TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schinköth, Michaela
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - Automatic associations and the affective valuation of exercise
BT  - disentangling the type-1 process of the affective–reflective theory of physical inactivity and exercise
JF  - German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
N2  - The decision to exercise is not only bound to rational considerations but also automatic affective processes. The affective–reflective theory of physical inactivity and exercise (ART) proposes a theoretical framework for explaining how the automatic affective process (type‑1 process) will influence exercise behavior, i.e., through the automatic activation of exercise-related associations and a subsequent affective valuation of exercise. This study aimed to empirically test this assumption of the ART with data from 69 study participants. A single-measurement study, including within-subject experimental variation, was conducted. Automatic associations with exercise were first measured with a single-target implicit association test. The somato-affective core of the participants’ automatic valuation of exercise-related pictures was then assessed via heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, and the affective valence of the valuation was tested with a facial expression (FE; smile and frown) task. Exercise behavior was assessed via self-report. Multiple regression (path) analysis revealed that automatic associations predicted HRV reactivity (β = −0.24, p = .044); the signs of the correlation between automatic associations and the smile FE score was in the expected direction but remained nonsignificant (β = −0.21, p = .078). HRV reactivity predicted self-reported exercise behavior (β = −0.28, p = .013) (the same pattern of results was achieved for the frown FE score). The HRV-related results illustrate the potential role of automatic negative affective reactions to the thought of exercise as a restraining force in exercise motivation. For better empirical distinction between the two ART type‑1 process components, automatic associations and the affective valuation should perhaps be measured separately in the future. The results support the notion that automatic and affective processes should be regarded as essential aspects of the motivation to exercise.
KW  - Heart rate variability
KW  - Facial expression
KW  - Somatic
KW  - Dual-process
KW  - Motivation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-020-00664-9
SN  - 2509-3150
SN  - 2509-3142
VL  - 50
IS  - 654
SP  - 366
EP  - 376
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mardoukhi, Yousof
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei V.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Spurious ergodicity breaking in normal and fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
JF  - New Journal of Physics
N2  - The Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process is a stationary and ergodic Gaussian process, that is fully determined by its covariance function and mean. We show here that the generic definitions of the ensemble- and time-averaged mean squared displacements fail to capture these properties consistently, leading to a spurious ergodicity breaking. We propose to remedy this failure by redefining the mean squared displacements such that they reflect unambiguously the statistical properties of any stochastic process. In particular we study the effect of the initial condition in the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process and its fractional extension. For the fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process representing typical experimental situations in crowded environments such as living biological cells, we show that the stationarity of the process delicately depends on the initial condition.
KW  - Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
KW  - stationary stochastic process
KW  - ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacement
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab950b
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 22
PB  - IOP
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koetz, Joachim
T1  - The Effect of Surface Modification of Gold Nanotriangles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Performance
JF  - Nanomaterials
N2  - A surface modification of ultraflat gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) with different shaped nanoparticles is of special relevance for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and the photo-catalytic activity of plasmonic substrates. Therefore, different approaches are used to verify the flat platelet morphology of the AuNTs by oriented overgrowth with metal nanoparticles. The most important part for the morphological transformation of the AuNTs is the coating layer, containing surfactants or polymers. By using well established AuNTs stabilized by a dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) bilayer, different strategies of surface modification with noble metal nanoparticles are possible. On the one hand undulated superstructures were synthesized by in situ growth of hemispherical gold nanoparticles in the polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated AOT bilayer of the AuNTs. On the other hand spiked AuNTs were obtained by a direct reduction of Au³⁺ ions in the AOT double layer in presence of silver ions and ascorbic acid as reducing agent. Additionally, crumble topping of the smooth AuNTs can be realized after an exchange of the AOT bilayer by hyaluronic acid, followed by a silver-ion mediated reduction with ascorbic acid. Furthermore, a decoration with silver nanoparticles after coating the AOT bilayer with the cationic surfactant benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride (BDAC) can be realized. In that case the ultraviolet (UV)-absorption of the undulated Au@Ag nanoplatelets can be tuned depending on the degree of decoration with silver nanoparticles. Comparing the Raman scattering data for the plasmon driven dimerization of 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) to 4,4′-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) one can conclude that the most important effect of surface modification with a 75 times higher enhancement factor in SERS experiments becomes available by decoration with gold spikes.
KW  - undulated
KW  - spiked and crumble gold nanotriangles
KW  - SERS enhancement factor
KW  - dimerization of 4-nitrothiophenol
KW  - AOT bilayer
KW  - PEI coating
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10112187
SN  - 2079-4991
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Werger, Luise
A1  - Bergmann, Joana
A1  - Weber, Ewald
A1  - Heinze, Johannes
T1  - Wind intensity affects fine root morphological traits with consequences for plant-soil feedback effects
JF  - Annals of Botany Plants
N2  - Wind influences the development, architecture and morphology of plant roots and may modify subsequent interactions between plants and soil (plant–soil feedbacks—PSFs). However, information on wind effects on fine root morphology is scarce and the extent to which wind changes plant–soil interactions remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of two wind intensity levels by manipulating surrounding vegetation height in a grassland PSF field experiment. We grew four common plant species (two grasses and two non-leguminous forbs) with soil biota either previously conditioned by these or other species and tested the effect of wind on root:shoot ratio, fine root morphological traits as well as the outcome for PSFs. Wind intensity did not affect biomass allocation (i.e. root:shoot ratio) in any species. However, fine-root morphology of all species changed under high wind intensity. High wind intensity increased specific root length and surface area and decreased root tissue density, especially in the two grasses. Similarly, the direction of PSFs changed under high wind intensity in all four species, but differences in biomass production on the different soils between high and low wind intensity were marginal and most pronounced when comparing grasses with forbs. Because soils did not differ in plant-available nor total nutrient content, the results suggest that wind-induced changes in root morphology have the potential to influence plant–soil interactions. Linking wind-induced changes in fine-root morphology to effects on PSF improves our understanding of plant–soil interactions under changing environmental conditions.
KW  - Wind
KW  - root traits
KW  - root morphology
KW  - specific root length
KW  - plant–soil feedback
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa050
SN  - 2041-2851
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Runge, Alexandra
A1  - Grosse, Guido
T1  - Mosaicking Landsat and Sentinel-2 Data to Enhance LandTrendr Time Series Analysis in Northern High Latitude Permafrost Regions
JF  - Remote Sensing
N2  - Permafrost is warming in the northern high latitudes, inducing highly dynamic thaw-related permafrost disturbances across the terrestrial Arctic. Monitoring and tracking of permafrost disturbances is important as they impact surrounding landscapes, ecosystems and infrastructure. Remote sensing provides the means to detect, map, and quantify these changes homogeneously across large regions and time scales. Existing Landsat-based algorithms assess different types of disturbances with similar spatiotemporal requirements. However, Landsat-based analyses are restricted in northern high latitudes due to the long repeat interval and frequent clouds, in particular at Arctic coastal sites. We therefore propose to combine Landsat and Sentinel-2 data for enhanced data coverage and present a combined annual mosaic workflow, expanding currently available algorithms, such as LandTrendr, to achieve more reliable time series analysis. We exemplary test the workflow for twelve sites across the northern high latitudes in Siberia. We assessed the number of images and cloud-free pixels, the spatial mosaic coverage and the mosaic quality with spectral comparisons. The number of available images increased steadily from 1999 to 2019 but especially from 2016 onward with the addition of Sentinel-2 images. Consequently, we have an increased number of cloud-free pixels even under challenging environmental conditions, which then serve as the input to the mosaicking process. In a comparison of annual mosaics, the Landsat+Sentinel-2 mosaics always fully covered the study areas (99.9–100 %), while Landsat-only mosaics contained data-gaps in the same years, only reaching coverage percentages of 27.2 %, 58.1 %, and 69.7 % for Sobo Sise, East Taymyr, and Kurungnakh in 2017, respectively. The spectral comparison of Landsat image, Sentinel-2 image, and Landsat+Sentinel-2 mosaic showed high correlation between the input images and mosaic bands (e.g., for Kurungnakh 0.91–0.97 between Landsat and Landsat+Sentinel-2 mosaic and 0.92–0.98 between Sentinel-2 and Landsat+Sentinel-2 mosaic) across all twelve study sites, testifying good quality mosaic results. Our results show that especially the results for northern, coastal areas was substantially improved with the Landsat+Sentinel-2 mosaics. By combining Landsat and Sentinel-2 data we accomplished to create reliably high spatial resolution input mosaics for time series analyses. Our approach allows to apply a high temporal continuous time series analysis to northern high latitude permafrost regions for the first time, overcoming substantial data gaps, and assess permafrost disturbance dynamics on an annual scale across large regions with algorithms such as LandTrendr by deriving the location, timing and progression of permafrost thaw disturbances
KW  - time series analysis
KW  - data fusion
KW  - disturbance tracking
KW  - permafrost
KW  - permafrost thaw
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152471
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 12
IS  - 15
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - He, Hai
A1  - Höper, Rune
A1  - Dodenhöft, Moritz
A1  - Marlière, Philippe
A1  - Bar-Even, Arren
T1  - An optimized methanol assimilation pathway relying on promiscuous formaldehyde-condensing aldolases in E. coli
JF  - Metabolic Engineering
N2  - Engineering biotechnological microorganisms to use methanol as a feedstock for bioproduction is a major goal for the synthetic metabolism community. Here, we aim to redesign the natural serine cycle for implementation in E. coli. We propose the homoserine cycle, relying on two promiscuous formaldehyde aldolase reactions, as a superior pathway design. The homoserine cycle is expected to outperform the serine cycle and its variants with respect to biomass yield, thermodynamic favorability, and integration with host endogenous metabolism. Even as compared to the RuMP cycle, the most efficient naturally occurring methanol assimilation route, the homoserine cycle is expected to support higher yields of a wide array of products. We test the in vivo feasibility of the homoserine cycle by constructing several E. coli gene deletion strains whose growth is coupled to the activity of different pathway segments. Using this approach, we demonstrate that all required promiscuous enzymes are active enough to enable growth of the auxotrophic strains. Our findings thus identify a novel metabolic solution that opens the way to an optimized methylotrophic platform.
KW  - Pathway design
KW  - Promiscuous enzymes
KW  - Formaldehyde assimilation
KW  - Serine cycle
KW  - Growth selection
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2020.03.002
SN  - 1096-7176
SN  - 1096-7184
VL  - 60
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - He, Hai
A1  - Noor, Elad
A1  - Ramos-Parra, Perla A.
A1  - García-Valencia, Liliana E.
A1  - Patterson, Jenelle A.
A1  - Díaz de la Garza, Rocío I.
A1  - Hanson, Andrew D.
A1  - Bar-Even, Arren
T1  - In Vivo Rate of Formaldehyde Condensation with Tetrahydrofolate
JF  - Metabolites
N2  - Formaldehyde is a highly reactive compound that participates in multiple spontaneous reactions, but these are mostly deleterious and damage cellular components. In contrast, the spontaneous condensation of formaldehyde with tetrahydrofolate (THF) has been proposed to contribute to the assimilation of this intermediate during growth on C1 carbon sources such as methanol. However, the in vivo rate of this condensation reaction is unknown and its possible contribution to growth remains elusive. Here, we used microbial platforms to assess the rate of this condensation in the cellular environment. We constructed Escherichia coli strains lacking the enzymes that naturally produce 5,10-methylene-THF. These strains were able to grow on minimal medium only when equipped with a sarcosine (N-methyl-glycine) oxidation pathway that sustained a high cellular concentration of formaldehyde, which spontaneously reacts with THF to produce 5,10-methylene-THF. We used flux balance analysis to derive the rate of the spontaneous condensation from the observed growth rate. According to this, we calculated that a microorganism obtaining its entire biomass via the spontaneous condensation of formaldehyde with THF would have a doubling time of more than three weeks. Hence, this spontaneous reaction is unlikely to serve as an effective route for formaldehyde assimilation.
KW  - one-carbon metabolism
KW  - spontaneous reaction
KW  - auxotrophy
KW  - serine cycle
KW  - phenotypic phase plane
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10020065
SN  - 2218-1989
VL  - 10
IS  - 65
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Figueroa Campos, Gustavo A.
A1  - Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel
A1  - Saravia Celis, Pedro
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Comparison of batch and continuous wet-processing of coffee
BT  - changes in the main compounds in beans, by-products and wastewater
JF  - Foods
N2  - Many technical challenges still need to be overcome to improve the quality of the green coffee beans. In this work, the wet Arabica coffee processing in batch and continuous modus were investigated. Coffee beans samples as well as by-products and wastewaters collected at different production steps were analyzed in terms of their content in total phenols, antioxidant capacity, caffeine content, organic acids, reducing sugars, free amino group and protein content. The results showed that 40% of caffeine was removed with pulp. Green coffee beans showed highest concentration of organic acids and sucrose (4.96 ± 0.25 and 5.07 ± 0.39 g/100 g DW for the batch and continuous processing). Batch green coffee beans contained higher amount of phenols. 5-caffeoylquinic Acid (5-CQA) was the main constituent (67.1 and 66.0% for the batch and continuous processing, respectively). Protein content was 15 and 13% in the green coffee bean in batch and continuous processing, respectively. A decrease of 50 to 64% for free amino groups during processing was observed resulting in final amounts of 0.8 to 1.4% in the processed beans. Finally, the batch processing still revealed by-products and wastewater with high nutrient content encouraging a better concept for valorization.
KW  - Arabica coffee beans
KW  - coffee by-products
KW  - batch process
KW  - continuous process
KW  - nutritional characteristics
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081135
SN  - 2304-8158
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brust, Henrike
A1  - Orzechowski, Slawomir
A1  - Fettke, Jörg
T1  - Starch and Glycogen Analyses
BT  - Methods and Techniques
JF  - Biomolecules
N2  - For complex carbohydrates, such as glycogen and starch, various analytical methods and techniques exist allowing the detailed characterization of these storage carbohydrates. In this article, we give a brief overview of the most frequently used methods, techniques, and results. Furthermore, we give insights in the isolation, purification, and fragmentation of both starch and glycogen. An overview of the different structural levels of the glucans is given and the corresponding analytical techniques are discussed. Moreover, future perspectives of the analytical needs and the challenges of the currently developing scientific questions are included
KW  - starch
KW  - glycogen
KW  - analytics
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10071020
SN  - 2218-273X
VL  - 10
IS  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Intrapersonal predictors of weight bias internalization among elementary school children
BT  - a prospective analysis
JF  - BMC Pediatrics
N2  - Background

Weight-related stigmatization is a widespread problem. Particularly the internalization of weight-related stereotypes and prejudices (weight bias internalization, WBI) is related to mental and physical health impairments. To date, little is known about the risk factors of WBI. Previous studies are mainly cross-sectional and based on adult samples. As childhood is a sensitive period for the development of a healthy self-concept, we examined predictors of WBI in children.
Methods

The final sample included 1,463 schoolchildren (6–11 years, 51.7% female) who took part in a prospective study consisting of three measurement waves. The first two waves delivered data on objective weight status and self-reported weight-related teasing, body dissatisfaction, relevance of one’s own figure, self-esteem and depressive symptoms; WBI was measured during the third wave. To examine predictors of WBI, we ran hierarchical regression analyses and exploratory mediation analyses.
Results

Lower parental education level, higher child weight status, female gender, experience of teasing, higher body dissatisfaction, higher figure-relevance, and higher depression scores were found to be predictive for higher WBI scores. Body dissatisfaction (only for girls) and the relevance of one’s own figure (both genders) mediated the association between self-esteem and WBI; no weight-related differences were observed.
Conclusions

Our study offers longitudinal evidence for variables that enable the identification of children who are at risk for WBI. Thus, the findings deliver starting points for interventions aimed at the prevention of adverse health developments that come along with WBI.
KW  - Weight bias internalization
KW  - Self-stigmatization
KW  - Weight
KW  - Children
KW  - Predictors
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02264-w
SN  - 1471-2431
VL  - 20
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Park, Jaeheung
A1  - Stolle, Claudia
A1  - Yamazaki, Yosuke
A1  - Rauberg, Jan
A1  - Michaelis, Ingo
A1  - Olsen, Nils
T1  - Diagnosing low-/mid-latitude ionospheric currents using platform magnetometers
BT  - CryoSat-2 and GRACE-FO
JF  - Earth, planets and space
N2  - Electric currents flowing in the terrestrial ionosphere have conventionally been diagnosed by low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites equipped with science-grade magnetometers and long booms on magnetically clean satellites. In recent years, there are a variety of endeavors to incorporate platform magnetometers, which are initially designed for navigation purposes, to study ionospheric currents. Because of the suboptimal resolution and significant noise of the platform magnetometers, however, most of the studies were confined to high-latitude auroral regions, where magnetic field deflections from ionospheric currents easily exceed 100 nT. This study aims to demonstrate the possibility of diagnosing weak low-/mid-latitude ionospheric currents based on platform magnetometers. We use navigation magnetometer data from two satellites, CryoSat-2 and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO), both of which have been intensively calibrated based on housekeeping data and a high-precision geomagnetic field model. Analyses based on 8 years of CryoSat-2 data as well as similar to 1.5 years of GRACE-FO data reproduce well-known climatology of inter-hemispheric field-aligned currents (IHFACs), as reported by previous satellite missions dedicated to precise magnetic observations. Also, our results show that C-shaped structures appearing in noontime IHFAC distributions conform to the shape of the South Atlantic Anomaly. The F-region dynamo currents are only partially identified in the platform magnetometer data, possibly because the currents are weaker than IHFACs in general and depend significantly on altitude and solar activity. Still, this study evidences noontime F-region dynamo currents at the highest altitude (717 km) ever reported. We expect that further data accumulation from continuously operating missions may reveal the dynamo currents more clearly during the next solar maximum.
KW  - Platform magnetometers
KW  - CryoSat-2
KW  - GRACE-FO
KW  - Inter-hemispheric
KW  - field-aligned currents
KW  - F-region dynamo currents
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01274-3
SN  - 1343-8832
SN  - 1880-5981
VL  - 72
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Drago, Claudia
A1  - Pawlak, Julia
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
T1  - Biogenic aggregation of small microplastics alters their ingestion by a common freshwater micro-invertebrate
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Science
N2  - In recent years, increasing concerns have been raised about the environmental risk of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems. Small microplastics enter the water either directly or accumulate through disintegration of larger plastic particles. These particles might then be ingested by filter-feeding zooplankton, such as rotifers. Particles released into the water may also interact with the biota through the formation of aggregates, which might alter the uptake by zooplankton. In this study, we tested for size-specific aggregation of polystyrene microspheres and their ingestion by a common freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. The ingestion of three sizes of polystyrene microspheres (MS) 1-, 3-, and 6-mu m was investigated. Each MS size was tested in combination with three different treatments: MS as the sole food intake, MS in association with food algae and MS aggregated with biogenic matter. After 72 h incubation in pre-filtered natural river water, the majority of the 1-mu m spheres occurred as aggregates. The larger the particles, the higher the relative number of single particles and the larger the aggregates. All particles were ingested by the rotifer following a Type-II functional response. The presence of algae did not influence the ingestion of the MS for all three sizes. The biogenic aggregation of microspheres led to a significant size-dependent alteration in their ingestion. Rotifers ingested more microspheres (MS) when exposed to aggregated 1- and 3-mu m MS as compared to single spheres, whereas fewer aggregated 6-mu m spheres were ingested. This indicates that the small particles when aggregated were in an effective size range for Brachionus, while the aggregated larger spheres became too large to be efficiently ingested. These observations provide the first evidence of a size- and aggregation-dependent feeding interaction between microplastics and rotifers. Microplastics when aggregated with biogenic particles in a natural environment can rapidly change their size-dependent availability. The aggregation properties of microplastics should be taken into account when performing experiments mimicking the natural environment.
KW  - microplastics ingestion
KW  - Brachionus calyciflorus
KW  - aggregation
KW  - microplastics
KW  - polystyrene
KW  - functional response
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.574274
SN  - 2296-665X
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Minnes, Mark
T1  - Más allá de la oscuridad
BT  - las "Soledades" de Góngora y el pirateo del lenguaje épico durante la primera globalización moderna
BT  - Góngora’s Soledades and the pirating of epic language during  the first modern phase of globalization
JF  - RILCE : revista de filología hispánica obalización moderna
N2  - En los últimos años, la crítica ha vuelto a enfatizar el vínculo de la escritura gongorina la épica y los subgéneros denominados “heroicos” (Mercedes Blanco, Jesús Ponce Cárdenas). Esta nueva perspectiva significa un cambio importante respecto a la recepción del poeta instaurada por la Generación del 27 y en particular por Dámaso Alonso. Limitándose a las Soledades de Góngora, el presente artículo explora las consecuencias de este nuevo paradigma, más allá de un Góngora puramente lírico. Metodológicamente, proponemos dejar atrás la dialéctica idealista o marxista de forma-contenido (la ideología de la forma de Fredric Jameson), por considerarla un enfoque anacrónico en el caso de Góngora. Sin embargo, encontramos un acercamiento filológico viable en el compromiso de la forma del temprano Barthes, que trata de esquivar la dialéctica de forma-contenido y volver a un gesto de escritura (écriture). La hipótesis del presente artículo sería, pues, que no se ha reflexionado suficientemente sobre el gesto de la escritura gongorina en las Soledades: una escritura que piratea el lenguaje épico.
N2  - In recent years, literary criticism has begun to  emphasize  the  linkage  between  Góngoras way of writing and epic or the so-called ‘heroic’ set of  subgenres  (Mercedes  Blanco,  Jesús  Ponce  Cárdenas). This new angle implies a considerable shift in  perspective  compared  to  the  reception  of  Góngora  by  the  Generación  del  27  and  especially  Dámaso  Alonso.  Limiting  itself  to  the  Soledades,  the present  article  explores  the  consequences  of  this new paradigm, beyond Góngora as a mere ‘lyricist’.
From  a  methodological  point  of  view,  we  will  not rely  on  the  idealist  or  Marxist  dialectic  of  form  and content (the ‘ideology of form’ of Fredric Jameson), which we consider an anachronism when referring to Góngora. Instead, the early Roland Barthes provides  an  alternative  by  suggesting  the  ‘commitment  to  form’  and  attempting  to  escape  the  dialectic  of  form  and  content  through  a  ‘gesture’  of écriture.  Thus,  the  present  article  postulates  that not  enough  critical  attention  has  been  paid  to  the ‘gesture’  of  Góngoras  writing   (écriture) in  the  Soledades: a writing that pirates the language of epic.
T2  - Beyond obscurity
KW  - Luis de Gongora
KW  - Literary Genres
KW  - Criticism and Style
KW  - Semantics of
KW  - Space
KW  - Globalization
KW  - Luis  de  Góngora
KW  - Géneros  literarios
KW  - Crítica y estilística
KW  - Semántica espacial
KW  - Globaización
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.15581/008.36.1.387-406
SN  - 0213-2370
SN  - 2174-0917
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 387
EP  - 406
PB  - Ediciones Universidad de Navarra
CY  - Pamplona
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Coesfeld, Jacqueline
A1  - Kuester, Theres
A1  - Kuechly, Helga U.
A1  - Kyba, Christopher C. M.
T1  - Reducing variability and removing natural light from nighttime satellite imagery: A case study using the VIIRS DNB
JF  - Sensors
N2  - Temporal variation of natural light sources such as airglow limits the ability of night light sensors to detect changes in small sources of artificial light (such as villages). This study presents a method for correcting for this effect globally, using the satellite radiance detected from regions without artificial light emissions. We developed a routine to define an approximate grid of locations worldwide that do not have regular light emission. We apply this method with a 5 degree equally spaced global grid (total of 2016 individual locations), using data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day-Night Band (DNB). This code could easily be adapted for other future global sensors. The correction reduces the standard deviation of data in the Earth Observation Group monthly DNB composites by almost a factor of two. The code and datasets presented here are available under an open license by GFZ Data Services, and are implemented in the Radiance Light Trends web application.
KW  - airglow
KW  - artificial light
KW  - calibration
KW  - VIIRS DNB
KW  - nightlights
KW  - remote sensing
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 20
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zeeden, Christian
A1  - Obreht, Igor
A1  - Veres, Daniel
A1  - Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie
A1  - Hošek, Jan
A1  - Marković, Slobodan B.
A1  - Bösken, Janina
A1  - Lehmkuhl, Frank
A1  - Rolf, Christian
A1  - Hambach, Ulrich
T1  - Smoothed millennial-scale palaeoclimatic reference data as unconventional comparison targets: Application to European loess records
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Millennial-scale palaeoclimate variability has been documented in various terrestrial and marine palaeoclimate proxy records throughout the Northern Hemisphere for the last glacial cycle. Its clear expression and rapid shifts between different states of climate (Greenland Interstadials and Stadials) represents a correlation tool beyond the resolution of e.g. luminescence dating, especially relevant for terrestrial deposits. Usually, comparison of terrestrial proxy datasets and the Greenland ice cores indicates a complex expression of millennial-scale climate variability as recorded in terrestrial geoarchives including loess. Loess is the most widespread terrestrial geoarchive of the Quaternary and especially widespread over Eurasia. However, loess often records a smoothed representation of millennial-scale variability without all fidelity when compared to the Greenland data, this being a relevant limiting feature in integrating loess with other palaeoclimate records. To better understand the loess proxy-response to millennial-scale climate variability, we simulate a proxy signal smoothing by natural processes through application of low-pass filters of delta O-18 data from Greenland, a high-resolution palaeoclimate reference record, alongside speleothem isotope records from the Black Sea-Mediterranean region. We show that low-pass filters represent rather simple models for better constraining the expression of millennial-scale climate variability in low sedimentation environments, and in sediments where proxy-response signals are most likely affected by natural smoothing (by e.g. bioturbation). Interestingly, smoothed datasets from Greenland and the Black Sea-Mediterranean region are most similar in the last similar to 15 ka and between similar to 50-30 ka. Between similar to 30-15 ka, roughly corresponding to the Last Glacial Maximum and the deglaciation, the records show dissimilarities, challenging the construction of robust correlative time-scales in this age range. From our analysis it becomes apparent that patterns of palaeoclimate signals in loess-palaeosol sequences often might be better explained by smoothed Greenland reference data than the original high-resolution Greenland dataset, or other reference data. This opens the possibility to better assess the temporal resolution and palaeoclimate potential of loess-palaeosol sequences in recording supra-regional climate patterns, as well as to securely integrate loess with other chronologically better-resolved palaeoclimate records.
KW  - last glacial period
KW  - Western Interior Basin
KW  - high-resolution record
KW  - Greenland ice cores
KW  - paleosol sequence
KW  - time-scale
KW  - Chinese loess
KW  - astronomical calibration
KW  - chronology (AICC2012)
KW  - Antarctic ice
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhang, Youjun
A1  - Chen, Moxian
A1  - Siemiatkowska, Beata
A1  - Toleco, Mitchell Rey
A1  - Jing, Yue
A1  - Strotmann, Vivien
A1  - Zhang, Jianghua
A1  - Stahl, Yvonne
A1  - Fernie, Alisdair R.
T1  - A highly efficient agrobacterium-mediated method for transient gene expression and functional studies in multiple plant species
JF  - Plant Communications
N2  - Although the use of stable transformation technology has led to great insight into gene function, its application in high-throughput studies remains arduous. Agro-infiltration have been widely used in species such as Nicotiana benthamiana for the rapid detection of gene expression and protein interaction analysis, but this technique does not work efficiently in other plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. As an efficient high-throughput transient expression system is currently lacking in the model plant species A. thaliana, we developed a method that is characterized by high efficiency, reproducibility, and suitability for transient expression of a variety of functional proteins in A. thaliana and 7 other plant species, including Brassica oleracea, Capsella rubella, Thellungiella salsuginea, Thellungiella halophila, Solanum tuberosum, Capsicum annuum, and N. benthamiana. Efficiency of this method was independently verified in three independent research facilities, pointing to the robustness of this technique. Furthermore, in addition to demonstrating the utility of this technique in a range of species, we also present a case study employing this method to assess protein-protein interactions in the sucrose biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis.
KW  - transient expression
KW  - agro-infiltration
KW  - subcellular localization
KW  - protein-protein interaction
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 2590-3462
VL  - 1
IS  - 5
PB  - Science Direct
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Richly, Keven
A1  - Brauer, Janos
A1  - Schlosser, Rainer
T1  - Predicting location probabilities of drivers to improved dispatch decisions of transportation network companies based on trajectory data
JF  - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems - ICORES
N2  - The demand for peer-to-peer ridesharing services increased over the last years rapidly. To cost-efficiently dispatch orders and communicate accurate pick-up times is challenging as the current location of each available driver is not exactly known since observed locations can be outdated for several seconds. The developed trajectory visualization tool enables transportation network companies to analyze dispatch processes and determine the causes of unexpected delays. As dispatching algorithms are based on the accuracy of arrival time predictions, we account for factors like noise, sample rate, technical and economic limitations as well as the duration of the entire process as they have an impact on the accuracy of spatio-temporal data. To improve dispatching strategies, we propose a prediction approach that provides a probability distribution for a driver’s future locations based on patterns observed in past trajectories. We demonstrate the capabilities of our prediction results to ( i) avoid critical delays, (ii) to estimate waiting times with higher confidence, and (iii) to enable risk considerations in dispatching strategies.
KW  - trajectory data
KW  - location prediction algorithm
KW  - Peer-to-Peer ridesharing
KW  - transport network companies
KW  - risk-aware dispatching
Y1  - 2020
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Söchting, Maximilian
A1  - Trapp, Matthias
T1  - Controlling image-stylization techniques using eye tracking
JF  - Science and Technology Publications
N2  - With the spread of smart phones capable of taking high-resolution photos and the development of high-speed mobile data infrastructure, digital visual media is becoming one of the most important forms of modern communication. With this development, however, also comes a devaluation of images as a media form with the focus becoming the frequency at which visual content is generated instead of the quality of the content. In this work, an interactive system using image-abstraction techniques and an eye tracking sensor is presented, which allows users to experience diverting and dynamic artworks that react to their eye movement. The underlying modular architecture enables a variety of different interaction techniques that share common design principles, making the interface as intuitive as possible. The resulting experience allows users to experience a game-like interaction in which they aim for a reward, the artwork, while being held under constraints, e.g., not blinking. The co nscious eye movements that are required by some interaction techniques hint an interesting, possible future extension for this work into the field of relaxation exercises and concentration training.
KW  - Eye-tracking
KW  - Image Abstraction
KW  - Image Processing
KW  - Artistic Image Stylization
KW  - Interactive Media
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 2184-4321
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Naliboff, John B.
A1  - Glerum, Anne
A1  - Brune, Sascha
A1  - Péron-Pinvidic, G.
A1  - Wrona, Thilo
T1  - Development of 3-D rift heterogeneity through fault network evolution
JF  - Geophysical Research Letters
N2  - Observations of rift and rifted margin architecture suggest that significant spatial and temporal structural heterogeneity develops during the multiphase evolution of continental rifting. Inheritance is often invoked to explain this heterogeneity, such as preexisting anisotropies in rock composition, rheology, and deformation. Here, we use high-resolution 3-D thermal-mechanical numerical models of continental extension to demonstrate that rift-parallel heterogeneity may develop solely through fault network evolution during the transition from distributed to localized deformation. In our models, the initial phase of distributed normal faulting is seeded through randomized initial strength perturbations in an otherwise laterally homogeneous lithosphere extending at a constant rate. Continued extension localizes deformation onto lithosphere-scale faults, which are laterally offset by tens of km and discontinuous along-strike. These results demonstrate that rift- and margin-parallel heterogeneity of large-scale fault patterns may in-part be a natural byproduct of fault network coalescence.
KW  - magma-poor
KW  - continental lithosphere
KW  - extension
KW  - insights
KW  - margins
KW  - architecture
KW  - systems
KW  - models
KW  - sea
KW  - reactivation
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 47
IS  - 13
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New Jersey
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zimmermann, Malte
A1  - De Veaugh-Geiss, Joseph P.
A1  - Tönnis, Swantje
A1  - Onea, Edgar
T1  - (Non-)exhaustivity in focus partitioning across languages
JF  - Approaches to Hungarian
N2  - We present novel experimental evidence on the availability and the status of exhaustivity inferences with focus partitioning in German, English, and Hungarian. Results suggest that German and English focus-background clefts and Hungarian focus share important properties, (É. Kiss 1998, 1999; Szabolcsi 1994; Percus 1997; Onea & Beaver 2009). Those constructions are anaphoric devices triggering an existence presupposition. EXH-inferences are not obligatory in such constructions in English, German, or Hungarian, against some previous literature (Percus 1997; Büring & Križ 2013; É. Kiss 1998), but in line with pragmatic analyses of EXH-inferences in clefts (Horn 1981, 2016; Pollard & Yasavul 2016). The cross-linguistic differences in the distribution of EXH-inferences are attributed to properties of the Hungarian number marking system.
KW  - clefts
KW  - definite pseudoclefts
KW  - Hungarian focus
KW  - exhaustivity
KW  - experimental evidence
KW  - semantics-pragmatics interface
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 16
PB  - John Benjamins
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Costa Tomaz de Souza, Arthur
A1  - Ayzel, Georgy
A1  - Heistermann, Maik
T1  - Quantifying the location error of precipitation nowcasts
JF  - Advances in meteorology
N2  - In precipitation nowcasting, it is common to track the motion of precipitation in a sequence of weather radar images and to extrapolate this motion into the future. The total error of such a prediction consists of an error in the predicted location of a precipitation feature and an error in the change of precipitation intensity over lead time. So far, verification measures did not allow isolating the extent of location errors, making it difficult to specifically improve nowcast models with regard to location prediction. In this paper, we introduce a framework to directly quantify the location error. To that end, we detect and track scale-invariant precipitation features (corners) in radar images. We then consider these observed tracks as the true reference in order to evaluate the performance (or, inversely, the error) of any model that aims to predict the future location of a precipitation feature. Hence, the location error of a forecast at any lead time Delta t ahead of the forecast time t corresponds to the Euclidean distance between the observed and the predicted feature locations at t + Delta t. Based on this framework, we carried out a benchmarking case study using one year worth of weather radar composites of the German Weather Service. We evaluated the performance of four extrapolation models, two of which are based on the linear extrapolation of corner motion from t - 1 to t (LK-Lin1) and t - 4 to t (LK-Lin4) and the other two are based on the Dense Inverse Search (DIS) method: motion vectors obtained from DIS are used to predict feature locations by linear (DIS-Lin1) and Semi-Lagrangian extrapolation (DIS-Rot1). Of those four models, DIS-Lin1 and LK-Lin4 turned out to be the most skillful with regard to the prediction of feature location, while we also found that the model skill dramatically depends on the sinuosity of the observed tracks. The dataset of 376,125 detected feature tracks in 2016 is openly available to foster the improvement of location prediction in extrapolation-based nowcasting models.
KW  - inuosity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8841913
SN  - 1687-9309
SN  - 1687-9317
VL  - 2020
PB  - Hindawi
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malass, Ihsane
A1  - Tarkhanov, Nikolaj Nikolaevič
T1  - A perturbation of the de Rham complex
T1  - Возмущение комплекса де Рама
JF  - Journal of Siberian Federal University : Mathematics & Physics
JF  - Žurnal Sibirskogo Federalʹnogo Universiteta : Matematika i fizika
N2  - We consider a perturbation of the de Rham complex on a compact manifold with boundary. This perturbation goes beyond the framework of complexes, and so cohomology does not apply to it. On the other hand, its curvature is "small", hence there is a natural way to introduce an Euler characteristic and develop a Lefschetz theory for the perturbation. This work is intended as an attempt to develop a cohomology theory for arbitrary sequences of linear mappings.
N2  - Рассмотрим возмущение комплекса де Рама на компактном многообразии с краем. Это возмущение выходит за рамки комплексов, и поэтому когомологии к нему не относятся. С другой стороны, его кривизна "мала", поэтому существует естественный способ ввести характеристику Эйлера и разработать теорию Лефшеца для возмущения. Данная работа предназначена для попытки разработать теорию когомологий для произвольных последовательностей линейных отображений.
KW  - de Rham complex
KW  - cohomology
KW  - Hodge theory
KW  - Neumann problem
KW  - комплекс де Рама
KW  - когомологии
KW  - теория Ходжа
KW  - проблема Неймана
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1397-2020-13-5-519-532
SN  - 1997-1397
SN  - 2313-6022
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
SP  - 519
EP  - 532
PB  - Siberian Federal University
CY  - Krasnojarsk
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yarman, Aysu
A1  - Scheller, Frieder W.
T1  - How reliable is the electrochemical readout of MIP sensors?
JF  - Sensors
N2  - Electrochemical methods offer the simple characterization of the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the readouts of target binding. The binding of electroinactive analytes can be detected indirectly by their modulating effect on the diffusional permeability of a redox marker through thin MIP films. However, this process generates an overall signal, which may include nonspecific interactions with the nonimprinted surface and adsorption at the electrode surface in addition to (specific) binding to the cavities. Redox-active low-molecular-weight targets and metalloproteins enable a more specific direct quantification of their binding to MIPs by measuring the faradaic current. The in situ characterization of enzymes, MIP-based mimics of redox enzymes or enzyme-labeled targets, is based on the indication of an electroactive product. This approach allows the determination of both the activity of the bio(mimetic) catalyst and of the substrate concentration.
KW  - molecularly imprinted polymers
KW  - electropolymerization
KW  - direct electron
KW  - transfer
KW  - catalysis
KW  - redox marker
KW  - gate effect
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092677
SN  - 1424-8220
VL  - 20
IS  - 9
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abdalla, Hassan E.
A1  - Adam, Remi
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Benkhali, Faical Ait
A1  - Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan
A1  - Arakawa, Masanori
A1  - Arcaro, C
A1  - Armand, Catherine
A1  - Armstrong, T.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
T1  - Very high energy γ-ray emission from two blazars of unknown redshift and upper limits on their distance
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - We report on the detection of very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the BL Lac objects KUV 00311-1938 and PKS 1440-389 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). H.E.S.S. observations were accompanied or preceded by multiwavelength observations with Fermi/LAT, XRT and UVOT onboard the Swift satellite, and ATOM. Based on an extrapolation of the Fermi/LAT spectrum towards the VHE gamma-ray regime, we deduce a 95 per cent confidence level upper limit on the unknown redshift of KUV 00311-1938 of z < 0.98 and of PKS 1440-389 of z < 0.53. When combined with previous spectroscopy results, the redshift of KUV 00311-1938 is constrained to 0.51 <= z < 0.98 and of PKS 1440-389 to 0.14 (sic) z < 0.53.
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: individual
KW  - galaxies: high-redshift
KW  - gamma-rays: general
KW  - Resolved and unresolved sources as a function of wavelength
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 494
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oguntunde, Philip G.
A1  - Abiodun, Babatunde Joseph
A1  - Lischeid, Gunnar
A1  - Abatan, Abayomi A.
T1  - Droughts projection over the Niger and Volta River basins of West Africa at specific global warming levels
JF  - International Journal of Climatology
N2  - This study investigates possible impacts of four global warming levels (GWLs: GWL1.5, GWL2.0, GWL2.5, and GWL3.0) on drought characteristics over Niger River basin (NRB) and Volta River basin (VRB). Two drought indices-Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)-were employed in characterizing droughts in 20 multi-model simulation outputs from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). The performance of the simulation in reproducing basic hydro-climatological features and severe drought characteristics (i.e., magnitude and frequency) in the basins were evaluated. The projected changes in the future drought frequency were quantified and compared under the four GWLs for two climate forcing scenarios (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5). The regional climate model (RCM) ensemble gives a realistic simulation of historical hydro-climatological variables needed to calculate the drought indices. With SPEI, the simulation ensemble projects an increase in the magnitude and frequency of severe droughts over both basins (NRB and VRB) at all GWLs, but the increase, which grows with the GWLs, is higher over NRB than over VRB. More than 75% of the simulations agree on the projected increase at GWL1.5 and all simulations agree on the increase at higher GWLs. With SPI, the projected changes in severe drought is weaker and the magnitude remains the same at all GWLs, suggesting that SPI projection may underestimate impacts of the GWLs on the intensity and severity of future drought. The results of this study have application in mitigating impact of global warming on future drought risk over the regional water systems.
KW  - climate change
KW  - drought index
KW  - global warming levels
KW  - river basins
KW  - West Africa
KW  - CORDEX data
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 40
IS  - 13
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New Jersey
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Omane, Paul Okyere
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
T1  - Acquiring syntactic variability
BT  - The production of Wh-questions in children and adults speaking Akan
JF  - Frontiers in communication
N2  - This paper investigates the predictions of the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis by studying the acquisition of wh-questions in 4- and 5-year-old Akan-speaking children in an experimental approach using an elicited production and an elicited imitation task. Akan has two types of wh-question structures (wh-in-situ and wh-ex-situ questions), which allows an investigation of children’s acquisition of these two question structures and their preferences for one or the other. Our results show that adults prefer to use wh-ex-situ questions over wh-in-situ questions. The results from the children show that both age groups have the two question structures in their linguistic repertoire. However, they differ in their preferences in usage in the elicited production task: while the 5-year-olds preferred the wh-in-situ structure over the wh-ex-situ structure, the 4-year-olds showed a selective preference for the wh-in-situ structure in who-questions. These findings suggest a developmental change in wh-question preferences in Akan-learning children between 4 and 5 years of age with a so far unobserved u-shaped developmental pattern. In the elicited imitation task, all groups showed a strong tendency to maintain the structure of in-situ and ex-situ questions in repeating grammatical questions. When repairing ungrammatical ex-situ questions, structural changes to grammatical in-situ questions were hardly observed but the insertion of missing morphemes while keeping the ex-situ structure. Together, our findings provide only partial support for the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis.
KW  - Akan
KW  - wh-questions
KW  - wh-in-situ
KW  - wh-ex-situ
KW  - derivational complexity
KW  - language acquisition
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.604951
SN  - 2297-900X
VL  - 2021
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne,  Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reich, Eli
T1  - The return of liberal rabbinic education to Berlin
BT  - Abraham Geiger College, Zacharias Frankel College and the School of Jewish Theology
JF  - Nordisk judaistik = Scandinavian Jewish studies
N2  - In Berlin two rabbinical seminaries, a Reform and a Conservative, have recently been established. The historical and intellectual roots of these institutions in the nineteenth century is sketched, and then contrasted with the present curriculum and the religious profile of the students. Some theological questions for the future of these projects conclude the article.
KW  - Abraham Geiger College
KW  - Zacharias Frankel College
KW  - the School of Jewish Theology
KW  - rabbinic education in Berlin
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.30752/nj.84891
SN  - 0348-1646
SN  - 2343-4929
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
SP  - 87
EP  - 92
PB  - Donner Institute
CY  - Åbo
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marcisz, Katarzyna
A1  - Jassey, Vincent E. J.
A1  - Kosakyan, Anush
A1  - Krashevska, Valentyna
A1  - Lahr, Daniel J. G.
A1  - Lara, Enrique
A1  - Lamentowicz, Lukasz
A1  - Lamentowicz, Mariusz
A1  - Macumber, Andrew
A1  - Mazei, Yuri
A1  - Mitchell, Edward A. D.
A1  - Nasser, Nawaf A.
A1  - Patterson, R. Timothy
A1  - Roe, Helen M.
A1  - Singer, David
A1  - Tsyganov, Andrey N.
A1  - Fournier, Bertrand
T1  - Testate amoeba functional traits and their use in paleoecology
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - This review provides a synthesis of current knowledge on the morphological and functional traits of testate amoebae, a polyphyletic group of protists commonly used as proxies of past hydrological changes in paleoecological investigations from peatland, lake sediment and soil archives. A trait-based approach to understanding testate amoebae ecology and paleoecology has gained in popularity in recent years, with research showing that morphological characteristics provide complementary information to the commonly used environmental inferences based on testate amoeba (morpho-)species data. We provide a broad overview of testate amoeba morphological and functional traits and trait-environment relationships in the context of ecology, evolution, genetics, biogeography, and paleoecology. As examples we report upon previous ecological and paleoecological studies that used trait-based approaches, and describe key testate amoebae traits that can be used to improve the interpretation of environmental studies. We also highlight knowledge gaps and speculate on potential future directions for the application of trait-based approaches in testate amoeba research.
KW  - protists
KW  - functional traits
KW  - morphological traits
KW  - ecology
KW  - peatlands
KW  - lakes
KW  - soils
KW  - trait-based approaches
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.575966
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grafe, Marianne
A1  - Hofmann, Phillip
A1  - Batsios, Petros
A1  - Meyer, Irene
A1  - Gräf, Ralph
T1  - In vivo assembly of a Dictyostelium lamin mutant induced by light, mechanical stress, and pH
JF  - Cells : open access journal
N2  - We expressedDictyosteliumlamin (NE81) lacking both a functional nuclear localization signal and a CAAX-box for C-terminal lipid modification. This lamin mutant assembled into supramolecular, three-dimensional clusters in the cytosol that disassembled at the onset of mitosis and re-assembled in late telophase, thus mimicking the behavior of the endogenous protein. As disassembly is regulated by CDK1-mediated phosphorylation at serine 122, we generated a phosphomimetic S122E mutant called GFP-NE81-S122E-Delta NLS Delta CLIM. Surprisingly, during imaging, the fusion protein assembled into cytosolic clusters, similar to the protein lacking the phosphomimetic mutation. Clusters disassembled again in the darkness. Assembly could be induced with blue but not green or near ultraviolet light, and it was independent of the fusion tag. Assembly similarly occurred upon cell flattening. Earlier reports and own observations suggested that both blue light and cell flattening could result in a decrease of intracellular pH. Indeed, keeping the cells at low pH also reversibly induced cluster formation. Our results indicate that lamin assembly can be induced by various stress factors and that these are transduced via intracellular acidification. Although these effects have been shown in a phosphomimetic CDK1 mutant of theDictyosteliumlamin, they are likely relevant also for wild-type lamin.
KW  - lamin
KW  - NE81
KW  - Dictyostelium
KW  - nuclear envelope
KW  - nuclear lamina
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9081834
SN  - 2073-4409
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neumann, Bettina
A1  - Wollenberger, Ulla
T1  - Electrochemical biosensors employing natural and artificial heme peroxidases on semiconductors
JF  - Sensors
N2  - Heme peroxidases are widely used as biological recognition elements in electrochemical biosensors for hydrogen peroxide and phenolic compounds. Various nature-derived and fully synthetic heme peroxidase mimics have been designed and their potential for replacing the natural enzymes in biosensors has been investigated. The use of semiconducting materials as transducers can thereby offer new opportunities with respect to catalyst immobilization, reaction stimulation, or read-out. This review focuses on approaches for the construction of electrochemical biosensors employing natural heme peroxidases as well as various mimics immobilized on semiconducting electrode surfaces. It will outline important advances made so far as well as the novel applications resulting thereof.
KW  - electrochemical biosensors
KW  - heme
KW  - peroxidases
KW  - semiconductors
KW  - peroxidase mimics
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133692
SN  - 1424-8220
VL  - 20
IS  - 13
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Streck, Charlotte
T1  - Who owns REDD+?
BT  - carbon markets, carbon rights and entitlements to REDD+ finance
JF  - Forests
N2  - The question of who is entitled to benefit from transactions under the United Nations framework to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) remains one of the most controversial issues surrounding cooperative efforts to reduce deforestation in developing countries. REDD+ has been conceived as an international framework to encourage voluntary efforts in developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance carbon removals from forest activities. It was designed as an international framework under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to enable the generation of emission reductions and removals (ERRs) at the national-and, provisionally, the subnational-level and is, thus, primarily a creature of international law. However, in defining forest carbon ERRs, the international framework competes with national emission trading systems and domestic REDD+ legislation as well as private standards that define units traded on the voluntary carbon market. As results-based and carbon market systems emerge, the question remains: Who can claim participation in REDD+ and voluntary carbon market projects? The existence of different international, national and private standards that value ERRs poses a challenge to countries that participate in REDD+ as well as to communities and private actors participating in voluntary carbon market projects. This paper seeks to clarify the nature and limitation of rights pertaining to REDD+ market transactions. It also links the notion of carbon rights to both carbon markets and government's decision on benefit sharing. Applying a legal lens, this paper helps to understand the various claims and underlying rights to participate in REDD+ transactions and addresses ambiguities that can lead to conflict around REDD+ implementation. The definition of carbon rights and the legal nature of carbon credits depend on local law and differ between countries. However, by categorizing carbon rights, the paper summarizes several legal considerations that are relevant for regulating REDD+ and sharing the financial benefits of transacting ERRs.
KW  - REDD plus
KW  - REDD+
KW  - avoided deforestation
KW  - voluntary carbon markets
KW  - emissions
KW  - trading
KW  - carbon rights
KW  - benefit sharing
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/f11090959
SN  - 1999-4907
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Everardo Pérez, Flavio Omar
A1  - Osorio, Mauricio
T1  - Towards an answer set programming methodology for constructing programs following a semi-automatic approach
BT  - extended and revised version
JF  - Electronic notes in theoretical computer science
N2  - Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a successful rule-based formalism for modeling and solving knowledge-intense combinatorial (optimization) problems. Despite its success in both academic and industry, open challenges like automatic source code optimization, and software engineering remains. This is because a problem encoded into an ASP might not have the desired solving performance compared to an equivalent representation. Motivated by these two challenges, this paper has three main contributions. First, we propose a developing process towards a methodology to implement ASP programs, being faithful to existing methods. Second, we present ASP encodings that serve as the basis from the developing process. Third, we demonstrate the use of ASP to reverse the standard solving process. That is, knowing answer sets in advance, and desired strong equivalent properties, “we” exhaustively reconstruct ASP programs if they exist. This paper was originally motivated by the search of propositional formulas (if they exist) that represent the semantics of a new aggregate operator. Particularly, a parity aggregate. This aggregate comes as an improvement from the already existing parity (xor) constraints from xorro, where lacks expressiveness, even though these constraints fit perfectly for reasoning modes like sampling or model counting. To this end, this extended version covers the fundaments from parity constraints as well as the xorro system. Hence, we delve a little more in the examples and the proposed methodology over parity constraints. Finally, we discuss our results by showing the only representation available, that satisfies different properties from the classical logic xor operator, which is also consistent with the semantics of parity constraints from xorro.
KW  - answer set programming
KW  - combinatorial optimization problems
KW  - parity aggregate operator
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2020.10.004
SN  - 1571-0661
VL  - 354
SP  - 29
EP  - 44
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Christopher Ashwood, Wout Bittremieux
A1  - Bittremieux, Wout
A1  - Deutsch, Eric W.
A1  - Doncheva, Nadezhda T.
A1  - Dorfer, Viktoria
A1  - Gabriels, Ralf
A1  - Gorshkov, Vladimir
A1  - Gupta, Surya
A1  - Jones, Andrew R.
A1  - Käll, Lukas
A1  - Kopczynski, Dominik
A1  - Lane, Lydie
A1  - Lautenbacher, Ludwig
A1  - Legeay, Marc
A1  - Locard-Paulet, Marie
A1  - Mesuere, Bart
A1  - Sachsenberg, Timo
A1  - Salz, Renee
A1  - Samaras, Patroklos
A1  - Schiebenhoefer, Henning
A1  - Schmidt, Tobias
A1  - Schwämmle, Veit
A1  - Soggiu, Alessio
A1  - Uszkoreit, Julian
A1  - Van Den Bossche, Tim
A1  - Van Puyvelde, Bart
A1  - Van Strien, Joeri
A1  - Verschaffelt, Pieter
A1  - Webel, Henry
A1  - Willems, Sander
A1  - Perez-Riverolab, Yasset
A1  - Netz, Eugen
A1  - Pfeuffer, Julianus
T1  - Proceedings of the EuBIC-MS 2020 Developers’ Meeting
JF  - EuPA Open Proteomics
N2  - The 2020 European Bioinformatics Community for Mass Spectrometry (EuBIC-MS) Developers’ meeting was held from January 13th to January 17th 2020 in Nyborg, Denmark. Among the participants were scientists as well as developers working in the field of computational mass spectrometry (MS) and proteomics. The 4-day program was split between introductory keynote lectures and parallel hackathon sessions. During the latter, the participants developed bioinformatics tools and resources addressing outstanding needs in the community. The hackathons allowed less experienced participants to learn from more advanced computational MS experts, and to actively contribute to highly relevant research projects. We successfully produced several new tools that will be useful to the proteomics community by improving data analysis as well as facilitating future research. All keynote recordings are available on https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3890181.
KW  - computational mass spectrometry
KW  - proteomics
KW  - bioinformatics
KW  - spectrum clustering
KW  - phosphoproteomics
KW  - XIC extraction
KW  - proteomics graph networks
KW  - predicted spectra
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euprot.2020.11.001
SN  - 2212-9685
VL  - 24
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Urbach, Dietmar
A1  - Awiszus, Friedemann
A1  - Leiß, Sven
A1  - Venton, Tamsin
A1  - De Specht, Alexander Vincent
A1  - Apfelbacher, Christian
T1  - Associations of medications with lower odds of typical COVID-19 symptoms
BT  - cross-sectional symptom surveillance study
JF  - JMIR public health and surveillance
N2  - Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread across the globe, the search for an effective medication to treat the symptoms of COVID-19 continues as well. It would be desirable to identify a medication that is already in use for another condition and whose side effect profile and safety data are already known and approved.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different medications on typical COVID-19 symptoms by using data from an online surveillance survey.
Methods: Between early April and late-July 2020, a total of 3654 individuals in Lower Saxony, Germany, participated in an online symptom-tracking survey conducted through the app covid-nein-danke.de. The questionnaire comprised items on typical COVID-19 symptoms, age range, gender, employment in patient-facing healthcare, housing status, postal code, previous illnesses, permanent medication, vaccination status, results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibody tests for COVID-19 diagnosis, and consequent COVID-19 treatment if applicable. Odds ratio estimates with corresponding 95% CIs were computed for each medication and symptom by using logistic regression models.
Results: Data analysis suggested a statistically significant inverse relationship between typical COVID-19 symptoms self-reported by the participants and self-reported statin therapy and, to a lesser extent, antihypertensive therapy. When COVID-19 diagnosis was based on restrictive symptom criteria (ie, presence of 4 out of 7 symptoms) or a positive RT-PCR test, a statistically significant association was found solely for statins (odds ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.1-0.78).
Conclusions: Individuals taking statin medication are more likely to have asymptomatic COVID-19, in which case they may be at an increased risk of transmitting the disease unknowingly. We suggest that the results of this study be incorporated into symptoms-based surveillance and decision-making protocols in regard to COVID-19 management. Whether statin therapy has a beneficial effect in combating COVID-19 cannot be deduced based on our findings and should be investigated by further study.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - SARS-CoV-2
KW  - statins
KW  - antihypertensives
KW  - surveillance
KW  - hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors;online survey
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2196/22521
SN  - 2369-2960
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
PB  - JMIR Publications
CY  - Toronto
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zingraff-Hamed, Aude
A1  - Hüesker, Frank
A1  - Lupp, Gerd
A1  - Begg, Chloe
A1  - Huang, Josh
A1  - Oen, Amy M. P.
A1  - Vojinović, Zoran
A1  - Kuhlicke, Christian
A1  - Pauleit, Stephan
T1  - Stakeholder mapping to co-create nature-based solutions
BT  - who is on board?
JF  - Sustainability
N2  - Nature-based solutions (NBS) are inspired and supported by nature but designed by humans. Historically, governmental stakeholders have aimed to control nature using a top-down approach; more recently, environmental governance has shifted to collaborative planning. Polycentric governance and co-creation procedures, which include a large spectrum of stakeholders, are assumed to be more effective in the management of public goods than traditional approaches. In this context, NBS projects should benefit from strong collaborative governance models, and the European Union is facilitating and encouraging such models. While some theoretical approaches exist, setting-up the NBS co-creation process (namely co-design and co-implementation) currently relies mostly on self-organized stakeholders rather than on strategic decisions. As such, systematic methods to identify relevant stakeholders seem to be crucial to enable higher planning efficiency, reduce bottlenecks and time needed for planning, designing, and implementing NBS. In this context, this contribution is based on the analysis of 16 NBS and 359 stakeholders. Real-life constellations are compared to theoretical typologies, and a systematic stakeholder mapping method to support co-creation is presented. Rather than making one-fit-all statements about the "right" stakeholders, the contribution provides insights for those "in charge" to strategically consider who might be involved at each stage of the NBS project.
KW  - ecosystem-based
KW  - natural hazard mitigation
KW  - participative planning
KW  - co-design
KW  - polycentric governance
KW  - living labs
KW  - societal resilience
KW  - sustainable development goals
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208625
SN  - 2071-1050
VL  - 12
IS  - 20
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - de Brito, Mariana Madruga
A1  - Kuhlicke, Christian
A1  - Marx, Andreas
T1  - Near-real-time drought impact assessment
BT  - a text mining approach on the 2018/19 drought in Germany
JF  - Environmental research letters
N2  - Contemporary drought impact assessments have been constrained due to data availability, leading to an incomplete representation of impact trends. To address this, we present a novel method for the comprehensive and near-real-time monitoring of drought socio-economic impacts based on media reports. We tested its application using the case of the exceptional 2018/19 German drought. By employing text mining techniques, 4839 impact statements were identified, relating to livestock, agriculture, forestry, fires, recreation, energy and transport sectors. An accuracy of 95.6% was obtained for their automatic classification. Furthermore, high levels of performance in terms of spatial and temporal precision were found when validating our results against independent data (e.g. soil moisture, average precipitation, population interest in droughts, crop yield and forest fire statistics). The findings highlight the applicability of media data for rapidly and accurately monitoring the propagation of drought consequences over time and space. We anticipate our method to be used as a starting point for an impact-based early warning system.
KW  - drought impacts
KW  - Germany
KW  - text analytics
KW  - newspaper
KW  - validation
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aba4ca
SN  - 1748-9326
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
PB  - IOP Publ.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schuster, Dirk
T1  - Exclusive border crossing considerations on exclusive, inner-religious demarcations
JF  - Interdisciplinary journal for religion and transformation in contemporary society : J-RaT
N2  - From 1933, the inner Protestant 'German Christians Church Movement' from Thuringia took control over some Protestant regional churches in Germany. For the German Christians the main motives of their agitation were the creation of a 'volkisch' belief system based on race, Christianity and 'dejudaization' (of Christianity). <br /> Based on the theoretical considerations of spaces, boundaries and exclusion, the article uses the example of the German Christians to show under which conditions individuals are denied entry into an imaginary religious space. 'Exclusivist border crossings,' as this phenomena is named here on the theoretical perspective, can explain how religious arguments exclude people from entering a religious space such as salvation when the access criteria are linked to birth-related conditions.
KW  - space
KW  - border
KW  - social imaginaries
KW  - race
KW  - Third Reich
KW  - Protestantism
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.30965/23642807-00502009
SN  - 2365-3140
SN  - 2364-2807
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
SP  - 469
EP  - 492
PB  - Brill
CY  - Leiden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Paraskevopoulou, Sofia
A1  - Dennis, Alice B.
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Temperature-dependent life history and transcriptomic responses in heat-tolerant versus heat-sensitive Brachionus rotifers
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Thermal stress response is an essential physiological trait that determines occurrence and temporal succession in nature, including response to climate change. We compared temperature-related demography in closely related heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive Brachionus rotifer species. We found significant differences in heat response, with the heat-sensitive species adopting a strategy of long survival and low population growth, while the heat-tolerant followed the opposite strategy. In both species, we examined the genetic basis of physiological variation by comparing gene expression across increasing temperatures. Comparative transcriptomic analyses identified shared and opposing responses to heat. Interestingly, expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) was strikingly different in the two species and mirrored differences in population growth rates, showing that hsp genes are likely a key component of a species’ adaptation to different temperatures. Temperature induction caused opposing patterns of expression in further functional categories including energy, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and in genes related to ribosomal proteins. In the heat-sensitive species, elevated temperatures caused up-regulation of genes related to meiosis induction and post-translational histone modifications. This work demonstrates the sweeping reorganizations of biological functions that accompany temperature adaptation in these two species and reveals potential molecular mechanisms that might be activated for adaptation to global warming.
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Oyster Crassostrea-gigas
KW  - cryptic species complex
KW  - pacific oyster
KW  - thermal-stress
KW  - genetic differentiation
KW  - expression patterns
KW  - molecular phylogeny
KW  - shock proteins
KW  - evolutionary
KW  - hsp70
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70173-0
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 10
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gross, Stephanie
A1  - Claus, Philip
A1  - Wohlsein, Peter
A1  - Kesselring, Tina
A1  - Lakemeyer, Jan
A1  - Reckendorf, Anja
A1  - Roller, Marco
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Siebert, Ursula
T1  - Indication of lethal interactions between a solitary bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the German Baltic Sea
JF  - BMC zoology
N2  - Background Aggressive interactions between bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) have been reported in different parts of the world since the late 1990s. In the Baltic Sea, harbor porpoises are the only native cetacean species, while bottlenose dolphins may appear there temporarily. In the fall of 2016, a solitary male photo-identified bottlenose dolphin stayed in the German Baltic Sea of Schleswig-Holstein for 3 months. During that time, the necropsies of the stranded harbor porpoises revealed types of trauma of varying degrees in six animals, which is unusual in this area. The purpose of this study was to determine if the appearance of the bottlenose dolphin could be linked to the trauma of the harbor porpoise carcasses. Results Pathological findings in these animals included subcutaneous, thoracic and abdominal hemorrhages, multiple, mainly bilateral, rib fractures, and one instance of lung laceration. These findings correspond with the previously reported dolphin-caused injuries in other regions. Moreover, public sighting reports showed a spatial and temporal correlation between the appearance of the dolphin and the stranding of fatally injured harbor porpoises. Conclusion Despite the fact that no attack has been witnessed in German waters to date, our findings indicate the first record of lethal interactions between a bottlenose dolphin and harbor porpoises in the German Baltic Sea. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first report of porpoise aggression by a socially isolated bottlenose dolphin.
KW  - Cetaceans
KW  - Interspecific aggression
KW  - Porpicide
KW  - Blunt trauma
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Stranding
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-020-00061-7
SN  - 2056-3132
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo
T1  - Die Tabula Traiana und Drăgans Decebalus: symbolische Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Serbien und Rumänien an der Donau
JF  - thersites
N2  - Since 2004 a giant portrait of the ancient Dacian king Decebalus can be seen by people visiting the Đerdap national park in Serbia or sailing along the Danube. The location is carefully chosen: the ancient king is located on the other side of the river, within the Romanian Parcul Natural Porțile de Fier, but is carved in the rock so to look in the direction from where, at the beginning of the 2nd century CE, the Romans came to move war to him and his people. Not by chance, on the Serbian side of the river and not far away from the sculpture is the Tabula Traiana, a Roman inscription celebrating the opening of the Roman road leading here in 100 CE. This article moves from the role of ancient Rome in the historical cultures and national identities of the two countries facing each other here, Serbia and Romania, in order to explain how the Romans represented a ‘contested identity’ and therefore why, at the end of the 20th century, the Romanian nationalistic millionaire G. C. Drăgan decided to invest a humongous quantity of money in the realization of the sculpture of Decebalus.
KW  - Trajan
KW  - Tabula Traiana
KW  - Iron Gates
KW  - Serbia
KW  - Romania
KW  - Drăgan
KW  - Thracians
KW  - Dacians
KW  - Decebalus
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol10.101
VL  - 2019
IS  - 10
SP  - 94
EP  - 127
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo
T1  - Review of Helen Roche & Kyriakos Demetriou: Brill’s Companion to the Classics, Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany
JF  - thersites 10: Modern Identities and Classical Antiquity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol10.144
VL  - 2019
IS  - 10
SP  - 234
EP  - 238
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo
A1  - Gori, Maja
T1  - Preface
JF  - thersites 10: Modern Identities and Classical Antiquity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol10.159
VL  - 2019
IS  - 10
SP  - i
EP  - vi
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koonce, Michael
A1  - Tikhonenko, Irina
A1  - Gräf, Ralph
T1  - Dictyostelium cell fixation
BT  - two simple tricks
JF  - Methods and protocols
N2  - We share two simple modifications to enhance the fixation and imaging of relatively small, motile, and rounded model cells. These include cell centrifugation and the addition of trace amounts of glutaraldehyde to existing fixation methods. Though they need to be carefully considered in each context, they have been useful to our studies of the spatial relationships of the microtubule cytoskeletal system.
KW  - Dictyostelium
KW  - cell fixation
KW  - microscopy
KW  - microtubule
KW  - cytoskeleton
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/mps3030047
SN  - 2409-9279
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Börnert-Ringleb, Moritz
A1  - Westphal, Andrea
A1  - Zaruba, Nicole
A1  - Gutmann, Franziska
A1  - Vock, Miriam
T1  - The relationship between attitudes toward inclusion, beliefs about teaching and learning, and subsequent automatic evaluations amongst student teachers
JF  - Frontiers in education
N2  - Teachers' attitudes toward inclusion are frequently cited as being an important predictor of how successfully a given inclusive school system is implemented. At the same time, beliefs about the nature of teaching and learning are discussed as a possible predictor of attitudes toward inclusion. However, more recent research emphasizes the need of considering implicit processes, such as automatic evaluations, when describing attitudes and beliefs. Previous evidence on the association of attitudes toward inclusion and beliefs about teaching and learning is solely based on explicit reports. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between attitudes toward inclusion, beliefs about teaching and learning, and the subsequent automatic evaluations of pre-service teachers (N = 197). The results revealed differences between pre-service teachers' explicit attitudes/beliefs and their subsequent automatic evaluations. Differences in the relationship between attitudes toward inclusion and beliefs about teaching and learning occur when teachers focus either on explicit measures or automatic evaluations. These differences might be due to different facets of the same attitude object being represented. Relying solely on either explicit measures or automatic evaluations at the exclusion of the other might lead to erroneous assumptions about the relation of attitudes toward inclusion and beliefs about teaching and learning.
KW  - inclusion
KW  - attitudes
KW  - teaching
KW  - automatic evaluation
KW  - beliefs
KW  - implicit
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.584464
SN  - 2504-284X
VL  - 5
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheibel, Willy
A1  - Trapp, Matthias
A1  - Limberger, Daniel
A1  - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich
T1  - A taxonomy of treemap visualization techniques
JF  - Science and Technology Publications
N2  - A treemap is a visualization that has been specifically designed to facilitate the exploration of tree-structured data and, more general, hierarchically structured data. The family of visualization techniques that use a visual metaphor for parent-child relationships based “on the property of containment” (Johnson, 1993) is commonly referred to as treemaps. However, as the number of variations of treemaps grows, it becomes increasingly important to distinguish clearly between techniques and their specific characteristics. This paper proposes to discern between Space-filling Treemap TS, Containment Treemap TC, Implicit Edge Representation Tree TIE, and Mapped Tree TMT for classification of hierarchy visualization techniques and highlights their respective properties. This taxonomy is created as a hyponymy, i.e., its classes have an is-a relationship to one another: TS TC TIE TMT. With this proposal, we intend to stimulate a discussion on a more unambiguous classification of treemaps and, furthermore, broaden what is understood by the concept of treemap itself.
KW  - Treemaps
KW  - Taxonomy
Y1  - 2020
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Hagedoorn, Liselotte
A1  - Bubeck, Philip
T1  - Potential linkages between social capital, flood risk perceptions, and self-efficacy
JF  - International journal of disaster risk science
N2  - A growing focus is being placed on both individuals and communities to adapt to flooding as part of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. Adaptation to flooding requires sufficient social capital (linkages between members of society), risk perceptions (understanding of risk), and self-efficacy (self-perceived ability to limit disaster impacts) to be effective. However, there is limited understanding of how social capital, risk perceptions, and self-efficacy interact. We seek to explore how social capital interacts with variables known to increase the likelihood of successful adaptation. To study these linkages we analyze survey data of 1010 respondents across two communities in Thua Tien-Hue Province in central Vietnam, using ordered probit models. We find positive correlations between social capital, risk perceptions, and self-efficacy overall. This is a partly contrary finding to what was found in previous studies linking these concepts in Europe, which may be a result from the difference in risk context. The absence of an overall negative exchange between these factors has positive implications for proactive flood risk adaptation.
KW  - flood risk
KW  - protection motivation theory
KW  - risk perceptions
KW  - social
KW  - capital
KW  - self-efficacy
KW  - Vietnam
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-020-00259-w
SN  - 2095-0055
SN  - 2192-6395
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
SP  - 251
EP  - 262
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Banerjee, Pallavi
A1  - Lipowsky, Reinhard
A1  - Santer, Mark
T1  - Coarse-grained molecular model for the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor with and without protein
JF  - Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
N2  - Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors are a unique class of complex glycolipids that anchor a great variety of proteins to the extracellular leaflet of plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells. These anchors can exist either with or without an attached protein called GPI-anchored protein (GPI-AP) both in vitro and in vivo. Although GPIs are known to participate in a broad range of cellular functions, it is to a large extent unknown how these are related to GPI structure and composition. Their conformational flexibility and microheterogeneity make it difficult to study them experimentally. Simplified atomistic models are amenable to all-atom computer simulations in small lipid bilayer patches but not suitable for studying their partitioning and trafficking in complex and heterogeneous membranes. Here, we present a coarse-grained model of the GPI anchor constructed with a modified version of the MARTINI force field that is suited for modeling carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in an aqueous environment using MARTINI's polarizable water. The nonbonded interactions for sugars were reparametrized by calculating their partitioning free energies between polar and apolar phases. In addition, sugar-sugar interactions were optimized by adjusting the second virial coefficients of osmotic pressures for solutions of glucose, sucrose, and trehalose to match with experimental data. With respect to the conformational dynamics of GPI-anchored green fluorescent protein, the accessible time scales are now at least an order of magnitude larger than for the all-atom system. This is particularly important for fine-tuning the mutual interactions of lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids when comparing to experimental results. We discuss the prospective use of the coarse-grained GPI model for studying protein-sorting and trafficking in membrane models.
KW  - Martini force-field
KW  - osmotic-pressure
KW  - potential-functions
KW  - aqueous-solution
KW  - dynamics
KW  - coefficient
KW  - simulation
KW  - trypanosoma
KW  - transition
KW  - parameters
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00056
SN  - 1549-9626
SN  - 1549-9618
VL  - 16
IS  - 6
PB  - ACS Publications
CY  - Washington DC
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartung, Niklas
A1  - Borghardt, Jens Markus
T1  - A mechanistic framework for a priori pharmacokinetic predictions of orally inhaled drugs
JF  - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal
N2  - Author summary <br /> The use of orally inhaled drugs for treating lung diseases is appealing since they have the potential for lung selectivity, i.e. high exposure at the site of action -the lung- without excessive side effects. However, the degree of lung selectivity depends on a large number of factors, including physiochemical properties of drug molecules, patient disease state, and inhalation devices. To predict the impact of these factors on drug exposure and thereby to understand the characteristics of an optimal drug for inhalation, we develop a predictive mathematical framework (a "pharmacokinetic model"). In contrast to previous approaches, our model allows combining knowledge from different sources appropriately and its predictions were able to adequately predict different sets of clinical data. Finally, we compare the impact of different factors and find that the most important factors are the size of the inhaled particles, the affinity of the drug to the lung tissue, as well as the rate of drug dissolution in the lung. In contrast to the common belief, the solubility of a drug in the lining fluids is not found to be relevant. These findings are important to understand how inhaled drugs should be designed to achieve best treatment results in patients. <br /> The fate of orally inhaled drugs is determined by pulmonary pharmacokinetic processes such as particle deposition, pulmonary drug dissolution, and mucociliary clearance. Even though each single process has been systematically investigated, a quantitative understanding on the interaction of processes remains limited and therefore identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics for orally inhaled drugs is still challenging. To investigate this complex interplay, the pulmonary processes can be integrated into mathematical models. However, existing modeling attempts considerably simplify these processes or are not systematically evaluated against (clinical) data. In this work, we developed a mathematical framework based on physiologically-structured population equations to integrate all relevant pulmonary processes mechanistically. A tailored numerical resolution strategy was chosen and the mechanistic model was evaluated systematically against data from different clinical studies. Without adapting the mechanistic model or estimating kinetic parameters based on individual study data, the developed model was able to predict simultaneously (i) lung retention profiles of inhaled insoluble particles, (ii) particle size-dependent pharmacokinetics of inhaled monodisperse particles, (iii) pharmacokinetic differences between inhaled fluticasone propionate and budesonide, as well as (iv) pharmacokinetic differences between healthy volunteers and asthmatic patients. Finally, to identify the most impactful optimization criteria for orally inhaled drugs, the developed mechanistic model was applied to investigate the impact of input parameters on both the pulmonary and systemic exposure. Interestingly, the solubility of the inhaled drug did not have any relevant impact on the local and systemic pharmacokinetics. Instead, the pulmonary dissolution rate, the particle size, the tissue affinity, and the systemic clearance were the most impactful potential optimization parameters. In the future, the developed prediction framework should be considered a powerful tool for identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008466
SN  - 1553-734X
SN  - 1553-7358
VL  - 16
IS  - 12
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Canitz, Julia
A1  - Kirschbaum, Frank
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Transcriptome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms related to electric organ discharge differentiation among African weakly electric fish species
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - African weakly electric fish of the mormyrid genus Campylomormyrus generate pulse-type electric organ discharges (EODs) for orientation and communication. Their pulse durations are species-specific and elongated EODs are a derived trait. So far, differential gene expression among tissue-specific transcriptomes across species with different pulses and point mutations in single ion channel genes indicate a relation of pulse duration and electrocyte geometry/excitability. However, a comprehensive assessment of expressed Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the entire transcriptome of African weakly electric fish, with the potential to identify further genes influencing EOD duration, is still lacking. This is of particular value, as discharge duration is likely based on multiple cellular mechanisms and various genes. Here we provide the first transcriptome-wide SNP analysis of African weakly electric fish species (genus Campylomormyrus) differing by EOD duration to identify candidate genes and cellular mechanisms potentially involved in the determination of an elongated discharge of C. tshokwe. Non-synonymous substitutions specific to C. tshokwe were found in 27 candidate genes with inferred positive selection among Campylomormyrus species. These candidate genes had mainly functions linked to transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Further, by comparing gene annotations between C. compressirostris (ancestral short EOD) and C. tshokwe (derived elongated EOD), we identified 27 GO terms and 2 KEGG pathway categories for which C. tshokwe significantly more frequently exhibited a species-specific expressed substitution than C. compressirostris. The results indicate that transcriptional regulation as well cell proliferation and differentiation take part in the determination of elongated pulse durations in C. tshokwe. Those cellular processes are pivotal for tissue morphogenesis and might determine the shape of electric organs supporting the observed correlation between electrocyte geometry/tissue structure and discharge duration. The inferred expressed SNPs and their functional implications are a valuable resource for future investigations on EOD durations.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240812
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Risch, Lucie
A1  - Stoll, Josefine
A1  - Schomöller, Anne
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Cassel, Michael
T1  - Intraindividual Doppler Flow Response to Exercise Differs Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Achilles Tendons
JF  - Frontiers in physiology
N2  - Objective: This study investigated intraindividual differences of intratendinous blood flow (IBF) in response to running exercise in participants with Achilles tendinopathy.

Design: This is a cross-sectional study.

Setting: The study was conducted at the University Outpatient Clinic.

Participants: Sonographic detectable intratendinous blood flow was examined in symptomatic and contralateral asymptomatic Achilles tendons of 19 participants (42 ± 13 years, 178 ± 10 cm, 76 ± 12 kg, VISA-A 75 ± 16) with clinically diagnosed unilateral Achilles tendinopathy and sonographic evident tendinosis.

Intervention: IBF was assessed using Doppler ultrasound “Advanced Dynamic Flow” before (Upre) and 5, 30, 60, and 120 min (U5–U120) after a standardized submaximal constant load run.

Main Outcome Measure: IBF was quantified by counting the number (n) of vessels in each tendon.

Results: At Upre, IBF was higher in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic tendons [mean 6.3 (95% CI: 2.8–9.9) and 1.7 (0.4–2.9), p < 0.01]. Overall, 63% of symptomatic and 47% of asymptomatic Achilles tendons responded to exercise, whereas 16 and 11% showed persisting IBF and 21 and 42% remained avascular throughout the investigation. At U5, IBF increased in both symptomatic and asymptomatic tendons [difference to baseline: 2.4 (0.3–4.5) and 0.9 (0.5–1.4), p = 0.05]. At U30 to U120, IBF was still increased in symptomatic but not in asymptomatic tendons [mean difference to baseline: 1.9 (0.8–2.9) and 0.1 (-0.9 to 1.2), p < 0.01].

Conclusion: Irrespective of pathology, 47–63% of Achilles tendons responded to exercise with an immediate acute physiological IBF increase by an average of one to two vessels (“responders”). A higher amount of baseline IBF (approximately five vessels) and a prolonged exercise-induced IBF response found in symptomatic ATs indicate a pain-associated altered intratendinous “neovascularization.”
KW  - achilles tendinopathy
KW  - tendinosis
KW  - neovascularization
KW  - ultrasound
KW  - advanced dynamic flow
KW  - sonography
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.617497
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kolyvushko, Oleksandr
A1  - Latzke, Juliane
A1  - Dahmani, Ismail
A1  - Osterrieder, Nikolaus
A1  - Chiantia, Salvatore
A1  - Azab, Walid
T1  - Differentially-charged liposomes interact with alphaherpesviruses and interfere with virus entry
JF  - Pathogens
N2  - Exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is induced by infection with several members of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. There is evidence that PS is used by the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) during entry, but the exact role of PS and other phospholipids in the entry process remains unknown. Here, we investigated the interaction of differently charged phospholipids with virus particles and determined their influence on infection. Our data show that liposomes containing negatively charged PS or positively charged DOTAP (N-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium) inhibited EHV-1 infection, while neutral phosphatidylcholine (PC) had no effect. Inhibition of infection with PS was transient, decreased with time, and was dose dependent. Our findings indicate that both cationic and anionic phospholipids can interact with the virus and reduce infectivity, while, presumably, acting through different mechanisms. Charged phospholipids were found to have antiviral effects and may be used to inhibit EHV-1 infection.
KW  - alphaherpesvirus
KW  - EHV-1
KW  - phosphatidylserine
KW  - inhibition
KW  - pathogen host
KW  - interaction
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050359
SN  - 2076-0817
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mendel, Ralf R.
A1  - Hercher, Thomas W.
A1  - Zupok, Arkadiusz
A1  - Hasnat, Muhammad Abrar
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
T1  - The requirement of inorganic Fe-S clusters for the biosynthesis of the organometallic molybdenum cofactor
JF  - Inorganics : open access journal
N2  - Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are essential protein cofactors. In enzymes, they are present either in the rhombic [2Fe-2S] or the cubic [4Fe-4S] form, where they are involved in catalysis and electron transfer and in the biosynthesis of metal-containing prosthetic groups like the molybdenum cofactor (Moco). Here, we give an overview of the assembly of Fe-S clusters in bacteria and humans and present their connection to the Moco biosynthesis pathway. In all organisms, Fe-S cluster assembly starts with the abstraction of sulfur froml-cysteine and its transfer to a scaffold protein. After formation, Fe-S clusters are transferred to carrier proteins that insert them into recipient apo-proteins. In eukaryotes like humans and plants, Fe-S cluster assembly takes place both in mitochondria and in the cytosol. Both Moco biosynthesis and Fe-S cluster assembly are highly conserved among all kingdoms of life. Moco is a tricyclic pterin compound with molybdenum coordinated through its unique dithiolene group. Moco biosynthesis begins in the mitochondria in a Fe-S cluster dependent step involving radical/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) chemistry. An intermediate is transferred to the cytosol where the dithiolene group is formed, to which molybdenum is finally added. Further connections between Fe-S cluster assembly and Moco biosynthesis are discussed in detail.
KW  - Moco biosynthesis
KW  - Fe-S cluster assembly
KW  - l-cysteine desulfurase
KW  - ISC
KW  - SUF
KW  - NIF
KW  - iron
KW  - molybdenum
KW  - sulfur
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics8070043
SN  - 2304-6740
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Potts, Jonathan R.
A1  - Schlägel, Ulrike E.
T1  - Parametrizing diffusion-taxis equations from animal movement trajectories using step selection analysis
JF  - Methods in ecology and evolution : an official journal of the British Ecological Society
N2  - Mathematical analysis of partial differential equations (PDEs) has led to many insights regarding the effect of organism movements on spatial population dynamics. However, their use has mainly been confined to the community of mathematical biologists, with less attention from statistical and empirical ecologists. We conjecture that this is principally due to the inherent difficulties in fitting PDEs to data. To help remedy this situation, in the context of movement ecology, we show how the popular technique of step selection analysis (SSA) can be used to parametrize a class of PDEs, calleddiffusion-taxismodels, from an animal's trajectory. We examine the accuracy of our technique on simulated data, then demonstrate the utility of diffusion-taxis models in two ways. First, for non-interacting animals, we derive the steady-state utilization distribution in a closed analytic form. Second, we give a recipe for deriving spatial pattern formation properties that emerge from interacting animals: specifically, do those interactions cause heterogeneous spatial distributions to emerge and if so, do these distributions oscillate at short times or emerge without oscillations? The second question is applied to data on concurrently tracked bank volesMyodes glareolus. Our results show that SSA can accurately parametrize diffusion-taxis equations from location data, providing the frequency of the data is not too low. We show that the steady-state distribution of our diffusion-taxis model, where it is derived, has an identical functional form to the utilization distribution given by resource selection analysis (RSA), thus formally linking (fine scale) SSA with (broad scale) RSA. For the bank vole data, we show how our SSA-PDE approach can give predictions regarding the spatial aggregation and segregation of different individuals, which are difficult to predict purely by examining results of SSA. Our methods provide a user-friendly way into the world of PDEs, via a well-used statistical technique, which should lead to tighter links between the findings of mathematical ecology and observations from empirical ecology. By providing a non-speculative link between observed movement behaviours and space use patterns on larger spatio-temporal scales, our findings will also aid integration of movement ecology into understanding spatial species distributions.
KW  - advection-diffusion
KW  - animal movement
KW  - home range
KW  - movement ecology
KW  - partial differential equations
KW  - resource selection
KW  - step selection
KW  - taxis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13406
SN  - 2041-210X
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
SP  - 1092
EP  - 1105
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Levy, Jessica
A1  - Mussack, Dominic
A1  - Brunner, Martin
A1  - Keller, Ulrich
A1  - Cardoso-Leite, Pedro
A1  - Fischbach, Antoine
T1  - Contrasting classical and machine learning approaches in the estimation of value-added scores in large-scale educational data
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - There is no consensus on which statistical model estimates school value-added (VA) most accurately. To date, the two most common statistical models used for the calculation of VA scores are two classical methods: linear regression and multilevel models. These models have the advantage of being relatively transparent and thus understandable for most researchers and practitioners. However, these statistical models are bound to certain assumptions (e.g., linearity) that might limit their prediction accuracy. Machine learning methods, which have yielded spectacular results in numerous fields, may be a valuable alternative to these classical models. Although big data is not new in general, it is relatively new in the realm of social sciences and education. New types of data require new data analytical approaches. Such techniques have already evolved in fields with a long tradition in crunching big data (e.g., gene technology). The objective of the present paper is to competently apply these "imported" techniques to education data, more precisely VA scores, and assess when and how they can extend or replace the classical psychometrics toolbox. The different models include linear and non-linear methods and extend classical models with the most commonly used machine learning methods (i.e., random forest, neural networks, support vector machines, and boosting). We used representative data of 3,026 students in 153 schools who took part in the standardized achievement tests of the Luxembourg School Monitoring Program in grades 1 and 3. Multilevel models outperformed classical linear and polynomial regressions, as well as different machine learning models. However, it could be observed that across all schools, school VA scores from different model types correlated highly. Yet, the percentage of disagreements as compared to multilevel models was not trivial and real-life implications for individual schools may still be dramatic depending on the model type used. Implications of these results and possible ethical concerns regarding the use of machine learning methods for decision-making in education are discussed.
KW  - value-added modeling
KW  - school effectiveness
KW  - machine learning
KW  - model
KW  - comparison
KW  - longitudinal data
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02190
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 11
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thulin, Mirjam
A1  - Krah, Markus
A1  - Gausemeier, Bernd
A1  - Mecklenburg, Frank
A1  - Oehme, Annegret
A1  - Tamás, Máté
A1  - Gerlach, Lisa
A1  - Gräbe, Viktoria
A1  - Wermke, Michael
A1  - Oleshkevich, Ekaterina
A1  - Arnold, Rafael D.
A1  - Wendehorst, Stephan
A1  - Talabardon, Susanne
A1  - Mays, Devi
A1  - Müller, Judith
A1  - Herskovitz, Yaakov
A1  - Garloff, Katja
A1  - Kellenbach, Katharina von
A1  - Held, Marcus
A1  - Grözinger, Karl Erich
ED  - Thulin, Mirjam
ED  - Krah, Markus
ED  - Pick, Bianca
T1  - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany = Jewish Families and Kinship in the Early Modern and Modern Eras
T2  - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien
T2  - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany
N2  - The Jewish family has been the subject of much admiration and analysis, criticism and myth-making, not just but especially in modern times. As a field of inquiry, its place is at the intersection – or in the shadow – of the great topics in Jewish Studies and its contributing disciplines. Among them are the modernization and privatization of Judaism and Jewish life; integration and distinctiveness of Jews as individuals and as a group; gender roles and education. These and related questions have been the focus of modern Jewish family research, which took shape as a discipline in the 1910s.

This issue of PaRDeS traces the origins of academic Jewish family research and takes stock of its development over a century, with its ruptures that have added to the importance of familial roots and continuities. A special section retrieves the founder of the field, Arthur Czellitzer (1871–1943), his biography and work from oblivion and places him in the context of early 20th-century science and Jewish life.

The articles on current questions of Jewish family history reflect the topic’s potential for shedding new light on key questions in Jewish Studies past and present. Their thematic range – from 13th-century Yiddish Arthurian romances via family-based business practices in 19th-century Hungary and Germany, to concepts of Jewish parenthood in Imperial Russia – illustrates the broad interest in Jewish family research as a paradigm for early modern and modern Jewish Studies.
T3  - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. - 26 
KW  - Modern Jewish history
KW  - family history
KW  - early modern history
KW  - Jewish Studies
KW  - genealogy
KW  - Moderne Jüdische Geschichte
KW  - Familiengeschichte
KW  - Frühe Neuzeit
KW  - Jüdische Studien
KW  - Genealogie
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473654
SN  - 978-3-86956-493-7
SN  - 1614-6492
SN  - 1862-7684
IS  - 26
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Walzer, Christine
T1  - Fehler fördern Entwicklung
BT  - eine Analyse mit der Felix-App zur Visualisierung von Emotionen und Leistungsfähigkeit im  Biologieunterricht
T3  - Lern dich glücklich - Arbeiten zum prozessorientierten Lehren und Lernen
N2  - Emotionen und Gefühle von Lehrenden und Lernenden werden im Schullalltag bedauerlicherweise zu wenig berücksichtigt, obwohl die Forschung vielfältige Ergebnisse zum Einfluss von Emotionen auf die Lern- und Leistungsbereitschaft beigetragen hat. Allerdings fehlt es aktuell an tragfähigen Konzepten für die konkrete Nutzung und Umsetzung dieses Wissens in der Schule. 
Frau Christine Walzer testet im Rahmen ihrer Arbeit die von Benjamin Apelojg entwickelte FELIX-App, die Emotionen und Bedürfnisse von Lerngruppen aufnimmt und spiegelt. Der Fokus wird auf eine Unterrichtstunde mit dem Schwerpunkt Lernen aus Fehlern gesetzt. Neben dem Zusammenhang zwischen provozierten Fehlern und Emotionen, soll insbesondere der Einsatz der FELIX-App analysiert werden. Hierzu wurde die FELIX-App in Biologie-Kursen eines Gymnasiums eingesetzt. Die Schüler*innen wurden neben einem Pre- und Postfragebogen direkt im Unterricht mit der Felix-App zu ihren Emotionen in bestimmten Lernkontexten befragt. Die Arbeit bietet sowohl eine vertiefte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema „Emotionen im schulischen Kontext“, als auch einen Einblick in das Konzept der prozessorientierten Didaktik und zeigt beispielhaft den Einsatz der FELIX-App. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse sprechen sehr für eine weitere Einbindung von Emotions-orientierten Abfragen und für eine offenere Fehlerkultur im Unterricht.
T3  - Lern dich glücklich - Arbeiten zum prozessorientierten Lehren und Lernen - 3 
KW  - Emotionen
KW  - FELIX-App
KW  - prozessorientierte Didaktik
KW  - Lernen aus Fehlern
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474652
SN  - 2568-4515
IS  - 3
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Siddiqi, Muhammad Ali
A1  - Dörr, Christian
A1  - Strydis, Christos
T1  - IMDfence
BT  - architecting a secure protocol for implantable medical devices
JF  - IEEE access
N2  - Over the past decade, focus on the security and privacy aspects of implantable medical devices (IMDs) has intensified, driven by the multitude of cybersecurity vulnerabilities found in various existing devices. However, due to their strict computational, energy and physical constraints, conventional security protocols are not directly applicable to IMDs. Custom-tailored schemes have been proposed instead which, however, fail to cover the full spectrum of security features that modern IMDs and their ecosystems so critically require. In this paper we propose IMDfence, a security protocol for IMD ecosystems that provides a comprehensive yet practical security portfolio, which includes availability, non-repudiation, access control, entity authentication, remote monitoring and system scalability. The protocol also allows emergency access that results in the graceful degradation of offered services without compromising security and patient safety. The performance of the security protocol as well as its feasibility and impact on modern IMDs are extensively analyzed and evaluated. We find that IMDfence achieves the above security requirements at a mere less than 7% increase in total IMD energy consumption, and less than 14 ms and 9 kB increase in system delay and memory footprint, respectively.
KW  - protocols
KW  - implants
KW  - authentication
KW  - ecosystems
KW  - remote monitoring
KW  - scalability
KW  - authentication protocol
KW  - battery-depletion attack
KW  - battery
KW  - DoS
KW  - denial-of-service attack
KW  - IMD
KW  - implantable medical device
KW  - non-repudiation
KW  - smart card
KW  - zero-power defense
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3015686
SN  - 2169-3536
VL  - 8
SP  - 147948
EP  - 147964
PB  - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
CY  - Piscataway
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinze, Johannes
T1  - Herbivory by aboveground insects impacts plant root morphological traits
JF  - Plant ecology : an international journal
N2  - Aboveground herbivory induces physiological responses, like the release of belowground chemical defense and storage of secondary metabolites, as well as physical responses in plants, like increased root biomass production. However, studies on effects of aboveground herbivory on root morphology are scarce and until now no study tested herbivory effects under natural conditions for a large set of plant species. Therefore, in a field experiment on plant-soil interactions, I investigated the effect of aboveground insect herbivory on root morphological traits of 20 grassland plant species. For 9 of the 20 species, all individuals showed shoot damage in the presence of insect herbivores, but no damage in insect herbivore exclusions. In these 9 species root biomass increased and root morphological traits changed under herbivory towards thinner roots with increased specific root surface. In contrast, the remaining species did not differ in the number of individuals damaged, root biomass nor morphological traits with herbivores present vs. absent. The fact that aboveground herbivory resulted in thinner roots with increased specific root surface area for all species in which the herbivore exclusion manipulation altered shoot damage might indicate that plants increase nutrient uptake in response to herbivory. However, more importantly, results provide empirical evidence that aboveground herbivory impacts root morphological traits of plants. As these traits are important for the occupation of soil space, uptake processes, decomposition and interactions with soil biota, results suggest that herbivory-induced changes in root morphology might be of importance for plant-soil feedbacks and plant-plant competition.
KW  - herbivory
KW  - root traits
KW  - specific root length
KW  - specific root surface
KW  - area
KW  - plant-soil feedback
KW  - competition
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-020-01045-w
SN  - 1385-0237
SN  - 1573-5052
VL  - 221
IS  - 8
SP  - 725
EP  - 732
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grafe, Marianne
A1  - Hofmann, Phillip
A1  - Batsios, Petros
A1  - Meyer, Irene
A1  - Gräf, Ralph
T1  - In vivo assembly of a Dictyostelium lamin mutant induced by light, mechanical stress, and pH
JF  - Cells
N2  - We expressed Dictyostelium lamin (NE81) lacking both a functional nuclear localization signal and a CAAX-box for C-terminal lipid modification. This lamin mutant assembled into supramolecular, three-dimensional clusters in the cytosol that disassembled at the onset of mitosis and re-assembled in late telophase, thus mimicking the behavior of the endogenous protein. As disassembly is regulated by CDK1-mediated phosphorylation at serine 122, we generated a phosphomimetic S122E mutant called GFP-NE81-S122E-∆NLS∆CLIM. Surprisingly, during imaging, the fusion protein assembled into cytosolic clusters, similar to the protein lacking the phosphomimetic mutation. Clusters disassembled again in the darkness. Assembly could be induced with blue but not green or near ultraviolet light, and it was independent of the fusion tag. Assembly similarly occurred upon cell flattening. Earlier reports and own observations suggested that both blue light and cell flattening could result in a decrease of intracellular pH. Indeed, keeping the cells at low pH also reversibly induced cluster formation. Our results indicate that lamin assembly can be induced by various stress factors and that these are transduced via intracellular acidification. Although these effects have been shown in a phosphomimetic CDK1 mutant of the Dictyostelium lamin, they are likely relevant also for wild-type lamin.
KW  - lamin
KW  - NE81
KW  - Dictyostelium
KW  - nuclear envelope
KW  - nuclear lamina
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wyrwa, Ulrich
T1  - Rezension zu: Brenner, Michael: Der lange Schatten der Revolution :  Juden und Antisemiten in Hitlers München 1918 bis 1923. - Berlin: Jüdischer Verlag im Suhrkamp Verlag, 2019. - 300 S. - ISBN 978-3-633-54295-6
JF  - Quest : Issues in Contemporary Jewish History ; journal of Fondazione CDEC
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.48248/issn.2037-741X/1842
SN  - 2037-741X
IS  - 17
SP  - 222
EP  - 225
PB  - Fondazione Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea
CY  - Milano
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schroedter, Linda
A1  - Schneider, Roland
A1  - Remus, Lisa
A1  - Venus, Joachim
T1  - L-(+)-lactic acid from reed
BT  - comparing various resources for the nutrient provision of B. coagulans
JF  - Resources
N2  - Biotechnological production of lactic acid (LA) is based on the so-called first generation feedstocks, meaning sugars derived from food and feed crops such as corn, sugarcane and cassava. The aim of this study was to exploit the potential of a second generation resource: Common reed (Phragmites australis) is a powerfully reproducing sweet grass which grows in wetlands and creates vast monocultural populations. This lignocellulose biomass bears the possibility to be refined to value-added products, without competing with agro industrial land. Besides utilizing reed as a renewable and inexpensive substrate, low-cost nutritional supplementation was analyzed for the fermentation of thermophilicBacilluscoagulans.Various nutritional sources such as baker's and brewer's yeast, lucerne green juice and tryptone were investigated for the replacement of yeast extract. The structure of the lignocellulosic material was tackled by chemical treatment (1% NaOH) and enzymatic hydrolysis (Cellic(R)CTec2).B.coagulansDSM ID 14-300 was employed for the homofermentative conversion of the released hexose and pentose sugars to polymerizable L-(+)-LA of over 99.5% optical purity. The addition of autolyzed baker's yeast led to the best results of fermentation, enabling an LA titer of 28.3 g L(-1)and a yield of 91.6%.
KW  - lignocellulose
KW  - reed
KW  - Phragmites australis
KW  - lactic acid
KW  - Bacillus
KW  - coagulans
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/resources9070089
SN  - 2079-9276
VL  - 9
IS  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zagrebnov, Valentin
T1  - Trotter product formula on Hilbert and Banach spaces for operator-norm convergence
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-471971
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
SP  - 23
EP  - 34
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zass, Alexander
T1  - A Gibbs point process of diffusions: Existence and uniqueness
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-471951
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 13
EP  - 22
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sukiasyan, Hayk
A1  - Melkonyan, Tatev
T1  - Semi-recursive algorithm of piecewise linear approximation of two-dimensional function by the method of worst segment dividing
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-471982
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 35
EP  - 44
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boldrighini, Carlo
A1  - Frigio, Sandro
A1  - Maponi, Pierluigi
A1  - Pellegrinotti, Alessandro
A1  - Sinai, Yakov G.
T1  - 3-D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: Complex blow-up and related real flows
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472201
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 185
EP  - 194
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Figari, Rodolfo
A1  - Teta, Alessandro
T1  - Zero-range hamiltonians for three quantum particles
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472189
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 175
EP  - 184
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Houdebert, Pierre
T1  - Numerical study for the phase transition of the area-interaction model
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472177
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 165
EP  - 174
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jansen, Sabine
A1  - Kuna, Tobias
A1  - Tsagkarogiannis, Dimitrios
T1  - Virial inversion for inhomogeneous systems
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472111
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 135
EP  - 144
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hryniv, Ostap
A1  - Wallace, Clare
T1  - Phase separation and sharp large deviations
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472168
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 155
EP  - 164
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jansen, Sabine
A1  - Kolesnikov, Leonid
T1  - Activity expansions for Gibbs correlation functions
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472121
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 145
EP  - 154
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jansen, Sabine
A1  - Tsagkarogiannis, Dimitrios
T1  - Mayer expansion for the Asakura-Oosawa model of colloid theory
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472109
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 127
EP  - 134
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Piatnitski, Andrey
A1  - Zhizhina, Elena
T1  - Non-local convolution type parabolic equations with fractional and regular time derivative
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472024
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 65
EP  - 67
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jursenas, Rytis
T1  - The peak model for finite rank supersingular perturbations
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472090
IS  - 6
SP  - 117
EP  - 126
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mazzonetto, Sara
T1  - On an approximation of 2-D stochastic Navier-Stokes equations
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472053
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 87
EP  - 96
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pechersky, Eugeny
A1  - Pirogov, Sergei
A1  - Yambartsev, Anatoly
T1  - Large emissions
BT  - Hawking-Penrose black hole model
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472049
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 77
EP  - 86
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Poghosyan, Suren
A1  - Zessin, Hans
T1  - Construction of limiting Gibbs processes and the uniqueness of Gibbs processes
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472015
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 55
EP  - 64
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lykov, Alexander
A1  - Malyshev, Vadim
T1  - When bounded chaos becomes unbounded
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472060
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 97
EP  - 106
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Khachatryan, Linda
A1  - Nahapetian, Boris
T1  - On direct and inverse problems in the description of lattice random fields
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472083
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 107
EP  - 116
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rafler, Mathias
T1  - Pinned Gibbs processes
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472007
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 45
EP  - 53
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, Monika
T1  - Das Schutzgesuch des Moyses Samuel
BT  - eine landesgeschichtliche Kommentierung
JF  - Genisa Blätter III
KW  - Genisa
KW  - Jüdische Studien
KW  - Geniza
KW  - Jewish Studies
KW  - Franken
KW  - Landesgeschichte
KW  - Ländliches Judentum
KW  - Franconia
KW  - Rural Jewry
KW  - regional history
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470942
SN  - 978-3-86956-470-8
SP  - 59
EP  - 65
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, Monika
T1  - Moyses Samuel – ein Schutzjude in Westfalen und Reckendorf?
BT  - einleitende Bemerkungen zu zwei Genisaquellen
JF  - Genisa Blätter III
KW  - Genisa
KW  - Jüdische Studien
KW  - Geniza
KW  - Jewish Studies
KW  - Franken
KW  - Landesgeschichte
KW  - Ländliches Judentum
KW  - Franconia
KW  - Rural Jewry
KW  - regional history
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470921
SN  - 978-3-86956-470-8
SP  - 41
EP  - 41
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Haratsch, Andreas
T1  - Die Geschichte der Menschenrechte
T3  - Studien zu Grund- und Menschenrechten
N2  - Menschenrechte lassen sich begreifen als Antworten auf exemplarische Unrechtserfahrungen, und ihr Grundanliegen ist es, die natürliche Freiheit des Menschen gegenüber ungerechtfertigten Beschränkungen durch die von Staaten und heute auch von supranationalen Organisationen ausgeübte Hoheitsgewalt zu schützen. Sie sind somit nicht nur elementare Rechtsverbürgungen. Sie künden auch von der Rolle des Individuums in der Gemeinschaft, und in ihnen spiegelt sich die Vorstellung vom Staat. Menschenrechte gelten als Errungenschaft der Neuzeit. Die geistesgeschichtlichen Wurzeln dieser mit der Natur des Menschen untrennbar verknüpften Rechte reichen jedoch weit zurück. Das vorliegende Werk zeichnet die historische Entwicklung der Menschenrechte von der Antike bis in die heutige Zeit nach.
T3  - Studien zu Grund- und Menschenrechten - 7 
KW  - Geschichte
KW  - Menschenrechte
KW  - Recht
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-479883
SN  - 978-3-86956-499-9
SN  - 1435-9154
N1  - Andreas Haratsch ist Professor an der FernUniversität in Hagen. Er ist dort Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Deutsches und Europäisches Verfassungs- und Verwaltungsrecht sowie Völkerrecht und Direktor des Dimitris-Tsatsos-Instituts für Europäische Verfassungswissenschaften.
IS  - 7
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ET  - 5. Auflage
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boekstegers, Felix
A1  - Marcelain, Katherine
A1  - Barahona Ponce, Carol
A1  - Baez Benavides, Pablo F.
A1  - Müller, Bettina
A1  - de Toro, Gonzalo
A1  - Retamales, Javier
A1  - Barajas, Olga
A1  - Ahumada, Monica
A1  - Aleksandrova, Krasimira
A1  - Bermejo, Justo Lorenzo
T1  - ABCB1/4 gallbladder cancer risk variants identified in India also show strong effects in Chileans
JF  - Cancer Epidemiology
N2  - Background: The first large-scale genome-wide association study of gallbladder cancer (GBC) recently identified and validated three susceptibility variants in the ABCB1 and ABCB4 genes for individuals of Indian descent. We investigated whether these variants were also associated with GBC risk in Chileans, who show the highest incidence of GBC worldwide, and in Europeans with a low GBC incidence.
Methods: This population-based study analysed genotype data from retrospective Chilean case-control (255 cases, 2042 controls) and prospective European cohort (108 cases, 181 controls) samples consistently with the original publication.
Results: Our results confirmed the reported associations for Chileans with similar risk effects. Particularly strong associations (per-allele odds ratios close to 2) were observed for Chileans with high Native American (=Mapuche) ancestry. No associations were noticed for Europeans, but the statistical power was low.
Conclusion: Taking full advantage of genetic and ethnic differences in GBC risk may improve the efficiency of current prevention programs.
KW  - cancer epidemiology
KW  - gallbladder cancer
KW  - native American ancestry
KW  - population-specific risk marker
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 65
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Chen
A1  - Stoma, Svetlana
A1  - Lotta, Luca A.
A1  - Warner, Sophie
A1  - Albrecht, Eva
A1  - Allione, Alessandra
A1  - Arp, Pascal P.
A1  - Broer, Linda
A1  - Buxton, Jessica L.
A1  - Boeing, Heiner
A1  - Langenberg, Claudia
A1  - Codd, Veryan
T1  - Genome-wide association analysis in humans links nucleotide metabolism to leukocyte telomere length
JF  - American Journal of Human Genetics
N2  - Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a heritable biomarker of genomic aging. In this study, we perform a genome-wide meta-analysis of LTL by pooling densely genotyped and imputed association results across large-scale European-descent studies including up to 78,592 individuals. We identify 49 genomic regions at a false dicovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 threshold and prioritize genes at 31, with five highlighting nucleotide metabolism as an important regulator of LTL. We report six genome-wide significant loci in or near SENP7, MOB1B, CARMIL1 , PRRC2A, TERF2, and RFWD3, and our results support recently identified PARP1, POT1, ATM, and MPHOSPH6 loci. Phenome-wide analyses in >350,000 UK Biobank participants suggest that genetically shorter telomere length increases the risk of hypothyroidism and decreases the risk of thyroid cancer, lymphoma, and a range of proliferative conditions. Our results replicate previously reported associations with increased risk of coronary artery disease and lower risk for multiple cancer types. Our findings substantially expand current knowledge on genes that regulate LTL and their impact on human health and disease.
KW  - Mendelian randomization
KW  - risk
KW  - variants
KW  - disease
KW  - cancer
KW  - loci
KW  - database
KW  - genes
KW  - heart
KW  - gwas
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 106
IS  - 3
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Noonan, Michael J.
A1  - Fleming, Christen H.
A1  - Tucker, Marlee A.
A1  - Kays, Roland
A1  - Harrison, Autumn-Lynn
A1  - Crofoot, Margaret C.
A1  - Abrahms, Briana
A1  - Alberts, Susan C.
A1  - Ali, Abdullahi H.
A1  - Blaum, Niels
T1  - Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements
JF  - Conservation Biology
N2  - Accurately quantifying species' area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area requirements of mammals <10 kg were underestimated by a mean approximately15%, and species weighing approximately100 kg were underestimated by approximately50% on average. Thus, we found area estimation was subject to autocorrelation-induced bias that was worse for large species. Combined with the fact that extinction risk increases as body mass increases, the allometric scaling of bias we observed suggests the most threatened species are also likely to be those with the least accurate home-range estimates. As a correction, we tested whether data thinning or autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation minimized the scaling effect of autocorrelation on area estimates. Data thinning required an approximately93% data loss to achieve statistical independence with 95% confidence and was, therefore, not a viable solution. In contrast, autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation resulted in consistently accurate estimates irrespective of mass. When relating body mass to home range size, we detected that correcting for autocorrelation resulted in a scaling exponent significantly >1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum.
KW  - allometry
KW  - animal movement
KW  - area-based conservation
KW  - autocorrelation
KW  - home range
KW  - kernel density estimation
KW  - reserve design
KW  - scaling
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 34
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rabovsky, Milena
T1  - Change in a probabilistic representation of meaning can account for N400 effects on articles: a neural network model
JF  - Neuropsychologia
N2  - Increased N400 amplitudes on indefinite articles (a/an) incompatible with expected nouns have been initially taken as strong evidence for probabilistic pre-activation of phonological word forms, and recently been intensely debated because they have been difficult to replicate. Here, these effects are simulated using a neural network model of sentence comprehension that we previously used to simulate a broad range of empirical N400 effects. The model produces the effects when the cue validity of the articles concerning upcoming noun meaning in the learning environment is high, but fails to produce the effects when the cue validity of the articles is low due to adjectives presented between articles and nouns during training. These simulations provide insight into one of the factors potentially contributing to the small size of the effects in empirical studies and generate predictions for cross-linguistic differences in article induced N400 effects based on articles’ cue validity. The model accounts for article induced N400 effects without assuming pre-activation of word forms, and instead simulates these effects as the stimulus-induced change in a probabilistic representation of meaning corresponding to an implicit semantic prediction error.
KW  - N400
KW  - ERPs
KW  - prediction
KW  - neural networks
KW  - cue validity
KW  - meaning
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 143
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schittko, Conrad
A1  - Bernard-Verdier, Maud
A1  - Heger, Tina
A1  - Buchholz, Sascha
A1  - Kowarik, Ingo
A1  - von der Lippe, Moritz
A1  - Seitz, Birgit
A1  - Joshi, Jasmin Radha
A1  - Jeschke, Jonathan M.
T1  - A multidimensional framework for measuring biotic novelty: How novel is a community?
JF  - Global Change Biology
N2  - Anthropogenic changes in climate, land use, and disturbance regimes, as well as introductions of non-native species can lead to the transformation of many ecosystems. The resulting novel ecosystems are usually characterized by species assemblages that have not occurred previously in a given area. Quantifying the ecological novelty of communities (i.e., biotic novelty) would enhance the understanding of environmental change. However, quantification remains challenging since current novelty metrics, such as the number and/or proportion of non-native species in a community, fall short of considering both functional and evolutionary aspects of biotic novelty. Here, we propose the Biotic Novelty Index (BNI), an intuitive and flexible multidimensional measure that combines (a) functional differences between native and non-native introduced species with (b) temporal dynamics of species introductions. We show that the BNI is an additive partition of Rao's quadratic entropy, capturing the novel interaction component of the community's functional diversity. Simulations show that the index varies predictably with the relative amount of functional novelty added by recently arrived species, and they illustrate the need to provide an additional standardized version of the index. We present a detailed R code and two applications of the BNI by (a) measuring changes of biotic novelty of dry grassland plant communities along an urbanization gradient in a metropolitan region and (b) determining the biotic novelty of plant species assemblages at a national scale. The results illustrate the applicability of the index across scales and its flexibility in the use of data of different quality. Both case studies revealed strong connections between biotic novelty and increasing urbanization, a measure of abiotic novelty. We conclude that the BNI framework may help building a basis for better understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of global change.
KW  - alien species
KW  - biological invasions
KW  - coexistence
KW  - ecological novelty
KW  - functional diversity
KW  - novel ecosystems
KW  - novel species
KW  - standard metrics
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 26
IS  - 8
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New Jersey
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Lisa
A1  - Wilbert, Jürgen
A1  - Lehofer, Mike
A1  - Schwab, Susanne
T1  - Are we good friends?
BT  - Friendship preferences and the quantity and quality of mutual friendships
JF  - European Journal of Special Needs Education
N2  - Empirical studies already examined various facets of the friendship construct. Building on this, the present study examines the questions of how the number of friendships and their quality differ between students with and without SEN and whether a homophily-effect can be identified. The sample consists of 455 fourth-graders from 28 inclusive classes in Austria. The results indicate that students with SEN have fewer friends than students without SEN. Furthermore, students without SEN preferred peers without SEN as a friend. This homophily-effect was shown for students with SEN, too. However, students with and without SEN rated the quality of their friendships similarly and no interactions between the SEN status of oneself or of the friend was found for the quality of the friendship. The results show that, in the context of inclusion, the issue of friendship needs to be increasingly addressed to improve the situation of students with SEN.
KW  - social participation
KW  - friendship
KW  - quality of friendship
KW  - homophily
KW  - sociometric nomination
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 36
IS  - 4
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - König, Christian
A1  - Weigelt, Patrick
A1  - Taylor, Amanda
A1  - Stein, Anke
A1  - Dawson, Wayne
A1  - Essl, Franz
A1  - Pergl, Jan
A1  - Pyšek, Petr
A1  - Kleunen, Mark van
A1  - Winter, Marten
A1  - Chatelain, Cyrille
A1  - Wieringa, Jan J.
A1  - Krestov, Pavel
A1  - Kreft, Holger
T1  - Source pools and disharmony of the world’s island floras
JF  - Ecography
N2  - Island disharmony refers to the biased representation of higher taxa on islands compared to their mainland source regions and represents a central concept in island biology. Here, we develop a generalizable framework for approximating these source regions and conduct the first global assessment of island disharmony and its underlying drivers. We compiled vascular plant species lists for 178 oceanic islands and 735 mainland regions. Using mainland data only, we modelled species turnover as a function of environmental and geographic distance and predicted the proportion of shared species between each island and mainland region. We then quantified the over- or under-representation of families on individual islands (representational disharmony) by contrasting the observed number of species against a null model of random colonization from the mainland source pool, and analysed the effects of six family-level functional traits on the resulting measure. Furthermore, we aggregated the values of representational disharmony per island to characterize overall taxonomic bias of a given flora (compositional disharmony), and analysed this second measure as a function of four island biogeographical variables. Our results indicate considerable variation in representational disharmony both within and among plant families. Examples of generally over-represented families include Urticaceae, Convolvulaceae and almost all pteridophyte families. Other families such as Asteraceae and Orchidaceae were generally under-represented, with local peaks of over-representation in known radiation hotspots. Abiotic pollination and a lack of dispersal specialization were most strongly associated with an insular over-representation of families, whereas other family-level traits showed minor effects. With respect to compositional disharmony, large, high-elevation islands tended to have the most disharmonic floras. Our results provide important insights into the taxon- and island-specific drivers of disharmony. The proposed framework allows overcoming the limitations of previous approaches and provides a quantitative basis for incorporating functional and phylogenetic approaches into future studies of island disharmony.
KW  - assembly processes
KW  - biotic filtering
KW  - dispersal filtering
KW  - environmental filtering
KW  - generalized dissimilarity modelling
KW  - island disharmony
KW  - island syndromes
KW  - source regions
KW  - vascular plants
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lu, Yin
A1  - Dewald, Nico
A1  - Koutsodendris, Andreas
A1  - Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie
A1  - Rösler, Wolfgang
A1  - Fang, Xiaomin
A1  - Pross, Jörg
A1  - Appel, Erwin
A1  - Friedrich, Oliver
T1  - Sedimentological evidence for pronounced glacial-interglacial climate fluctuations in NE Tibet in the latest Pliocene to early Pleistocene
JF  - Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
N2  - The intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau have been argued to be among the main drivers of climate change in midlatitude Central Asia during the Pliocene/Pleistocene. While most proxy records that support this hypothesis are from regions outside the Tibetan Plateau (such as from the Chinese Loess Plateau), detailed paleoclimatic information for the plateau itself during that time has yet remained elusive. Here we present a temporally highly resolved (similar to 500 years) sedimentological record from the Qaidam Basin situated on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau that shows pronounced glacial-interglacial climate variability during the interval from 2.7 to 2.1 Ma. Glacial (interglacial) intervals are generally characterized by coarser (finer) grain size, minima (maxima) in organic matter content, and maxima (minima) in carbonate content. Comparison of our results with Earth's orbital parameters and proxy records from the Chinese Loess Plateau suggests that the observed climate fluctuations were mainly driven by changes in the Siberian High/East Asian winter monsoon system as a response to the iNHG. They are further proposed to be enhanced by the topography of the Tibetan Plateau and its impact on the position and intensity of the westerlies.
KW  - Western Qaidam Basin
KW  - grain-size distribution
KW  - lake Donggi Cona
KW  - Chinese loess
KW  - Central-Asia
KW  - transport processes
KW  - Qilian mountains
KW  - dust sources
KW  - plateau
KW  - record
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 35
IS  - 5
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New Jersey
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Christakoudi, Sofa
A1  - Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.
A1  - Muller, David C.
A1  - Freisling, Heinz
A1  - Weiderpass, Elisabete
A1  - Overvad, Kim
A1  - Söderberg, Stefan
A1  - Häggström, Christel
A1  - Pischon, Tobias
A1  - Dahm, Christina C.
A1  - Zhang, Jie
A1  - Tjønneland, Anne
A1  - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
T1  - A Body Shape Index (ABSI) achieves better mortality risk stratification than alternative indices of abdominal obesity: results from a large European cohort
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Abdominal and general adiposity are independently associated with mortality, but there is no consensus on how best to assess abdominal adiposity. We compared the ability of alternative waist indices to complement body mass index (BMI) when assessing all-cause mortality. We used data from 352,985 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for other risk factors. During a mean follow-up of 16.1 years, 38,178 participants died. Combining in one model BMI and a strongly correlated waist index altered the association patterns with mortality, to a predominantly negative association for BMI and a stronger positive association for the waist index, while combining BMI with the uncorrelated A Body Shape Index (ABSI) preserved the association patterns. Sex-specific cohort-wide quartiles of waist indices correlated with BMI could not separate high-risk from low-risk individuals within underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m(2)) or obese (BMI30 kg/m(2)) categories, while the highest quartile of ABSI separated 18-39% of the individuals within each BMI category, which had 22-55% higher risk of death. In conclusion, only a waist index independent of BMI by design, such as ABSI, complements BMI and enables efficient risk stratification, which could facilitate personalisation of screening, treatment and monitoring.
KW  - all-cause mortality
KW  - anthropometric measures
KW  - mass index
KW  - overweight
KW  - cancer
KW  - prediction
KW  - adiposity
KW  - size
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hollmann, Susanne
A1  - Frohme, Marcus
A1  - Endrullat, Christoph
A1  - Kremer, Andreas
A1  - D’Elia, Domenica
A1  - Regierer, Babette
A1  - Nechyporenko, Alina
T1  - Ten simple rules on how to write a standard operating procedure
JF  - PLOS Computational Biology
N2  - Research publications and data nowadays should be publicly available on the internet and, theoretically, usable for everyone to develop further research, products, or services. The long-term accessibility of research data is, therefore, fundamental in the economy of the research production process. However, the availability of data is not sufficient by itself, but also their quality must be verifiable. Measures to ensure reuse and reproducibility need to include the entire research life cycle, from the experimental design to the generation of data, quality control, statistical analysis, interpretation, and validation of the results. Hence, high-quality records, particularly for providing a string of documents for the verifiable origin of data, are essential elements that can act as a certificate for potential users (customers). These records also improve the traceability and transparency of data and processes, therefore, improving the reliability of results. Standards for data acquisition, analysis, and documentation have been fostered in the last decade driven by grassroot initiatives of researchers and organizations such as the Research Data Alliance (RDA). Nevertheless, what is still largely missing in the life science academic research are agreed procedures for complex routine research workflows. Here, well-crafted documentation like standard operating procedures (SOPs) offer clear direction and instructions specifically designed to avoid deviations as an absolute necessity for reproducibility. Therefore, this paper provides a standardized workflow that explains step by step how to write an SOP to be used as a starting point for appropriate research documentation.
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 16
IS  - 9
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Francisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dehnert, Maik
T1  - Sustaining the current or pursuing the new: incumbent digital transformation strategies in the financial service industry
JF  - Business Research
N2  - Digital transformation (DT) is a major challenge for traditional companies. Despite the term, DT is relatively new; its substance is not: a whole stream of research has examined the relationship between DT and firm performance with contradictory findings. Most of these studies have chosen a linear correlational approach, however, did not analyze the holistic interplay of DT dimensions, leading to firm performance. This applies especially to the mature financial services industry and the future perspectives of traditional financial service providers (FSP). Hence, it remains an open question for both research and practice what DT configurations have a positive impact on firm performance. Against this background, the aim of this exploratory study is to examine how DT dimensions are systemically connected to firm performance of incumbent FSP. Drawing on a qualitative-empirical research approach with case data from 83 FSP, we identify digital configurations along different levels of firm performance. Our findings suggest an evolution of digital configurations of FSP, leading to five empirical standard types from which only one managed to establish a profound basis of DT.
KW  - Digital transformation
KW  - Banking
KW  - Insurance
KW  - Financial services
KW  - Configurational analysis
KW  - fsQCA
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 1866-8658
VL  - 13
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kosztolowicz, Tadeusz
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Wąsik, Slawomir
A1  - Arabski, Michal
T1  - Modelling experimentally measured of ciprofloxacin antibiotic diffusion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formed in artificial sputum medium
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - We study the experimentally measured ciprofloxacin antibiotic diffusion through a gel-like artificial sputum medium (ASM) mimicking physiological conditions typical for a cystic fibrosis layer, in which regions occupied by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria are present. To quantify the antibiotic diffusion dynamics we employ a phenomenological model using a subdiffusion-absorption equation with a fractional time derivative. This effective equation describes molecular diffusion in a medium structured akin Thompson’s plumpudding model; here the ‘pudding’ background represents the ASM and the ‘plums’ represent the bacterial biofilm. The pudding is a subdiffusion barrier for antibiotic molecules that can affect bacteria found in plums. For the experimental study we use an interferometric method to determine the time evolution of the amount of antibiotic that has diffused through the biofilm. The theoretical model shows that this function is qualitatively different depending on whether or not absorption of the antibiotic in the biofilm occurs. We show that the process can be divided into three successive stages: (1) only antibiotic subdiffusion with constant biofilm parameters, (2) subdiffusion and absorption of antibiotic molecules with variable biofilm transport parameters, (3) subdiffusion and absorption in the medium but the biofilm parameters are constant again. Stage 2 is interpreted as the appearance of an intensive defence build–up of bacteria against the action of the antibiotic, and in the stage 3 it is likely that the bacteria have been inactivated. Times at which stages change are determined from the experimentally obtained temporal evolution of the amount of antibiotic that has diffused through the ASM with bacteria. Our analysis shows good agreement between experimental and theoretical results and is consistent with the biologically expected biofilm response. We show that an experimental method to study the temporal evolution of the amount of a substance that has diffused through a biofilm is useful in studying the processes occurring in a biofilm. We also show that the complicated biological process of antibiotic diffusion in a biofilm can be described by a fractional subdiffusion-absorption equation with subdiffusion and absorption parameters that change over time.
KW  - Bacterial biofilms
KW  - Antibiotics
KW  - Biofilms
KW  - Cystic fibrosis
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
KW  - Sputum
KW  - Biological defense mechanisms
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243003
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 15
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hermanns, Jolanda
T1  - Scaffolding for chemistry students – which tools are assessed as being more helpful
BT  - Stepped supporting tools or task navigators?
JF  - Chemistry Teacher International
N2  - In this paper the use of two different scaffolds in a seminar on the topic of heterocycles is discussed. The students first used both scaffolds (stepped supporting tools and a task navigator) on two tasks and could then choose for one other task the scaffold that suited them more. The scaffolds were evaluated in a mixedmethods study by the use of questionnaires and the conducting of a focus group interview. Both scaffolds were assessed as being helpful. However, students who thought they didn’t need different sorts of tips, as provided by the task navigator, chose the stepped supporting tools. All students reflected on their use of the scaffolds; their choices for one of both are therefore well-founded. As the reasons for choosing the scaffold are very individual, in future seminars both types of scaffolds will be provided.
KW  - organic chemistry
KW  - scaffolding
KW  - self-regulated learning
KW  - solving of tasks
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/cti-2020-0019
SN  - 2569-3263
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Granado, Felipe Le Vot
A1  - Abad, Enrique
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Yuste, Santos B.
T1  - Continuous time random walk in a velocity field
BT  - role of domain growth, Galilei-invariant advection-diffusion, and kinetics of particle mixing
JF  - New Journal of Physics
N2  - We consider the emerging dynamics of a separable continuous time random walk (CTRW) in the case when the random walker is biased by a velocity field in a uniformly growing domain. Concrete examples for such domains include growing biological cells or lipid vesicles, biofilms and tissues, but also macroscopic systems such as expanding aquifers during rainy periods, or the expanding Universe. The CTRW in this study can be subdiffusive, normal diffusive or superdiffusive, including the particular case of a Lévy flight. We first consider the case when the velocity field is absent. In the subdiffusive case, we reveal an interesting time dependence of the kurtosis of the particle probability density function. In particular, for a suitable parameter choice, we find that the propagator, which is fat tailed at short times, may cross over to a Gaussian-like propagator. We subsequently incorporate the effect of the velocity field and derive a bi-fractional diffusion-advection equation encoding the time evolution of the particle distribution. We apply this equation to study the mixing kinetics of two diffusing pulses, whose peaks move towards each other under the action of velocity fields acting in opposite directions. This deterministic motion of the peaks, together with the diffusive spreading of each pulse, tends to increase particle mixing, thereby counteracting the peak separation induced by the domain growth. As a result of this competition, different regimes of mixing arise. In the case of Lévy flights, apart from the non-mixing regime, one has two different mixing regimes in the long-time limit, depending on the exact parameter choice: in one of these regimes, mixing is mainly driven by diffusive spreading, while in the other mixing is controlled by the velocity fields acting on each pulse. Possible implications for encounter–controlled reactions in real systems are discussed.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - expanding medium
KW  - continuous time random walk
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab9ae2
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 22
PB  - Dt. Physikalische Ges.
CY  - Bad Honnef
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thomas, Linda
T1  - Auf dem Weg zu 100 Prozent Open Access
T1  - Bound for one-hundred percent Open Access
BT  - Fünf Jahre DFG-geförderter Publikationsfonds und die Entwicklung notwendiger Infrastruktur an der Universität Potsdam
BT  - DFG-sponsored publication funding and the development of infrastructure needed at Potsdam University – five years on
JF  - Bibliotheksdienst
N2  - Die Universität Potsdam verwaltet seit 2015 einen DFG-geförderten Publikationsfonds. In den Publikationsjahren 2015 und 2017 wurden Outputanalysen durchgeführt. Open Access ist seit 2018 ein zentraler Bestandteil des Mittelverteilungsmodells. Der Artikel thematisiert die zentralen Erkenntnisse der letzten fünf Jahre und illustriert die entstandene Infrastruktur. Außerdem werden aktuelle Herausforderungen und mögliche Lösungsansätze der Transformation auf dem Weg hin zu 100 Prozent Open Access thematisiert.
N2  - Since 2015, the University of Potsdam has been managing a publication fund sponsored by the German Research Foundation. Output analyses were carried out for the publication years 2015 and 2017. Open Access has been a key component of the fund distribution model since 2018. The article discusses key findings of the past five years and explains the infrastructure created for the task. It also discusses current challenges and possible approaches to paving the way for 100 percent Open Access publications.
KW  - Open Access
KW  - DFG
KW  - Publikationsfonds
KW  - Outputanalyse
KW  - Transformation
KW  - Etatverteilungsmodell
KW  - Zweitveröffentlichung
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/bd-2020-0069
SN  - 0006-1972
SN  - 2194-9646
VL  - 54
IS  - 7-8
SP  - 545
EP  - 558
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beta, Carsten
A1  - Gov, Nir S.
A1  - Yochelis, Arik
T1  - Why a Large-Scale Mode Can Be Essential for Understanding Intracellular Actin Waves
JF  - Cells
N2  - During the last decade, intracellular actin waves have attracted much attention due to their essential role in various cellular functions, ranging from motility to cytokinesis. Experimental methods have advanced significantly and can capture the dynamics of actin waves over a large range of spatio-temporal scales. However, the corresponding coarse-grained theory mostly avoids the full complexity of this multi-scale phenomenon. In this perspective, we focus on a minimal continuum model of activator–inhibitor type and highlight the qualitative role of mass conservation, which is typically overlooked. Specifically, our interest is to connect between the mathematical mechanisms of pattern formation in the presence of a large-scale mode, due to mass conservation, and distinct behaviors of actin waves.
KW  - nonlinear waves
KW  - actin polymerization
KW  - bifurcation theory
KW  - mass conservation
KW  - spatial localization
KW  - pattern formation
KW  - activator–inhibitor models
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061533
SN  - 2073-4409
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zoch-Lesniak, Beate
A1  - Dobberke, Jeanette
A1  - Schlitt, Axel
A1  - Bongarth, Christa
A1  - Glatz, Johannes
A1  - Spörl-Dönch, Sieglinde
A1  - Koran, Iryna
A1  - Völler, Heinz
A1  - Salzwedel, Annett
T1  - Performance Measures for Short-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients of Working Age
BT  - Results of the Prospective Observational Multicenter Registry OutCaRe
JF  - Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation
N2  - Objective: To determine immediate performance measures for short-term, multicomponent cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in clinical routine in patients of working age, taking into
account cardiovascular risk factors, physical performance, social medicine, and subjective health parameters and to explore the underlying dimensionality.
Design: Prospective observational multicenter register study in 12 rehabilitation centers throughout Germany.
Setting: Comprehensive 3-week CR.
KW  - Cardiac rehabilitation
KW  - Outcome measures
KW  - Cardiovascular diseases
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arrct.2020.100043
SN  - 2590-1095
VL  - 2
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ciaccio, Laura Anna
A1  - Burchert, Frank
A1  - Semenza, Carlo
T1  - Derivational morphology in agrammatic aphasia
BT  - a comparison between prefixed and suffixed words
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - Although a relatively large number of studies on acquired language impairments have tested the case of derivational morphology, none of these have specifically investigated whether there are differences in how prefixed and suffixed derived words are impaired. Based on linguistic and psycholinguistic considerations on prefixed and suffixed derived words, differences in how these two types of derivations are processed, and consequently impaired, are predicted. In the present study, we investigated the errors produced in reading aloud simple, prefixed, and suffixed words by three German individuals with agrammatic aphasia (NN, LG, SA). We found that, while NN and LG produced similar numbers of errors with prefixed and suffixed words, SA showed a selective impairment for prefixed words. Furthermore, NN and SA produced more errors specifically involving the affix with prefixed words than with suffixed words. We discuss our findings in terms of relative position of stem and affix in prefixed and suffixed words, as well as in terms of specific properties of prefixes and suffixes.
KW  - Broca’s aphasia
KW  - morphological decomposition
KW  - morphological errors
KW  - derivation
KW  - prefixes
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01070
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 11
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  -