention.

Methods:
Physical fitness components like static balance (i.e., single-leg stance), muscle strength (i.e., handgrip strength), muscle power (i.e., standing long jump), and coordination (i.e., hopping on one leg) were assessed in 61 healthy children (mean age 4.5 +/- 0.6 years; girls n = 30). Attention was measured with the "Konzentrations-Handlungsverfahren fur Vorschulkinder" [concentration-action procedure for preschoolers]). Analyses were adjusted for age, body height, and body mass.

Results:
Results from single linear regression analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) association between physical fitness (composite score) and attention (composite score) (standardized ss = 0.40), showing a small to medium effect (F-2 = 0.14). Further, coordination had a significant relation with the composite score and the quantitative dimension of attention (standardized ss = 0.35; p < 0.01; standardized ss = - 0.33; p < 0.05). Coordination explained about 11% (composite score) and 9% (quantitative dimension) of the variance in the stepwise multiple regression model.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that performance in physical fitness, particularly coordination, is related to attention in preschool children. Thus, high performance in complex fitness components (i.e., hopping on one leg) tends to predict attention in preschool children. Further longitudinal studies should focus on the effectiveness of physical activity programs implementing coordination and complex exercises at preschool age to examine cause-effect relationships between physical fitness and attention precisely.
KW  - Motor skills
KW  - Cognitive skills
KW  - Attention
KW  - Kindergarten
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00470-w
SN  - 2052-1847
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Machimbarrena, Juan Manuel
A1  - Wright, Michelle F.
A1  - Gámez-Guadix, Manuel
A1  - Yang, Soeun
A1  - Sittichai, Ruthaychonnee
A1  - Singh, Ritu
A1  - Biswal, Ramakrishna
A1  - Flora, Katerina
A1  - Daskalou, Vassiliki
A1  - Maziridou, Evdoxia
A1  - Sung Hong, Jun
A1  - Krause, Norman
T1  - Associations between Coping Strategies and Cyberhate Involvement: Evidence from Adolescents across Three World Regions
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
N2  - Cyberhate represents a risk to adolescents’ development and peaceful coexistence in democratic societies. Yet, not much is known about the relationship between adolescents’ ability to cope with cyberhate and their cyberhate involvement. To fill current gaps in the literature and inform the development of media education programs, the present study investigated various coping strategies in a hypothetical cyberhate scenario as correlates for being cyberhate victims, perpetrators, and both victim–perpetrators. The sample consisted of 6829 adolescents aged 12–18 years old (Mage = 14.93, SD = 1.64; girls: 50.4%, boys: 48.9%, and 0.7% did not indicate their gender) from Asia, Europe, and North America. Results showed that adolescents who endorsed distal advice or endorsed technical coping showed a lower likelihood to be victims, perpetrators, or victim–perpetrators. In contrast, if adolescents felt helpless or endorsed retaliation to cope with cyberhate, they showed higher odds of being involved in cyberhate as victims, perpetrators, or victim–perpetrators. Finally, adolescents who endorsed close support as a coping strategy showed a lower likelihood to be victim–perpetrators, and adolescents who endorsed assertive coping showed higher odds of being victims. In conclusion, the results confirm the importance of addressing adolescents’ ability to deal with cyberhate to develop more tailored prevention approaches. More specifically, such initiatives should focus on adolescents who feel helpless or feel inclined to retaliate. In addition, adolescents should be educated to practice distal advice and technical coping when experiencing cyberhate. Implications for the design and instruction of evidence-based cyberhate prevention (e.g., online educational games, virtual learning environments) will be discussed.
KW  - cyberhate
KW  - hate speech
KW  - coping strategies
KW  - cross-national
KW  - counter-speech
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116749
SN  - 1660-4601
VL  - 19
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kwanbunjan, Karunee
A1  - Panprathip, Pornpimol
A1  - Phosat, Chanchira
A1  - Chumpathat, Noppanath
A1  - Wechjakwen, Naruemon
A1  - Puduang, Somchai
A1  - Auyyuenyong, Ratchada
A1  - Henkel, Ina
A1  - Schweigert, Florian J.
T1  - Association of retinol binding protein 4 and transthyretin with triglyceride levels and insulin resistance in rural thais with high type 2 diabetes risk
JF  - BMC Endocrine Disorders
N2  - Background: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), a protein secreted by adipocytes and bound in plasma to transthyretin (TTR), has been associated with obesity, the early phase of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between RBP4, TTR, triglyceride (TG) and type 2 diabetes risk in rural Thailand. Results: RBP4 and TTR levels, as well as homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, were significantly elevated among subjects with high triglyceride levels (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Triglyceride levels correlated with RBP4 (r = 0.34, p < 0.001) and TTR (r= 0.26, p < 0.01) levels, as well as HOMA-IR values (r= 0.16, p < 0.05). After adjustment for age and gender, the risk of hypertriglyceridemia was 3.7 times greater (95% Cl =1.42 -9.73, p = 0.008) in the highest RBP4 tertile as compared to the lowest tertile. Similarly, the highest TTR and HOMA-IR tertiles had greater risk of hypertriglyceridemia at 3.5 (95% Cl = 1.30-9.20, p = 0.01) and 3.6 (95% CI = 1.33- 9.58, p = 0.01) times higher than the respective lowest tertiles. The correlation between TTR and blood glucose was statistically significant (r 0.18, p < 0.05), but not found this relationship in RBP4. Conclusions: The associations of RBP4 and TTR with hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance may have important implications for the risk of heart disease and stroke.
KW  - RBP4
KW  - TTR
KW  - HOMA-IR
KW  - Hypertriglyceridemia
KW  - Type 2 diabetes
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-018-0254-2
SN  - 1472-6823
VL  - 18
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Osei, Francis
A1  - Block, Andrea
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1  - Association of primary allostatic load mediators and metabolic syndrome (MetS): A systematic review
JF  - Frontiers in Endocrinology
N2  - Allostatic load (AL) exposure may cause detrimental effects on the neuroendocrine system, leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The primary mediators of AL involve serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; a functional HPA axis antagonist); further, cortisol, urinary norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI) excretion levels (assessed within 12-h urine as a golden standard for the evaluation of the HPA axis activity and sympathetic nervous system activity). However, the evidence of an association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS is limited. This systematic review aimed to critically examine the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles from January 2010 to December 2021, published in English. The search strategy focused on cross-sectional and case–control studies comprising adult participants with MetS, obesity, overweight, and without chronic diseases. The STROBE checklist was used to assess study quality control. Of 770 studies, twenty-one studies with a total sample size (n = 10,666) met the eligibility criteria. Eighteen studies were cross-sectional, and three were case–control studies. The included studies had a completeness of reporting score of COR % = 87.0 ± 6.4%. It is to be noted, that cortisol as a primary mediator of AL showed an association with MetS in 50% (urinary cortisol), 40% (serum cortisol), 60% (salivary cortisol), and 100% (hair cortisol) of the studies. For DHEAS, it is to conclude that 60% of the studies showed an association with MetS. In contrast, urinary EPI and urinary NE had 100% no association with MetS. In summary, there is a tendency for the association between higher serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, urinary cortisol, hair cortisol, and lower levels of DHEAS with MetS. Future studies focusing on longitudinal data are warranted for clarification and understanding of the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS.
KW  - allostatic load
KW  - cortisol
KW  - dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
KW  - epinephrine
KW  - norepinephrine
KW  - metabolic syndrome
KW  - primary marker
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.946740
SN  - 1664-2392
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eichelmann, Fabian
A1  - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
A1  - Wittenbecher, Clemens
A1  - Menzel, Juliane
A1  - Weikert, Cornelia
A1  - di Giuseppe, Romina
A1  - Biemann, Ronald
A1  - Isermann, Berend
A1  - Fritsche, Andreas
A1  - Boeing, Heiner
A1  - Aleksandrova, Krasimira
T1  - Association of Chemerin Plasma Concentration With Risk of Colorectal Cancer
JF  - JAMA network open
N2  - IMPORTANCE Inflammatory processes have been suggested to have an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) etiology. Chemerin is a recently discovered inflammatory biomarker thought to exert chemotactic, adipogenic, and angiogenic functions. However, its potential link with CRC has not been sufficiently explored. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prospective association of circulating plasma chemerin concentrations with incident CRC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective case-cohort study based on 27 548 initially healthy participants from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort who were followed for up to 16 years. Baseline study information and samples were collected between August 23, 1994, and September 25, 1998. Recruitment was according to random registry sampling from the geographical area of Potsdam, Germany, and surrounding municipalities. The last date of study follow-up was May 10, 2010. Statistical analysis was conducted in 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident CRC, colon cancer, and rectal cancer. Baseline chemerin plasma concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that the association between chemerin concentration and the risk of incident CRC was linear and independent of established CRC risk factors. Further studies are warranted to evaluate chemerin as a novel immune-inflammatory agent in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0896
SN  - 2574-3805
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
PB  - American Veterinary Medical Association
CY  - Chicago
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arazi, Hamid
A1  - Asadi, Abbas
A1  - Khalkhali, Farhood
A1  - Boullosa, Daniel
A1  - Hackney, Anthony C.
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Zouhal, Hassane
T1  - Association Between the Acute to Chronic Workload Ratio and Injury Occurrence in Young Male Team Soccer Players
BT  - A Preliminary Study
JF  - Frontiers in Physiology
N2  - This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR), based upon participant session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), using two models [(1) rolling averages (ACWRRA); and (2) exponentially weighted moving averages (ACWREWMA)] and the injury rate in young male team soccer players aged 17.1 ± 0.7 years during a competitive mesocycle. Twenty-two players were enrolled in this study and performed four training sessions per week with 2 days of recovery and 1 match day per week. During each training session and each weekly match, training time and sRPE were recorded. In addition, training impulse (TRIMP), monotony, and strain were subsequently calculated. The rate of injury was recorded for each soccer player over a period of 4 weeks (i.e., 28 days) using a daily questionnaire. The results showed that over the course of the study, the number of non-contact injuries was significantly higher than that for contact injuries (2.5 vs. 0.5, p = 0.01). There were also significant positive correlations between sRPE and training time (r = 0.411, p = 0.039), ACWRRA (r = 0.47, p = 0.049), and ACWREWMA (r = 0.51, p = 0.038). In addition, small-to-medium correlations were detected between ACWR and non-contact injury occurrence (ACWRRA, r = 0.31, p = 0.05; ACWREWMA, r = 0.53, p = 0.03). Explained variance (r 2) for non-contact injury was significantly greater using the ACWREWMA model (ranging between 21 and 52%) compared with ACWRRA (ranging between 17 and 39%). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the ACWREWMA model is more sensitive than ACWRRA to identify non-contact injury occurrence in male team soccer players during a short period in the competitive season.
KW  - training load
KW  - rate of perceived exertion
KW  - rolling averages
KW  - weighted moving averages
KW  - football
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00995
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 11
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sariati, Dorsaf
A1  - Zouhal, Hassane
A1  - Hammami, Raouf
A1  - Clark, Cain Craig Truman
A1  - Nebigh, Ammar
A1  - Chtara, Moktar
A1  - Hackney, Anthony C.
A1  - Souissi, Nizar
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Ben Ounis, Omar
T1  - Association Between Mental Imagery and Change of Direction Performance in Young Elite Soccer Players of Different Maturity Status
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - Previous studies have not considered the potential influence of maturity status on the relationship between mental imagery and change of direction (CoD) speed in youth soccer. Accordingly, this cross-sectional study examined the association between mental imagery and CoD performance in young elite soccer players of different maturity status. Forty young male soccer players, aged 10-17 years, were assigned into two groups according to their predicted age at peak height velocity (PHV) (Pre-PHV; n = 20 and Post-PHV; n = 20). Participants were evaluated on soccer-specific tests of CoD with (CoDBall-15m) and without (CoD-15m) the ball. Participants completed the movement imagery questionnaire (MIQ) with the three- dimensional structure, internal visual imagery (IVI), external visual imagery (EVI), as well as kinesthetic imagery (KI). The Post-PHV players achieved significantly better results than Pre-PHV in EVI (ES = 1.58, large; p < 0.001), CoD-15m (ES = 2.09, very large; p < 0.001) and CoDBall-15m (ES = 1.60, large; p < 0.001). Correlations were significantly different between maturity groups, where, for the pre-PHV group, a negative very large correlation was observed between CoDBall-15m and KI (r = –0.73, p = 0.001). For the post-PHV group, large negative correlations were observed between CoD-15m and IVI (r = –0.55, p = 0.011), EVI (r = –062, p = 0.003), and KI (r = –0.52, p = 0.020). A large negative correlation of CoDBall-15m with EVI (r = –0.55, p = 0.012) and very large correlation with KI (r = –0.79, p = 0.001) were also observed. This study provides evidence of the theoretical and practical use for the CoD tasks stimulus with imagery. We recommend that sport psychology specialists, coaches, and athletes integrated imagery for CoD tasks in pre-pubertal soccer players to further improve CoD related performance.
KW  - mental imagery
KW  - football
KW  - maturation
KW  - speed
KW  - adolescents
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.665508
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dech, Silas
A1  - Bittmann, Frank
A1  - Schaefer, Laura
T1  - Assessment of the adaptive force of Elbow extensors in healthy subjects quantified by a novel pneumatically driven measurement system with considerations of its quality criteria
JF  - Diagnostics : open access journal
N2  - Adaptive Force (AF) reflects the capability of the neuromuscular system to adapt adequately to external forces with the intention of maintaining a position or motion. One specific approach to assessing AF is to measure force and limb position during a pneumatically applied increasing external force. Through this method, the highest (AFmax), the maximal isometric (AFisomax) and the maximal eccentric Adaptive Force (AFeccmax) can be determined. The main question of the study was whether the AFisomax is a specific and independent parameter of muscle function compared to other maximal forces. In 13 healthy subjects (9 male and 4 female), the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (pre- and post-MVIC), the three AF parameters and the MVIC with a prior concentric contraction (MVICpri-con) of the elbow extensors were measured 4 times on two days. Arithmetic mean (M) and maximal (Max) torques of all force types were analyzed. Regarding the reliability of the AF parameters between days, the mean changes were 0.31–1.98 Nm (0.61%–5.47%, p = 0.175–0.552), the standard errors of measurements (SEM) were 1.29–5.68 Nm (2.53%–15.70%) and the ICCs(3,1) = 0.896–0.996. M and Max of AFisomax, AFmax and pre-MVIC correlated highly (r = 0.85–0.98). The M and Max of AFisomax were significantly lower (6.12–14.93 Nm; p ≤ 0.001–0.009) and more variable between trials (coefficient of variation (CVs) ≥ 21.95%) compared to those of pre-MVIC and AFmax (CVs ≤ 5.4%). The results suggest the novel measuring procedure is suitable to reliably quantify the AF, whereby the presented measurement errors should be taken into consideration. The AFisomax seems to reflect its own strength capacity and should be detected separately. It is suggested its normalization to the MVIC or AFmax could serve as an indicator of a neuromuscular function.
KW  - adaptive force
KW  - sensorimotor control
KW  - isometric muscle action
KW  - eccentric muscle action
KW  - maximal voluntary contraction
KW  - adaptive holding capacity
KW  - reliability
KW  - validity
KW  - neuromuscular functionality
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060923
SN  - 2075-4418
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - König, Johanna
A1  - Block, Andrea
A1  - Becker, Mathias
A1  - Fenske, Kristin
A1  - Hertel, Johannes
A1  - Van der Auwera, Sandra
A1  - Zymara, Kathleen
A1  - Voelzke, Henry
A1  - Freyberger, Harald Jürgen
A1  - Grabe, Hans Joergen
T1  - Assessment of subjective emotional valence and long-lasting impact of life events
BT  - development and psychometrics of the Stralsund Life Event List (SEL)
JF  - BMC Psychiatry
N2  - Background: Life events (LEs) are associated with future physical and mental health. They are crucial for understanding the pathways to mental disorders as well as the interactions with biological parameters. However, deeper insight is needed into the complex interplay between the type of LE, its subjective evaluation and accompanying factors such as social support. The "Stralsund Life Event List" (SEL) was developed to facilitate this research. 
Methods: The SEL is a standardized interview that assesses the time of occurrence and frequency of 81 LEs, their subjective emotional valence, the perceived social support during the LE experience and the impact of past LEs on present life. Data from 2265 subjects from the general population-based cohort study "Study of Health in Pomerania" (SHIP) were analysed. Based on the mean emotional valence ratings of the whole sample, LEs were categorized as "positive" or "negative". For verification, the SEL was related to lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD; Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview), childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), resilience (Resilience Scale) and subjective health (SF-12 Health Survey). 
Conclusions: The SEL is a valid instrument that enables the analysis of the number and frequency of LEs, their emotional valence, perceived social support and current impact on life on a global score and on an individual item level. Thus, we can recommend its use in research settings that require the assessment and analysis of the relationship between the occurrence and subjective evaluation of LEs as well as the complex balance between distressing and stabilizing life experiences.
KW  - Positive life events
KW  - Negative life events
KW  - General population
KW  - Emotional valence
KW  - Depressive disorder
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1649-3
SN  - 1471-244X
VL  - 18
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hahn, Daniela
A1  - Weck, Florian
A1  - Witthöft, Michael
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
T1  - Assessment of counseling self-efficacy
BT  - validation of the German Counselor Activity self-efficacy scales-revised
JF  - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2  - Background: 
Many authors regard counseling self-efficacy (CSE) as important in therapist development and training. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the German version of the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales-Revised (CASES-R).

Method:
The sample consisted of 670 German psychotherapy trainees, who completed an online survey. We examined the factor structure by applying exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to the instrument as a whole.

Results:
A bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling model with one general and five specific factors provided the best fit to the data. Omega hierarchical coefficients indicated optimal reliability for the general factor, acceptable reliability for the Action Skills-Revised (AS-R) factor, and insufficient estimates for the remaining factors. The CASES-R scales yielded significant correlations with related measures, but also with therapeutic orientations.

Conclusion:
We found support for the reliability and validity of the German CASES-R. However, the subdomains (except AS-R) should be interpreted with caution, and we do not recommend the CASES-R for comparisons between psychotherapeutic orientations.
KW  - counselor activity self-efficacy scales
KW  - counseling self-efficacy
KW  - psychotherapy training
KW  - assessment
KW  - factor structure
KW  - validation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.780088
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ben Nsir, Siwar
A1  - Jomaa, Seifeddine
A1  - Yildirim, Umit
A1  - Zhou, Xiangqian
A1  - D'Oria, Marco
A1  - Rode, Michael
A1  - Khlifi, Slaheddine
T1  - Assessment of climate change impact on discharge of the lakhmass catchment (Northwest Tunisia)
JF  - Water
N2  - The Mediterranean region is increasingly recognized as a climate change hotspot but is highly underrepresented in hydrological climate change studies. This study aims to investigate the climate change effects on the hydrology of Lakhmass catchment in Tunisia. Lakhmass catchment is a part of the Medium Valley of Medjerda in northwestern Tunisia that drains an area of 126 km(2). First, the Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning light (HBV-light) model was calibrated and validated successfully at a daily time step to simulate discharge during the 1981-1986 period. The Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency and Percent bias (NSE, PBIAS) were (0.80, +2.0%) and (0.53, -9.5%) for calibration (September 1982-August 1984) and validation (September 1984-August 1986) periods, respectively. Second, HBV-light model was considered as a predictive tool to simulate discharge in a baseline period (1981-2009) and future projections using data (precipitation and temperature) from thirteen combinations of General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Regional Climatic Models (RCMs). We used two trajectories of Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Each RCP is divided into three projection periods: near-term (2010-2039), mid-term (2040-2069) and long-term (2070-2099). For both scenarios, a decrease in precipitation and discharge will be expected with an increase in air temperature and a reduction in precipitation with almost 5% for every +1 degrees C of global warming. By long-term (2070-2099) projection period, results suggested an increase in temperature with about 2.7 degrees C and 4 degrees C, and a decrease in precipitation of approximately 7.5% and 15% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. This will likely result in a reduction of discharge of 12.5% and 36.6% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. This situation calls for early climate change adaptation measures under a participatory approach, including multiple stakeholders and water users.
KW  - hydrological modeling
KW  - HBV-light model
KW  - Mediterranean
KW  - discharge
KW  - climate change
KW  - RCP4,5 and 8,5
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142242
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 14
IS  - 14
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Henschke, Jakob
A1  - Kaplick, Hannes
A1  - Wochatz, Monique
A1  - Engel, Tilman
T1  - Assessing the validity of inertial measurement units for shoulder kinematics using a commercial sensor-software system
BT  - a validation study
JF  - Health science reports
N2  - Background and Aims Wearable inertial sensors may offer additional kinematic parameters of the shoulder compared to traditional instruments such as goniometers when elaborate and time-consuming data processing procedures are undertaken. However, in clinical practice simple-real time motion analysis is required to improve clinical reasoning. Therefore, the aim was to assess the criterion validity between a portable "off-the-shelf" sensor-software system (IMU) and optical motion (Mocap) for measuring kinematic parameters during active shoulder movements. Methods 24 healthy participants (9 female, 15 male, age 29 +/- 4 years, height 177 +/- 11 cm, weight 73 +/- 14 kg) were included. Range of motion (ROM), total range of motion (TROM), peak and mean angular velocity of both systems were assessed during simple (abduction/adduction, horizontal flexion/horizontal extension, vertical flexion/extension, and external/internal rotation) and complex shoulder movements. Criterion validity was determined using intraclass-correlation coefficients (ICC), root mean square error (RMSE) and Bland and Altmann analysis (bias; upper and lower limits of agreement). Results ROM and TROM analysis revealed inconsistent validity during simple (ICC: 0.040-0.733, RMSE: 9.7 degrees-20.3 degrees, bias: 1.2 degrees-50.7 degrees) and insufficient agreement during complex shoulder movements (ICC: 0.104-0.453, RMSE: 10.1 degrees-23.3 degrees, bias: 1.0 degrees-55.9 degrees). Peak angular velocity (ICC: 0.202-0.865, RMSE: 14.6 degrees/s-26.7 degrees/s, bias: 10.2 degrees/s-29.9 degrees/s) and mean angular velocity (ICC: 0.019-0.786, RMSE:6.1 degrees/s-34.2 degrees/s, bias: 1.6 degrees/s-27.8 degrees/s) were inconsistent. Conclusions The "off-the-shelf" sensor-software system showed overall insufficient agreement with the gold standard. Further development of commercial IMU-software-solutions may increase measurement accuracy and permit their integration into everyday clinical practice.
KW  - diagnostic techniques and procedures
KW  - kinematics
KW  - shoulder joint
KW  - validation study
KW  - wearable devices
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.772
SN  - 2398-8835
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fehr, Jana
A1  - Piccininni, Marco
A1  - Kurth, Tobias
A1  - Konigorski, Stefan
T1  - Assessing the transportability of clinical prediction models for cognitive impairment using causal models
JF  - BMC medical research methodology
N2  - Background
Machine learning models promise to support diagnostic predictions, but may not perform well in new settings. Selecting the best model for a new setting without available data is challenging. We aimed to investigate the transportability by calibration and discrimination of prediction models for cognitive impairment in simulated external settings with different distributions of demographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods
We mapped and quantified relationships between variables associated with cognitive impairment using causal graphs, structural equation models, and data from the ADNI study. These estimates were then used to generate datasets and evaluate prediction models with different sets of predictors. We measured transportability to external settings under guided interventions on age, APOE & epsilon;4, and tau-protein, using performance differences between internal and external settings measured by calibration metrics and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC).

Results
Calibration differences indicated that models predicting with causes of the outcome were more transportable than those predicting with consequences. AUC differences indicated inconsistent trends of transportability between the different external settings. Models predicting with consequences tended to show higher AUC in the external settings compared to internal settings, while models predicting with parents or all variables showed similar AUC.

Conclusions
We demonstrated with a practical prediction task example that predicting with causes of the outcome results in better transportability compared to anti-causal predictions when considering calibration differences. We conclude that calibration performance is crucial when assessing model transportability to external settings.
KW  - Alzheimer's Disease
KW  - Clinical risk prediction
KW  - DAG
KW  - Causality;
KW  - Transportability
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-02003-6
SN  - 1471-2288
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pawlak, Julia
A1  - Noetzel, Dominique Christian
A1  - Drago, Claudia
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
T1  - Assessing the toxicity of polystyrene beads and silica particles on the microconsumer Brachionus calyciflorus at different timescales
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Science
N2  - Environmental pollution by microplastics has become a severe problem in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and, according to actual prognoses, problems will further increase in the future. Therefore, assessing and quantifying the risk for the biota is crucial. Standardized short-term toxicological procedures as well as methods quantifying potential toxic effects over the whole life span of an animal are required. We studied the effect of the microplastic polystyrene on the survival and reproduction of a common freshwater invertebrate, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, at different timescales. We used pristine polystyrene spheres of 1, 3, and 6 µm diameter and fed them to the animals together with food algae in different ratios ranging from 0 to 50% nonfood particles. As a particle control, we used silica to distinguish between a pure particle effect and a plastic effect. After 24 h, no toxic effect was found, neither with polystyrene nor with silica. After 96 h, a toxic effect was detectable for both particle types. The size of the particles played a negligible role. Studying the long-term effect by using life table experiments, we found a reduced reproduction when the animals were fed with 3 µm spheres together with similar-sized food algae. We conclude that the fitness reduction is mainly driven by the dilution of food by the nonfood particles rather than by a direct toxic effect.
KW  - microplastics
KW  - rotifer
KW  - freshwater
KW  - natural particle
KW  - toxicity
KW  - environmental pollution
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.955425
SN  - 2296-665X
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jing, Miao
A1  - Kumar, Rohini
A1  - Heße, Falk
A1  - Thober, Stephan
A1  - Rakovec, Oldrich
A1  - Samaniego, Luis
A1  - Attinger, Sabine
T1  - Assessing the response of groundwater quantity and travel time distribution to 1.5, 2, and 3 °C global warming in a mesoscale central German basin
JF  - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
N2  - Groundwater is the biggest single source of high-quality freshwater worldwide, which is also continuously threatened by the changing climate. In this paper, we investigate the response of the regional groundwater system to climate change under three global warming levels (1.5, 2, and 3 ∘C) in a central German basin (Nägelstedt). This investigation is conducted by deploying an integrated modeling workflow that consists of a mesoscale hydrologic model (mHM) and a fully distributed groundwater model, OpenGeoSys (OGS). mHM is forced with climate simulations of five general circulation models under three representative concentration pathways. The diffuse recharges estimated by mHM are used as boundary forcings to the OGS groundwater model to compute changes in groundwater levels and travel time distributions. Simulation results indicate that groundwater recharges and levels are expected to increase slightly under future climate scenarios. Meanwhile, the mean travel time is expected to decrease compared to the historical average. However, the ensemble simulations do not all agree on the sign of relative change. Changes in mean travel time exhibit a larger variability than those in groundwater levels. The ensemble simulations do not show a systematic relationship between the projected change (in both groundwater levels and travel times) and the warming level, but they indicate an increased variability in projected changes with adjusting the enhanced warming level from 1.5 to 3 ∘C. Correspondingly, it is highly recommended to restrain the trend of global warming.
KW  - climate change impacts
KW  - hydrological models
KW  - coupled surface
KW  - water fluxes
KW  - catchment
KW  - recharge
KW  - dynamics
KW  - aquifer
KW  - flow
KW  - parameterization
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1511-2020
SN  - 1607-7938
SN  - 1027-5606
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 1511
EP  - 1526
PB  - Copernicus Publ.
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pohl, Martin
A1  - Macias, Oscar
A1  - Coleman, Phaedra
A1  - Gordon, Chris
T1  - Assessing the impact of hydrogen absorption on the characteristics of the Galactic center excess
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We present a new reconstruction of the distribution of atomic hydrogen in the inner Galaxy that is based on explicit radiation transport modeling of line and continuum emission and a gas-flow model in the barred Galaxy that provides distance resolution for lines of sight toward the Galactic center. 

The main benefits of the new gas model are (a) the ability to reproduce the negative line signals seen with the HI4PI survey and (b) the accounting for gas that primarily manifests itself through absorption. 
We apply the new model of Galactic atomic hydrogen to an analysis of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the inner Galaxy, for which an excess at a few GeV was reported that may be related to dark matter. 
We find with high significance an improved fit to the diffuse gamma-ray emission observed with the Fermi-LAT, if our new H i model is used to estimate the cosmic-ray induced diffuse gamma-ray emission. 
The fit still requires a nuclear bulge at high significance. Once this is included there is no evidence of a dark-matter signal, be it cuspy or cored. But an additional so-called boxy bulge is still favored by the data. 
This finding is robust under the variation of various parameters, for example, the excitation temperature of atomic hydrogen, and a number of tests for systematic issues.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6032
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 929
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Francke, Till
A1  - Heistermann, Maik
A1  - Köhli, Markus
A1  - Budach, Christian
A1  - Schrön, Martin
A1  - Oswald, Sascha
T1  - Assessing the feasibility of a directional cosmic-ray neutron sensing sensor for estimating soil moisture
JF  - Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems
N2  - Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is a non-invasive tool for measuring hydrogen pools such as soil moisture, snow or vegetation. The intrinsic integration over a radial hectare-scale footprint is a clear advantage for averaging out small-scale heterogeneity, but on the other hand the data may become hard to interpret in complex terrain with patchy land use.

This study presents a directional shielding approach to prevent neutrons from certain angles from being counted while counting neutrons entering the detector from other angles and explores its potential to gain a sharper horizontal view on the surrounding soil moisture distribution.

Using the Monte Carlo code URANOS (Ultra Rapid Neutron-Only Simulation), we modelled the effect of additional polyethylene shields on the horizontal field of view and assessed its impact on the epithermal count rate, propagated uncertainties and aggregation time.

The results demonstrate that directional CRNS measurements are strongly dominated by isotropic neutron transport, which dilutes the signal of the targeted direction especially from the far field. For typical count rates of customary CRNS stations, directional shielding of half-spaces could not lead to acceptable precision at a daily time resolution. However, the mere statistical distinction of two rates should be feasible.
KW  - water-balance
KW  - quantification
KW  - calibration
KW  - validation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-75-2022
SN  - 2193-0864
SN  - 2193-0856
VL  - 11
SP  - 75
EP  - 92
PB  - Copernicus Publ.
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Walther, Sophia
A1  - Guanter, Luis
A1  - Heim, Birgit
A1  - Jung, Martin
A1  - Duveiller, Gregory
A1  - Wolanin, Aleksandra
A1  - Sachs, Torsten
T1  - Assessing the dynamics of vegetation productivity in circumpolar regions with different satellite indicators of greenness and photosynthesis
JF  - Biogeosciences
N2  - High-latitude treeless ecosystems represent spatially highly heterogeneous landscapes with small net carbon fluxes and a short growing season. Reliable observations and process understanding are critical for projections of the carbon balance of the climate-sensitive tundra. Space-borne remote sensing is the only tool to obtain spatially continuous and temporally resolved information on vegetation greenness and activity in remote circumpolar areas. However, confounding effects from persistent clouds, low sun elevation angles, numerous lakes, widespread surface inundation, and the sparseness of the vegetation render it highly challenging. Here, we conduct an extensive analysis of the timing of peak vegetation productivity as shown by satellite observations of complementary indicators of plant greenness and photosynthesis. We choose to focus on productivity during the peak of the growing season, as it importantly affects the total annual carbon uptake. The suite of indicators are as follows: (1) MODIS-based vegetation indices (VIs) as proxies for the fraction of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) that is absorbed (fPAR), (2) VIs combined with estimates of PAR as a proxy of the total absorbed radiation (APAR), (3) sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) serving as a proxy for photosynthesis, (4) vegetation optical depth (VOD), indicative of total water content and (5) empirically upscaled modelled gross primary productivity (GPP). Averaged over the pan-Arctic we find a clear order of the annual peak as APAR <= GPP < SIF < VIs/VOD. SIF as an indicator of photosynthesis is maximised around the time of highest annual temperatures. The modelled GPP peaks at a similar time to APAR. The time lag of the annual peak between APAR and instantaneous SIF fluxes indicates that the SIF data do contain information on light-use efficiency of tundra vegetation, but further detailed studies are necessary to verify this. Delayed peak greenness compared to peak photosynthesis is consistently found across years and land-cover classes. A particularly late peak of the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) in regions with very small seasonality in greenness and a high amount of lakes probably originates from artefacts. Given the very short growing season in circumpolar areas, the average time difference in maximum annual photosynthetic activity and greenness or growth of 3 to 25 days (depending on the data sets chosen) is important and needs to be considered when using satellite observations as drivers in vegetation models.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6221-2018
SN  - 1726-4170
SN  - 1726-4189
VL  - 15
IS  - 20
SP  - 6221
EP  - 6256
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fanselow, Gisbert
A1  - Zimmermann, Malte
A1  - Philipp, Mareike
T1  - Assessing the availability of inverse scope in German in the covered box paradigm
JF  - Glossa : a journal of general linguistics
N2  - This paper presents the results of a novel experimental approach to relative quantifier scope in German that elicits data in an indirect manner. Applying the covered-box method (Huang et al. 2013) to scope phenomena, we show that inverse scope is available to some extent in the free constituent order language German, thereby validating earlier findings on other syntactic configurations in German (Rado & Bott 2018) and empirical claims on other free constituent order languages (Japanese, Russian, Hindi), as well as recent corpus findings in Webelhuth (2020). Moreover, the results of the indirect covered-box experiment replicate findings from an earlier direct-query experiment with comparable target items, in which participants were asked directly about the availability of surface scope and inverse scope readings. The configuration of interest consisted of canonical transitive clauses with deaccented existential subject and universal object QPs, in which the restriction of the universal QP was controlled for by the context.
KW  - inverse scope
KW  - covered-box
KW  - free constituent order
KW  - German
KW  - experimental semantics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5766
SN  - 2397-1835
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
PB  - Open Library of Humanities
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gasparatos, Nikolaos
A1  - Scheffler, Christiane
A1  - Hermanussen, Michael
T1  - Assessing the applicability of changepoint analysis to analyse short-term growth
JF  - Human biology and public health
N2  - Background: Assessing short-term growth in humans is still fraught with difficulties. Especially when looking for small variations and increments, such as mini growth spurts, high precision instruments or frequent measurements are necessary. Daily measurements however require a lot of effort, both for anthropologists and for the subjects. Therefore, new sophisticated approaches are needed that reduce fluctuations and reveal underlying patterns.

Objectives: Changepoints are abrupt variations in the properties of time series data. In the context of growth, such variations could be variation in mean height. By adjusting the variance and using different growth models, we assessed the ability of changepoint analysis to analyse short-term growth and detect mini growth spurts.

Sample and Methods: We performed Bayesian changepoint analysis on simulated growth data using the bcp package in R. Simulated growth patterns included stasis, linear growth, catch-up growth, and mini growth spurts. Specificity and a normalised variant of the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) were used to assess the algorithm’s performance. Welch’s t-test was used to compare differences of the mean.

Results: First results show that changepoint analysis can detect mini growth spurts. However, the ability to detect mini growth spurts is highly dependent on measurement error. Data preparation, such as ranking and rotating time series data, showed negligible improvements. Missing data was an issue and may affect the prediction quality of the classification metrics.

Conclusion: Changepoint analysis is a promising tool to analyse short-term growth. However, further optimisation and analysis of real growth data is needed to make broader generalisations.
KW  - changepoint analysis
KW  - changepoint detection
KW  - performance evaluation
KW  - mini growth spurt
KW  - short-term growth
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph2023.1.62
SN  - 2748-9957
VL  - 1
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinze, Peter Eric
A1  - Weck, Florian
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
T1  - Assessing patient preferences
BT  - examination of the german cooper-norcross inventory of preferences
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Despite the positive effects of including patients' preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP.
KW  - psychotherapy
KW  - preference
KW  - activity preference
KW  - preference assessment
KW  - validation study
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795776
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinze, Peter Eric
A1  - Weck, Florian
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
T1  - Assessing Patient Preferences
BT  - Examination of the German Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - Despite the positive effects of including patients’ preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP.
KW  - psychotherapy
KW  - preference
KW  - activity preference
KW  - preference assessment
KW  - validation study
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795776
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Smith, Taylor
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
T1  - Assessing Multi-Temporal Snow-Volume Trends in High Mountain Asia From 1987 to 2016 Using High-Resolution Passive Microwave Data
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - High Mountain Asia (HMA) is dependent upon both the amount and timing of snow and glacier meltwater. Previous model studies and coarse resolution (0.25° × 0.25°, ∼25 km × 25 km) passive microwave assessments of trends in the volume and timing of snowfall, snowmelt, and glacier melt in HMA have identified key spatial and seasonal heterogeneities in the response of snow to changes in regional climate. Here we use recently developed, continuous, internally consistent, and high-resolution passive microwave data (3.125 km × 3.125 km, 1987–2016) from the special sensor microwave imager instrument family to refine and extend previous estimates of changes in the snow regime of HMA. We find an overall decline in snow volume across HMA; however, there exist spatially contiguous regions of increasing snow volume—particularly during the winter season in the Pamir, Karakoram, Hindu Kush, and Kunlun Shan. Detailed analysis of changes in snow-volume trends through time reveal a large step change from negative trends during the period 1987–1997, to much more positive trends across large regions of HMA during the periods 1997–2007 and 2007–2016. We also find that changes in high percentile monthly snow-water volume exhibit steeper trends than changes in low percentile snow-water volume, which suggests a reduction in the frequency of high snow-water volumes in much of HMA. Regions with positive snow-water storage trends generally correspond to regions of positive glacier mass balances.
KW  - snow
KW  - glacier
KW  - climate change
KW  - passive microwave
KW  - special sensor microwave imager
KW  - special sensor microwave imager/sounder
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.559175
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jesus, Sonia A.
A1  - Schmidt, Anke
A1  - Fickel, Jörns
A1  - Doherr, Marcus G.
A1  - Boonprasert, Khajohnpat
A1  - Thitaram, Chatchote
A1  - Sariya, Ladawan
A1  - Ratanakron, Parntep
A1  - Hildebrandt, Thomas Bernd
T1  - Assessing coagulation parameters in healthy Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) from European and thai populations
JF  - Animals
N2  - Simple Summary Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) are considered endangered and their population is in continuous decline. Understanding their social interactions, health, and welfare status has been a topic of intense research in recent decades. Coagulation assessments have been underutilized in wildlife but can give valuable information on individual health. This study aims to increase the knowledge of the coagulation status in healthy Asian elephants from different backgrounds and age groups, using a fast point-of-care analyzer. This tool can be further used in either routine health check-ups performed by caretakers or in a clinical emergency, such as in cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease outbreaks. We have also investigated the presence of genomic mutations in one coagulation factor-factor VII-where a disorder was previously reported in an Asian elephant. Hereby, we report new reference values for coagulation parameters, such as coagulation times and fibrinogen concentration of Asian elephants assessed in Thailand and in Europe, as well as several single point mutations found in the exons of Elephas maximus coagulation F7 gene. We found the point-of-care analyzer used in this study to be very practical and user friendly for a zoo and field environment and hope that this project will incentivize further coagulation studies in Asian elephants and in other wildlife species. The Asian elephant population is continuously declining due to several extrinsic reasons in their range countries, but also due to diseases in captive populations worldwide. One of these diseases, the elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) hemorrhagic disease, is very impactful because it particularly affects Asian elephant calves. It is commonly fatal and presents as an acute and generalized hemorrhagic syndrome. Therefore, having reference values of coagulation parameters, and obtaining such values for diseased animals in a very short time, is of great importance. We analyzed prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen concentrations using a portable and fast point-of-care analyzer (VetScan Pro) in 127 Asian elephants from Thai camps and European captive herds. We found significantly different PT and aPTT coagulation times between elephants from the two regions, as well as clear differences in fibrinogen concentration. Nevertheless, these alterations were not expected to have biological or clinical implications. We have also sequenced the coagulation factor VII gene of 141 animals to assess the presence of a previously reported hereditary coagulation disorder in Asian elephants and to investigate the presence of other mutations. We did not find the previously reported mutation in our study population. Instead, we discovered the presence of several new single nucleotide polymorphisms, two of them being considered as deleterious by effect prediction software.
KW  - coagulation
KW  - Asian elephant
KW  - EEHV
KW  - factor VII
KW  - F7 gene
KW  - prothrombin
KW  - activated PTT
KW  - fibrinogen
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030361
SN  - 2076-2615
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Holger
A1  - Ott, Christiane
A1  - Raupbach, Jana
A1  - Andernach, Lars
A1  - Renz, Matthias
A1  - Grune, Tilman
A1  - Hanschen, Franziska S.
T1  - Assessing bioavailability and bioactivity of 4-Hydroxythiazolidine-2-Thiones, newly discovered glucosinolate degradation products formed during domestic boiling of cabbage
JF  - Frontiers in nutrition
N2  - Glucosinolates are plant secondary metabolites found in cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae) that are valued for their potential health benefits. Frequently consumed representatives of these vegetables, for example, are white or red cabbage, which are typically boiled before consumption. Recently, 3-alk(en)yl-4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thiones were identified as a class of thermal glucosinolate degradation products that are formed during the boiling of cabbage. Since these newly discovered compounds are frequently consumed, this raises questions about their potential uptake and their possible bioactive functions. Therefore, 3-allyl-4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thione (allyl HTT) and 4-hydroxy-3-(4-(methylsulfinyl) butyl)thiazolidine-2-thione (4-MSOB HTT) as degradation products of the respective glucosinolates sinigrin and glucoraphanin were investigated. After consumption of boiled red cabbage broth, recoveries of consumed amounts of the degradation products in urine collected for 24 h were 18 +/- 5% for allyl HTT and 21 +/- 4% for 4-MSOB HTT (mean +/- SD, n = 3). To investigate the stability of the degradation products during uptake and to elucidate the uptake mechanism, both an in vitro stomach and an in vitro intestinal model were applied. The results indicate that the uptake of allyl HTT and 4-MSOB HTT occurs by passive diffusion. Both compounds show no acute cell toxicity, no antioxidant potential, and no change in NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) activity up to 100 mu M. However, inhibition of glycogen synthase kinases-3 (GSK-3) in the range of 20% for allyl HTT for the isoform GSK-3 beta and 29% for 4-MSOB HTT for the isoform GSK-3 alpha at a concentration of 100 mu M was found. Neither health-promoting nor toxic effects of 3-alk(en)yl-4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thiones were found in the four tested assays carried out in this study, which contrasts with the properties of other glucosinolate degradation products, such as isothiocyanates.
KW  - stomach model
KW  - glycogen synthase kinase-3
KW  - cytotoxicity
KW  - antioxidant potential
KW  - intestinal model
KW  - cellular uptake
KW  - isothiocyanate
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.941286
SN  - 2296-861X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heyd, Thomas
T1  - Ascensión al Teide de Alexander von Humboldt
JF  - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies
N2  - En este breve ensayo propongo que en la ascensión al Teide Alexander von Humboldt pudo adquirir una perspectiva integral, que le sirvió como marco de comunicación científica para aunar la multitud de datos que se había dispuesto a recoger en su breve estancia en la isla. Más aun, de ahí en adelante este marco además le serviría para darle sentido de conjunto a las incontables y diversas informaciones que recogería en los restantes cinco años de viaje. Para poner en evidencia el enfoque de la visita a Tenerife de Humboldt, analizo su relato de la ascensión al Teide suponiendo que está estructurado según los relatos de viajes épicos y peregrinaciones.
N2  - In dieser kurzen Abhandlung wird dargelegt, dass Alexander von Humboldt durch die Besteigung des Teide eine integrierende Perspektive erwerben konnte, die ihm als Rahmen wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation dienen würde um die Vielzahl der Daten, welche er sich vorgenommen hatte auf der Insel zu sammeln, zu vereinen. Darüber hinaus wird ihm dieser Rahmen von hier an auch dazu dienen, um den unzähligen und verschiedenartigen Informationen, die er in den verbleibenden fünf Reisejahren sammeln würde, einen einheitlichen Sinn zu geben. Um die Blickrichtung von Humboldts Besuch auf Teneriffa darzulegen, untersuche ich seinen Bericht über die Besteigung des Teide unter der Annahme, dass er den Aufbau epischer Reisen und Pilgerfahrten hat.
N2  - In this brief essay I propose that, with the ascent of the Teide, Alexander von Humboldt was able to acquire an integrating perspective that served him as a framework for scientific communication to unify the multitude of data that he had set out to collect during his brief stay on the island. Moreover, thereafter this framework would also serve him to give a unified sense to the countless and diverse kinds of information that he could collect during the remaining five years of travel. To bring out the focus of Humboldt’s visit to Tenerife, I analyse his account of the ascent of the Teide by assuming that it is structured in the manner of the stories of epic journeys and pilgrimages.
KW  - Bergbesteigung
KW  - Tenerife
KW  - Teneriffa
KW  - Vulkanlandschaften
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-86956
SN  - 1617-5239
SN  - 2568-3543
VL  - XVI
IS  - 30
SP  - 68
EP  - 77
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herrero, Mario
A1  - Thornton, Philip K.
A1  - Mason-D'Croz, Daniel
A1  - Palmer, Jeda
A1  - Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon
A1  - Pradhan, Prajal
A1  - Barrett, Christopher B.
A1  - Benton, Tim G.
A1  - Hall, Andrew
A1  - Pikaar, Ilje
A1  - Bogard, Jessica R.
A1  - Bonnett, Graham D.
A1  - Bryan, Brett A.
A1  - Campbell, Bruce M.
A1  - Christensen, Svend
A1  - Clark, Michael
A1  - Fanzo, Jessica
A1  - Godde, Cecile M.
A1  - Jarvis, Andy
A1  - Loboguerrero, Ana Maria
A1  - Mathys, Alexander
A1  - McIntyre, C. Lynne
A1  - Naylor, Rosamond L.
A1  - Nelson, Rebecca
A1  - Obersteiner, Michael
A1  - Parodi, Alejandro
A1  - Popp, Alexander
A1  - Ricketts, Katie
A1  - Smith, Pete
A1  - Valin, Hugo
A1  - Vermeulen, Sonja J.
A1  - Vervoort, Joost
A1  - van Wijk, Mark
A1  - van Zanten, Hannah H. E.
A1  - West, Paul C.
A1  - Wood, Stephen A.
A1  - Rockström, Johan
T1  - Articulating the effect of food systems innovation on the Sustainable Development Goals
JF  - The lancet Planetary health
N2  - Food system innovations will be instrumental to achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, major innovation breakthroughs can trigger profound and disruptive changes, leading to simultaneous and interlinked reconfigurations of multiple parts of the global food system. The emergence of new technologies or social solutions, therefore, have very different impact profiles, with favourable consequences for some SDGs and unintended adverse side-effects for others. Stand-alone innovations seldom achieve positive outcomes over multiple sustainability dimensions. Instead, they should be embedded as part of systemic changes that facilitate the implementation of the SDGs. Emerging trade-offs need to be intentionally addressed to achieve true sustainability, particularly those involving social aspects like inequality in its many forms, social justice, and strong institutions, which remain challenging. Trade-offs with undesirable consequences are manageable through the development of well planned transition pathways, careful monitoring of key indicators, and through the implementation of transparent science targets at the local level.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30277-1
SN  - 2542-5196
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
SP  - E50
EP  - E62
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thulin, Mirjam
T1  - Arthur Czellitzer (1871 – 1943) and the society for Jewish family research
JF  - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien = Transformative Translations in Jewish History and Culture
N2  - In 1924, the Berlin ophthalmologist Arthur Czellitzer (1871–1943) and like-minded members of the local Jewish community founded the Society for Jewish Family Research. A year later, the Society launched the journal Jüdische Familienforschung (Jewish Family Research), edited by Czellitzer. The Society was an outstanding platform of professional academic and amateur researchers and promoted a type of Jewish genealogy and family history that was shaped by the historical-medical discourse of the time. The concepts and methods of both the biological sciences and Wissenschaft des Judentums shaped and defined the academic approach to family research and history in Czellitzer’s and the Society’s work. The Society soon became the leading international association for the academic Jewish genealogical research. Despite of its brutal end in 1938, Arthur Czellitzer’s and the Society’s works, the issues raised, and the methods they created shape Jewish family research and genealogy until today.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-485534
SN  - 978-3-86956-493-7
SN  - 1614-6492
SN  - 1862-7684
IS  - 26
SP  - 29
EP  - 42
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Garrido, Elisa
T1  - Arte, ciencia y cultura visual en el atlas pintoresco
BT  - vista de la Plaza Mayor de Mexico
JF  - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies
N2  - Lo pintoresco se puede definir como un sentimiento que invita al espectador de una escena particular a reproducirla en un cuadro, algo que permitió a los viajeros del siglo XIX transportar las imágenes como posesiones, especialmente a través de la publicación de un Atlas Pittoresque. Cada una de esas imágenes es un testimonio de los viajes y sus historias cruzadas. Este es el caso de la lámina III, Vista de la Plaza Mayor de México, que forma parte de la obra Vues des Cordillères et Monuments des Peuples Indigènes de l’Amérique, una imagen que ilustra las redes de intercambio que se sucedían entre artistas y científicos a través de los viajes y expediciones.
N2  - The picturesque can be explained as a feeling that invites the viewer of a particular scene to be reproduced in a frame, which allowed the travellers to move images as possessions, especially through the publication of the Atlas Pittoresque. Each of these images is a testimony of interlinked travelogues. This is the case of the Plate III, Vue de la Grande Place de Mexico in Vues des Cordillères et Monuments des Peuples Indigènes de l’Amérique, an image illustrating the exchange networks that were happening between artists and scientists through the travels and expeditions.
N2  - On peut définir le pittoresque comme un sentiment invitant le spectateur d’une scène particulière à la reproduire dans un tableau, et qui a permis aux voyageurs de transporter les images comme des  possessions, particulièrement vers la publication d’un Atlas Pittoresque. Chacune de ces images est un témoignage des voyages et ses histoires croisées. C‘est le cas de la Planche III, Vue de la Grande Place de Mexico, qu’appartiennent aux Vues des Cordillères et Monuments des Peuples Indigènes de l’Amérique, une image représentant des réseaux d‘échanges entre les artistes et les scientifiques vers les voyages et les expéditions.
KW  - Bildtafeln
KW  - México
KW  - Plaza Mayor
KW  - Reiterstandbild
KW  - Vues des Cordilleres
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-86949
SN  - 1617-5239
SN  - 2568-3543
VL  - XVI
IS  - 30
SP  - 54
EP  - 67
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Georgiev, Vasil N.
A1  - Grafmüller, Andrea
A1  - Bléger, David
A1  - Hecht, Stefan
A1  - Kunstmann, Sonja
A1  - Barbirz, Stefanie
A1  - Lipowsky, Reinhard
A1  - Dimova, Rumiana
T1  - Area increase and budding in giant vesicles triggered by light
BT  - behind the scene
JF  - Advanced science
N2  - Biomembranes are constantly remodeled and in cells, these processes are controlled and modulated by an assortment of membrane proteins. Here, it is shown that such remodeling can also be induced by photoresponsive molecules. The morphological control of giant vesicles in the presence of a water-soluble ortho-tetrafluoroazobenzene photoswitch (F-azo) is demonstrated and it is shown that the shape transformations are based on an increase in membrane area and generation of spontaneous curvature. The vesicles exhibit budding and the buds can be retracted by using light of a different wavelength. In the presence of F-azo, the membrane area can increase by more than 5% as assessed from vesicle electrodeformation. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism and the partitioning of F-azo in the membrane, molecular dynamics simulations are employed. Comparison with theoretically calculated shapes reveals that the budded shapes are governed by curvature elasticity, that the spontaneous curvature can be decomposed into a local and a nonlocal contribution, and that the local spontaneous curvature is about 1/(2.5 mu m). The results show that exo- and endocytotic events can be controlled by light and that these photoinduced processes provide an attractive method to change membrane area and morphology.
KW  - azobenzene
KW  - lipid membranes
KW  - molecular dynamics
KW  - photoswitch
KW  - vesicles
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201800432
SN  - 2198-3844
VL  - 5
IS  - 8
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Lisa
A1  - Wilbert, Jürgen
A1  - Lehofer, Mike
A1  - Schwab, Susanne
T1  - Are we good friends?
BT  - Friendship preferences and the quantity and quality of mutual friendships
JF  - European Journal of Special Needs Education
N2  - Empirical studies already examined various facets of the friendship construct. Building on this, the present study examines the questions of how the number of friendships and their quality differ between students with and without SEN and whether a homophily-effect can be identified. The sample consists of 455 fourth-graders from 28 inclusive classes in Austria. The results indicate that students with SEN have fewer friends than students without SEN. Furthermore, students without SEN preferred peers without SEN as a friend. This homophily-effect was shown for students with SEN, too. However, students with and without SEN rated the quality of their friendships similarly and no interactions between the SEN status of oneself or of the friend was found for the quality of the friendship. The results show that, in the context of inclusion, the issue of friendship needs to be increasingly addressed to improve the situation of students with SEN.
KW  - social participation
KW  - friendship
KW  - quality of friendship
KW  - homophily
KW  - sociometric nomination
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 36
IS  - 4
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schreiber, Alexander
A1  - Onea Gáspár, Edgar
T1  - Are narrow focus exhaustivity inferences Bayesian inferences?
JF  - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2  - In successful communication, the literal meaning of linguistic utterances is often enriched by pragmatic inferences. Part of the pragmatic reasoning underlying such inferences has been successfully modeled as Bayesian goal recognition in the Rational Speech Act (RSA) framework. In this paper, we try to model the interpretation of question-answer sequences with narrow focus in the answer in the RSA framework, thereby exploring the effects of domain size and prior probabilities on interpretation. Should narrow focus exhaustivity inferences be actually based on Bayesian inference involving prior probabilities of states, RSA models should predict a dependency of exhaustivity on these factors. We present experimental data that suggest that interlocutors do not act according to the predictions of the RSA model and that exhaustivity is in fact approximately constant across different domain sizes and priors. The results constitute a conceptual challenge for Bayesian accounts of the underlying pragmatic inferences.
KW  - pragmatics
KW  - Bayesian models
KW  - rational speech act models
KW  - implicatures
KW  - focus
KW  - exhaustivity
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.677223
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nevill, Alan M.
A1  - Negra, Yassine
A1  - Myers, Tony D.
A1  - Duncan, Michael J.
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Are Early or Late Maturers Likely to Be Fitter in the General Population?
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
N2  - The present study aims to identify the optimal body-size/shape and maturity characteristics associated with superior fitness test performances having controlled for body-size, sex, and chronological-age differences. The sample consisted of 597 Tunisian children (396 boys and 201 girls) aged 8 to 15 years. Three sprint speeds recorded at 10, 20 and 30 m; two vertical and two horizontal jump tests; a change-of-direction and a handgrip-strength tests, were assessed during physical-education classes. Allometric modelling was used to identify the benefit of being an early or late maturer. Findings showed that being tall and light is the ideal shape to be successful at most physical fitness tests, but the height-to-weight “shape” ratio seems to be test-dependent. Having controlled for body-size/shape, sex, and chronological age, the model identified maturity-offset as an additional predictor. Boys who go earlier/younger through peak-height-velocity (PHV) outperform those who go at a later/older age. However, most of the girls’ physical-fitness tests peaked at the age at PHV and decline thereafter. Girls whose age at PHV was near the middle of the age range would appear to have an advantage compared to early or late maturers. These findings have important implications for talent scouts and coaches wishing to recruit children into their sports/athletic clubs.
KW  - youth
KW  - fitness tests
KW  - allometry
KW  - body shape
KW  - biological age
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020497
SN  - 1660-4601
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rolph, Rebecca
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Ravens, Thomas
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Langer, Moritz
T1  - ArcticBeach v1.0
BT  - a physics-based parameterization of pan-Arctic coastline erosion
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - In the Arctic, air temperatures are increasing and sea ice is declining, resulting in larger waves and a longer open water season, all of which intensify the thaw and erosion of ice-rich coasts. Climate change has been shown to increase the rate of Arctic coastal erosion, causing problems for Arctic cultural heritage, existing industrial, military, and civil infrastructure, as well as changes in nearshore biogeochemistry. Numerical models that reproduce historical and project future Arctic erosion rates are necessary to understand how further climate change will affect these problems, and no such model yet exists to simulate the physics of erosion on a pan-Arctic scale. We have coupled a bathystrophic storm surge model to a simplified physical erosion model of a permafrost coastline. This Arctic erosion model, called ArcticBeach v1.0, is a first step toward a physical parameterization of Arctic shoreline erosion for larger-scale models. It is forced by wind speed and direction, wave period and height, sea surface temperature, all of which are masked during times of sea ice cover near the coastline. Model tuning requires observed historical retreat rates (at least one value), as well as rough nearshore bathymetry. These parameters are already available on a pan-Arctic scale. The model is validated at three study sites at 1) Drew Point (DP), Alaska, 2) Mamontovy Khayata (MK), Siberia, and 3) Veslebogen Cliffs, Svalbard. Simulated cumulative retreat rates for DP and MK respectively (169 and 170 m) over the time periods studied at each site (2007-2016, and 1995-2018) are found to the same order of magnitude as observed cumulative retreat (172 and 120 m). The rocky Veslebogen cliffs have small observed cumulative retreat rates (0.05 m over 2014-2016), and our model was also able to reproduce this same order of magnitude of retreat (0.08 m). Given the large differences in geomorphology between the study sites, this study provides a proof-of-concept that ArcticBeach v1.0 can be applied on very different permafrost coastlines. ArcticBeach v1.0 provides a promising starting point to project retreat of Arctic shorelines, or to evaluate historical retreat in places that have had few observations.
KW  - permafrost
KW  - erosion
KW  - modelling
KW  - arctic
KW  - climate change
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.962208
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Radosavljevic, Boris
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Knoblauch, Christian
A1  - Couture, Nicole
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Fritz, Michael
T1  - Arctic nearshore sediment dynamics - an example from Herschel Island - Qikiqtaruk, Canada
JF  - Journal of marine science and engineering
N2  - Increasing arctic coastal erosion rates imply a greater release of sediments and organic matter into the coastal zone. With 213 sediment samples taken around Herschel Island-Qikiqtaruk, Canadian Beaufort Sea, we aimed to gain new insights on sediment dynamics and geochemical properties of a shallow arctic nearshore zone. Spatial characteristics of nearshore sediment texture (moderately to poorly sorted silt) are dictated by hydrodynamic processes, but ice-related processes also play a role. We determined organic matter (OM) distribution and inferred the origin and quality of organic carbon by C/N ratios and stable carbon isotopes delta C-13. The carbon content was higher offshore and in sheltered areas (mean: 1.0 wt.%., S.D.: 0.9) and the C/N ratios also showed a similar spatial pattern (mean: 11.1, S.D.: 3.1), while the delta C-13 (mean: -26.4 parts per thousand VPDB, S.D.: 0.4) distribution was more complex. We compared the geochemical parameters of our study with terrestrial and marine samples from other studies using a bootstrap approach. Sediments of the current study contained 6.5 times and 1.8 times less total organic carbon than undisturbed and disturbed terrestrial sediments, respectively. Therefore, degradation of OM and separation of carbon pools take place on land and continue in the nearshore zone, where OM is leached, mineralized, or transported beyond the study area.
KW  - permafrost
KW  - Arctic Ocean
KW  - stable carbon isotopes
KW  - nitrogen
KW  - sediment
KW  - chemistry
KW  - sediment dynamics
KW  - Beaufort Sea
KW  - grain size
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111589
SN  - 2077-1312
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Casado, Mathieu
A1  - Landais, Amaelle
A1  - Picard, Ghislain
A1  - Münch, Thomas
A1  - Laepple, Thomas
A1  - Stenni, Barbara
A1  - Dreossi, Giuliano
A1  - Ekaykin, Alexey
A1  - Arnaud, Laurent
A1  - Genthon, Christophe
A1  - Touzeau, Alexandra
A1  - Masson-Delmotte, Valerie
A1  - Jouzel, Jean
T1  - Archival processes of the water stable isotope signal in East Antarctic ice cores
JF  - The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - The oldest ice core records are obtained from the East Antarctic Plateau. Water isotopes are key proxies to reconstructing past climatic conditions over the ice sheet and at the evaporation source. The accuracy of climate reconstructions depends on knowledge of all processes affecting water vapour, precipitation and snow isotopic compositions. Fractionation processes are well understood and can be integrated in trajectory-based Rayleigh distillation and isotope-enabled climate models. However, a quantitative understanding of processes potentially altering snow isotopic composition after deposition is still missing. In low-accumulation sites, such as those found in East Antarctica, these poorly constrained processes are likely to play a significant role and limit the interpretability of an ice core's isotopic composition.
By combining observations of isotopic composition in vapour, precipitation, surface snow and buried snow from Dome C, a deep ice core site on the East Antarctic Plateau, we found indications of a seasonal impact of metamorphism on the surface snow isotopic signal when compared to the initial precipitation. Particularly in summer, exchanges of water molecules between vapour and snow are driven by the diurnal sublimation-condensation cycles. Overall, we observe in between precipitation events modification of the surface snow isotopic composition. Using high-resolution water isotopic composition profiles from snow pits at five Antarctic sites with different accumulation rates, we identified common patterns which cannot be attributed to the seasonal variability of precipitation. These differences in the precipitation, surface snow and buried snow isotopic composition provide evidence of post-deposition processes affecting ice core records in low-accumulation areas.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1745-2018
SN  - 1994-0416
SN  - 1994-0424
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
SP  - 1745
EP  - 1766
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wochatz, Monique
A1  - Schraplau, Anne
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Zecher, Mahli Megan
A1  - Sharon, Hadar
A1  - Alt, Yasmin
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Kalron, Alon
T1  - Application of eccentric training in various clinical populations
BT  - Protocol for a multi-centered pilot and feasibility study in people with low back pain and people with multiple sclerosis
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Physical activity and exercise are effective approaches in prevention and therapy of multiple diseases. Although the specific characteristics of lengthening contractions have the potential to be beneficial in many clinical conditions, eccentric training is not commonly used in clinical populations with metabolic, orthopaedic, or neurologic conditions. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility, functional benefits, and systemic responses of an eccentric exercise program focused on the trunk and lower extremities in people with low back pain (LBP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A six-week eccentric training program with three weekly sessions is performed by people with LBP and MS. The program consists of ten exercises addressing strength of the trunk and lower extremities. The study follows a four-group design (N = 12 per group) in two study centers (Israel and Germany): three groups perform the eccentric training program: A) control group (healthy, asymptomatic); B) people with LBP; C) people with MS; group D (people with MS) receives standard care physiotherapy. Baseline measurements are conducted before first training, post-measurement takes place after the last session both comprise blood sampling, self-reported questionnaires, mobility, balance, and strength testing. The feasibility of the eccentric training program will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures related to the study process, compliance and adherence, safety, and overall program assessment. For preliminary assessment of potential intervention effects, surrogate parameters related to mobility, postural control, muscle strength and systemic effects are assessed. The presented study will add knowledge regarding safety, feasibility, and initial effects of eccentric training in people with orthopaedic and neurological conditions. The simple exercises, that are easily modifiable in complexity and intensity, are likely beneficial to other populations. Thus, multiple applications and implementation pathways for the herein presented training program are conceivable.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270875
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 17
IS  - 12
PB  - Public Library of Science
CY  - San Francisco, California, USA
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Leinweber, Juliane
T1  - App-Einsatz in der Logopädie/Sprachtherapie: Strategien und Kriterien
JF  - Spektrum Patholinguistik
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-510199
SN  - 978-3-86956-507-1
SN  - 1866-9085
SN  - 1866-9433
IS  - 14
SP  - 69
EP  - 76
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ortiz Sotelo, Jorge
T1  - Aportes de Humboldt
BT  - A la náutica y a la oceanografía peruana
N2  - La corta estadía de Alexander von Humboldt en el Perú dejó su huella más notoria en el estudio que realizara del sistema de corrientes marítimas que fluyen delante de la costa peruana, bautizada en su honor Corriente de Humboldt o la Corriente Peruana. Para ello llevó a cabo varias mediciones de la temperatura de mar durante su viaje de Trujillo a Lima, durante su permanencia en El Callao, y en el viaje que realizó entre dicho puerto y Guayaquil a bordo de la corbeta de la Real Armada Castor. Por otro lado, con la colaboración de algunos oficiales de la Real Armada estacionados en El Callao realizó observaciones astronómicas que le permitieron determinar con mayor precisión la longitud del puerto de El Callao. En este trabajo se abordan estos aspectos de la presencia de Humboldt en el Perú.
KW  - Ozeanologie
KW  - Perú
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41686
SN  - 1617-5239
SN  - 2568-3543
VL  - VIII
IS  - 15
SP  - 23
EP  - 31
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hülscher, Julian
A1  - Sobel, Edward
A1  - Kallnik, Niklas
A1  - Hoffmann, J. Elis
A1  - Millar, Ian L.
A1  - Hartmann, Kai
A1  - Bernhardt, Anne
T1  - Apatites record sedimentary provenance change 4-5 myrs before clay in the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine molasse
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - Extracting information about past tectonic or climatic environmental changes from sedimentary records is a key objective of provenance research. Interpreting the imprint of such changes remains challenging as signals might be altered in the sediment-routing system. 
We investigate the sedimentary provenance of the Oligocene/Miocene Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin and its response to the tectonically driven exhumation of the Tauern Window metamorphic dome (28 +/- 1 Ma) in the Eastern European Alps by using the unprecedented combination of Nd isotopic composition of bulk-rock clay-sized samples and partly previously published multi-proxy (Nd isotopic composition, trace-element geochemistry, U-Pb dating) sand-sized apatite single-grain analysis. 

The basin offers an excellent opportunity to investigate environmental signal propagation into the sedimentary record because comprehensive stratigraphic and seismic datasets can be combined with present research results. The bulk-rock clay-sized fraction epsilon Nd values of well-cutting samples from one well on the northern basin slope remained stable at similar to-9.7 from 27 to 19 Ma but increased after 19 Ma to similar to-9.1. In contrast, apatite single-grain distributions, which were extracted from 22 drill-core samples, changed significantly around 23.3 Ma from apatites dominantly from low-grade (<upper amphibolite-facies) metamorphic sources with Permo-Mesozoic and late Variscan U-Pb ages and epsilon Nd values of -4.4 to dominantly high-grade metamorphic apatites with late Variscan U-Pb ages and epsilon Nd values of -2.2. 

The change in apatite single-grain distributions at 23.3 Ma is interpreted to result from the exposure of a new Upper Austroalpine source nappe with less negative epsilon Nd values triggered by the ongoing Tauern Window exhumation. Combining these data with the clay-sized bulk-rock epsilon Nd values reveals that the provenance changed 4-5 Myrs later at 19 Ma in the clay-sized fraction. 
Reasons for the delayed provenance-change recording are rooted in the characteristics of the applied methods. 
Whereas single-grain distributions of orogen-wide sediment-routing systems can be dominated by geographically small areas with high erosion and mineral fertility rates, bulk-rock methods integrate over the entire drainage basin, thus diminishing extreme values. Hence, by combining these two methods, spatial information are uncovered, enabling a previously unattained understanding of the underlying environmental change.
KW  - apatite geochemistry and U-Pb dating
KW  - Nd isotopic composition
KW  - clay
KW  - provenance
KW  - Northern Alpine Foreland Basin
KW  - Eastern Alps
KW  - Tauern Window;
KW  - sediment routing system
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.914409
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hülsenberg, Dagmar
ED  - Ette, Ottmar
ED  - Knobloch, Eberhard
T1  - Anwendung naturwissenschaftlicher und kameralistischer Erkenntnisse auf die Verarbeitung von Rohstoffen durch den jungen Alexander von Humboldt
JF  - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies
N2  - Alexander von Humboldt gehört zu den ersten Fachleuten, die für die sichere Beherrschung technischer und ökonomischer Prozesse gleichzeitig naturwissenschaftliche und kameralistische Kenntnisse anwendeten und dabei weiterentwickelten. Durch die allseitige Betrachtung von Herstellungsvorgängen gelang es ihm, für seine Vorgesetzten gut durchdachte Vorschläge zur Gestaltung der Rohstoffverarbeitung zu formulieren. Nach einigen Fakten aus seinem kameralistischen und hüttenmännischen Studium wird das anhand von Beispielen belegt. Dazu gehören u. a. die Anlage von Gradierwerken, der Einsatz hochwertiger Rohstoffe in der Steingutfertigung, die Anwendung von Komplexrohstoffen zur Glasschmelze, die Auswahl effektiver Wasserräder, die Dimensionierung der Gaskanäle in Porzellanbrennöfen sowie der Einsatz von Flussmitteln für die Roheisenschmelze. Bei der Ausreichung eines königlichen Kredites für die Blaufarbenherstellung zeigte sich der Kameralist.
N2  - Alexander von Humboldt was one of the first experts to apply simultaneously scientific and fiscal (cameralistic) knowledge for mastering and developing technological and economic processes. Based on thorough observations of manufacturing processes he wrote reports to his supervisors which included well-founded suggestions for improving the processing of raw materials. This paper provides some facts about Humboldt’s studies in fiscal accounting and metallurgy, and discusses examples which show how he used his expertise for developing technological processes. These examples refer for instance to the installation of walls made of branches and twigs that allow salt water to evaporate, the use of high-quality raw materials for pottery, complex raw materials for glass melting, the choice of the most efficient water wheels, porcelain furnaces with optimal gas channels and the use of fluxing agents for the melt of pig-iron. Similarly, Humboldt revealed his economic acumen by advising on loans from the Crown for cobalt blue manufacturing.
N2  - Alexander von Humboldt fue uno de los primeros expertos en aplicar al mismo tiempo el conocimiento científico y fiscal (cameralismo) para dominar y desarrollar procesos tecnológicos y económicos. Sobre la base de observaciones exhaustivas de los procesos de fabricación, escribió informes a sus supervisores que incluían sugerencias bien fundamentadas para mejorar el procesamiento de las materias primas. Este artículo proporciona algunos datos sobre los estudios de Humboldt en contabilidad fiscal y metalurgia, y analiza ejemplos que muestran cómo utilizó su experiencia para desarrollar procesos tecnológicos. Estos ejemplos se refieren, por ejemplo, a la instalación de torres de graduación salina, el uso de materias primas de alta calidad en la producción cerámica, materias primas complejas para fundir vidrio, la elección de las ruedas hidráulicas más eficientes, el dimensionamiento de los conductos de gas en hornos de porcelana con canales de gas óptimos y el uso de agentes fundentes para la fundición de arrabio. Del mismo modo, Humboldt reveló su perspicacia económica al asesorar sobre préstamos de la Corona para la fabricación de azul cobalto.
KW  - Naturwissenschaft
KW  - Ökonomie
KW  - Rohstoffverarbeitung
KW  - Technologie
KW  - Komplexität
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589363
SN  - 1617-5239
SN  - 2568-3543
VL  - XXIII
IS  - 44
SP  - 33
EP  - 57
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Renault, Manon
ED  - Bièvre-Perrin, Fabien
ED  - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo
ED  - Rollinger, Christian
ED  - Walde, Christine
T1  - Antiquités et pop cultures dans la haute couture et le prêt-à-porter des années 2010
JF  - thersites 13: Antiquipop – Chefs d’œuvres revisités
N2  - From the fluid dresses woven from precious materials evoking the iconic statues of Antiquity to the revival of Spartan shoes, two emblematic fashion trends will help us study the place of Greek Antiquity in contemporary women’s fashion collections. Ordinary as well as extraordinary, what do these reminiscences tell? Can they permit to understand the boundaries that structure and govern the fashion’s worlds? Numerous and diverse, the differences and the similarities of the ways in which classical references are used allow us to study the relations of power in which the specificities of haute couture and ready-to-wear are defined. The values, the entry criteria, the operating hierarchies as well as the very acceptance of the word “fashion” are different from one environment to another. From the catwalks of big fashion houses on Avenue Montaigne such as Chanel to the youngest brands, the differentiated readings and uses of Antiquity raise the question of the symbolic value of classics in fashion.
KW  - fashion
KW  - antiquity
KW  - sociology
KW  - Fashion Studies
KW  - pop culture
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol13.149
VL  - 2021
IS  - 13
SP  - 125
EP  - 140
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oloya, Benson
A1  - Namukobe, Jane
A1  - Heydenreich, Matthias
A1  - Ssengooba, Willy
A1  - Schmidt, Bernd
A1  - Byamukama, Robert
T1  - Antimycobacterial activity of the extract and isolated compounds from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. and Perr.
JF  - Natural product communications : an international journal for communications and reviews
N2  - Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. and Perr. (Rutaceae) stem bark is used locally in Uganda for treating tuberculosis (TB) and cough-related infections. Lupeol (1), sesamin (2), trans-fagaramide (3), arnottianamide (4), (S)-marmesinin (5), and hesperidin (6) were isolated from the chloroform/methanol (1:1) extract of Z. leprieurii stem bark. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with literature data. Furthermore, the extract and isolated compounds were subjected to antimycobacterial activity. The extract exhibited moderate activity against the susceptible (H(37)Rv) TB strain, but weak activity against the multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB strain with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 586.0 and 1172.0 mu g/mL, respectively. Compound 3 (trans-fagaramide) showed significant antimycobacterial activity against the susceptible (H(37)Rv) TB strain (MIC 6 mu g/mL), but moderate activity against the MDR-TB strain (MIC 12.2 mu g/mL). Compounds 2, 5, 6, and 1 showed moderate activities against the susceptible (H(37)Rv) strain (MIC 12.2-98.0 mu g/mL) and moderate to weak activities against the MDR-TB strain (MIC 24.4-195.0 mu g/mL). This study reports for the first time the isolation of compounds 1 to 6 from the stem bark of Z leprieurii. trans-Fagaramide (3) may present a vital template in pursuit of novel and highly effective TB drugs.
KW  - tuberculosis
KW  - Zanthoxylum leprieurii
KW  - antimycobacterial activity
KW  - trans-fagaramide
KW  - alkaloid
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X211035851
SN  - 1934-578X
SN  - 1555-9475
VL  - 16
IS  - 8
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pranav, Manasi
A1  - Hultzsch, Thomas
A1  - Musiienko, Artem
A1  - Sun, Bowen
A1  - Shukla, Atul
A1  - Jaiser, Frank
A1  - Shoaee, Safa
A1  - Neher, Dieter
T1  - Anticorrelated photoluminescence and free charge generation proves field-assisted exciton dissociation in low-offset PM6:Y5 organic solar cells
JF  - APL materials : high impact open access journal in functional materials science
N2  - Understanding the origin of inefficient photocurrent generation in organic solar cells with low energy offset remains key to realizing high-performance donor-acceptor systems. Here, we probe the origin of field-dependent free-charge generation and photoluminescence in wnon-fullereneacceptor (NFA)-based organic solar cells using the polymer PM6 and the NFA Y5-a non-halogenated sibling to Y6, with a smaller energetic offset to PM6. By performing time-delayed collection field (TDCF) measurements on a variety of samples with different electron transport layers and active layer thickness, we show that the fill factor and photocurrent are limited by field-dependent free charge generation in the bulk of the blend. We also introduce a new method of TDCF called m-TDCF to prove the absence of artifacts from non-geminate recombination of photogenerated and dark charge carriers near the electrodes. We then correlate free charge generation with steady-state photoluminescence intensity and find perfect anticorrelation between these two properties. Through this, we conclude that photocurrent generation in this low-offset system is entirely controlled by the field-dependent dissociation of local excitons into charge-transfer states. (c) 2023 Author(s).
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0151580
SN  - 2166-532X
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
PB  - AIP Publishing
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herrmann, Matthias L.
A1  - Boden, Cindy
A1  - Maurer, Christoph
A1  - Kentischer, Felix
A1  - Mennig, Eva
A1  - Wagner, Sören
A1  - Conzelmann, Lars O.
A1  - Förstner, Bernd R.
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - von Arnim, Christine A. F.
A1  - Denkinger, Michael
A1  - Eschweiler, Gerhard W.
A1  - Thomas, Christine
T1  - Anticholinergic drug exposure increases the risk of delirium in older patients undergoing elective surgery
JF  - Frontiers in medicine
N2  - IntroductionPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious adverse event of surgery in older people. Because of its great impact on patients' safety and quality of life, identification of modifiable risk factors could be useful. Although preoperative medication intake is assumed to be an important modifiable risk factor, the impact of anticholinergic drugs on the occurrence of POD seems underestimated in elective surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative anticholinergic burden and POD. We hypothesized that a high preoperative anticholinergic burden is an independent, potentially modifiable predisposing and precipitating factor of POD in older people. MethodsBetween November 2017 and April 2019, 1,470 patients of 70 years and older undergoing elective orthopedic, general, cardiac, or vascular surgery were recruited in the randomized, prospective, multicenter PAWEL trial. Anticholinergic burden of a sub-cohort of 899 patients, who did not receive a multimodal intervention for preventing POD, was assessed by two different tools at hospital admission: The established Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS) and the recently developed Anticholinergic Burden Score (ABS). POD was detected by confusion assessment method (CAM) and a validated post discharge medical record review. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between anticholinergic burden and POD. ResultsPOD was observed in 210 of 899 patients (23.4%). Both ARS and ABS were independently associated with POD. The association persisted after adjustment for relevant confounding factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, preoperative cognitive and physical status, number of prescribed drugs, surgery time, type of surgery and anesthesia, usage of heart-lung-machine, and treatment in intensive care unit. If a patient was taking one of the 56 drugs listed in the ABS, risk for POD was 2.7-fold higher (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.55-4.94) and 1.5-fold higher per additional point on the ARS (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.15-2.02). ConclusionPreoperative anticholinergic drug exposure measured by ARS or ABS was independently associated with POD in older patients undergoing elective surgery. Therefore, identification, discontinuation or substitution of anticholinergic medication prior to surgery may be a promising approach to reduce the risk of POD in older patients.
KW  - delirium
KW  - acute encephalopathy
KW  - surgery
KW  - anticholinergic
KW  - geriatric
KW  - postoperative
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.871229
SN  - 2296-858X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoang, Hoa T.
A1  - Mertens, Monique
A1  - Wessig, Pablo
A1  - Sellrie, Frank
A1  - Schenk, Jörg A.
A1  - Kumke, Michael Uwe
T1  - Antibody Binding at the Liposome-Water Interface
BT  - a FRET Investigation toward a Liposome-Based Assay
JF  - ACS Omega
N2  - Different signal amplification strategies to improve the detection sensitivity of immunoassays have been applied which utilize enzymatic reactions, nanomaterials, or liposomes. The latter are very attractive materials for signal amplification because liposomes can be loaded with a large amount of signaling molecules, leading to a high sensitivity. In addition, liposomes can be used as a cell-like "bioscaffold" to directly test recognition schemes aiming at cell-related processes. This study demonstrates an easy and fast approach to link the novel hydrophobic optical probe based on [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]-[1,3]benzodioxole (DBD dye mm239) with tunable optical properties to hydrophilic recognition elements (e.g., antibodies) using liposomes for signal amplification and as carrier of the hydrophobic dye. The fluorescence properties of mm239 (e.g., long fluorescence lifetime, large Stokes shift, high photostability, and high quantum yield), its high hydrophobicity for efficient anchoring in liposomes, and a maleimide bioreactive group were applied in a unique combination to build a concept for the coupling of antibodies or other protein markers to liposomes (coupling to membranes can be envisaged). The concept further allowed us to avoid multiple dye labeling of the antibody. Here, anti-TAMRA-antibody (DC7-Ab) was attached to the liposomes. In proof-of-concept, steady-state as well as time-resolved fluorescence measurements (e.g., fluorescence depolarization) in combination with single molecule detection (fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, FCS) were used to analyze the binding interaction between DC7-Ab and liposomes as well as the binding of the antigen rhodamine 6G (R6G) to the antibody. Here, the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between mm239 and R6G was monitored. In addition to ensemble FRET data, single-molecule FRET (PIE-FRET) experiments using pulsed interleaved excitation were used to characterize in detail the binding on a single-molecule level to avoid averaging out effects.
KW  - energy-transfer
KW  - immunoassay
KW  - complexes
KW  - probes
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b03016
SN  - 2470-1343
VL  - 3
IS  - 12
SP  - 18109
EP  - 18116
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ziesemer, Florence
A1  - Hüttel, Alexandra
A1  - Balderjahn, Ingo
T1  - Anti-Consumption
JF  - Sustainability
N2  - Transcending the conventional debate around efficiency in sustainable consumption, anti-consumption patterns leading to decreased levels of material consumption have been gaining importance. Change agents are crucial for the promotion of such patterns, so there may be lessons for governance interventions that can be learnt from the every-day experiences of those who actively implement and promote sustainability in the field of anti-consumption. Eighteen social innovation pioneers, who engage in and diffuse practices of voluntary simplicity and collaborative consumption as sustainable options of anti-consumption share their knowledge and personal insights in expert interviews for this research. Our qualitative content analysis reveals drivers, barriers, and governance strategies to strengthen anti-consumption patterns, which are negotiated between the market, the state, and civil society. Recommendations derived from the interviews concern entrepreneurship, municipal infrastructures in support of local grassroots projects, regulative policy measures, more positive communication to strengthen the visibility of initiatives and emphasize individual benefits, establishing a sense of community, anti-consumer activism, and education. We argue for complementary action between top-down strategies, bottom-up initiatives, corporate activities, and consumer behavior. The results are valuable to researchers, activists, marketers, and policymakers who seek to enhance their understanding of materially reduced consumption patterns based on the real-life experiences of active pioneers in the field.
KW  - social innovation
KW  - sufficiency
KW  - collaborative consumption
KW  - expert interview
KW  - consumer behavior
KW  - sustainability
KW  - innovation policy
KW  - governance for sustainable development
KW  - consumer education
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236663
SN  - 2071-1050
VL  - 11
IS  - 23
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Petersen, Jens
T1  - Anthropozentrik und Ökozentrik im Umweltrecht
JF  - Studien zur juristischen Ideengeschichte
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-604303
SN  - 978-3-86956-543-9
SP  - 149
EP  - 160
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Crane, Kylie Ann
T1  - Anthropocene Presences and the Limits of Deferral
BT  - Alexis Wright's Carpentaria and The Swan Book
JF  - Open library of humanities
N2  - Literary criticism, particularly ecocriticism, occupies an uneasy position with regard to activism: reading books (or plays, or poems) seems like a rather leisurely activity to be undertaking if our environment—our planet—is in crisis. And yet, critiquing the narratives that structure worlds and discourses is key to the activities of the (literary) critic in this time of crisis. If this crisis manifests as a ‘crisis of imagination’ (e.g. Ghosh), I argue that this not so much a crisis of the absence of texts that address the environmental disaster, but rather a failure to comprehend the presences of the Anthropocene in the present. To interpret (literary) texts in this framework must entail acknowledging and scrutinising the extent of the incapacity of the privileged reader to comprehend the crisis as presence and present rather than spatially or temporally remote. The readings of the novels Carpentaria (2006) and The Swan Book (2013) by Waanyi writer Alexis Wright (Australia) trace the uneven presences of Anthropocenes in the present by way of bringing future worlds (The Swan Book) to the contemporary (Carpentaria). In both novels, protagonists must forge survival amongst ruins of the present and future: the depicted worlds, in particular the representations of the disenfranchisement of indigenous inhabitants of the far north of the Australian continent, emerge as a critique of the intersections of capitalist and colonial projects that define modernity and its impact on the global climate.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.16995/olh.348
SN  - 2056-6700
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
PB  - Open library of humanities
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Agthe, Maria
A1  - Kayser, Daniela Niesta
A1  - Schwarz, Sascha
A1  - Maner, Jon K.
T1  - Antecedents of the red-romance effect
BT  - men's attractiveness and women's fertility
JF  - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science
N2  - The color red has been implicated in a variety of social processes, including those involving mating. While previous research suggests that women sometimes wear red strategically to increase their attractiveness, the replicability of this literature has been questioned. The current research is a reasonably powered conceptual replication designed to strengthen this literature by testing whether women are more inclined to display the color red 1) during fertile (as compared with less fertile) days of the menstrual cycle, and 2) when expecting to interact with an attractive man (as compared with a less attractive man and with a control condition). Analyses controlled for a number of theoretically relevant covariates (relationship status, age, the current weather). Only the latter hypothesis received mixed support (mainly among women on hormonal birth control), whereas results concerning the former hypothesis did not reach significance. Women (N = 281) displayed more red when expecting to interact with an attractive man; findings did not support the prediction that women would increase their display of red on fertile days of the cycle. Findings thus suggested only mixed replicability for the link between the color red and psychological processes involving romantic attraction. They also illustrate the importance of further investigating the boundary conditions of color effects on everyday social processes.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284035
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reese, Ronja
A1  - Albrecht, Torsten
A1  - Mengel, Matthias
A1  - Asay-Davis, Xylar
A1  - Winkelmann, Ricarda
T1  - Antarctic sub-shelf melt rates via PICO
JF  - The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - Ocean-induced melting below ice shelves is one of the dominant drivers for mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet at present. An appropriate representation of sub-shelf melt rates is therefore essential for model simulations of marine-based ice sheet evolution. Continental-scale ice sheet models often rely on simple melt-parameterizations, in particular for long-term simulations, when fully coupled ice-ocean interaction becomes computationally too expensive. Such parameterizations can account for the influence of the local depth of the ice-shelf draft or its slope on melting. However, they do not capture the effect of ocean circulation underneath the ice shelf. Here we present the Potsdam Ice-shelf Cavity mOdel (PICO), which simulates the vertical overturning circulation in ice-shelf cavities and thus enables the computation of sub-shelf melt rates consistent with this circulation. PICO is based on an ocean box model that coarsely resolves ice shelf cavities and uses a boundary layer melt formulation. We implement it as a module of the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) and evaluate its performance under present-day conditions of the Southern Ocean. We identify a set of parameters that yield two-dimensional melt rate fields that qualitatively reproduce the typical pattern of comparably high melting near the grounding line and lower melting or refreezing towards the calving front. PICO captures the wide range of melt rates observed for Antarctic ice shelves, with an average of about 0.1 ma(-1) for cold sub-shelf cavities, for example, underneath Ross or Ronne ice shelves, to 16 ma(-1) for warm cavities such as in the Amundsen Sea region. This makes PICO a computationally feasible and more physical alternative to melt parameterizations purely based on ice draft geometry.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1969-2018
SN  - 1994-0416
SN  - 1994-0424
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
SP  - 1969
EP  - 1985
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ilicic, Doris
A1  - Woodhouse, Jason Nicholas
A1  - Karsten, Ulf
A1  - Zimmermann, Jonas
A1  - Wichard, Thomas
A1  - Quartino, Maria Liliana
A1  - Campana, Gabriela Laura
A1  - Livenets, Alexandra
A1  - Van den Wyngaert, Silke
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1  - Antarctic Glacial Meltwater Impacts the Diversity of Fungal Parasites Associated With Benthic Diatoms in Shallow Coastal Zones
JF  - Frontiers in microbiology
N2  - Aquatic ecosystems are frequently overlooked as fungal habitats, although there is increasing evidence that their diversity and ecological importance are greater than previously considered. Aquatic fungi are critical and abundant components of nutrient cycling and food web dynamics, e.g., exerting top-down control on phytoplankton communities and forming symbioses with many marine microorganisms. However, their relevance for microphytobenthic communities is almost unexplored. In the light of global warming, polar regions face extreme changes in abiotic factors with a severe impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, this study aimed to describe, for the first time, fungal diversity in Antarctic benthic habitats along the salinity gradient and to determine the co-occurrence of fungal parasites with their algal hosts, which were dominated by benthic diatoms. Our results reveal that Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota are the most abundant fungal taxa in these habitats. We show that also in Antarctic waters, salinity has a major impact on shaping not just fungal but rather the whole eukaryotic community composition, with a diversity of aquatic fungi increasing as salinity decreases. Moreover, we determined correlations between putative fungal parasites and potential benthic diatom hosts, highlighting the need for further systematic analysis of fungal diversity along with studies on taxonomy and ecological roles of Chytridiomycota.
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - aquatic fungi
KW  - Chytridiomycota
KW  - phytoplankton host
KW  - salinity gradient
KW  - Illumina amplicon sequencing
KW  - Carlini Station
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.805694
SN  - 1664-302X
IS  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bittmann, Frank
A1  - Dech, Silas
A1  - Schaefer, Laura
T1  - Another way to confuse motor control
BT  - manual technique supposed to shorten muscle spindles reduces the muscular holding stability in the sense of adaptive force in male soccer players
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - Sensorimotor control can be impaired by slacked muscle spindles. This was shown for reflex responses and, recently, also for muscular stability in the sense of Adaptive Force (AF). The slack in muscle spindles was generated by contracting the lengthened muscle followed by passive shortening. AF was suggested to specifically reflect sensorimotor control since it requires tension-length control in adaptation to an increasing load. This study investigated AF parameters in reaction to another, manually performed slack procedure in a preselected sample (n = 13). The AF of 11 elbow and 12 hip flexors was assessed by an objectified manual muscle test (MMT) using a handheld device. Maximal isometric AF was significantly reduced after manual spindle technique vs. regular MMT. Muscle lengthening started at 64.93 & PLUSMN; 12.46% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). During regular MMT, muscle length could be maintained stable until 92.53 & PLUSMN; 10.12% of MVIC. Hence, muscular stability measured by AF was impaired after spindle manipulation. Force oscillations arose at a significantly lower level for regular vs. spindle. This supports the assumption that they are a prerequisite for stable adaptation. Reduced muscular stability in reaction to slack procedures is considered physiological since sensory information is misled. It is proposed to use slack procedures to test the functionality of the neuromuscular system, which is relevant for clinical practice.
KW  - maximal isometric Adaptive Force
KW  - holding capacity
KW  - muscle stability
KW  - muscle instability
KW  - neuromuscular functioning
KW  - neuromuscular control
KW  - motor control
KW  - muscle spindle
KW  - muscle physiology
KW  - regulatory physiology
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071105
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dieterich, Peter
A1  - Lindemann, Otto
A1  - Moskopp, Mats Leif
A1  - Tauzin, Sebastien
A1  - Huttenlocher, Anna
A1  - Klages, Rainer
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei V.
A1  - Schwab, Albrecht
T1  - Anomalous diffusion and asymmetric tempering memory in neutrophil chemotaxis
JF  - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal
N2  - Neutrophil granulocytes are essential for the first host defense. After leaving the blood circulation they migrate efficiently towards sites of inflammation. They are guided by chemoattractants released from cells within the inflammatory foci. On a cellular level, directional migration is a consequence of cellular front-rear asymmetry which is induced by the concentration gradient of the chemoattractants. The generation and maintenance of this asymmetry, however, is not yet fully understood. Here we analyzed the paths of chemotacting neutrophils with different stochastic models to gain further insight into the underlying mechanisms. Wildtype chemotacting neutrophils show an anomalous superdiffusive behavior. CXCR2 blockade and TRPC6-knockout cause the tempering of temporal correlations and a reduction of chemotaxis. Importantly, such tempering is found both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that the maintenance of anomalous dynamics is crucial for chemotactic behavior and the search efficiency of neutrophils. 
The motility of neutrophils and their ability to sense and to react to chemoattractants in their environment are of central importance for the innate immunity. Neutrophils are guided towards sites of inflammation following the activation of G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptors such as CXCR2 whose signaling strongly depends on the activity of Ca2+ permeable TRPC6 channels. It is the aim of this study to analyze data sets obtained in vitro (murine neutrophils) and in vivo (zebrafish neutrophils) with a stochastic mathematical model to gain deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms. The model is based on the analysis of trajectories of individual neutrophils. Bayesian data analysis, including the covariances of positions for fractional Brownian motion as well as for exponentially and power-law tempered model variants, allows the estimation of parameters and model selection. Our model-based analysis reveals that wildtype neutrophils show pure superdiffusive fractional Brownian motion. This so-called anomalous dynamics is characterized by temporal long-range correlations for the movement into the direction of the chemotactic CXCL1 gradient. Pure superdiffusion is absent vertically to this gradient. This points to an asymmetric 'memory' of the migratory machinery, which is found both in vitro and in vivo. CXCR2 blockade and TRPC6-knockout cause tempering of temporal correlations in the chemotactic gradient. This can be interpreted as a progressive loss of memory, which leads to a marked reduction of chemotaxis and search efficiency of neutrophils. In summary, our findings indicate that spatially differential regulation of anomalous dynamics appears to play a central role in guiding efficient chemotactic behavior.
KW  - neutrophils
KW  - chemotaxis
KW  - autocorrelation
KW  - zebrafish
KW  - cell migration
KW  - covariance
KW  - brownian motion
KW  - stochastic processes
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010089
SN  - 1553-734X
SN  - 1553-7358
VL  - 18
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Radtke, Wolfgang
ED  - Wienfort, Monika
T1  - Annäherungen an Christian von Rother
BT  - Chef der Königlichen Seehandlung von 1820 bis 1848
JF  - Die Preußische Seehandlung zwischen Markt, Staat und Kultur : 40 Jahre Stiftung Preußische Seehandlung
N2  - Christian (von) Rother, Chef der Preußischen Seehandlung 1820–1848, ist vermutlich die prägendste Gestalt der Institution im 19. Jahrhundert. Seine Lebensgeschichte als Sohn eines schlesischen Bauern zeugt von sozialem Aufstieg und einer eindrucksvollen Beamtenkarriere. Rother formte die Seehandlung zu einem Konglomerat von gewerblichen Unternehmen, die durch Bankengeschäfte, Chausseebauprogramme und das Engagement des Staates in der Wirtschaftsförderung leistungsstark gemacht werden sollten. Der Erfolg blieb allerdings unterschiedlich. In den 1840er Jahren stießen diese Bemühungen darüber hinaus auf Kritik von unternehmerischen Konkurrenten. Bleibende Bedeutung behauptete eine von Rother gegründete soziale Einrichtung, die in Berlin ansässige Rother-Stiftung für arme und unverheiratete Töchter von Beamten und Offizieren.
N2  - Christian (von) Rother, head of the Preußische Seehandlung 1820–1848, is probably the most influential figure of the institute in the 19th century. His life story as the son of a Silesian farmer bears witness to social advancement and an impressive civil service career. Rother shaped the Seehandlung into a conglomerate of commercial enterprises, which were to be made powerful through banking transactions, road construction programs and the state's involvement in economic development. It met with only partial success. In the 1840s, moreover, these efforts met with criticism from entrepreneurial competitors. A social institution founded by Rother, the Berlin-based “Rother-Stiftung” for poor and unmarried daughters of civil servants and officers, claimed lasting significance.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-599878
SN  - 978-3-86956-562-0
SP  - 53
EP  - 80
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartmann, Stefanie
A1  - Preick, Michaela
A1  - Abelt, Silke
A1  - Scheffel, André
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
T1  - Annotated genome sequences of the carnivorous plant Roridula gorgonias and a non-carnivorous relative, Clethra arborea
JF  - BMC Research Notes
N2  - Objective
Plant carnivory is distributed across the tree of life and has evolved at least six times independently, but sequenced and annotated nuclear genomes of carnivorous plants are currently lacking. We have sequenced and structurally annotated the nuclear genome of the carnivorous Roridula gorgonias and that of a non-carnivorous relative, Madeira’s lily-of-the-valley-tree, Clethra arborea, both within the Ericales. This data adds an important resource to study the evolutionary genetics of plant carnivory across angiosperm lineages and also for functional and systematic aspects of plants within the Ericales.

Results
Our assemblies have total lengths of 284 Mbp (R. gorgonias) and 511 Mbp (C. arborea) and show high BUSCO scores of 84.2% and 89.5%, respectively. We used their predicted genes together with publicly available data from other Ericales’ genomes and transcriptomes to assemble a phylogenomic data set for the inference of a species tree. However, groups of orthologs showed a marked absence of species represented by a transcriptome. We discuss possible reasons and caution against combining predicted genes from genome- and transriptome-based assemblies.
KW  - Carnivorous plant
KW  - Roridula gorgonias
KW  - Clethra arborea
KW  - Genome assembly
KW  - Transcriptome assembly
KW  - Phylogenomics
KW  - Orthologous Matrix (OMA) Project
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-020-05254-4
SN  - 1756-0500
VL  - 13
PB  - Biomed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Paijmans, Johanna L. A.
A1  - Barlow, Axel
A1  - Henneberger, Kirstin
A1  - Fickel, Jörns
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Foerste, Daniel W. G.
T1  - Ancestral mitogenome capture of the Southeast Asian banded linsang
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Utilising a reconstructed ancestral mitochondrial genome of a clade to design hybridisation capture baits can provide the opportunity for recovering mitochondrial sequences from all its descendent and even sister lineages. This approach is useful for taxa with no extant close relatives, as is often the case for rare or extinct species, and is a viable approach for the analysis of historical museum specimens. Asiatic linsangs (genus Prionodon) exemplify this situation, being rare Southeast Asian carnivores for which little molecular data is available. Using ancestral capture we recover partial mitochondrial genome sequences for seven banded linsangs (P. linsang) from historical specimens, representing the first intraspecific genetic dataset for this species. We additionally assemble a high quality mitogenome for the banded linsang using shotgun sequencing for time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis. This reveals a deep divergence between the two Asiatic linsang species (P. linsang, P. pardicolor), with an estimated divergence of ~12 million years (Ma). Although our sample size precludes any robust interpretation of the population structure of the banded linsang, we recover two distinct matrilines with an estimated tMRCA of ~1 Ma. Our results can be used as a basis for further investigation of the Asiatic linsangs, and further demonstrate the utility of ancestral capture for studying divergent taxa without close relatives.
KW  - Shotgun sequencing
KW  - Mitochondria
KW  - Phylogenetics
KW  - Phylogenetic analysis
KW  - Paleogenetics
KW  - Sequence alignment
KW  - Genomics
KW  - Museum collections
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234385
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Munyaev, Vyacheslav O.
A1  - Smirnov, Lev A.
A1  - Kostin, Vasily A.
A1  - Osipov, Grigory V.
A1  - Pikovskij, Arkadij
T1  - Analytical approach to synchronous states of globally coupled noisy rotators
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics
N2  - We study populations of globally coupled noisy rotators (oscillators with inertia) allowing a nonequilibrium transition from a desynchronized state to a synchronous one (with the nonvanishing order parameter). The newly developed analytical approaches resulted in solutions describing the synchronous state with constant order parameter for weakly inertial rotators, including the case of zero inertia, when the model is reduced to the Kuramoto model of coupled noise oscillators. These approaches provide also analytical criteria distinguishing supercritical and subcritical transitions to the desynchronized state and indicate the universality of such transitions in rotator ensembles. All the obtained analytical results are confirmed by the numerical ones, both by direct simulations of the large ensembles and by solution of the associated Fokker-Planck equation. We also propose generalizations of the developed approaches for setups where different rotators parameters (natural frequencies, masses, noise intensities, strengths and phase shifts in coupling) are dispersed.
KW  - coupled rotators
KW  - synchronization transition
KW  - hysteresis
KW  - Kuramoto
KW  - model
KW  - noisy systems
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab6f93
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Munyaev, Vyacheslav
A1  - Smirnov, Lev A.
A1  - Kostin, Vasily
A1  - Osipov, Grigory V.
A1  - Pikovskij, Arkadij
T1  - Analytical approach to synchronous states of globally coupled noisy rotators
JF  - New Journal of Physics
N2  - We study populations of globally coupled noisy rotators (oscillators with inertia) allowing a nonequilibrium transition from a desynchronized state to a synchronous one (with the nonvanishing order parameter). The newly developed analytical approaches resulted in solutions describing the synchronous state with constant order parameter for weakly inertial rotators, including the case of zero inertia, when the model is reduced to the Kuramoto model of coupled noise oscillators. These approaches provide also analytical criteria distinguishing supercritical and subcritical transitions to the desynchronized state and indicate the universality of such transitions in rotator ensembles. All the obtained analytical results are confirmed by the numerical ones, both by direct simulations of the large ensembles and by solution of the associated Fokker-Planck equation. We also propose generalizations of the developed approaches for setups where different rotators parameters (natural frequencies, masses, noise intensities, strengths and phase shifts in coupling) are dispersed.
KW  - coupled rotators
KW  - synchronization transition
KW  - hysteresis
KW  - Kuramoto model
KW  - noisy systems
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
PB  - Springer Science
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mattern, Maximilian
A1  - Pudell, Jan-Etienne
A1  - Laskin, Gennadii
A1  - Reppert, Alexander von
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Analysis of the temperature- and fluence-dependent magnetic stress in laser-excited SrRuO3
JF  - Structural dynamics
N2  - We use ultrafast x-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of expansive phononic and contractive magnetic stress driving the picosecond strain response of a metallic perovskite SrRuO3 thin film upon femtosecond laser excitation. We exemplify how the anisotropic bulk equilibrium thermal expansion can be used to predict the response of the thin film to ultrafast deposition of energy. It is key to consider that the laterally homogeneous laser excitation changes the strain response compared to the near-equilibrium thermal expansion because the balanced in-plane stresses suppress the Poisson stress on the picosecond timescale. We find a very large negative Grüneisen constant describing the large contractive stress imposed by a small amount of energy in the spin system. The temperature and fluence dependence of the strain response for a double-pulse excitation scheme demonstrates the saturation of the magnetic stress in the high-fluence regime.
KW  - Thin films
KW  - Thermodynamic properties
KW  - Bragg peak
KW  - Ultrafast X-ray diffraction
KW  - Thermal effects
KW  - Phonons
KW  - Magnetism
KW  - Lattice dynamics
KW  - Lasers
KW  - Perovskites
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000072
SN  - 2329-7778
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
PB  - AIP Publishing LLC
CY  - Melville, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koç, Gamze
A1  - Petrow, Theresia
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - Analysis of the Most Severe Flood Events in Turkey (1960–2014)
BT  - Which Triggering Mechanisms and Aggravating Pathways Can be Identified?
JF  - Water
N2  - The most severe flood events in Turkey were determined for the period 1960–2014 by considering the number of fatalities, the number of affected people, and the total economic losses as indicators. The potential triggering mechanisms (i.e., atmospheric circulations and precipitation amounts) and aggravating pathways (i.e., topographic features, catchment size, land use types, and soil properties) of these 25 events were analyzed. On this basis, a new approach was developed to identify the main influencing factor per event and to provide additional information for determining the dominant flood occurrence pathways for severe floods. The events were then classified through hierarchical cluster analysis. As a result, six different clusters were found and characterized. Cluster 1 comprised flood events that were mainly influenced by drainage characteristics (e.g., catchment size and shape); Cluster 2 comprised events aggravated predominantly by urbanization; steep topography was identified to be the dominant factor for Cluster 3; extreme rainfall was determined as the main triggering factor for Cluster 4; saturated soil conditions were found to be the dominant factor for Cluster 5; and orographic effects of mountain ranges characterized Cluster 6. This study determined pathway patterns of the severe floods in Turkey with regard to their main causal or aggravating mechanisms. Accordingly, geomorphological properties are of major importance in large catchments in eastern and northeastern Anatolia. In addition, in small catchments, the share of urbanized area seems to be an important factor for the extent of flood impacts. This paper presents an outcome that could be used for future urban planning and flood risk prevention studies to understand the flood mechanisms in different regions of Turkey.
KW  - hierarchical clustering
KW  - Hess-Brezowsky Großwetterlagen classification
KW  - ERA5
KW  - flood hazards
KW  - pathway
KW  - Turkey
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061562
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koc, Gamze
A1  - Petrow, Theresia
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - Analysis of the most severe flood events in Turkey (1960-2014)
BT  - which triggering mechanisms and aggravating pathways can be identified?
JF  - Water / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2  - The most severe flood events in Turkey were determined for the period 1960-2014 by considering the number of fatalities, the number of affected people, and the total economic losses as indicators. The potential triggering mechanisms (i.e., atmospheric circulations and precipitation amounts) and aggravating pathways (i.e., topographic features, catchment size, land use types, and soil properties) of these 25 events were analyzed. On this basis, a new approach was developed to identify the main influencing factor per event and to provide additional information for determining the dominant flood occurrence pathways for severe floods. The events were then classified through hierarchical cluster analysis. As a result, six different clusters were found and characterized. Cluster 1 comprised flood events that were mainly influenced by drainage characteristics (e.g., catchment size and shape); Cluster 2 comprised events aggravated predominantly by urbanization; steep topography was identified to be the dominant factor for Cluster 3; extreme rainfall was determined as the main triggering factor for Cluster 4; saturated soil conditions were found to be the dominant factor for Cluster 5; and orographic effects of mountain ranges characterized Cluster 6. This study determined pathway patterns of the severe floods in Turkey with regard to their main causal or aggravating mechanisms. Accordingly, geomorphological properties are of major importance in large catchments in eastern and northeastern Anatolia. In addition, in small catchments, the share of urbanized area seems to be an important factor for the extent of flood impacts. This paper presents an outcome that could be used for future urban planning and flood risk prevention studies to understand the flood mechanisms in different regions of Turkey.
KW  - hierarchical clustering
KW  - Hess-Brezowsky Grosswetterlagen classification
KW  - ERA5
KW  - flood hazards
KW  - pathway
KW  - Turkey
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061562
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schindler, Daniel
A1  - Moldenhawer, Ted
A1  - Stange, Maike
A1  - Lepro, Valentino
A1  - Beta, Carsten
A1  - Holschneider, Matthias
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
T1  - Analysis of protrusion dynamics in amoeboid cell motility by means of regularized contour flows
JF  - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal
N2  - Amoeboid cell motility is essential for a wide range of biological processes including wound healing, embryonic morphogenesis, and cancer metastasis. It relies on complex dynamical patterns of cell shape changes that pose long-standing challenges to mathematical modeling and raise a need for automated and reproducible approaches to extract quantitative morphological features from image sequences. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework and a computational method for obtaining smooth representations of the spatiotemporal contour dynamics from stacks of segmented microscopy images. Based on a Gaussian process regression we propose a one-parameter family of regularized contour flows that allows us to continuously track reference points (virtual markers) between successive cell contours. We use this approach to define a coordinate system on the moving cell boundary and to represent different local geometric quantities in this frame of reference. In particular, we introduce the local marker dispersion as a measure to identify localized membrane expansions and provide a fully automated way to extract the properties of such expansions, including their area and growth time. The methods are available as an open-source software package called AmoePy, a Python-based toolbox for analyzing amoeboid cell motility (based on time-lapse microscopy data), including a graphical user interface and detailed documentation. Due to the mathematical rigor of our framework, we envision it to be of use for the development of novel cell motility models. We mainly use experimental data of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum to illustrate and validate our approach. <br /> Author summary Amoeboid motion is a crawling-like cell migration that plays an important key role in multiple biological processes such as wound healing and cancer metastasis. This type of cell motility results from expanding and simultaneously contracting parts of the cell membrane. From fluorescence images, we obtain a sequence of points, representing the cell membrane, for each time step. By using regression analysis on these sequences, we derive smooth representations, so-called contours, of the membrane. Since the number of measurements is discrete and often limited, the question is raised of how to link consecutive contours with each other. In this work, we present a novel mathematical framework in which these links are described by regularized flows allowing a certain degree of concentration or stretching of neighboring reference points on the same contour. This stretching rate, the so-called local dispersion, is used to identify expansions and contractions of the cell membrane providing a fully automated way of extracting properties of these cell shape changes. We applied our methods to time-lapse microscopy data of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009268
SN  - 1553-734X
SN  - 1553-7358
VL  - 17
IS  - 8
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arkes, Hal R.
A1  - Aberegg, Scott K.
A1  - Arpin, Kevin A.
T1  - Analysis of physicians' probability estimates of a medical outcome based on a sequence of events
JF  - JAMA network open / American Medical Association
N2  - IMPORTANCE
The probability of a conjunction of 2 independent events is the product of the probabilities of the 2 components and therefore cannot exceed the probability of either component; violation of this basic law is called the conjunction fallacy. A common medical decision-making scenario involves estimating the probability of a final outcome resulting from a sequence of independent events; however, little is known about physicians' ability to accurately estimate the overall probability of success in these situations.

OBJECTIVE
To ascertain whether physicians are able to correctly estimate the overall probability of a medical outcome resulting from 2 independent events. 

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This survey study consisted of 3 separate substudies, in which 215 physicians were asked via internet-based survey to estimate the probability of success of each of 2 components of a diagnostic or prognostic sequence as well as the overall probability of success of the 2-step sequence. Substudy 1 was performed from April 2 to 4, 2021, substudy 2 from November 2 toll, 2021, and substudy 3 from May 13 to 19, 2021. All physicians were board certified or board eligible in the primary specialty germane to the substudy (ie, obstetrics and gynecology for substudies land 3 and pulmonology for substudy 2), were recruited from a commercial survey service, and volunteered to participate in the study. 

EXPOSURES
Case scenarios presented in an online survey.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Respondents were asked to provide their demographic information in addition to 3 probability estimates. The first substudy included a scenario describing a brow presentation discovered during labor; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the brow presentation would resolve and that the delivery would be vaginal. The second substudy involved a diagnostic evaluation of an incidentally discovered pulmonary nodule; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the patient had a malignant condition and that a technically successful transthoracic needle biopsy would reveal a malignant condition. The third substudy included a modification of the first substudy in an attempt to debias the conjunction fallacy prevalent in the first substudy. Respondents' own probability estimates of the individual events were used to calculate the mathematically correct conjunctive probability.

RESULTS
Among 215 respondents, the mean (SD) age was 54.0 (9.5) years; 142 respondents (66.0%) were male. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. A total of 168 physicians (78.1%) estimated the probability of the 2-step sequence to be greater than the probability of at least 1 of the 2 component events. Compared with the product of their 2 estimated components, respondents overestimated the combined probability by 12.8% (95% CI, 9.6%-16.1%; P < .001) in substudy 1, 19.8% (95% Cl, 16.6%-23.0%; P < .001) in substudy 2, and 18.0% (95% CI, 13.4%-22.5%; P < .001) in substudy 3, results that were mathematically incoherent (ie, formally illogical and mathematically incorrect). 

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
 In this survey study of 215 physicians, respondents consistently overestimated the combined probability of 2 events compared with the probability calculated from their own estimates of the individual events. This biased estimation, consistent with the conjunction fallacy, may have substantial implications for diagnostic and prognostic decision-making.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18804
SN  - 2574-3805
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
PB  - American Veterinary Medical Association
CY  - Chicago
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schenke, Maren
A1  - Schjeide, Brit-Maren
A1  - Püschel, Gerhard Paul
A1  - Seeger, Bettina
T1  - Analysis of motor neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells for the use in cell-based Botulinum neurotoxin activity assays
JF  - Toxins
N2  - Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are potent neurotoxins produced by bacteria, which inhibit neurotransmitter release, specifically in their physiological target known as motor neurons (MNs). For the potency assessment of BoNTs produced for treatment in traditional and aesthetic medicine, the mouse lethality assay is still used by the majority of manufacturers, which is ethically questionable in terms of the 3Rs principle. In this study, MNs were differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells based on three published protocols. The resulting cell populations were analyzed for their MN yield and their suitability for the potency assessment of BoNTs. MNs produce specific gangliosides and synaptic proteins, which are bound by BoNTs in order to be taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is followed by cleavage of specific soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins required for neurotransmitter release. The presence of receptors and substrates for all BoNT serotypes was demonstrated in MNs generated in vitro. In particular, the MN differentiation protocol based on Du et al. yielded high numbers of MNs in a short amount of time with high expression of BoNT receptors and targets. The resulting cells are more sensitive to BoNT/A1 than the commonly used neuroblastoma cell line SiMa. MNs are, therefore, an ideal tool for being combined with already established detection methods.
KW  - Botulinum neurotoxin
KW  - motor neurons
KW  - cell-based in vitro assay
KW  - potency
KW  - assessment
KW  - induced pluripotent stem cells
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050276
SN  - 2072-6651
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Milewski, Robert
A1  - Chabrillat, Sabine
A1  - Behling, Robert
T1  - Analyses of Recent Sediment Surface Dynamic of a Namibian Kalahari Salt Pan Based on Multitemporal Landsat and Hyperspectral Hyperion Data
JF  - Remote Sensing
N2  - This study combines spaceborne multitemporal and hyperspectral data to analyze the spatial distribution of surface evaporite minerals and changes in a semi-arid depositional environment associated with episodic flooding events, the Omongwa salt pan (Kalahari, Namibia). The dynamic of the surface crust is evaluated by a change-detection approach using the Iterative-reweighted Multivariate Alteration Detection (IR-MAD) based on the Landsat archive imagery from 1984 to 2015. The results show that the salt pan is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous landform. A change gradient is observed from very stable pan border to a highly dynamic central pan. On the basis of hyperspectral EO-1 Hyperion images, the current distribution of surface evaporite minerals is characterized using Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA). Assessment of field and image endmembers revealed that the pan surface can be categorized into three major crust types based on diagnostic absorption features and mineralogical ground truth data. The mineralogical crust types are related to different zones of surface change as well as pan morphology that influences brine flow during the pan inundation and desiccation cycles. These combined information are used to spatially map depositional environments where the more dynamic halite crust concentrates in lower areas although stable gypsum and calcite/sepiolite crusts appear in higher elevated areas.
KW  - salt pan
KW  - playa
KW  - hyperspectral
KW  - multitemporal
KW  - change detection
KW  - evaporite minerals
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9020170
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Milewski, Robert
A1  - Chabrillat, Sabine
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
T1  - Analyses of Namibian Seasonal Salt Pan Crust Dynamics and Climatic Drivers Using Landsat 8 Time-Series and Ground Data
JF  - Remote Sensing
N2  - Salt pans are highly dynamic environments that are difficult to study by in situ methods because of their harsh climatic conditions and large spatial areas. Remote sensing can help to elucidate their environmental dynamics and provide important constraints regarding their sedimentological, mineralogical, and hydrological evolution. This study utilizes spaceborne multitemporal multispectral optical data combined with spectral endmembers to document spatial distribution of surface crust types over time on the Omongwa pan located in the Namibian Kalahari. For this purpose, 49 surface samples were collected for spectral and mineralogical characterization during three field campaigns (2014–2016) reflecting different seasons and surface conditions of the salt pan. An approach was developed to allow the spatiotemporal analysis of the salt pan crust dynamics in a dense time-series consisting of 77 Landsat 8 cloud-free scenes between 2014 and 2017, covering at least three major wet–dry cycles. The established spectral analysis technique Sequential Maximum Angle Convex Cone (SMACC) extraction method was used to derive image endmembers from the Landsat time-series stack. Evaluation of the extracted endmember set revealed that the multispectral data allowed the differentiation of four endmembers associated with mineralogical mixtures of the crust’s composition in dry conditions and three endmembers associated with flooded or muddy pan conditions. The dry crust endmember spectra have been identified in relation to visible, near infrared, and short-wave infrared (VNIR–SWIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the collected surface samples. According these results, the spectral endmembers are interpreted as efflorescent halite crust, mixed halite–gypsum crust, mixed calcite quartz sepiolite crust, and gypsum crust. For each Landsat scene the spatial distribution of these crust types was mapped with the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) method and significant spatiotemporal dynamics of the major surface crust types were observed. Further, the surface crust dynamics were analyzed in comparison with the pan’s moisture regime and other climatic parameters. The results show that the crust dynamics are mainly driven by flooding events in the wet season, but are also influenced by temperature and aeolian activity in the dry season. The approach utilized in this study combines the advantages of multitemporal satellite data for temporal event characterization with advantages from hyperspectral methods for the image and ground data analyses that allow improved mineralogical differentiation and characterization.
KW  - salt pan
KW  - playa
KW  - spectral analysis
KW  - crust
KW  - saline pan cycle
KW  - evaporites
KW  - time-series mapping
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030474
SN  - 2072-4292
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thomas, Jessica E.
A1  - Carvalho, Gary R.
A1  - Haile, James
A1  - Martin, Michael D.
A1  - Castruita, Jose A. Samaniego
A1  - Niemann, Jonas
A1  - Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.
A1  - Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela
A1  - Rawlence, Nicolas J.
A1  - Fuller, Errol
A1  - Fjeldsa, Jon
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Stewart, John R.
A1  - Gilbert, M. Thomas P.
A1  - Knapp, Michael
T1  - An ‛Aukward’ tale
BT  - a genetic approach to discover the whereabouts of the  Last Great Auks
JF  - Genes
N2  - One hundred and seventy-three years ago, the last two Great Auks, Pinguinus impennis, ever reliably seen were killed. Their internal organs can be found in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, but the location of their skins has remained a mystery. In 1999, Great Auk expert Errol Fuller proposed a list of five potential candidate skins in museums around the world. Here we take a palaeogenomic approach to test which—if any—of Fuller’s candidate skins likely belong to either of the two birds. Using mitochondrial genomes from the five candidate birds (housed in museums in Bremen, Brussels, Kiel, Los Angeles, and Oldenburg) and the organs of the last two known individuals, we partially solve the mystery that has been on Great Auk scholars’ minds for generations and make new suggestions as to the whereabouts of the still-missing skin from these two birds.
KW  - ancient DNA
KW  - extinct birds
KW  - mitochondrial genome
KW  - museum specimens
KW  - palaeogenomics
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8060164
SN  - 2073-4425
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
SP  - 164
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Qin, Xia
A1  - Faaß, Marcel
A1  - Niedermeier, Frank
T1  - An Overview of the ‘National Multiplication Trainings’ Programme
JF  - Potsdamer Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung
N2  - The article introduces the efforts exerted to initiate multiplication of the DIES training courses to a wider audience of higher education managers and academics in the target regions. The DIES ‘National Multiplication Trainings’ Programme has supported three cohorts of alumni teams so far to implement national training courses in the area of higher education leadership and management. The article sets the context of this publication and reflects on the main evaluation results of the programme implementation itself.
KW  - training multiplication
KW  - higher education management
KW  - higher education leadership
KW  - capacity building
KW  - alumni work
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-493344
SN  - 978-3-86956-496-8
SN  - 2192-1075
SN  - 2192-1083
IS  - 5
SP  - 17
EP  - 35
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - He, Hai
A1  - Höper, Rune
A1  - Dodenhöft, Moritz
A1  - Marlière, Philippe
A1  - Bar-Even, Arren
T1  - An optimized methanol assimilation pathway relying on promiscuous formaldehyde-condensing aldolases in E. coli
JF  - Metabolic Engineering
N2  - Engineering biotechnological microorganisms to use methanol as a feedstock for bioproduction is a major goal for the synthetic metabolism community. Here, we aim to redesign the natural serine cycle for implementation in E. coli. We propose the homoserine cycle, relying on two promiscuous formaldehyde aldolase reactions, as a superior pathway design. The homoserine cycle is expected to outperform the serine cycle and its variants with respect to biomass yield, thermodynamic favorability, and integration with host endogenous metabolism. Even as compared to the RuMP cycle, the most efficient naturally occurring methanol assimilation route, the homoserine cycle is expected to support higher yields of a wide array of products. We test the in vivo feasibility of the homoserine cycle by constructing several E. coli gene deletion strains whose growth is coupled to the activity of different pathway segments. Using this approach, we demonstrate that all required promiscuous enzymes are active enough to enable growth of the auxotrophic strains. Our findings thus identify a novel metabolic solution that opens the way to an optimized methylotrophic platform.
KW  - Pathway design
KW  - Promiscuous enzymes
KW  - Formaldehyde assimilation
KW  - Serine cycle
KW  - Growth selection
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2020.03.002
SN  - 1096-7176
SN  - 1096-7184
VL  - 60
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoan, Tran Viet
A1  - Richter, Karl-Gerd
A1  - Borsig, Nicolas
A1  - Bauer, Jonas
A1  - Ha, Nguyen Thi
A1  - Norra, Stefan
T1  - An improved groundwater model framework for aquifer structures of the quaternary-formed sediment body in the southernmost parts of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
JF  - Hydrology : open access journal
N2  - The Ca Mau peninsula (CMP) is a key economic region in southern Vietnam. In recent decades, the high demand for water has increased the exploitation of groundwater, thus lowering the groundwater level and leading to risks of degradation, depletion, and land subsidence, as well as salinity intrusion in the groundwater of the whole Mekong Delta region. By using a finite element groundwater model with boundary expansion to the sea, we updated the latest data on hydrogeological profiles, groundwater levels, and exploitation. The basic model setup covers seven aquifers and seven aquitards. It is determined that the inflow along the coastline to the mainland is 39% of the total inflow. The exploitation of the study area in 2019 was 567,364 m(3)/day. The most exploited aquifers are the upper-middle Pleistocene (qp(2-3)) and the middle Pliocene (n(2)(2)), accounting for 63.7% and 24.6%, respectively; the least exploited aquifers are the upper Pleistocene and the upper Miocene, accounting for 0.35% and 0.02%, respectively. In the deeper aquifers, qp(2-3) and n(2)(2), the change in storage is negative due to the high exploitation rate, leading to a decline in the reserves of these aquifers. These groundwater model results are the calculations of groundwater reserves from the coast to the mainland in the entire system of aquifers in the CMP. This makes groundwater decision managers, stakeholders, and others more efficient in sustainable water resources planning in the CMP and Mekong Delta (MKD).
KW  - groundwater modeling
KW  - hydrogeology
KW  - aquifers system
KW  - water balance;
KW  - validation of model
KW  - Ca Mau peninsula
KW  - Kien Giang
KW  - Soc Trang
KW  - Hau Giang
KW  - Bac Lieu
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9040061
SN  - 2306-5338
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nakoudi, Konstantina
A1  - Stachlewska, Iwona S.
A1  - Ritter, Christoph
T1  - An extended lidar-based cirrus cloud retrieval scheme
BT  - first application over an Arctic site
JF  - Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics / Optica
N2  - Accurate and precise characterization of cirrus cloud geometrical and optical properties is essential for better constraining their radiative footprint. A lidar-based retrieval scheme is proposed here, with its performance assessed on fine spatio-temporal observations over the Arctic site of Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. Two contributions related to cirrus geometrical (dynamic Wavelet Covariance Transform (WCT)) and optical properties (constrained Klett) are reported. The dynamic WCT rendered cirrus detection more robust, especially for thin cirrus layers that frequently remained undetected by the classical WCT method. Regarding optical characterization, we developed an iterative scheme for determining the cirrus lidar ratio (LRci) that is a crucial parameter for aerosol - cloud discrimination. Building upon the Klett-Fernald method, the LRci was constrained by an additional reference value. In established methods, such as the double-ended Klett, an aerosol-free reference value is applied. In the proposed constrained Klett, however, the reference value was approximated from cloud-free or low cloud optical depth (COD up to 0.2) profiles and proved to agree with independent Raman estimates. For optically thin cirrus, the constrained Klett inherent uncertainties reached 50% (60-74%) in terms of COD (LRci). However, for opaque cirrus COD (LRci) uncertainties were lower than 10% (15%). The detection method discrepancies (dynamic versus static WCT) had a higher impact on the optical properties of low COD layers (up to 90%) compared to optically thicker ones (less than 10%). The constrained Klett presented high agreement with two established retrievals. For an exemplary cirrus cloud, the constrained Klett estimated the COD355 (LRci355) at 0.28 +/- 0.17 (29 +/- 4 sr), the double-ended Klett at 0.27 +/- 0.15 (32 +/- 4 sr) and the Raman retrievals at 0.22 +/- 0.12 (26 +/- 11 sr). Our approach to determine the necessary reference value can also be applied in established methods and increase their accuracy. In contrast, the classical aerosol-free assumption led to 44 sr LRci overestimation in optically thin layers and 2-8 sr in thicker ones. The multiple scattering effect was corrected using Eloranta (1998) and accounted for 50-60% extinction underestimation near the cloud base and 20-30% within the cirrus layers.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.414770
SN  - 1094-4087
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
SP  - 8553
EP  - 8580
PB  - Optical Society of America
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Wortmann, Hanna Rosalie
A1  - Gisch, Ulrike Alexandra
A1  - Baer, Nadja-Raphaela
A1  - Schenk, Liane
A1  - Anton, Verena
A1  - Bergmann, Manuela M.
T1  - An experimental approach to training interoceptive sensitivity
BT  - study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
JF  - Nutrition Journal
N2  - Background
Eating in absence of hunger is quite common and often associated with an increased energy intake co-existent with a poorer food choice. Intuitive eating (IE), i.e., eating in accordance with internal hunger and satiety cues, may protect from overeating. IE, however, requires accurate perception and processing of one’s own bodily signals, also referred to as interoceptive sensitivity. Training interoceptive sensitivity might therefore be an effective method to promote IE and prevent overeating. As most studies on eating behavior are conducted in younger adults and close social relationships influence health-related behavior, this study focuses on middle-aged and older couples.

Methods
The present pilot randomized intervention study aims at investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a 21-day mindfulness-based training program designed to increase interoceptive sensitivity. A total of N = 60 couples participating in the NutriAct Family Study, aged 50–80 years, will be recruited. This randomized-controlled intervention study comprises three measurement points (pre-intervention, post-intervention, 4-week follow-up) and a 21-day training that consists of daily mindfulness-based guided audio exercises (e.g., body scan). A three-arm intervention study design is applied to compare two intervention groups (training together as a couple vs. training alone) with a control group (no training). Each measurement point includes the assessment of self-reported and objective indicators of interoceptive sensitivity (primary outcome), self-reported indicators of intuitive and maladaptive eating (secondary outcomes), and additional variables. A training evaluation applying focus group discussions will be conducted to assess participants’ overall acceptance of the training and its feasibility.

Discussion
By investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a mindfulness-based training program to increase interoceptive sensitivity, the present study will contribute to a deeper understanding of how to promote healthy eating in older age.
KW  - Digital intervention
KW  - Older adults
KW  - Interoception
KW  - Eating behavior
KW  - Intuitive eating
KW  - Partnership
KW  - Mindfulness
KW  - Randomized-controlled trial
KW  - NutriAct Family Study
KW  - Mixed methods
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-022-00827-4
SN  - 1475-2891
VL  - 21
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Concia, Francesca
A1  - Distler, Petr
A1  - Law, Gareth
A1  - Macerata, Elena
A1  - Mariani, Mario
A1  - Mossini, Eros
A1  - Negrin, Maddalena
A1  - Štrok, Marko
ED  - Meinel, Christoph
ED  - Schweiger, Stefanie
ED  - Staubitz, Thomas
ED  - Conrad, Robert
ED  - Alario Hoyos, Carlos
ED  - Ebner, Martin
ED  - Sancassani, Susanna
ED  - Żur, Agnieszka
ED  - Friedl, Christian
ED  - Halawa, Sherif
ED  - Gamage, Dilrukshi
ED  - Scott, Jeffrey
ED  - Kristine Jonson Carlon, May
ED  - Deville, Yves
ED  - Gaebel, Michael
ED  - Delgado Kloos, Carlos
ED  - von Schmieden, Karen
T1  - An experience in developing models to use MOOCs in teaching and to advocate OERs
JF  - EMOOCs 2023 : Post-Covid Prospects for Massive Open Online Courses - Boost or Backlash?
N2  - Loss of expertise in the fields of Nuclear- and Radio-Chemistry (NRC) is problematic at a scientific and social level. This has been addressed by developing a MOOC, in order to let students in scientific matters discover all the benefits of NRC to society and improving their awareness of this discipline. The MOOC “Essential Radiochemistry for Society” includes current societal challenges related to health, clean and sustainable energy for safety and quality of food and agriculture.
NRC teachers belonging to CINCH network were invited to use the MOOC in their teaching, according to various usage models: on the basis of these different experiences, some usage patterns were designed, describing context characteristics (number and age of students, course), activities’ scheduling and organization, results and students’ feedback, with the aim of encouraging the use of MOOCs in university teaching, as an opportunity for both lecturers and students. These models were the basis of a “toolkit for teachers”. By experiencing digital teaching resources created by different lecturers, CINCH teachers took a first meaningful step towards understanding the worth of Open Educational Resources (OER) and the importance of their creation, adoption and sharing for knowledge progress. In this paper, the entire path from MOOC concept to MOOC different usage models, to awareness-raising regarding OER is traced in conceptual stages.
KW  - Digitale Bildung
KW  - Kursdesign
KW  - MOOC
KW  - Micro Degree
KW  - Online-Lehre
KW  - Onlinekurs
KW  - Onlinekurs-Produktion
KW  - digital education
KW  - e-learning
KW  - micro degree
KW  - micro-credential
KW  - online course creation
KW  - online course design
KW  - online teaching
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-624609
SP  - 239
EP  - 254
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jararnezhadgero, AmirAli
A1  - Mamashli, Elaheh
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - An Endurance-Dominated Exercise Program Improves Maximum Oxygen Consumption, Ground Reaction Forces, and Muscle Activities in Patients With Moderate Diabetic Neuropathy
JF  - Frontiers in physiology / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2  - Background: The prevalence of diabetes worldwide is predicted to increase from 2.8% in 2000 to 4.4% in 2030. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is associated with damage to nerve glial cells, their axons, and endothelial cells leading to impaired function and mobility.

Objective: We aimed to examine the effects of an endurance-dominated exercise program on maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), ground reaction forces, and muscle activities during walking in patients with moderate DN.

Methods: Sixty male and female individuals aged 45–65 years with DN were randomly assigned to an intervention (IG, n = 30) or a waiting control (CON, n = 30) group. The research protocol of this study was registered with the Local Clinical Trial Organization (IRCT20200201046326N1). IG conducted an endurance-dominated exercise program including exercises on a bike ergometer and gait therapy. The progressive intervention program lasted 12 weeks with three sessions per week, each 40–55 min. CON received the same treatment as IG after the post-tests. Pre- and post-training, VO2max was tested during a graded exercise test using spiroergometry. In addition, ground reaction forces and lower limbs muscle activities were recorded while walking at a constant speed of ∼1 m/s.

Results: No statistically significant baseline between group differences was observed for all analyzed variables. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for VO2max (p < 0.001; d = 1.22). The post-hoc test revealed a significant increase in IG (p < 0.001; d = 1.88) but not CON. Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for peak lateral and vertical ground reaction forces during heel contact and peak vertical ground reaction force during push-off (p = 0.001–0.037; d = 0.56–1.53). For IG, post-hoc analyses showed decreases in peak lateral (p < 0.001; d = 1.33) and vertical (p = 0.004; d = 0.55) ground reaction forces during heel contact and increases in peak vertical ground reaction force during push-off (p < 0.001; d = 0.92). In terms of muscle activity, significant group-by-time interactions were found for vastus lateralis and gluteus medius during the loading phase and for vastus medialis during the mid-stance phase, and gastrocnemius medialis during the push-off phase (p = 0.001–0.044; d = 0.54–0.81). Post-hoc tests indicated significant intervention-related increases in vastus lateralis (p = 0.001; d = 1.08) and gluteus medius (p = 0.008; d = 0.67) during the loading phase and vastus medialis activity during mid-stance (p = 0.001; d = 0.86). In addition, post-hoc tests showed decreases in gastrocnemius medialis during the push-off phase in IG only (p < 0.001; d = 1.28).

Conclusions: This study demonstrated that an endurance-dominated exercise program has the potential to improve VO2max and diabetes-related abnormal gait in patients with DN. The observed decreases in peak vertical ground reaction force during the heel contact of walking could be due to increased vastus lateralis and gluteus medius activities during the loading phase. Accordingly, we recommend to implement endurance-dominated exercise programs in type 2 diabetic patients because it is feasible, safe and effective by improving aerobic capacity and gait characteristics.
KW  - oxygen consumption
KW  - kinetics
KW  - electromyography
KW  - diabetic
KW  - gait
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.654755
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Musculus, Lisa
A1  - Tünte, Markus R.
A1  - Raab, Markus
A1  - Kayhan, Ezgi
T1  - An Embodied Cognition Perspective on the Role of Interoception in the Development of the Minimal Self
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - Interoception is an often neglected but crucial aspect of the human minimal self. In this perspective, we extend the embodiment account of interoceptive inference to explain the development of the minimal self in humans. To do so, we first provide a comparative overview of the central accounts addressing the link between interoception and the minimal self. Grounding our arguments on the embodiment framework, we propose a bidirectional relationship between motor and interoceptive states, which jointly contribute to the development of the minimal self. We present empirical findings on interoception in development and discuss the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self. Moreover, we make theoretical predictions that can be tested in future experiments. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive view on the mechanisms underlying the minimal self by explaining the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self.
KW  - interoception
KW  - development of minimal self
KW  - cardioception
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - bodily self
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.716950
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ciemer, Catrin
A1  - Rehm, Lars
A1  - Kurths, Jürgen
A1  - Donner, Reik Volker
A1  - Winkelmann, Ricarda
A1  - Boers, Niklas
T1  - An early-warning indicator for Amazon droughts exclusively based on tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures
JF  - Environmental Research Letters
N2  - Droughts in tropical South America have an imminent and severe impact on the Amazon rainforest and affect the livelihoods of millions of people. Extremely dry conditions in Amazonia have been previously linked to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the adjacent tropical oceans. Although the sources and impacts of such droughts have been widely studied, establishing reliable multi-year lead statistical forecasts of their occurrence is still an ongoing challenge. Here, we further investigate the relationship between SST and rainfall anomalies using a complex network approach. We identify four ocean regions which exhibit the strongest overall SST correlations with central Amazon rainfall, including two particularly prominent regions in the northern and southern tropical Atlantic. Based on the time-dependent correlation between SST anomalies in these two regions alone, we establish a new early-warning method for droughts in the central Amazon basin and demonstrate its robustness in hindcasting past major drought events with lead-times up to 18 months.
KW  - complex networks
KW  - droughts
KW  - prediction
KW  - Amazon rainforest
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 15
IS  - 9
PB  - IOP - Institute of Physics Publishing
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haugsbakken, Halvdan
A1  - Hagelia, Marianne
ED  - Meinel, Christoph
ED  - Schweiger, Stefanie
ED  - Staubitz, Thomas
ED  - Conrad, Robert
ED  - Alario Hoyos, Carlos
ED  - Ebner, Martin
ED  - Sancassani, Susanna
ED  - Żur, Agnieszka
ED  - Friedl, Christian
ED  - Halawa, Sherif
ED  - Gamage, Dilrukshi
ED  - Scott, Jeffrey
ED  - Kristine Jonson Carlon, May
ED  - Deville, Yves
ED  - Gaebel, Michael
ED  - Delgado Kloos, Carlos
ED  - von Schmieden, Karen
T1  - An asynchronous cooperative leaning design in a Small Private Online Course (SPOC)
JF  - EMOOCs 2023 : Post-Covid Prospects for Massive Open Online Courses - Boost or Backlash?
N2  - This short paper sets out to propose a novel and interesting learning design that facilitates for cooperative learning in which students do not conduct traditional group work in an asynchronous online education setting. This learning design will be explored in a Small Private Online Course (SPOC) among teachers and school managers at a teacher education. Such an approach can be made possible by applying specific criteria commonly used to define collaborative learning. Collaboration can be defined, among other things, as a structured way of working among students that includes elements of co-laboring. The cooperative learning design involves adapting various traditional collaborative learning approaches for use in an online learning environment. A critical component of this learning design is that students work on a self-defined case project related to their professional practices. Through an iterative process, students will receive ongoing feedback and formative assessments from instructors and follow students at specific points, meaning that co-constructing of knowledge and learning takes place as the SPOC progresses. This learning design can contribute to better learning experiences and outcomes for students, and be a valuable contribution to current research discussions on learning design in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs).
KW  - Digitale Bildung
KW  - Kursdesign
KW  - MOOC
KW  - Micro Degree
KW  - Online-Lehre
KW  - Onlinekurs
KW  - Onlinekurs-Produktion
KW  - digital education
KW  - e-learning
KW  - micro degree
KW  - micro-credential
KW  - online course creation
KW  - online course design
KW  - online teaching
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622107
SP  - 67
EP  - 76
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dreher, Dorothee
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Hause, Bettina
T1  - An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a root pathogen induce different volatiles emitted by Medicago truncatula roots
JF  - Journal of Advanced Research
N2  - Plants are in permanent contact with various microorganisms and are always impacted by them. To better understand the first steps of a plant’s recognition of soil-borne microorganisms, the early release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from roots of Medicago truncatula in response to the symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis or the pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches was analysed. More than 90 compounds were released from roots as detected by an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry approach. Principal component analyses clearly distinguished untreated roots from roots treated with either R. irregularis or A. euteiches. Several VOCs were found to be emitted specifically in response to each of the microorganisms. Limonene was specifically emitted from wild-type roots after contact with R. irregularis spores but not from roots of the mycorrhiza-deficient mutant does not make infections3. The application of limonene to mycorrhizal roots, however, did not affect the mycorrhization rate. Inoculation of roots with A. euteiches zoospores resulted in the specific emission of several sesquiterpenes, such as nerolidol, viridiflorol and nerolidol-epoxyacetate but application of nerolidol to zoospores of A. euteiches did not affect their vitality. Therefore, plants discriminate between different microorganisms at early stages of their interaction and respond differently to the level of root-emitted volatiles.
KW  - Arbuscular mycorrhiza
KW  - Oomycetous pathogen
KW  - Volatile organic compound (VOC)
KW  - Aeroponic cultivation
KW  - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2019.03.002
SN  - 2090-1232
SN  - 2090-1224
VL  - 19
SP  - 85
EP  - 90
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Uličná, Lenka
ED  - Denz, Rebekka
ED  - Rudolf, Gabi
T1  - Amulets Found in Bohemian Genizot
BT  - a first approach
KW  - Genisa
KW  - Jüdische Studien
KW  - Geniza
KW  - Jewish Studies
KW  - Franken
KW  - Franconia
KW  - Landesgeschichte
KW  - Ländliches Judentum
KW  - Rural Jewry
KW  - regional history
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470952
SN  - 978-3-86956-470-8
SP  - 69
EP  - 80
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  -