TY - JOUR A1 - Trilla, Irene A1 - Drimalla, Hanna A1 - Bajbouj, Malek A1 - Dziobek, Isabel T1 - The influence of reward on facial mimicry BT - no evidence for a significant effect of oxytocin JF - Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience N2 - Recent findings suggest a role of oxytocin on the tendency to spontaneously mimic the emotional facial expressions of others. Oxytocin-related increases of facial mimicry, however, seem to be dependent on contextual factors. Given previous literature showing that people preferentially mimic emotional expressions of individuals associated with high (vs. low) rewards, we examined whether the reward value of the mimicked agent is one factor influencing the oxytocin effects on facial mimicry. To test this hypothesis, 60 male adults received 24 IU of either intranasal oxytocin or placebo in a double-blind, between-subject experiment. Next, the value of male neutral faces was manipulated using an associative learning task with monetary rewards. After the reward associations were learned, participants watched videos of the same faces displaying happy and angry expressions. Facial reactions to the emotional expressions were measured with electromyography. We found that participants judged as more pleasant the face identities associated with high reward values than with low reward values. However, happy expressions by low rewarding faces were more spontaneously mimicked than high rewarding faces. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find a significant direct effect of intranasal oxytocin on facial mimicry, nor on the reward-driven modulation of mimicry. Our results support the notion that mimicry is a complex process that depends on contextual factors, but failed to provide conclusive evidence of a role of oxytocin on the modulation of facial mimicry. KW - oxytocin KW - facial mimicry KW - reward KW - EMG KW - social modulation KW - null results Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00088 SN - 1662-5153 VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Jan Niklas A1 - Brick, Timothy R. A1 - Dziobek, Isabel T1 - Distance to the neutral face predicts arousal ratings of dynamic facial expressions in individuals with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Arousal is one of the dimensions of core affect and frequently used to describe experienced or observed emotional states. While arousal ratings of facial expressions are collected in many studies it is not well understood how arousal is displayed in or interpreted from facial expressions. In the context of socioemotional disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, this poses the question of a differential use of facial information for arousal perception. In this study, we demonstrate how automated face-tracking tools can be used to extract predictors of arousal judgments. We find moderate to strong correlations among all measures of static information on one hand and all measures of dynamic information on the other. Based on these results, we tested two measures, average distance to the neutral face and average facial movement speed, within and between neurotypical individuals (N = 401) and individuals with autism (N = 19). Distance to the neutral face was predictive of arousal in both groups. Lower mean arousal ratings were found for the autistic group, but no difference in correlation of the measures and arousal ratings could be found between groups. Results were replicated in an high autistic traits group. The findings suggest a qualitatively similar perception of arousal for individuals with and without autism. No correlations between valence ratings and any of the measures could be found, emphasizing the specificity of our tested measures. Distance and speed predictors share variability and thus speed should not be discarded as a predictor of arousal ratings. KW - arousal KW - face tracking KW - facial expression KW - autism KW - perception KW - perception differences KW - measure development Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577494 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER -