TY - JOUR A1 - Tofelde, Stefanie A1 - Bufe, Aaron A1 - Turowski, Jens M. T1 - Hillslope Sediment Supply Limits Alluvial Valley Width JF - AGU Advances N2 - River-valley morphology preserves information on tectonic and climatic conditions that shape landscapes. Observations suggest that river discharge and valley-wall lithology are the main controls on valley width. Yet, current models based on these observations fail to explain the full range of cross-sectional valley shapes in nature, suggesting hitherto unquantified controls on valley width. In particular, current models cannot explain the existence of paired terrace sequences that form under cyclic climate forcing. Paired river terraces are staircases of abandoned floodplains on both valley sides, and hence preserve past valley widths. Their formation requires alternating phases of predominantly river incision and predominantly lateral planation, plus progressive valley narrowing. While cyclic Quaternary climate changes can explain shifts between incision and lateral erosion, the driving mechanism of valley narrowing is unknown. Here, we extract valley geometries from climatically formed, alluvial river-terrace sequences and show that across our dataset, the total cumulative terrace height (here: total valley height) explains 90%–99% of the variance in valley width at the terrace sites. This finding suggests that valley height, or a parameter that scales linearly with valley height, controls valley width in addition to river discharge and lithology. To explain this valley-width-height relationship, we reformulate existing valley-width models and suggest that, when adjusting to new boundary conditions, alluvial valleys evolve to a width at which sediment removal from valley walls matches lateral sediment supply from hillslope erosion. Such a hillslope-channel coupling is not captured in current valley-evolution models. Our model can explain the existence of paired terrace sequences under cyclic climate forcing and relates valley width to measurable field parameters. Therefore, it facilitates the reconstruction of past climatic and tectonic conditions from valley topography. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021AV000641 SN - 2576-604X PB - American Geophysical Union (AGU); Wiley CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miklashevsky, Alex A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Lindemann, Oliver T1 - Spatial-numerical associations without a motor response? Grip force says ‘Yes’ JF - Acta Psychologica N2 - In numerical processing, the functional role of Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs, such as the association of smaller numbers with left space and larger numbers with right space, the Mental Number Line hypothesis) is debated. Most studies demonstrate SNAs with lateralized responses, and there is little evidence that SNAs appear when no response is required. We recorded passive holding grip forces in no-go trials during number processing. In Experiment 1, participants performed a surface numerical decision task (“Is it a number or a letter?”). In Experiment 2, we used a deeper semantic task (“Is this number larger or smaller than five?”). Despite instruction to keep their grip force constant, participants' spontaneous grip force changed in both experiments: Smaller numbers led to larger force increase in the left than in the right hand in the numerical decision task (500–700 ms after stimulus onset). In the semantic task, smaller numbers again led to larger force increase in the left hand, and larger numbers increased the right-hand holding force. This effect appeared earlier (180 ms) and lasted longer (until 580 ms after stimulus onset). This is the first demonstration of SNAs with passive holding force. Our result suggests that (1) explicit motor response is not a prerequisite for SNAs to appear, and (2) the timing and strength of SNAs are task-dependent. (216 words). KW - SNARC KW - Mental number line KW - Number processing KW - Embodied cognition KW - Grip force KW - Motor system Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103791 SN - 1873-6297 VL - 231 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindner, Nadja A1 - Moeller, Korbinian A1 - Hildebrandt, Frauke A1 - Hasselhorn, Marcus A1 - Lonnemann, Jan T1 - Children's use of egocentric reference frames in spatial language is related to their numerical magnitude understanding JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Numerical magnitude information is assumed to be spatially represented in the form of a mental number line defined with respect to a body-centred, egocentric frame of reference. In this context, spatial language skills such as mastery of verbal descriptions of spatial position (e.g., in front of, behind, to the right/left) have been proposed to be relevant for grasping spatial relations between numerical magnitudes on the mental number line. We examined 4- to 5-year-old’s spatial language skills in tasks that allow responses in egocentric and allocentric frames of reference, as well as their relative understanding of numerical magnitude (assessed by a number word comparison task). In addition, we evaluated influences of children’s absolute understanding of numerical magnitude assessed by their number word comprehension (montring different numbers using their fingers) and of their knowledge on numerical sequences (determining predecessors and successors as well as identifying missing dice patterns of a series). Results indicated that when considering responses that corresponded to the egocentric perspective, children’s spatial language was associated significantly with their relative numerical magnitude understanding, even after controlling for covariates, such as children’s SES, mental rotation skills, and also absolute magnitude understanding or knowledge on numerical sequences. This suggests that the use of egocentric reference frames in spatial language may facilitate spatial representation of numbers along a mental number line and thus seem important for preschoolers’ relative understanding of numerical magnitude. KW - spatial language KW - frames of reference KW - numerical development KW - mental number line KW - preschool children Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943191 SN - 1664-1078 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bertelmann, Roland A1 - Mittermaier, Bernhard A1 - Kostädt, Peter T1 - Transform2Open BT - Kostenmonitoring, Kriterien, Kompetenzen und Prozesse der Open-Access-Transformation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48440/os.helmholtz.054 PB - Helmholtz Open Science Office CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rezori, Roman Enzio von A1 - Buchallik, Friederike A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Validation of the German Benefit Finding Scale for youth with chronic conditions JF - Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health N2 - Background Benefit finding, defined as perceiving positive life changes resulting from adversity and negative life stressors, gains growing attention in the context of chronic illness. The study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Benefit Finding Scale for Children (BFSC) in a sample of German youth facing chronic conditions. Methods A sample of adolescents with various chronic conditions (N = 304; 12 – 21years) completed the 10-item BFSC along with measures of intra- and interpersonal resources, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life (hrQoL). The total sample was randomly divided into two subsamples for conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA/CFA). Results EFA revealed that the BFSC scores had a one-dimensional factor structure. CFA verified the one-dimensional factor structure with an acceptable fit. The BFSC exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.87 – 0.88) and construct validity. In line with our hypotheses, benefit finding was positively correlated with optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, sense of coherence, and support seeking. There were no correlations with avoidance, wishful thinking, emotional reaction, and hrQoL. Sex differences in benefit finding were not consistent across subsamples. Benefit finding was also positively associated with age, disease severity, and social status. Conclusions The BFSC is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess benefit finding in adolescents with chronic illness and may facilitate further research on positive adaptation processes in adolescents, irrespective of their specific diagnosis. KW - Measure validation KW - Chronic conditions KW - Resilience KW - Coping skills and adjustment KW - Youth Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00438-7 SN - 1753-2000 VL - 16 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Biomed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reeg, Jette A1 - Strigl, Lea A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - Agricultural buffer zone thresholds to safeguard functional bee diversity BT - Insights from a community modeling approach JF - Ecology and Evolution N2 - Wild bee species are important pollinators in agricultural landscapes. However, population decline was reported over the last decades and is still ongoing. While agricultural intensification is a major driver of the rapid loss of pollinating species, transition zones between arable fields and forest or grassland patches, i.e., agricultural buffer zones, are frequently mentioned as suitable mitigation measures to support wild bee populations and other pollinator species. Despite the reported general positive effect, it remains unclear which amount of buffer zones is needed to ensure a sustainable and permanent impact for enhancing bee diversity and abundance. To address this question at a pollinator community level, we implemented a process-based, spatially explicit simulation model of functional bee diversity dynamics in an agricultural landscape. More specifically, we introduced a variable amount of agricultural buffer zones (ABZs) at the transition of arable to grassland, or arable to forest patches to analyze the impact on bee functional diversity and functional richness. We focused our study on solitary bees in a typical agricultural area in the Northeast of Germany. Our results showed positive effects with at least 25% of virtually implemented agricultural buffer zones. However, higher amounts of ABZs of at least 75% should be considered to ensure a sufficient increase in Shannon diversity and decrease in quasi-extinction risks. These high amounts of ABZs represent effective conservation measures to safeguard the stability of pollination services provided by solitary bee species. As the model structure can be easily adapted to other mobile species in agricultural landscapes, our community approach offers the chance to compare the effectiveness of conservation measures also for other pollinator communities in future. KW - agricultural landscape KW - buffer zones KW - community model KW - functional traits KW - solitary bees KW - spatially explicit Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8748 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Wiley Online Library CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA ET - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaunath, Vera A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - Light Attraction in Carabid Beetles BT - Comparison Among Animals From the Inner City and a Dark Sky Reserve JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Artificial light at night (ALAN) is altering the behaviour of nocturnal animals in a manifold of ways. Nocturnal invertebrates are particularly affected, due to their fatal attraction to ALAN. This selective pressure has the potential to reduce the strength of the flight-to-light response in insects, as shown recently in a moth species. Here we investigated light attraction of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae).We compared among animals (three genera) from a highly light polluted (HLP) grassland in the centre of Berlin and animals collected at a low-polluted area in a Dark Sky Reserve (DSR), captured using odour bait. In an arena setting tested at night time, HLP beetles (n = 75 across all genera) showed a reduced attraction towards ALAN. Tested during daytime, HLP beetles were less active in an open field test (measured as latency to start moving), compared to DSR (n = 143). However, we did not observe a reduced attraction towards ALAN within the species most common at both sides, Calathus fuscipes (HLP = 37, DSR = 118 individuals) indicating that not all species may be equally affected by ALAN. Reduced attraction to ALAN in urban beetles may either be a result of phenotypic selection in each generation removing HLP individuals that are attracted to light, or an indication for ongoing evolutionary differentiation among city and rural populations in their light response. Reduced attraction to light sources may directly enhance survival and reproductive success of urban individuals. However, decrease in mobility may negatively influence dispersal, reproduction and foraging success, highlighting the selective pressure that light pollution may have on fitness, by shaping and modifying the behaviour of insects. KW - light pollution KW - artificial light at night (ALAN) KW - Carabidae beetles KW - environmental change KW - Illuminance KW - solar powered light-emitting diode Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.751288 SN - 2296-701X N1 - VK and JE designed the experimental set up and research question. VK performed the animal trapping, experiments and hence, data collection, and organizing of the database. Both authors performed the statistical analyses and contributed to discussion, manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version. VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, Michaela A1 - Brenne, Andreas T1 - Ästhetik - Normativität - Diversität BT - zum kunstpädagogischen Umgang mit Diversität JF - Individuelle Förderung - Heterogenität und Handlungsperspektiven in der Schule Y1 - 2022 UR - https://elibrary.utb.de/doi/book/10.36198/9783838559193 SN - 978-3-8385-5919-3 SN - 978-3-8252-5919-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.36198/9783838559193 SP - 249 EP - 259 PB - Waxmann CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liebe, Thomas A1 - Dordevic, Milos A1 - Kaufmann, Jörn A1 - Avetisyan, Araks A1 - Skalej, Martin A1 - Müller, Notger Germar T1 - Investigation of the functional pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment by localisation-based locus coeruleus resting-state fMRI JF - Human Brain Mapping N2 - Dementia as one of the most prevalent diseases urges for a better understanding of the central mechanisms responsible for clinical symptoms, and necessitates improvement of actual diagnostic capabilities. The brainstem nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is a promising target for early diagnosis because of its early structural alterations and its relationship to the functional disturbances in the patients. In this study, we applied our improved method of localisation-based LC resting-state fMRI to investigate the differences in central sensory signal processing when comparing functional connectivity (fc) of a patient group with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 28) and an age-matched healthy control group (n = 29). MCI and control participants could be differentiated in their Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE) scores (p < .001) and LC intensity ratio (p = .010). In the fMRI, LC fc to anterior cingulate cortex (FDR p < .001) and left anterior insula (FDR p = .012) was elevated, and LC fc to right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ, FDR p = .012) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC, FDR p = .021) was decreased in the patient group. Importantly, LC to rTPJ connectivity was also positively correlated to MMSE scores in MCI patients (p = .017). Furthermore, we found a hyperactivation of the left-insula salience network in the MCI patients. Our results and our proposed disease model shed new light on the functional pathogenesis of MCI by directing to attentional network disturbances, which could aid new therapeutic strategies and provide a marker for diagnosis and prediction of disease progression. KW - attention KW - locus coeruleus KW - mild cognitive impairment KW - resting-state fMRI Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26039 SN - 1097-0193 VL - 43 SP - 5630 EP - 5642 PB - Wiley CY - New York, NY, USA ET - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hauffe, Robert A1 - Rath, Michaela A1 - Agyapong, Wilson A1 - Jonas, Wenke A1 - Vogel, Heike A1 - Schulz, Tim Julius A1 - Schwarz, Maria A1 - Kipp, Anna Patricia A1 - Blüher, Matthias A1 - Kleinridders, André T1 - Obesity Hinders the Protective Effect of Selenite Supplementation on Insulin Signaling JF - Antioxidants N2 - The intake of high-fat diets (HFDs) containing large amounts of saturated long-chain fatty acids leads to obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. The trace element selenium, as a crucial part of antioxidative selenoproteins, can protect against the development of diet-induced insulin resistance in white adipose tissue (WAT) by increasing glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and insulin receptor (IR) expression. Whether selenite (Se) can attenuate insulin resistance in established lipotoxic and obese conditions is unclear. We confirm that GPX3 mRNA expression in adipose tissue correlates with BMI in humans. Cultivating 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in palmitate-containing medium followed by Se treatment attenuates insulin resistance with enhanced GPx3 and IR expression and adipocyte differentiation. However, feeding obese mice a selenium-enriched high-fat diet (SRHFD) only resulted in a modest increase in overall selenoprotein gene expression in WAT in mice with unaltered body weight development, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. While Se supplementation improved adipocyte morphology, it did not alter WAT insulin sensitivity. However, mice fed a SRHFD exhibited increased insulin content in the pancreas. Overall, while selenite protects against palmitate-induced insulin resistance in vitro, obesity impedes the effect of selenite on insulin action and adipose tissue metabolism in vivo. KW - selenite KW - insulin KW - adipose tissue KW - obesity KW - insulin resistance Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050862 SN - 2076-3921 VL - 11 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi A1 - Matthes, Daniel A1 - Marriott Haresign, Ira A1 - Bánki, Anna A1 - Michel, Christine A1 - Langeloh, Miriam A1 - Wass, Sam A1 - Hoehl, Stefanie T1 - DEEP: A dual EEG pipeline for developmental hyperscanning studies JF - Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience N2 - Cutting-edge hyperscanning methods led to a paradigm shift in social neuroscience. It allowed researchers to measure dynamic mutual alignment of neural processes between two or more individuals in naturalistic contexts. The ever-growing interest in hyperscanning research calls for the development of transparent and validated data analysis methods to further advance the field. We have developed and tested a dual electroencephalography (EEG) analysis pipeline, namely DEEP. Following the preprocessing of the data, DEEP allows users to calculate Phase Locking Values (PLVs) and cross-frequency PLVs as indices of inter-brain phase alignment of dyads as well as time-frequency responses and EEG power for each participant. The pipeline also includes scripts to control for spurious correlations. Our goal is to contribute to open and reproducible science practices by making DEEP publicly available together with an example mother-infant EEG hyperscanning dataset. KW - Developmental hyperscanning KW - Dual EEG analysis KW - Adult-child interaction KW - Phase Locking Value KW - PLV KW - Cross-frequency PLV KW - FieldTrip Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101104 SN - 1878-9307 VL - 54 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tiedemann, Kim A1 - Iobbi-Nivol, Chantal A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - The Role of the Nucleotides in the Insertion of the bis-Molybdopterin Guanine Dinucleotide Cofactor into apo-Molybdoenzymes JF - Molecules N2 - The role of the GMP nucleotides of the bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (bis-MGD) cofactor of the DMSO reductase family has long been a subject of discussion. The recent characterization of the bis-molybdopterin (bis-Mo-MPT) cofactor present in the E. coli YdhV protein, which differs from bis-MGD solely by the absence of the nucleotides, now enables studying the role of the nucleotides of bis-MGD and bis-MPT cofactors in Moco insertion and the activity of molybdoenzymes in direct comparison. Using the well-known E. coli TMAO reductase TorA as a model enzyme for cofactor insertion, we were able to show that the GMP nucleotides of bis-MGD are crucial for the insertion of the bis-MGD cofactor into apo-TorA. KW - bis-MGD KW - chaperone KW - molybdenum cofactor KW - TMAO reductase Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092993 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 27 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weithoff, Guntram A1 - Bell, Elanor Margaret T1 - Complex Trophic Interactions in an Acidophilic Microbial Community JF - Microorganisms N2 - Extreme habitats often harbor specific communities that differ substantially from non-extreme habitats. In many cases, these communities are characterized by archaea, bacteria and protists, whereas the number of species of metazoa and higher plants is relatively low. In extremely acidic habitats, mostly prokaryotes and protists thrive, and only very few metazoa thrive, for example, rotifers. Since many studies have investigated the physiology and ecology of individual species, there is still a gap in research on direct, trophic interactions among extremophiles. To fill this gap, we experimentally studied the trophic interactions between a predatory protist (Actinophrys sol, Heliozoa) and its prey, the rotifers Elosa woralli and Cephalodella sp., the ciliate Urosomoida sp. and the mixotrophic protist Chlamydomonas acidophila (a green phytoflagellate, Chlorophyta). We found substantial predation pressure on all animal prey. High densities of Chlamydomonas acidophila reduced the predation impact on the rotifers by interfering with the feeding behaviour of A. sol. These trophic relations represent a natural case of intraguild predation, with Chlamydomonas acidophila being the common prey and the rotifers/ciliate and A. sol being the intraguild prey and predator, respectively. We further studied this intraguild predation along a resource gradient using Cephalodella sp. as the intraguild prey. The interactions among the three species led to an increase in relative rotifer abundance with increasing resource (Chlamydomonas) densities. By applying a series of laboratory experiments, we revealed the complexity of trophic interactions within a natural extremophilic community. KW - acid mine drainage KW - extremophiles KW - food web KW - heliozoa KW - intraguild predation KW - mining lakes KW - Rotifera Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071340 SN - 2076-2607 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prasse, Paul A1 - Iversen, Pascal A1 - Lienhard, Matthias A1 - Thedinga, Kristina A1 - Herwig, Ralf A1 - Scheffer, Tobias T1 - Pre-Training on In Vitro and Fine-Tuning on Patient-Derived Data Improves Deep Neural Networks for Anti-Cancer Drug-Sensitivity Prediction JF - MDPI N2 - Large-scale databases that report the inhibitory capacities of many combinations of candidate drug compounds and cultivated cancer cell lines have driven the development of preclinical drug-sensitivity models based on machine learning. However, cultivated cell lines have devolved from human cancer cells over years or even decades under selective pressure in culture conditions. Moreover, models that have been trained on in vitro data cannot account for interactions with other types of cells. Drug-response data that are based on patient-derived cell cultures, xenografts, and organoids, on the other hand, are not available in the quantities that are needed to train high-capacity machine-learning models. We found that pre-training deep neural network models of drug sensitivity on in vitro drug-sensitivity databases before fine-tuning the model parameters on patient-derived data improves the models’ accuracy and improves the biological plausibility of the features, compared to training only on patient-derived data. From our experiments, we can conclude that pre-trained models outperform models that have been trained on the target domains in the vast majority of cases. KW - deep neural networks KW - drug-sensitivity prediction KW - anti-cancer drugs Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14163950 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 14 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitic, Kristina A1 - Grafe, Marianne A1 - Batsios, Petros A1 - Meyer, Irene T1 - Partial Disassembly of the Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins during Semi-Closed Mitosis in Dictyostelium discoideum JF - Cells N2 - Dictyostelium cells undergo a semi-closed mitosis, during which the nuclear envelope (NE) persists; however, free diffusion between the cytoplasm and the nucleus takes place. To permit the formation of the mitotic spindle, the nuclear envelope must be permeabilized in order to allow diffusion of tubulin dimers and spindle assembly factors into the nucleus. In Aspergillus, free diffusion of proteins between the cytoplasm and the nucleus is achieved by a partial disassembly of the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) prior to spindle assembly. In order to determine whether this is also the case in Dictyostelium, we analysed components of the NPC by immunofluorescence microscopy and live cell imaging and studied their behaviour during interphase and mitosis. We observed that the NPCs are absent from the contact area of the nucleoli and that some nucleoporins also localize to the centrosome and the spindle poles. In addition, we could show that, during mitosis, the central FG protein NUP62, two inner ring components and Gle1 depart from the NPCs, while all other tested NUPs remained at the NE. This leads to the conclusion that indeed a partial disassembly of the NPCs takes place, which contributes to permeabilisation of the NE during semi-closed mitosis. KW - nuclear pore complex KW - nucleoporins KW - semi-closed mitosis KW - centrosome KW - Dictyostelium Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11030407 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 11 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mattis, Toni A1 - Beckmann, Tom A1 - Rein, Patrick A1 - Hirschfeld, Robert T1 - First-class concepts BT - Reified architectural knowledge beyond dominant decompositions JF - Journal of object technology : JOT / ETH Zürich, Department of Computer Science N2 - Ideally, programs are partitioned into independently maintainable and understandable modules. As a system grows, its architecture gradually loses the capability to accommodate new concepts in a modular way. While refactoring is expensive and not always possible, and the programming language might lack dedicated primary language constructs to express certain cross-cutting concerns, programmers are still able to explain and delineate convoluted concepts through secondary means: code comments, use of whitespace and arrangement of code, documentation, or communicating tacit knowledge.
Secondary constructs are easy to change and provide high flexibility in communicating cross-cutting concerns and other concepts among programmers. However, such secondary constructs usually have no reified representation that can be explored and manipulated as first-class entities through the programming environment.
In this exploratory work, we discuss novel ways to express a wide range of concepts, including cross-cutting concerns, patterns, and lifecycle artifacts independently of the dominant decomposition imposed by an existing architecture. We propose the representation of concepts as first-class objects inside the programming environment that retain the capability to change as easily as code comments. We explore new tools that allow programmers to view, navigate, and change programs based on conceptual perspectives. In a small case study, we demonstrate how such views can be created and how the programming experience changes from draining programmers' attention by stretching it across multiple modules toward focusing it on cohesively presented concepts. Our designs are geared toward facilitating multiple secondary perspectives on a system to co-exist in symbiosis with the original architecture, hence making it easier to explore, understand, and explain complex contexts and narratives that are hard or impossible to express using primary modularity constructs. KW - software engineering KW - modularity KW - exploratory programming KW - program KW - comprehension KW - remodularization KW - architecture recovery Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5381/jot.2022.21.2.a6 SN - 1660-1769 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - ETH Zürich, Department of Computer Science CY - Zürich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dordevic, Milos A1 - Hölzer, Sonja A1 - Russo, Augusta A1 - García Alanis, José Carlos A1 - Müller, Notger Germar T1 - The Role of the Precuneus in Human Spatial Updating in a Real Environment Setting—A cTBS Study JF - Life N2 - As we move through an environment, we update positions of our body relative to other objects, even when some objects temporarily or permanently leave our field of view—this ability is termed egocentric spatial updating and plays an important role in everyday life. Still, our knowledge about its representation in the brain is still scarce, with previous studies using virtual movements in virtual environments or patients with brain lesions suggesting that the precuneus might play an important role. However, whether this assumption is also true when healthy humans move in real environments where full body-based cues are available in addition to the visual cues typically used in many VR studies is unclear. Therefore, in this study we investigated the role of the precuneus in egocentric spatial updating in a real environment setting in 20 healthy young participants who underwent two conditions in a cross-over design: (a) stimulation, achieved through applying continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) to inhibit the precuneus and (b) sham condition (activated coil turned upside down). In both conditions, participants had to walk back with blindfolded eyes to objects they had previously memorized while walking with open eyes. Simplified trials (without spatial updating) were used as control condition, to make sure the participants were not affected by factors such as walking blindfolded, vestibular or working memory deficits. A significant interaction was found, with participants performing better in the sham condition compared to real stimulation, showing smaller errors both in distance and angle. The results of our study reveal evidence of an important role of the precuneus in a real-environment egocentric spatial updating; studies on larger samples are necessary to confirm and further investigate this finding. KW - precuneus KW - spatial updating KW - TMS KW - cTBS Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081239 SN - 2075-1729 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Marik A1 - Nedielkov, Ruslan A1 - Arndt, Katja M. T1 - Strategies for Enzymatic Inactivation of the Veterinary Antibiotic Florfenicol JF - Antibiotics N2 - Large quantities of the antibiotic florfenicol are used in animal farming and aquaculture, contaminating the ecosystem with antibiotic residues and promoting antimicrobial resistance, ultimately leading to untreatable multidrug-resistant pathogens. Florfenicol-resistant bacteria often activate export mechanisms that result in resistance to various structurally unrelated antibiotics. We devised novel strategies for the enzymatic inactivation of florfenicol in different media, such as saltwater or milk. Using a combinatorial approach and selection, we optimized a hydrolase (EstDL136) for florfenicol cleavage. Reaction kinetics were followed by time-resolved NMR spectroscopy. Importantly, the hydrolase remained active in different media, such as saltwater or cow milk. Various environmentally-friendly application strategies for florfenicol inactivation were developed using the optimized hydrolase. As a potential filter device for cost-effective treatment of waste milk or aquacultural wastewater, the hydrolase was immobilized on Ni-NTA agarose or silica as carrier materials. In two further application examples, the hydrolase was used as cell extract or encapsulated with a semi-permeable membrane. This facilitated, for example, florfenicol inactivation in whole milk, which can help to treat waste milk from medicated cows, to be fed to calves without the risk of inducing antibiotic resistance. Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics, in general, enables therapeutic intervention without promoting antibiotic resistance. KW - aquaculture KW - antibiotic inactivation KW - enzyme optimization KW - enzymatic inactivation KW - florfenicol KW - immobilization KW - industrial farming Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11040443 SN - 2079-6382 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miklashevsky, Alex T1 - Catch the star! Spatial information activates the manual motor system JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Previous research demonstrated a close bidirectional relationship between spatial attention and the manual motor system. However, it is unclear whether an explicit hand movement is necessary for this relationship to appear. A novel method with high temporal resolution–bimanual grip force registration–sheds light on this issue. Participants held two grip force sensors while being presented with lateralized stimuli (exogenous attentional shifts, Experiment 1), left- or right-pointing central arrows (endogenous attentional shifts, Experiment 2), or the words "left" or "right" (endogenous attentional shifts, Experiment 3). There was an early interaction between the presentation side or arrow direction and grip force: lateralized objects and central arrows led to a larger increase of the ipsilateral force and a smaller increase of the contralateral force. Surprisingly, words led to the opposite pattern: larger force increase in the contralateral hand and smaller force increase in the ipsilateral hand. The effect was stronger and appeared earlier for lateralized objects (60 ms after stimulus presentation) than for arrows (100 ms) or words (250 ms). Thus, processing visuospatial information automatically activates the manual motor system, but the timing and direction of this effect vary depending on the type of stimulus. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262510 SN - 1932-6203 SP - 1 EP - 30 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco, California, US ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westphal, Andrea A1 - Kalinowski, Eva A1 - Hoferichter, Clara Josepha A1 - Vock, Miriam T1 - K−12 teachers' stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - We present the first systematic literature review on stress and burnout in K−12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 17 studies that included 9,874 K−12 teachers from around the world. These studies showed some indication that burnout did increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were, however, almost no differences in the levels of stress and burnout experienced by K−12 teachers compared to individuals employed in other occupational fields. School principals' leadership styles emerged as an organizational characteristic that is highly relevant for K−12 teachers' levels of stress and burnout. Individual teacher characteristics associated with burnout were K−12 teachers' personality, self-efficacy in online teaching, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. In order to reduce stress, there was an indication that stress-management training in combination with training in technology use for teaching may be superior to stress-management training alone. Future research needs to adopt more longitudinal designs and examine the interplay between individual and organizational characteristics in the development of teacher stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. KW - burnout KW - stress KW - COVID-19 KW - pandemic KW - K−12 teachers KW - remote teaching Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920326 SN - 1664-1078 SP - 1 EP - 29 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Konrad, Markus T1 - Has Covid-19 increased gender inequalities in professional advancement? BT - cross-country evidence on productivity differences between male and female software developers JF - Journal of family research N2 - Objective: This article analyzed gender differences in professional advancement following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic based on data from open-source software developers in 37 countries. Background: Men and women may have been affected differently from the social distancing measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that men and women tend to work in different jobs and that they have been unequally involved in childcare duties, school and workplace closings may have impacted men's and women's professional lives unequally. Method: We analyzed original data from the world's largest social coding community, GitHub. We first estimated a Holt-Winters forecast model to compare the predicted and the observed average weekly productivity of a random sample of male and female developers (N=177,480) during the first lockdown period in 2020. To explain the crosscountry variation in the gendered effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on software developers' productivity, we estimated two-way fixed effects models with different lockdown measures as predictors - school and workplace closures, in particular. Results: In most countries, both male and female developers were, on average, more productive than predicted, and productivity increased for both genders with increasing lockdown stringency. When examining the effects of the most relevant types of lockdown measures separately, we found that stay-at-home restrictions increased both men's and women's productivity and that workplace closures also increased the number of weekly contributions on average - but for women, only when schools were open. Conclusion: Having found gender differences in the effect of workplace closures contingent on school and daycare closures within a population that is relatively young and unlikely to have children (software developers), we conclude that the Covid-19 pandemic may indeed have contributed to increased gender inequalities in professional advancement. KW - gender KW - Covid-19 KW - inequality KW - productivity KW - international comparison; KW - GitHub Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-697 SN - 2699-2337 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 134 EP - 160 PB - University of Bamberg Press CY - Bamberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malabarba, Taiane A1 - Oliveira Mendes, Anna Carolina A1 - de Souza, Joseane T1 - Multimodal resolution of overlapping talk in video-mediated L2 instruction JF - Languages : open access journal N2 - This paper investigates a pervasive phenomenon in video-mediated interaction (VMI), namely, simultaneous start-ups, which happen when two speakers produce a turn beginning in overlap. Based on the theoretical and methodological tenets of conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, the present study offers a multimodal and sequential account of how simultaneous start-ups are oriented to and solved in the context of English as an additional language (L2) tutoring. The micro- and sequential analysis of ten hours of screen-recorded video-mediated data from tutoring sessions between an experienced tutor and an advanced-level tutee reveals that the typical overlap resolution trajectory results in the tutor withdrawing from the interactional floor. The same analysis uncovered a range of resources, such as lip pressing and the verbal utterance 'go ahead', employed in what we call enhanced explicitness, through which the withdrawal is done. The orchestration of these resources allows the tutor to exploit the specific features of the medium to resolve simultaneous start-ups while also supporting the continuation of student talk. We maintain that this practice is used in the service of securing the learner's interactional space, and consequently in fostering the use of the language being learned. The results of the study help advance current understandings of L2 instructors' specialized work of managing participation and creating learning opportunities. Being one of the first studies to detail the practices involved in overlap resolution in the micro-context of simultaneous talk on Zoom-based L2 instruction, this study also makes a significant contribution to research on video-mediated instruction and video-mediated interaction more generally. KW - video-mediated interaction (VMI) KW - English as an additional language KW - (L2) KW - teaching KW - turn-taking KW - overlap resolution KW - 'go ahead'; KW - multimodality KW - conversation analysis KW - interactional linguistics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020154 SN - 2226-471X VL - 7 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heisig, Jan Paul A1 - Matthewes, Sönke Hendrik T1 - No evidence that strict educational tracking improves student performance through classroom homogeneity BT - a critical reanalysis of Esser and Seuring (2020) BT - eine kritische Reanalyse von Esser und Seuring (2020) JF - Zeitschrift für Soziologie N2 - In a recent contribution to this journal, Esser and Seuring (2020) draw on data from the National Educational Panel Study to attack the widespread view that tracking in lower secondary education exacerbates inequalities in student outcomes without improving average student performance. Exploiting variation in the strictness of tracking across 13 of the 16 German federal states (e. g., whether teacher recommendations are binding), Esser and Seuring claim to demonstrate that stricter tracking after grade 4 results in better performance in grade 7 and that this can be attributed to the greater homogeneity of classrooms under strict tracking. We show these conclusions to be untenable: Esser and Seuring's measures of classroom composition are highly dubious because the number of observed students is very small for many classrooms. Even when we adopt their classroom composition measures, simple corrections and extensions of their analysis reveal that there is no meaningful evidence for a positive relationship between classroom homogeneity and student achievement - the channel supposed to mediate the alleged positive effect of strict tracking. We go on to show that students from more strictly tracking states perform better already at the start of tracking (grade 5), which casts further doubt on the alleged positive effect of strict tracking on learning progress and leaves selection or anticipation effects as more plausible explanations. On a conceptual level, we emphasize that Esser and Seuring's analysis is limited to states that implement different forms of early tracking and cannot inform us about the relative performance of comprehensive and tracked systems that is the focus of most prior research. N2 - In einem kürzlich in dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlichten Artikel attackieren Esser und Seuring (2020) die verbreitete Auffassung, dass eine frühe Leistungsdifferenzierung in den ersten Jahren der Sekundarstufe Ungleichheiten zwischen Schüler*innen verstärkt, ohne sich positiv auf das durchschnittliche Leistungsniveau auszuwirken. Auf Basis einer Analyse von Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels für 13 Bundesländer kommen die Autoren zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich eine strenge Leistungsdifferenzierung (z. B. durch bindende Grundschulempfehlungen) positiv auf das Leistungsniveau in Klasse 7 auswirkt und dass dies auf die homogenere Klassenzusammensetzung in strikt differenzierenden Ländern zurückgeführt werden kann. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, dass diese Schlussfolgerungen nicht haltbar sind: Esser und Seurings Indikatoren für die Klassenzusammensetzung sind qualitativ fragwürdig, da die Anzahl gültiger Beobachtungen für viele Klassen sehr klein ist. Selbst bei Verwendung ihrer Indikatoren wird durch einfache Korrekturen und Ergänzungen ihrer Analyse schnell deutlich, dass es keine belastbaren empirischen Belege für den theoretisch zentralen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen homogener Klassenzusammensetzung und Leistungsniveau gibt. Zudem können wir zeigen, dass Schüler*innen in streng differenzierenden Ländern bereits zu Beginn der Sekundarstufe bessere Leistungen erzielen, ein weiteres Ergebnis, das gegen einen (kausalen) positiven Zusammenhang zwischen strenger Differenzierung und Lernfortschritt und für Alternativerklärungen wie Selektions- oder Antizipationseffekte spricht. In konzeptioneller Hinsicht heben wir hervor, dass sich die Analyse von Esser und Seuring auf verschiedene leistungsdifferenzierende Systeme beschränkt und insofern keine unmittelbaren Implikationen für den in der Literatur zentralen Vergleich zwischen differenzierenden und Gesamtschulsystemen (comprehensive systems) haben kann. T2 - Keine Belege für leistungsfördernde Effekte von strikter Leistungsdifferenzierung durch kognitive Homogenisierung KW - Ability Tracking KW - Secondary Education Systems KW - Peer Effects KW - Classroom KW - Composition KW - Mediation Analysis KW - Replication KW - Leistungsdifferenzierung KW - Sekundarbildungssysteme KW - Peer-Effekte KW - Klassenzusammensetzung KW - Mediationsanalyse KW - Replikation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2022-0001 SN - 0340-1804 SN - 2366-0325 VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - 99 EP - 111 PB - de Gruyter Oldenbourg CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiebking, Christine A1 - Lin, Chiao-I A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Training intervention effects on cognitive performance and neuronal plasticity — A pilot study JF - Frontiers in Neurology, section Neurorehabilitation N2 - Studies suggest that people suffering from chronic pain may have altered brain plasticity, along with altered functional connectivity between pain-processing brain regions. These may be related to decreased mood and cognitive performance. There is some debate as to whether physical activity combined with behavioral therapy (e.g. cognitive distraction, body scan) may counteract these changes. However, underlying neuronal mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the current pilot study with a 3-armed randomized controlled trial design was to examine the effects of sensorimotor training for nonspecific chronic low back pain on (1) cognitive performance; (2) fMRI activity co-fluctuations (functional connectivity) between pain-related brain regions; and (3) the relationship between functional connectivity and subjective variables (pain and depression). Six hundred and sixty two volunteers with non-specific chronic low back pain were randomly allocated to a unimodal (sensorimotor training), multidisciplinary (sensorimotor training and behavioral therapy) intervention, or to a control group within a multicenter study. A subsample of patients (n = 21) from one study center participated in the pilot study presented here. Measurements were at baseline, during (3 weeks, M2) and after intervention (12 weeks, M4 and 24 weeks, M5). Cognitive performance was measured by the Trail Making Test and functional connectivity by MRI. Pain perception and depression were assessed by the Von Korff questionnaire and the Hospital and Anxiety. Group differences were calculated by univariate and repeated ANOVA measures and Bayesian statistics; correlations by Pearson's r. Change and correlation of functional connection were analyzed within a pooled intervention group (uni-, multidisciplinary group). Results revealed that participants with increased pain intensity at baseline showed higher functional connectivity between pain-related brain areas used as ROIs in this study. Though small sample sizes limit generalization, cognitive performance increased in the multimodal group. Increased functional connectivity was observed in participants with increased pain ratings. Pain ratings and connectivity in pain-related brain regions decreased after the intervention. The results provide preliminary indication that intervention effects can potentially be achieved on the cognitive and neuronal level. The intervention may be suitable for therapy and prevention of non-specific chronic low back pain. KW - chronic back pain KW - sensorimotor training intervention KW - multimodal intervention KW - MRI KW - neuroplasticity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.773813 SN - 1664-2295 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Block, Andrea A1 - Bonaventura, Klaus A1 - Grahn, Patricia A1 - Bestgen, Felix A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Stress management in pre-and postoperative care amongst practitioners and patients in cardiac catheterization laboratory: a study protocol JF - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine N2 - Background: As the number of cardiac diseases continuously increases within the last years in modern society, so does cardiac treatment, especially cardiac catheterization. The procedure of a cardiac catheterization is challenging for both patients and practitioners. Several potential stressors of psychological or physical nature can occur during the procedure. The objective of the study is to develop and implement a stress management intervention for both practitioners and patients that aims to reduce the psychological and physical strain of a cardiac catheterization. Methods: The clinical study (DRKS00026624) includes two randomized controlled intervention trials with parallel groups, for patients with elective cardiac catheterization and practitioners at the catheterization lab, in two clinic sites of the Ernst-von-Bergmann clinic network in Brandenburg, Germany. Both groups received different interventions for stress management. The intervention for patients comprises a psychoeducational video with different stress management technics and additional a standardized medical information about the cardiac catheterization examination. The control condition includes the in hospitals practiced medical patient education before the examination (usual care). Primary and secondary outcomes are measured by physiological parameters and validated questionnaires, the day before (M1) and after (M2) the cardiac catheterization and at a postal follow-up 6 months later (M3). It is expected that people with standardized information and psychoeducation show reduced complications during cardiac catheterization procedures, better pre- and post-operative wellbeing, regeneration, mood and lower stress levels over time. The intervention for practitioners includes a Mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) over 8 weeks supervised by an experienced MBSR practitioner directly at the clinic site and an operative guideline. It is expected that practitioners with intervention show improved perceived and chronic stress, occupational health, physical and mental function, higher effort-reward balance, regeneration and quality of life. Primary and secondary outcomes are measured by physiological parameters (heart rate variability, saliva cortisol) and validated questionnaires and will be assessed before (M1) and after (M2) the MBSR intervention and at a postal follow-up 6 months later (M3). Physiological biomarkers in practitioners will be assessed before (M1) and after intervention (M2) on two work days and a two days off. Intervention effects in both groups (practitioners and patients) will be evaluated separately using multivariate variance analysis. Discussion: This study evaluates the effectiveness of two stress management intervention programs for patients and practitioners within cardiac catheter laboratory. Study will disclose strains during a cardiac catheterization affecting both patients and practitioners. For practitioners it may contribute to improved working conditions and occupational safety, preservation of earning capacity, avoidance of participation restrictions and loss of performance. In both groups less anxiety, stress and complications before and during the procedures can be expected. The study may add knowledge how to eliminate stressful exposures and to contribute to more (psychological) security, less output losses and exhaustion during work. The evolved stress management guidelines, training manuals and the standardized patient education should be transferred into clinical routines KW - stress management KW - mindfulness-based stress reduction KW - psychoeducation KW - standardized patient information KW - stress intervention KW - distress KW - study protocol KW - cardiac catheterization (CC) Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.830256 SN - 2297-055X VL - 9 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ellermann, Christin A1 - McDowell, Michelle A1 - Schirren, Clara O. A1 - Lindemann, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Koch, Severine A1 - Lohmann, Mark A1 - Jenny, Mirjam Annina T1 - Identifying content to improve risk assessment communications within the Risk Profile: Literature reviews and focus groups with expert and non-expert stakeholders JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Objective To improve consumer decision making, the results of risk assessments on food, feed, consumer products or chemicals need to be communicated not only to experts but also to non-expert audiences. The present study draws on evidence from literature reviews and focus groups with diverse stakeholders to identify content to integrate into an existing risk assessment communication (Risk Profile). Methods A combination of rapid literature reviews and focus groups with experts (risk assessors (n = 15), risk managers (n = 8)), and non-experts (general public (n = 18)) were used to identify content and strategies for including information about risk assessment results in the “Risk Profile” from the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment. Feedback from initial focus groups was used to develop communication prototypes that informed subsequent feedback rounds in an iterative process. A final prototype was validated in usability tests with experts. Results Focus group feedback and suggestions from risk assessors were largely in line with findings from the literature. Risk managers and lay persons offered similar suggestions on how to improve the existing communication of risk assessment results (e.g., including more explanatory detail, reporting probabilities for individual health impairments, and specifying risks for subgroups in additional sections). Risk managers found information about quality of evidence important to communicate, whereas people from the general public found this information less relevant. Participants from lower educational backgrounds had difficulties understanding the purpose of risk assessments. User tests found that the final prototype was appropriate and feasible to implement by risk assessors. Conclusion An iterative and evidence-based process was used to develop content to improve the communication of risk assessments to the general public while being feasible to use by risk assessors. Remaining challenges include how to communicate dose-response relationships and standardise quality of evidence ratings across disciplines. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266800 SN - 1553-7358 VL - 17 PB - Public Library of Science (PLOS) CY - San Francisco, California, USA ET - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osei, Francis A1 - Block, Andrea A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Association of primary allostatic load mediators and metabolic syndrome (MetS): A systematic review JF - Frontiers in Endocrinology N2 - Allostatic load (AL) exposure may cause detrimental effects on the neuroendocrine system, leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The primary mediators of AL involve serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; a functional HPA axis antagonist); further, cortisol, urinary norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI) excretion levels (assessed within 12-h urine as a golden standard for the evaluation of the HPA axis activity and sympathetic nervous system activity). However, the evidence of an association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS is limited. This systematic review aimed to critically examine the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles from January 2010 to December 2021, published in English. The search strategy focused on cross-sectional and case–control studies comprising adult participants with MetS, obesity, overweight, and without chronic diseases. The STROBE checklist was used to assess study quality control. Of 770 studies, twenty-one studies with a total sample size (n = 10,666) met the eligibility criteria. Eighteen studies were cross-sectional, and three were case–control studies. The included studies had a completeness of reporting score of COR % = 87.0 ± 6.4%. It is to be noted, that cortisol as a primary mediator of AL showed an association with MetS in 50% (urinary cortisol), 40% (serum cortisol), 60% (salivary cortisol), and 100% (hair cortisol) of the studies. For DHEAS, it is to conclude that 60% of the studies showed an association with MetS. In contrast, urinary EPI and urinary NE had 100% no association with MetS. In summary, there is a tendency for the association between higher serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, urinary cortisol, hair cortisol, and lower levels of DHEAS with MetS. Future studies focusing on longitudinal data are warranted for clarification and understanding of the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS. KW - allostatic load KW - cortisol KW - dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate KW - epinephrine KW - norepinephrine KW - metabolic syndrome KW - primary marker Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.946740 SN - 1664-2392 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seržant, Ilja A. A1 - Moroz, George A. T1 - Universal attractors in language evolution provide evidence for the kinds of efficiency pressures involved JF - Humanities & Social Sciences Communications N2 - Efficiency is central to understanding the communicative and cognitive underpinnings of language. However, efficiency management is a complex mechanism in which different efficiency effects-such as articulatory, processing and planning ease, mental accessibility, and informativity, online and offline efficiency effects-conspire to yield the coding of linguistic signs. While we do not yet exactly understand the interactional mechanism of these different effects, we argue that universal attractors are an important component of any dynamic theory of efficiency that would be aimed at predicting efficiency effects across languages. Attractors are defined as universal states around which language evolution revolves. Methodologically, we approach efficiency from a cross-linguistic perspective on the basis of a world-wide sample of 383 languages from 53 families, balancing all six macro-areas (Eurasia, North and South America, Australia, Africa, and Oceania). We explore the grammatical domain of verbal person-number subject indexes. We claim that there is an attractor state in this domain to which languages tend to develop and tend not to leave if they happen to comply with the attractor in their earlier stages of evolution. The attractor is characterized by different lengths for each person and number combination, structured along Zipf's predictions. Moreover, the attractor strongly prefers non-compositional, cumulative coding of person and number. On the basis of these and other properties of the attractor, we conclude that there are two domains in which efficiency pressures are most powerful: strive towards less processing and articulatory effort. The latter, however, is overridden by constant information flow. Strive towards lower lexicon complexity and memory costs are weaker efficiency pressures for this grammatical category due to its order of frequency. KW - Duration KW - Explanations KW - Redundancy KW - Pronouns KW - Usage Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01072-0 SN - 2662-9992 VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kobs, Scarlett A1 - Ehlert, Antje A1 - Lenkeit, Jenny A1 - Hartmann, Anne Therese A1 - Sporer, Nadine A1 - Knigge, Michel T1 - The influence of individual and situational factors on teachers' justice ratings of classroom interactions JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Teachers, as role models, are crucial in promoting inclusion in society through their actions. Being perceived as fair by their students is linked to students' feelings of belonging in school. In addition, their decisions of resource allocations also affect students' academic success. Both aspects underpin the importance of teachers' views on justice. This article aims to investigate what teachers consider to be just and how teacher characteristics and situational factors affect justice ratings of hypothetical student-teacher-interactions. In an experimental design, we randomly varied the description of the interacting student in text vignettes regarding his/her special educational need (SEN) (situational factor). We also collected data on teachers' attitudes toward inclusion and experiences with persons with disabilities (individual factors). A sample of in-service teachers in Germany (N = 2,254) rated randomized versions of two text vignettes. To also consider the effect of professional status, a sample of pre-service teachers (N = 275) did the same. Linear mixed effect models point to a negative effect of the SEN on justice ratings, meaning situations in which the interacting student is described with a SEN were rated less just compared to the control condition. As the interacting student in the situations was treated worse than the rest, this was indicative for the application of the need principle. Teachers with more positive attitudes toward inclusion rated the vignettes as significantly less just. Professional status also had a negative effect on justice ratings, with in-service teachers rating the interactions significantly lower than the pre-service teachers. Our results suggest that the teachers applied the principle of need in their ratings. Implications for inclusive teaching practices and future research are discussed further. KW - classroom interactions KW - justice KW - special educational need KW - ratings KW - inclusion Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.789110 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Daniel T1 - Revisiting the Cu-Zn disorder in kesterite type Cu2ZnSnSe4 employing a novel approach to hybrid functional calculations JF - Applied Sciences : open access journal N2 - In recent years, the search for more efficient and environmentally friendly materials to be employed in the next generation of thin film solar cell devices has seen a shift towards hybrid halide perovskites and chalcogenide materials crystallising in the kesterite crystal structure. Prime examples for the latter are Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2ZnSnSe4, and their solid solution Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)(4), where actual devices already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies of about 13 %. However, in their naturally occurring kesterite crystal structure, the so-called Cu-Zn disorder plays an important role and impacts the structural, electronic, and optical properties. To understand the influence of Cu-Zn disorder, we perform first-principles calculations based on density functional theory combined with special quasirandom structures to accurately model the cation disorder. Since the electronic band gaps and derived optical properties are severely underestimated by (semi)local exchange and correlation functionals, supplementary hybrid functional calculations have been performed. Concerning the latter, we additionally employ a recently devised technique to speed up structural relaxations for hybrid functional calculations. Our calculations show that the Cu-Zn disorder leads to a slight increase in the unit cell volume compared to the conventional kesterite structure showing full cation order, and that the band gap gets reduced by about 0.2 eV, which is in very good agreement with earlier experimental and theoretical findings. Our detailed results on structural, electronic, and optical properties will be discussed with respect to available experimental data, and will provide further insights into the atomistic origin of the disorder-induced band gap lowering in these promising kesterite type materials. KW - Cu2ZnSnSe4 KW - CZTSe KW - chalcogenide KW - kesterite KW - Cu-Zn disorder KW - density KW - functional theory KW - hybrid functional KW - special quasirandom structure Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052576 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 12 IS - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tjaden, Jasper A1 - Haarmann, Esther A1 - Savaskan, Nicolai T1 - Experimental evidence on improving COVID-19 vaccine outreach among migrant communities on social media JF - Scientific reports N2 - Studies from several countries suggest that COVID-19 vaccination rates are lower among migrants compared to the general population. Urgent calls have been made to improve vaccine outreach to migrants, however, there is limited evidence on effective approaches, especially using social media. We assessed a targeted, low-cost, Facebook campaign disseminating COVID-19 vaccine information among Arabic, Turkish and Russian speakers in Germany (N = 888,994). As part of the campaign, we conducted two randomized, online experiments to assess the impact of the advertisement (1) language and (2) depicted messenger (government authority, religious leader, doctor or family). Key outcomes included reach, click-through rates, conversion rates and cost-effectiveness. Within 29 days, the campaign reached 890 thousand Facebook users. On average, 2.3 individuals accessed the advertised COVID-19 vaccination appointment tool for every euro spent on the campaign. Migrants were 2.4 (Arabic), 1.8 (Russian) and 1.2 (Turkish) times more likely to click on advertisements translated to their native language compared to German-language advertisements. Furthermore, findings showed that government representatives can be more successful in engaging migrants online compared to other messengers, despite common claims of lower trust in government institutions among migrants. This study highlights the potential of tailored, and translated, vaccination campaigns on social media for reaching migrants who may be left out by traditional media campaigns. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20340-2 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keskin, Cem T1 - On the directionality of the Balkan Turkic verb phrase BT - Variationist and theoretical perspectives JF - Languages N2 - Balkan varieties of Turkic, particularly those on the periphery of the Turkic spread area in the region, such as Gagauz and West Rumelian Turkish, are commonly observed to have head-initial verb phrases. Based on a wide survey, this paper attempts a more precise description of the pattern of VP directionality across Balkan Turkic and shows that there is considerable variation in how prevalent VX order is, a pattern that turns out to be more complex than the previous descriptions suggest: Two spectrums of directionality can be discerned between XV and VX orders, contingent upon type of the dependent of the verb and dialect locale. The paper also explores the grammatical causes underlying this shift in constituent order. First, VX order seems to be dependent upon whether a clause is nominal or not. Nonfinite clauses of the nominal type have XV order across Balkan Turkic, while finite clauses and nonfinite clauses of the converbial type show differing degrees of VX order depending on type of dependent and geographical location. Second, VX order appears to be an outcome of verb movement to the left of the dependent in finite clauses and nonfinite clauses of the converbial type, rather than head parameter shift. KW - Balkan Turkic KW - Rumelian Turkic KW - OV–VO KW - verb phrase KW - head directionality KW - nominalization KW - verb movement KW - head parameter KW - word order variation KW - microvariation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages8010002 SN - 2226-471X VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adreeva, Anna T1 - Frauenfilmdramaturgie im Russischen Kaiserreich der 1910er Jahre BT - Film, Media and Digital Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe JF - Apparatus N2 - Im Artikel werden von Frauen verfasste Filmdrehbücher der 1910er Jahre im Russischen Kaiserreich chronologisch untersucht. Zunächst werden die ersten Drehbuchautorinnen Makarova und Tat’jana Suchotina-Tolstaja, die am Anfang der 1910er Jahre in Koautorschaft mit den bekannten Autoren (Makarova mit den Regisseur Vladimir Gončarov; Suchotina-Tolstaja mit ihrem Vater Leo Tolstoj) arbeiteten, und ihre Filme in Betracht gezogen. Dann wird der Film Ključi sčastʹja / Schlüssel zum Glück (Vladimir Gardin, Jakov Protazanov, 1913, Russisches Kaiserreich) nach dem Roman von Anastasija Verbickaja näher behandelt. Verbickajas Film demonstrierte, dass eine Drehbuchautorin eine selbständige Autorin sein kann und diente als Impuls für die Entwicklung der Frauenfilmdramaturgie im Russischen Kaiserreich, deren Aufschwung in der zweiten Hälfte der 1910er Jahre begann, und prägte bestimmte Erwartungen von auf weiblichen Drehbüchern basierenden Filmen. Maria Kallaš, die an den Drehbüchern zu den Verfilmungen des russischen literarischen Kanons 1913 arbeitete, kritisierte Verbickajas Text als pseudofeministisch und behauptete in ihrem Essay „Ženskie kabare“ („Frauenkabarett“), dass Frauenliteratur noch „keine eigene Sprache“ habe (1916). Anna Mar begann ihre Arbeit im Kino 1914, parallel zu Verbiсkajas Nachfolgerinnen, und konzentrierte sich in ihren Filmen auf die soziale Problematik – die Stellung moderner Frauen in der Gesellschaft. Damit eröffnete Mar eine neue Entwicklungsperspektive für das weibliche Drehbuchschreiben. N2 - This article provides a chronological examination of women’s screenwriting in the 1910s in the Russian Empire. The first women screenwriters, Makarova and Tat’iana Suchotina-Tolstaia, worked in the early 1910s as co-authors with popular men writers (Makarova with the director Vladimir Goncharov and Sukhotina-Tolstaia with her father Lev Tolstoi). The film Kliuchi schast’ia / The Keys to Happiness (Vladimir Gardin, Iakov Protazanov, 1913, Russian Empire), based on Anastasiia Verbitskaia’s novel of the same title, proved that a woman screenwriter could be an independent author, influencing the development of women’s screenwriting in the Russian Empire, which took off in the second half of the 1910s, creating certain expectations for films written by women. Mariia Kallash, who worked on the screenplays for film adaptations of the Russian literary canon in 1913, criticised Verbitskaia’s text for its pseudo-feminism and claimed, in her essay “Women’s Cabaret”, that women’s literature still “did not have its own language” (1916). Anna Mar wrote for the screen in the second half of the 1910s, at the same time as Verbitskaia’s successors. In Mar’s screenplays, she focused on social problems and particularly on women’s position in modern society, suggesting a different perspective for women’s screenwriting in the Russian Empire. N2 - В настоящей статье речь пойдет о женской кинодраматургии 1910-х гг. в Российской империи. Сперва мы восстановим творческую судьбу первых сценаристок Макаровой и Татьяны Сухотиной-Толстой, которые работали в соавторстве с известными -авторами-мужчинами (Макарова – с режиссером Владимиром Гончаровым; Сухотина-Толстая – со своим отцом Львом Толстым) на рубеже 1910-х гг. Затем подробнее остановимся на фильме Ключи счастья (Владимир Гардин, Яков Протазанов, 1913, Российская империя) по одноименному роману Анастасии Вербицкой, которая считается автором сценария картины. Фильм Ключи счастья показал, что женщина может быть независимым автором, послужил толчком к развитию женской драматургии в Российской империи, подъем которой начался во второй половине 1910-х гг., и сформировал определенные ожидания от фильмов по сценариям, написанными авторами-женщинами. Мария Каллаш, автор экранизаций текстов русской литературы, раскритиковала роман Вербицкой за псевдофеминизм и в эссе «Женские кабаре» заявила, что женская литература до сих пор «не имеет своего собственного языка» (1916). Анна Мар пришла в кино в 1914 году одновременно с преемниками Вербицкой и сосредоточилась в своих фильмах на социальной проблематике, а именно – на положении современных женщин в обществе. Тем самым Мар предложила новую перспективу для развития женского киносценария. T2 - Women’s Screenwriting of the 1910s in the Russian Empire T2 - Женская кинодраматургия в Российской империи 1910-х годов KW - Anastasija Verbickaja KW - Maria Kallaš KW - Anna Mar KW - Rovdo KW - Antalek KW - Russisches K​a​iserreich KW - frühes russländisches Kino KW - Frauenfilmdramaturgie KW - Frauenliteratur KW - Feminismus KW - Drehbuch KW - Анастасия Вербицкая KW - Мария Каллаш KW - Анна Мар KW - Ровдо KW - Анталек KW - Российская империя KW - раннее российское кино KW - женская кинодраматургия KW - женская литература KW - феминизм KW - feminism KW - women’s literature KW - women’s screenwriting KW - early cinema in the Russian Empire KW - Russian Empire KW - Antalek KW - Rovdo KW - Anna Mar KW - Mariia Kallash KW - Anastasiia Verbitskaia KW - screenplays KW - scripts KW - сценарий Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17892/app.2022.00015.270 SN - 2365-7758 VL - 13 CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Al Laban, Firas A1 - Reger, Martin A1 - Lucke, Ulrike T1 - Closing the Policy Gap in the Academic Bridge JF - Education sciences N2 - The highly structured nature of the educational sector demands effective policy mechanisms close to the needs of the field. That is why evidence-based policy making, endorsed by the European Commission under Erasmus+ Key Action 3, aims to make an alignment between the domains of policy and practice. Against this background, this article addresses two issues: First, that there is a vertical gap in the translation of higher-level policies to local strategies and regulations. Second, that there is a horizontal gap between educational domains regarding the policy awareness of individual players. This was analyzed in quantitative and qualitative studies with domain experts from the fields of virtual mobility and teacher training. From our findings, we argue that the combination of both gaps puts the academic bridge from secondary to tertiary education at risk, including the associated knowledge proficiency levels. We discuss the role of digitalization in the academic bridge by asking the question: which value does the involved stakeholders expect from educational policies? As a theoretical basis, we rely on the model of value co-creation for and by stakeholders. We describe the used instruments along with the obtained results and proposed benefits. Moreover, we reflect on the methodology applied, and we finally derive recommendations for future academic bridge policies. KW - policy evaluation KW - higher education KW - virtual mobility KW - teacher training Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12120930 SN - 2227-7102 VL - 12 IS - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Jingdan A1 - Kim, Jae-Hyun A1 - Tuomainen, Outi A1 - Rattanasone, Nan Xu T1 - Bilingual Mandarin-English preschoolers’ spoken narrative skills and contributing factors BT - A remote online story-retell study JF - Frontiers in Psyhology N2 - This study examined the spoken narrative skills of a group of bilingual Mandarin–English speaking 3–6-year-olds (N = 25) in Australia, using a remote online story-retell task. Bilingual preschoolers are an understudied population, especially those who are speaking typologically distinct languages such as Mandarin and English which have fewer structural overlaps compared to language pairs that are typologically closer, reducing cross-linguistic positive transfer. We examined these preschoolers’ spoken narrative skills as measured by macrostructures (the global organization of a story) and microstructures (linguistic structures, e.g., total number of utterances, nouns, verbs, phrases, and modifiers) across and within each language, and how various factors such as age and language experiences contribute to individual variability. The results indicate that our bilingual preschoolers acquired spoken narrative skills similarly across their two languages, i.e., showing similar patterns of productivity for macrostructure and microstructure elements in both of their two languages. While chronological age was positively correlated with macrostructures in both languages (showing developmental effects), there were no significant correlations between measures of language experiences and the measures of spoken narrative skills (no effects for language input/output). The findings suggest that although these preschoolers acquire two typologically diverse languages in different learning environments, Mandarin at home with highly educated parents, and English at preschool, they displayed similar levels of oral narrative skills as far as these macro−/micro-structure measures are concerned. This study provides further evidence for the feasibility of remote online assessment of preschoolers’ narrative skills. KW - narrative skills KW - Mandarin-English bilinguals KW - preschoolers KW - macrostructure KW - microstructure Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.797602 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media SA CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orland, Andreas A1 - Padubrin, Max T1 - Is there a gender hiring gap in academic economics? Evidence from a network analysis JF - Royal Society Open Science N2 - We collect a network dataset of tenured economics faculty in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. We rank the 100 institutions included with a minimum violation ranking. This ranking is positively and significantly correlated with the Times Higher Education ranking of economics institutions. According to the network ranking, individuals on average go down about 23 ranks from their doctoral institution to their employing institution. While the share of females in our dataset is only 15%, we do not observe a significant gender hiring gap (a difference in rank changes between male and female faculty). We conduct a robustness check with the Handelsblatt and the Times Higher Education ranking. According to these rankings, individuals on average go down only about two ranks. We do not observe a significant gender hiring gap using these two rankings (although the dataset underlying this analysis is small and these estimates are likely to be noisy). Finally, we discuss the limitations of the network ranking in our context. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210717 SN - 2054-5703 VL - 9 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Royal Society of London CY - London ET - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herold, Fabian A1 - Labott, Berit K. A1 - Grässler, Bernhard A1 - Halfpaap, Nicole A1 - Langhans, Corinna A1 - Müller, Patrick A1 - Ammar, Achraf A1 - Dordevic, Milos A1 - Hökelmann, Anita A1 - Müller, Notger Germar T1 - A Link between Handgrip Strength and Executive Functioning: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls JF - Healthcare : open access journal N2 - Older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who in addition to their memory deficits also suffer from frontal-executive dysfunctions have a higher risk of developing dementia later in their lives than older adults with aMCI without executive deficits and older adults with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). Handgrip strength (HGS) is also correlated with the risk of cognitive decline in the elderly. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the associations between HGS and executive functioning in individuals with aMCI, naMCI and healthy controls. Older, right-handed adults with amnestic MCI (aMCI), non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), and healthy controls (HC) conducted a handgrip strength measurement via a handheld dynamometer. Executive functions were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT A&B). Normalized handgrip strength (nHGS, normalized to Body Mass Index (BMI)) was calculated and its associations with executive functions (operationalized through z-scores of TMT B/A ratio) were investigated through partial correlation analyses (i.e., accounting for age, sex, and severity of depressive symptoms). A positive and low-to-moderate correlation between right nHGS (rp (22) = 0.364; p = 0.063) and left nHGS (rp (22) = 0.420; p = 0.037) and executive functioning in older adults with aMCI but not in naMCI or HC was observed. Our results suggest that higher levels of nHGS are linked to better executive functioning in aMCI but not naMCI and HC. This relationship is perhaps driven by alterations in the integrity of the hippocampal-prefrontal network occurring in older adults with aMCI. Further research is needed to provide empirical evidence for this assumption. KW - MCI KW - hippocampal-prefrontal network KW - handgrip strength KW - exercise cognition KW - aging KW - brain health Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020230 SN - 2227-9032 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teichmann, Erik A1 - Lewandowski, Heather J. A1 - Alemani, Micol T1 - Investigating students’ views of experimental physics in German laboratory classes JF - Physical Review Physics Education Research N2 - There is a large variety of goals instructors have for laboratory courses, with different courses focusing on different subsets of goals. An often implicit, but crucial, goal is to develop students’ attitudes, views, and expectations about experimental physics to align with practicing experimental physicists. The assessment of laboratory courses upon this one dimension of learning has been intensively studied in U.S. institutions using the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey for Experimental Physics (E-CLASS). However, there is no such an instrument available to use in Germany, and the influence of laboratory courses on students views about the nature of experimental physics is still unexplored at German-speaking institutions. Motivated by the lack of an assessment tool to investigate this goal in laboratory courses at German-speaking institutions, we present a translated version of the E-CLASS adapted to the context at German-speaking institutions. We call the German version of the E-CLASS, the GE-CLASS. We describe the translation process and the creation of an automated web-based system for instructors to assess their laboratory courses. We also present first results using GE-CLASS obtained at the University of Potsdam. A first comparison between E-CLASS and GE-CLASS results shows clear differences between University of Potsdam and U.S. students’ views and beliefs about experimental physics. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.18.010135 SN - 1554-9178 VL - 18 SP - 010135-1 EP - 010135-17 PB - APS CY - College Park, Maryland, United States ET - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ehlert, Antje A1 - Poltz, Nadine A1 - Quandte, Sabine A1 - Kohn-Henkel, Juliane A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - Aster, Michael von A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - Taking a closer look: The relationship between pre-school domain general cognition and school mathematics achievement when controlling for intelligence JF - Journal of Intelligence N2 - Intelligence, as well as working memory and attention, affect the acquisition of mathematical competencies. This paper aimed to examine the influence of working memory and attention when taking different mathematical skills into account as a function of children’s intellectual ability. Overall, intelligence, working memory, attention and numerical skills were assessed twice in 1868 German pre-school children (t1, t2) and again at 2nd grade (t3). We defined three intellectual ability groups based on the results of intellectual assessment at t1 and t2. Group comparisons revealed significant differences between the three intellectual ability groups. Over time, children with low intellectual ability showed the lowest achievement in domain-general and numerical and mathematical skills compared to children of average intellectual ability. The highest achievement on the aforementioned variables was found for children of high intellectual ability. Additionally, path modelling revealed that, depending on the intellectual ability, different models of varying complexity could be generated. These models differed with regard to the relevance of the predictors (t2) and the future mathematical skills (t3). Causes and conclusions of these findings are discussed. KW - intellectual ability KW - intelligence KW - pre-school KW - mathematical development KW - school mathematics KW - longitudinal KW - numerical skills KW - working memory KW - attention Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10030070 SN - 2079-3200 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kath, Nadja Jeanette A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - van Velzen, Ellen T1 - The double-edged sword of inducible defences: costs and benefits of maladaptive switching from the individual to the community level JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Phenotypic plasticity can increase individual fitness when environmental conditions change over time. Inducible defences are a striking example, allowing species to react to fluctuating predation pressure by only expressing their costly defended phenotype under high predation risk. Previous theoretical investigations have focused on how this affects predator–prey dynamics, but the impact on competitive outcomes and broader community dynamics has received less attention. Here we use a small food web model, consisting of two competing plastic autotrophic species exploited by a shared consumer, to study how the speed of inducible defences across three trade-off constellations affects autotroph coexistence, biomasses across trophic levels, and temporal variability. Contrary to the intuitive idea that faster adaptation increases autotroph fitness, we found that higher switching rates reduced individual fitness as it consistently provoked more maladaptive switching towards undefended phenotypes under high predation pressure. This had an unexpected positive impact on the consumer, increasing consumer biomass and lowering total autotroph biomass. Additionally, maladaptive switching strongly reduced autotroph coexistence through an emerging source-sink dynamic between defended and undefended phenotypes. The striking impact of maladaptive switching on species and food web dynamics indicates that this mechanism may be of more critical importance than previously recognized. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13895-7 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Möller, Klaus-Peter T1 - In der Ruhmeshalle der deutschen Literatur BT - das Porträt des Autors und die Medien JF - Fontanes Medien Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-11-073323-5 SN - 978-3-11-073810-0 SN - 978-3-11-073330-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110733235-031 SP - 533 EP - 574 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Ulrike T1 - Theodor Fontane innerhalb der deutsch-jüdischen Zeitschriftenlandschaft BT - Rezeptionslinien und -strategien JF - Fontanes Medien Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-11-073323-5 SN - 978-3-11-073330-3 SN - 978-3-11-073810-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110733235-032 SP - 577 EP - 592 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trilcke, Peer T1 - Die Spatzen quirilierten auf den Telegraphendrähten BT - Vorwort JF - Fontanes Medien Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-11-073323-5 SN - 978-3-11-073810-0 SN - 978-3-11-073330-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110733235-001 SP - XI EP - XIII PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sarabadani, Jalal A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Ala-Nissila, Tapio T1 - Driven polymer translocation into a channel: Isoflux tension propagation theory and Langevin dynamics simulations JF - Physical Review Research N2 - Isoflux tension propagation (IFTP) theory and Langevin dynamics (LD) simulations are employed to study the dynamics of channel-driven polymer translocation in which a polymer translocates into a narrow channel and the monomers in the channel experience a driving force fc. In the high driving force limit, regardless of the channel width, IFTP theory predicts τ ∝ f βc for the translocation time, where β = −1 is the force scaling exponent. Moreover, LD data show that for a very narrow channel fitting only a single file of monomers, the entropic force due to the subchain inside the channel does not play a significant role in the translocation dynamics and the force exponent β = −1 regardless of the force magnitude. As the channel width increases the number of possible spatial configurations of the subchain inside the channel becomes significant and the resulting entropic force causes the force exponent to drop below unity. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033003 SN - 2643-1564 VL - 4 SP - 033003-1 EP - 033003-14 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park, Maryland, USA ET - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voit, Paul A1 - Heistermann, Maik T1 - A new index to quantify the extremeness of precipitation across scales JF - NHESS - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences N2 - Quantifying the extremeness of heavy precipitation allows for the comparison of events. Conventional quantitative indices, however, typically neglect the spatial extent or the duration, while both are important to understand potential impacts. In 2014, the weather extremity index (WEI) was suggested to quantify the extremeness of an event and to identify the spatial and temporal scale at which the event was most extreme. However, the WEI does not account for the fact that one event can be extreme at various spatial and temporal scales. To better understand and detect the compound nature of precipitation events, we suggest complementing the original WEI with a “cross-scale weather extremity index” (xWEI), which integrates extremeness over relevant scales instead of determining its maximum. Based on a set of 101 extreme precipitation events in Germany, we outline and demonstrate the computation of both WEI and xWEI. We find that the choice of the index can lead to considerable differences in the assessment of past events but that the most extreme events are ranked consistently, independently of the index. Even then, the xWEI can reveal cross-scale properties which would otherwise remain hidden. This also applies to the disastrous event from July 2021, which clearly outranks all other analyzed events with regard to both WEI and xWEI. While demonstrating the added value of xWEI, we also identify various methodological challenges along the required computational workflow: these include the parameter estimation for the extreme value distributions, the definition of maximum spatial extent and temporal duration, and the weighting of extremeness at different scales. These challenges, however, also represent opportunities to adjust the retrieval of WEI and xWEI to specific user requirements and application scenarios. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2791-2022 SN - 1684-9981 VL - 22 SP - 2791 EP - 2805 PB - Copernicus CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ET - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auhagen, Christopher Patrick A1 - Uth, Melanie T1 - Variation of relative complementizers in Yucatecan Spanish BT - A comparison of monolingual and bilingual speakers JF - Languages N2 - The starting point of this article is the occurrence of determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers like (en) que, ‘(in) that’, instead of (en) el que, ‘(in) which’, in Yucatecan Spanish (southeast Mexico). While reference grammars treat complementizers with a determiner as the standard option, previous diachronic research has shown that determiner-less complementizers actually predate relative complementizers with a determiner. Additionally, Yucatecan Spanish has been in long-standing contact with Yucatec Maya. Relative complementation in Yucatec Maya differs from that in Spanish (at least) in that the non-complex complementizer tu’ux (‘where’) is generally the only option for locative complementation. The paper explores monolingual and bilingual data from Yucatecan Spanish to discuss the question whether the determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers in our data constitute a historic remnant or a dialectal recast, possibly (but not necessarily) due to language contact. Although our pilot study may not answer these far-reaching questions, it does reveal two separate, but intertwined developments: (i) a generally increased rate of bare que relative complementation, across both monolingual speakers of Spanish and Spanish Maya bilinguals, compared to other Spanish varieties, and (ii) a preference for donde at the cost of other locative complementizer constructions in the bilingual group. Our analysis thus reveals intriguing differences between the complementizer preferences of monolingual and bilingual speakers, suggesting that different variational patterns caused by different (socio-)linguistic factors can co-develop in parallel in one and the [same] region. KW - relative complementation KW - variability KW - language contact KW - diachrony KW - Yucatecan Spanish Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7040279 SN - 2226-471X VL - 7 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sposini, Vittoria A1 - Krapf, Diego A1 - Marinari, Enzo A1 - Sunyer, Raimon A1 - Ritort, Felix A1 - Taheri, Fereydoon A1 - Selhuber-Unkel, Christine A1 - Benelli, Rebecca A1 - Weiss, Matthias A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Oshanin, Gleb T1 - Towards a robust criterion of anomalous diffusion JF - Communications Physics N2 - Anomalous-diffusion, the departure of the spreading dynamics of diffusing particles from the traditional law of Brownian-motion, is a signature feature of a large number of complex soft-matter and biological systems. Anomalous-diffusion emerges due to a variety of physical mechanisms, e.g., trapping interactions or the viscoelasticity of the environment. However, sometimes systems dynamics are erroneously claimed to be anomalous, despite the fact that the true motion is Brownian—or vice versa. This ambiguity in establishing whether the dynamics as normal or anomalous can have far-reaching consequences, e.g., in predictions for reaction- or relaxation-laws. Demonstrating that a system exhibits normal- or anomalous-diffusion is highly desirable for a vast host of applications. Here, we present a criterion for anomalous-diffusion based on the method of power-spectral analysis of single trajectories. The robustness of this criterion is studied for trajectories of fractional-Brownian-motion, a ubiquitous stochastic process for the description of anomalous-diffusion, in the presence of two types of measurement errors. In particular, we find that our criterion is very robust for subdiffusion. Various tests on surrogate data in absence or presence of additional positional noise demonstrate the efficacy of this method in practical contexts. Finally, we provide a proof-of-concept based on diverse experiments exhibiting both normal and anomalous-diffusion. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-022-01079-8 SN - 2399-3650 VL - 5 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Evans, Myfanwy E. A1 - Hyde, Stephen T. T1 - Symmetric Tangling of Honeycomb Networks JF - Symmetry N2 - Symmetric, elegantly entangled structures are a curious mathematical construction that has found their way into the heart of the chemistry lab and the toolbox of constructive geometry. Of particular interest are those structures—knots, links and weavings—which are composed locally of simple twisted strands and are globally symmetric. This paper considers the symmetric tangling of multiple 2-periodic honeycomb networks. We do this using a constructive methodology borrowing elements of graph theory, low-dimensional topology and geometry. The result is a wide-ranging enumeration of symmetric tangled honeycomb networks, providing a foundation for their exploration in both the chemistry lab and the geometers toolbox. KW - tangles KW - knots KW - networks KW - periodic entanglement KW - molecular weaving KW - graphs Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14091805 SN - 2073-8994 VL - 14 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Naïr, Alexandra A1 - Lin, Chiao-I A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Translation and adaptation of the French version of the risk stratification index, a tool for stratified care in chronic low back pain BT - A pilot study JF - Medicina : monthly medical journal of Lithuanian Medical Association, Kaunas N2 - Background and Objectives: Low back pain is a worldwide health problem. An early diagnosis is required to develop personalized treatment strategies. The Risk Stratification Index (RSI) was developed to serve the purpose. The aim of this pilot study is to cross-culturally translate the RSI to a French version (RSI-F) and evaluate the test-retest reliability of RSI-F using a French active population. Materials and Methods: The RSI was translated from German to French (RSI-F) based on the guidelines of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. A total of 42 French recreational athletes (age 18–63 years) with non-specific low back pain were recruited and filled in the RSI-F twice. The test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC1,2) and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Finally, 33 questionnaires were analyzed (14 males and 19 females, age 31 ± 10 years, 9.5 ± 3.2 h/week of training). The test-retest of RSI-F CPI and DISS were excellent (CPI: ICC1,2 = 0.989, p < 0.001; r = 0.989, p < 0.001; DISS: ICC1,2 = 0.991, p < 0.001; r = 0.991, p < 0.001), as well as Korff pain intensity (ICC1,2 = 0.995, p < 0.001; r = 0.995, p < 0.001) and disability (ICC1,2 = 0.998, p < 0.001; r = 0.998, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The RSI-F is linguistically accurate and reliable for use by a French-speaking active population with non-specific low back pain. The RSI-F is considered a tool to examine the evolution of psychosocial factors and therefore the risk of chronicity and the prognostic of pain. Further evaluations, such as internal, external validity, and responsiveness should be evaluated in a larger population. KW - RSI KW - translation-reliability KW - back-pain screening KW - yellow flags KW - psychosocial moderators Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58040469 SN - 1648-9144 VL - 58 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Kaunas Univ. of Medicine CY - Kaunas, Litauen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stuchtey, Fidelis Christin A1 - Block, Andrea A1 - Osei, Francis A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Lipid Biomarkers in Depression: Does Antidepressant Therapy Have an Impact? JF - Healthcare : open access journal N2 - Studies have revealed mixed results on how antidepressant drugs affect lipid profiles of patients with major depression disorder (MDD). Even less is known about how patients respond to a switch of antidepressant medication with respect to their metabolic profile. For this, effects of a switch in antidepressants medication on lipid markers were studied in MDD patients. 15 participants (females = 86.67%; males = 13.33%; age: 49.45 ± 7.45 years) with MDD and a prescribed switch in their antidepressant medication were recruited at a psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic. Participants were characterized (with questionnaires and blood samples) at admission to the rehabilitation clinic (baseline, T0) and followed up with a blood sample two weeks (T1) later. HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined (T0), and their change analyzed (Wilcoxon test) at follow up (T1). Decrements in HDL (p = 0.041), LDL (p < 0.001), and total cholesterol (p < 0.001) were observed two weeks after a switch in antidepressant medication. Triglycerides showed no difference (p = 0.699). Overall, LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol are affected by a change in antidepressant drugs in patients with MDD. These observations are of clinical relevance for medical practitioners in the planning and management of treatment strategies for MDD patients. KW - major depressive disorder KW - antidepressants KW - high density lipoprotein cholesterol KW - HDL KW - low density lipoprotein cholesterol KW - LDL KW - cholesterol KW - triglycerides KW - lipids Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020333 SN - 2227-9032 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vilk, Ohad A1 - Aghion, Erez A1 - Avgar, Tal A1 - Beta, Carsten A1 - Nagel, Oliver A1 - Sabri, Adal A1 - Sarfati, Raphael A1 - Schwartz, Daniel K. A1 - Weiß, Matthias A1 - Krapf, Diego A1 - Nathan, Ran A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Assaf, Michael T1 - Unravelling the origins of anomalous diffusion BT - from molecules to migrating storks JF - Physical Review Research N2 - Anomalous diffusion or, more generally, anomalous transport, with nonlinear dependence of the mean-squared displacement on the measurement time, is ubiquitous in nature. It has been observed in processes ranging from microscopic movement of molecules to macroscopic, large-scale paths of migrating birds. Using data from multiple empirical systems, spanning 12 orders of magnitude in length and 8 orders of magnitude in time, we employ a method to detect the individual underlying origins of anomalous diffusion and transport in the data. This method decomposes anomalous transport into three primary effects: long-range correlations (“Joseph effect”), fat-tailed probability density of increments (“Noah effect”), and nonstationarity (“Moses effect”). We show that such a decomposition of real-life data allows us to infer nontrivial behavioral predictions and to resolve open questions in the fields of single-particle tracking in living cells and movement ecology. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033055 SN - 2643-1564 VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 033055-1 EP - 033055-16 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park, MD ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindner, Nadja A1 - Moeller, Korbinian A1 - Dresen, Verena A1 - Pixner, Silvia A1 - Lonnemann, Jan T1 - Children's spatial language skills predict their verbal number skills BT - A longitudinal study JF - PLOS ONE N2 - The process of number symbolization is assumed to be critically influenced by the acquisition of so-called verbal number skills (e.g., verbally reciting the number chain and naming Arabic numerals). For the acquisition of these verbal number skills, verbal and visuospatial skills are discussed as contributing factors. In this context, children’s verbal number skills have been found to be associated with their concurrent spatial language skills such as mastery of verbal descriptions of spatial position (e.g., in front of, behind). In a longitudinal study with three measurement times (T1, T2, T3) at an interval of about 6 months, we evaluated the predictive role of preschool children’s (mean age at T1: 3 years and 10 months) spatial language skills for the acquisition of verbal number skills. Children’s spatial language skills at T2 significantly predicted their verbal number skills at T3, when controlling for influences of important covariates such as vocabulary knowledge. In addition, further analyses replicated previous results indicating that children’s spatial language skills at T2 were associated with their verbal number skills at T2. Exploratory analyses further revealed that children’s verbal number skills at T1 predict their spatial language at T2. Results suggests that better spatial language skills at the age of 4 years facilitate the future acquisition of verbal number skills. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277026 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 17 IS - 10 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neuschäfer-Rube, Frank A1 - Pathe-Neuschäfer-Rube, Andrea A1 - Püschel, Gerhard Paul T1 - Discrimination of the activity of low-affinity wild-type and high-affinity mutant recombinant BoNT/B by a SIMA cell-based reporter release assay JF - Toxins N2 - Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is used for the treatment of a number of ailments. The activity of the toxin that is isolated from bacterial cultures is frequently tested in the mouse lethality assay. Apart from the ethical concerns inherent to this assay, species-specific differences in the affinity for different BoNT serotypes give rise to activity results that differ from the activity in humans. Thus, BoNT/B is more active in mice than in humans. The current study shows that the stimulus-dependent release of a luciferase from a differentiated human neuroblastoma–based reporter cell line (SIMA-hPOMC1-26-Gluc) was inhibited by clostridial and recombinant BoNT/A to the same extent, whereas both clostridial and recombinant BoNT/B inhibited the release to a lesser extent and only at much higher concentrations, reflecting the low activity of BoNT/B in humans. By contrast, the genetically modified BoNT/B-MY, which has increased affinity for human synaptotagmin, and the BoNT/B protein receptor inhibited luciferase release effectively and with an EC50 comparable to recombinant BoNT/A. This was due to an enhanced uptake into the reporter cells of BoNT/B-MY in comparison to the recombinant wild-type toxin. Thus, the SIMA-hPOMC1-26-Gluc cell assay is a versatile tool to determine the activity of different BoNT serotypes providing human-relevant dose-response data. KW - cell-based assay KW - genetically modified BoNT KW - BoNT/B uptake Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14010065 SN - 2072-6651 VL - 14 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seckler, Henrik A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Bayesian deep learning for error estimation in the analysis of anomalous diffusion JF - Nature Communnications N2 - Modern single-particle-tracking techniques produce extensive time-series of diffusive motion in a wide variety of systems, from single-molecule motion in living-cells to movement ecology. The quest is to decipher the physical mechanisms encoded in the data and thus to better understand the probed systems. We here augment recently proposed machine-learning techniques for decoding anomalous-diffusion data to include an uncertainty estimate in addition to the predicted output. To avoid the Black-Box-Problem a Bayesian-Deep-Learning technique named Stochastic-Weight-Averaging-Gaussian is used to train models for both the classification of the diffusionmodel and the regression of the anomalous diffusion exponent of single-particle-trajectories. Evaluating their performance, we find that these models can achieve a wellcalibrated error estimate while maintaining high prediction accuracies. In the analysis of the output uncertainty predictions we relate these to properties of the underlying diffusion models, thus providing insights into the learning process of the machine and the relevance of the output. KW - random-walk KW - models Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34305-6 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 13 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiß, Norman A1 - Lanzl, Theresa T1 - Die wechselvolle Geschichte der Mitgliedschaft Russlands im Europarat JF - Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht N2 - Der russische Angriffskrieg auf die Ukraine hat auch die Europäische Menschenrechtsarchitektur ins Wanken gebracht. Der Europarat reagierte schnell und beendete die Mitgliedschaft der Russischen Föderation. Aus diesem Anlass blickt der Beitrag zurück auf die wechselvolle Geschichte der Mitgliedschaft Russlands im Europarat. Seit dem Beitritt vor 26 Jahren haben Konfrontationen die – oftmals kurzen– Phasen der Kooperation überschattet. Das wirft die Frage auf, inwieweit die „Politik des Dialogs“ gegenüber der Russischen Föderation geeignet war, die Menschenrechtslage in Russland zu verbessern. Der Beitrag legt zudem die rechtlichen Grundlagen von Beitritt und Ende der Mitgliedschaft dar und untersucht, wie sich der Ausschluss auf die Anwendbarkeit der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention (EMRK) auswirkt. Der Ausschluss Russlands stellt einen Wendepunkt dar. Zwar wird damit ein potenziell gefährlicher Präzedenzfall geschaffen. Jedoch entsteht durch die geschlossene Reaktion der restlichen Mitgliedstaaten auch ein Momentum für Reformen und eine Rückbesinnung auf das Gründungsziel des Europarates – die kollektive Durchsetzung der Menschenrechte. N2 - The Russian war of aggression on Ukraine has also shaken the European human rights architecture. The Council of Europe reacted quickly and terminated the Russian Federation's membership. On this occasion, the article looks back at the chequered history of Russia's membership in the Council of Europe. Since its accession 26 years ago, confrontations have overshadowed the - often brief - phases of cooperation. This raises the question of the extent to which the "policy of dialogue" towards the Russian Federation was suitable for improving the human rights situation in Russia. The article also sets out the legal basis for accession and the end of membership and examines how the exclusion affects the applicability of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Russia's exclusion represents a turning point. To be sure, it sets a potentially dangerous precedent. However, the united response of the remaining member states also creates momentum for reform and a return to the founding purpose of the Council of Europe - the collective enforcement of human rights. KW - Europarat KW - Russische Föderation KW - Ende der Mitgliedschaft Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17104/0044-2348-2022-4-801 SN - 0044-2348 SN - 0172-4770 VL - 82 IS - 4 SP - 801 EP - 829 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anders, Janet A1 - Sait, Connor R. J. A1 - Horsley, Simon A. R. T1 - Quantum Brownian motion for magnets JF - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics N2 - Spin precession in magnetic materials is commonly modelled with the classical phenomenological Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. Based on a quantized three-dimensional spin + environment Hamiltonian, we here derive a spin operator equation of motion that describes precession and includes a general form of damping that consistently accounts for memory, coloured noise and quantum statistics. The LLG equation is recovered as its classical, Ohmic approximation. We further introduce resonant Lorentzian system-reservoir couplings that allow a systematic comparison of dynamics between Ohmic and non-Ohmic regimes. Finally, we simulate the full non-Markovian dynamics of a spin in the semi-classical limit. At low temperatures, our numerical results demonstrate a characteristic reduction and flattening of the steady state spin alignment with an external field, caused by the quantum statistics of the environment. The results provide a powerful framework to explore general three-dimensional dissipation in quantum thermodynamics. KW - open quantum systems KW - coloured and quantum noise KW - memory effects KW - spin KW - dynamics KW - LLG equation KW - magnetisation KW - quantum thermodynamics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac4ef2 SN - 1367-2630 VL - 24 IS - 3 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reich, Karin ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Die Beziehungen zwischen Alexander von Humboldt und Hans Christian Ørsted BT - Treffen, Briefwechsel JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Hans Christian Ørsted gehörte zu den bedeutendsten Physikern seiner Zeit, er und Michael Faraday waren die Schöpfer des Elektromagnetismus. Ein erstes Treffen zwischen Alexander von Humboldt und Oersted fand im Frühjahr 1823 in Paris statt. Weitere Treffen folgten in Altona bzw. Hamburg im Jahr 1827, in Berlin 1828, in Berlin und Potsdam 1843 sowie in Kopenhagen 1845. Die erhaltenen Briefe – zwei Briefe von Humboldt an Ørsted sowie zwei Briefentwürfe von Oersted an Humboldt – gewähren weitere Einblicke in das gute Verhältnis, das diese beiden Wissenschaftler miteinander pflegten. Obwohl Ørsted eines der treuesten Mitglieder des Göttinger Magnetischen Vereins war und beste Beziehungen zu Gauß und Weber unterhielt, spielten im „Kosmos“ Ørsteds Beiträge zum Erdmagnetismus keine Rolle, hier wurden nur Ørsteds Beiträge zum Elektromagnetismus gewürdigt. N2 - Hans Christian Ørsted was one of the most famous physicists of his time, he and Michael Faraday founded the new discipline electromagnetism. A first meeting between Alexander von Humboldt and Ørsted took place in Paris in spring 1823. Several other meetings followed, 1827 in Altona respectively Hamburg, 1828 in Berlin, 1843 in Berlin and Potsdam and 1845 in Kopenhagen. The still existing four letters, two letters from Humboldt to Ørsted and two drafts from Ørsted to Humboldt, give an insight into the relationship, the two scientists were on good terms. Though Ørsted was one of the most important members of the Göttinger Magnetic Association and a real friend of Gauss and Weber, Ørsted’s contributions to terrestrial magnetism played no role in the „Kosmos“, there Humboldt admired only Ørsted’s contributions to electromagnetism. N2 - Hans Christian Ørsted était un des plus fameux physiciens de son temps. Lui est Michael Faraday ont établi la nouvelle discipline électromagnétisme. Au printemps de l’année 1823 Alexander von Humboldt et Ørsted se sont rencontrés pour la première fois à Paris. Plusieurs autres rencontres suivaient, à Altona ou à Hambourg en 1827, à Berlin en 1828, à Berlin ou Potsdam en 1843 et à Copenhague en 1845. Les quatre lettres conserves, deux lettres de Humboldt à Ørsted et deux esquisses de Oersted à Humboldt, illustrent la bonne relation entre les deux savants. Quoique Ørsted fût en des membres les plus importants de l’Association Magnétique de Gottingue“ et un ami étroit de Gauss et de Weber, ses contributions au magnétisme terrestre ne jouaient pas de role dans le „Cosmos“, Humboldt n’y admirait que les contributions de Ørsted à l’électromagnétisme. KW - Christian VIII. KW - Copley-Medaille KW - Elektromagnetismus KW - Erdmagnetismus KW - Friedrich Wilhelm IV. KW - Göttinger Magnetischer Verein KW - Humboldtscher Magnetischer Verein KW - Magnetisches Observatorium KW - Orden Pour le Mérite KW - Hans Christian Ørsted Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592381 SN - 2568-3543 SN - 1617-5239 VL - XXIII IS - 45 SP - 73 EP - 96 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ángel Puig-Samper, Miguel ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Humboldt and his geographical album of New Spain JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - During his trip to New Spain in 1803, Alexander von Humboldt visited large tracts of New Spanish territory, which includes modern Mexico and part of the United States. This trip provided the data for his geographical Atlas of the region, as well as information about the ancient Mexican cultures that he would later include in the general Atlas and in other major works, such as Vues des Cordillères. Likewise, Humboldt’s Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain displayed a comprehensive physical, natural, economic, and social description of Mexico in the colonial period, which will also be analysed. With these works, Humboldt presented a new geographical and cultural image of New Spain to the European audiences. In addition to this, his work made important contributions to cartographic knowledge. N2 - Alexander von Humboldt en su viaje a Nueva España en 1803 tuvo la oportunidad de viajar por gran parte del territorio novohispano, que incluye Mexico y parte de del actual territorio de Estados Unidos. Este viaje le permitió preparar un Atlas geográfico de la región, además de obtener información sobre las antiguas culturas mexicanas que luego plasmará en el Atlas general del viaje y en algunas de sus principales obras como Vues des Cordillères. Asimismo, Humboldt hizo una excelente descripción física, natural, económica y social de México en la época colonial en su Ensayo político sobre el Reino de la Nueva España que también será analizado. Con estas obras Humboldt logró ofrecer una nueva imagen del territorio novohispano y sus riquezas al mundo europeo, así como un conocimiento cartográfico de gran importancia. N2 - Alexander von Humboldt, lors de son voyage en Nouvelle-Espagne en 1803, a eu l’occasion de parcourir une grande partie du territoire de la Nouvelle-Espagne, qui comprend le Mexique et une partie du territoire actuel des États-Unis. Ce voyage lui a permis de préparer un Atlas géographique de la région, ainsi que d’obtenir des informations sur les anciennes cultures mexicaines qu'il inclura plus tard dans l’Atlas général du voyage et dans certaines de ses œuvres principales comme Vues des Cordillères. Humboldt a également donné une excellente description physique, naturelle, économique et sociale du Mexique à l’époque coloniale dans son Essai Politique sur le Royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne, qui sera également analysé. Avec ces travaux, Humboldt a réussi à offrir au monde européen une nouvelle image du Nouveau territoire espagnol et de ses richesses, de même qu’une connaissance cartographique de grande importance. KW - New Spain KW - Mexico KW - geographical album Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592335 SN - 2568-3543 SN - 1617-5239 VL - XXIII IS - 45 SP - 29 EP - 71 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ette, Ottmar ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Alexander von Humboldt im Archiv BT - die Entstehung eines neuen Humboldt-Bildes aus dem mobilen Blick in vergangene Zukünfte JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Der Aufsatz erschließt die Anfänge, Ergebnisse und Erfolge der editionsphilologischen Arbeit im laufenden Projekt des BBAW-Langzeitvorhabens „Alexander von Humboldt auf Reisen – Wissenschaft aus der Bewegung“ und gibt einen Überblick über die Zukünfte philologischen Arbeitens mit den Methoden der Digital Humanities. Dabei werden auch bibliophile Druckausgaben digitaler Publikationen und die kontinuierliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Figur Alexander von Humboldts in den Blick genommen, was durch zahlreiche Vernetzungen zwischen Institutionen international gefördert und durch kontinuierliche Kooperationen insbesondere durch das neu gegründete Humboldt Center for Transdisciplinary Studies (HCTS) in China/Changsha erweitert wird. Diskutiert wird die wissenschaftliche Bedeutung der graphischen und visuellen Dimension des Humboldt’schen Archivs, die durch die digitale Aufbereitung des Materials Forscher:innen weltweit miteinander verbindet und neue Forschungskonzepte eröffnet. N2 - The article opens up the beginnings, results and successes of the philological work on the digital scholarly editions in the current project of the BBAW long-term project “Travelling Humboldt – Science on the Move” and gives an overview of the future of philological methods within the Digital Humanities. It focuses also on bibliophilic print editions of digital publications and the ongoing public relations work of Alexander von Humboldt’s figure, which is promoted internationally through numerous networks between institutions and expanded through ongoing collaborations, especially through the newly founded Humboldt Center for Transdisciplinary Studies (HCTS) in China/Changsha. The article discusses the scientific significance of the graphic and visual dimension of Humboldt’s archive, which connects researchers worldwide through the digital realization of the material and gives rise to new research concepts. N2 - El artículo expone los inicios, resultados y éxitos del trabajo filológico de edición en el proyecto actual de la BBAW “Humboldt Viajero – Ciencia en movimiento“. En ese contexto ofrece una visión general del futuro del trabajo filológico con los métodos de las Humanidades Digitales. También se prestará atención a las ediciones impresas bibliófilas de las publicaciones digitales y a las relaciones públicas de la figura de Alexander von Humboldt, que se promueve internacionalmente a través de numerosas redes entre instituciones y se amplía mediante colaboraciones continuas, especialmente a través del recién fundado Centro Humboldt de Estudios Transdisciplinarios (HCTS) en China/Changsha. Se debatirá la importancia académica de la dimensión gráfica y visual del archivo de Humboldt, que conecta a investigadores de todo el mundo a través del realización digital del material y abre nuevos conceptos de investigación. KW - edition humboldt digital KW - edition humboldt print Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592326 SN - 2568-3543 SN - 1617-5239 VL - XXIII IS - 45 SP - 13 EP - 28 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biermann, Kurt-Reinhard ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Kurt-R. Biermann: Die Datierung der Briefe Alexander von Humboldts BT - dargestellt als Modellfall für die editorische Bearbeitung naturwissenschaftlicher Briefe und Dokumente (Mit einer einleitenden Bemerkung von Ingo Schwarz) JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies KW - Kurt-R. Biermann KW - Briefeditionen KW - Geschichte der Alexander-von-Humboldt-Forschung KW - Datierung von Briefen Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592404 SN - 2568-3543 SN - 1617-5239 VL - XXIII IS - 45 SP - 97 EP - 106 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Päßler, Ulrich A1 - Schwarz, Ingo ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Ein Brief Alexander von Humboldts an Charles-Guillaume Étienne JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Dieser Artikel skizziert erstmals Alexander von Humboldts Verbindung zu dem französischen Dramatiker, Parlamentarier und Miteigentümer der Tageszeitung „Le Constitutionnel“ Charles-Guillaume Étienne (1777–1845). Wir veröffentlichen das einzige bislang bekannte Schreiben Humboldts an Étienne und stellen Erwähnungen Humboldts sowie seines gelehrten Netzwerkes in „Le Constitutionnel“ der Jahre 1821 bis 1826 zusammen. Die Dokumente machen deutlich, wie Humboldt Zeitungsberichte für seine wissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit einsetzte. N2 - This article outlines for the first time Alexander von Humboldt’s connection to the French playwright, parliamentarian, and co-owner of the daily newspaper “Le Constitutionnel” Charles-Guillaume Étienne (1777–1845). We publish the only letter from Humboldt to Étienne known to date and compile references to Humboldt as well as his scholarly network in “Le Constitutionnel” from 1821 to 1826. The documents illustrate how Humboldt made use of newspaper reports to manage his scientific public relations. N2 - Cet article expose pour la première fois les liens entre Alexander von Humboldt et l’auteur dramatique, parlementaire et copropriétaire du quotidien « Le Constitutionnel » Charles-Guillaume Étienne (1777–1845). Nous publions la seule lettre de Humboldt à Étienne actuellement connue et compilons les mentions à Humboldt ainsi qu’à son réseau savant dans « Le Constitutionnel » de 1821 à 1826. Les documents illustrent comment Humboldt a utilisé les articles de journaux pour sa communication scientifique. KW - Korrespondenz Alexander von Humboldts KW - Wissenschaftsförderung KW - Publizistik Le Costitutionnel Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592295 SN - 2568-3543 SN - 1617-5239 VL - XXIII IS - 45 SP - 5 EP - 11 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holl, Frank ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Hinweis zum Beitrag von Irene Prüfer Leske in HiN, Bd. 22, Nr. 43 (2021) JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies KW - Aimé Bonpland KW - Irene Prüfer Leske KW - Avé-Lallemant KW - Stephen Bell Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-590028 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 173 EP - 173 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz-Lüpertz, Eberhard ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Alexander von Humboldt und Ulrich Jasper Seetzen BT - auf den Spuren eines Helgoland-Briefs JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Die beiden Forschungsreisenden Alexander von Humboldt und Ulrich Jasper Seetzen haben sich während der gemeinsamen Studienzeit in Göttingen kennengelernt und sich dort über ihre Arbeiten zur Naturkunde ausgetauscht. Später brach Seetzen, wie Humboldt, zu einer großen Expedition auf, die ihn als ersten Europäer durch das zentrale Afrika führen sollte. Seine Forschungen im Nahen Osten gelten bis heute als Pionierleistungen der Orientalistik. Das Unternehmen fand auf der arabischen Halbinsel ein vorzeitiges, tragisches Ende. Über die Beziehung der beiden Kommilitonen während ihrer Göttinger Zeit war bislang wenig bekannt. Ein kürzlich entdecktes Brieffragment ermöglicht neue Einblicke. Es erweist sich als eine Abschrift Seetzens aus einem bislang unbekannten Brief des einundzwanzigjährigen Humboldt über dessen Helgolandreise 1790. Im Zusammenhang mit weiteren Quellen kann diese Jugendfreundschaft nun besser bewertet werden. N2 - Alexander von Humboldt and the Frisian naturalist Ulrich Jasper Seetzen met in 1789 during their studies at the University of Göttingen. They shared common scientific interests in natural history. Later Seetzen, like Humboldt, conducted a multidisciplinary expedition which was meant to encompass the Middle East, Arabia and, as a final destination, central Africa which he intended to traverse as the first European traveller. The expedition came to an abrupt end in Yemen. This short description of Seetzen’s life and work focuses on his early relation to Humboldt. The paper centers around an investigation of a manuscript written by Seetzen which turns out to be an excerpt of a so far unknown letter by the 21-year-old Humboldt featuring a short observation abstract of his journey to the North Sea island Helgoland in 1790. N2 - Les deux voyageurs scientifiques Alexandre de Humboldt et Ulrich Jasper Seetzen se sont connus au cours de leurs études universitaires à Goettingen. Ce fut là qu’ils se sont échangés sur la connaissance de la nature. Comme Humboldt, Seetzen partit pour une grande expédition qui devait le conduire, en tant que premier Européen, à l’Afrique centrale. Ses recherches au Proche-Orient sont considérées, aujourd’hui même, comme des travaux pionniers de l’orientalisme. A la péninsule arabe, son entreprise échoua d’une façon tragique. Peu de chose est connu, jusqu’à présent, de leurs relations pendant leurs études à Goettingen. Le fragment d‘’une lettre récemment découverte nous permet d’en savoir plus. Il s’agit de la copie de la main de Seetzen d’une lettre, inconnue jusqu’à maintenant, du jeune Humboldt âgé de 21 anssur son voyagew à lîle de Helgoland en 1790. A l’aide d’autres sources en plus, l’amitié entre les deux jeunes peut être évalué d’une façon plus précise. KW - Ulrich Jasper Seetzen KW - Helgoland Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589870 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 95 EP - 130 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hülsenberg, Dagmar ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Anwendung naturwissenschaftlicher und kameralistischer Erkenntnisse auf die Verarbeitung von Rohstoffen durch den jungen Alexander von Humboldt JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Alexander von Humboldt gehört zu den ersten Fachleuten, die für die sichere Beherrschung technischer und ökonomischer Prozesse gleichzeitig naturwissenschaftliche und kameralistische Kenntnisse anwendeten und dabei weiterentwickelten. Durch die allseitige Betrachtung von Herstellungsvorgängen gelang es ihm, für seine Vorgesetzten gut durchdachte Vorschläge zur Gestaltung der Rohstoffverarbeitung zu formulieren. Nach einigen Fakten aus seinem kameralistischen und hüttenmännischen Studium wird das anhand von Beispielen belegt. Dazu gehören u. a. die Anlage von Gradierwerken, der Einsatz hochwertiger Rohstoffe in der Steingutfertigung, die Anwendung von Komplexrohstoffen zur Glasschmelze, die Auswahl effektiver Wasserräder, die Dimensionierung der Gaskanäle in Porzellanbrennöfen sowie der Einsatz von Flussmitteln für die Roheisenschmelze. Bei der Ausreichung eines königlichen Kredites für die Blaufarbenherstellung zeigte sich der Kameralist. N2 - Alexander von Humboldt was one of the first experts to apply simultaneously scientific and fiscal (cameralistic) knowledge for mastering and developing technological and economic processes. Based on thorough observations of manufacturing processes he wrote reports to his supervisors which included well-founded suggestions for improving the processing of raw materials. This paper provides some facts about Humboldt’s studies in fiscal accounting and metallurgy, and discusses examples which show how he used his expertise for developing technological processes. These examples refer for instance to the installation of walls made of branches and twigs that allow salt water to evaporate, the use of high-quality raw materials for pottery, complex raw materials for glass melting, the choice of the most efficient water wheels, porcelain furnaces with optimal gas channels and the use of fluxing agents for the melt of pig-iron. Similarly, Humboldt revealed his economic acumen by advising on loans from the Crown for cobalt blue manufacturing. N2 - Alexander von Humboldt fue uno de los primeros expertos en aplicar al mismo tiempo el conocimiento científico y fiscal (cameralismo) para dominar y desarrollar procesos tecnológicos y económicos. Sobre la base de observaciones exhaustivas de los procesos de fabricación, escribió informes a sus supervisores que incluían sugerencias bien fundamentadas para mejorar el procesamiento de las materias primas. Este artículo proporciona algunos datos sobre los estudios de Humboldt en contabilidad fiscal y metalurgia, y analiza ejemplos que muestran cómo utilizó su experiencia para desarrollar procesos tecnológicos. Estos ejemplos se refieren, por ejemplo, a la instalación de torres de graduación salina, el uso de materias primas de alta calidad en la producción cerámica, materias primas complejas para fundir vidrio, la elección de las ruedas hidráulicas más eficientes, el dimensionamiento de los conductos de gas en hornos de porcelana con canales de gas óptimos y el uso de agentes fundentes para la fundición de arrabio. Del mismo modo, Humboldt reveló su perspicacia económica al asesorar sobre préstamos de la Corona para la fabricación de azul cobalto. KW - Naturwissenschaft KW - Ökonomie KW - Rohstoffverarbeitung KW - Technologie KW - Komplexität Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589363 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 33 EP - 57 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stottmeister, Ulrich ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Der Mineraloge August Schmidt und die Entdeckung der Ural-Diamanten 1829 BT - Teil II: Schmidts wissenschaftlicher Diamanten-Beweis und sein weiteres Schicksal im Ural JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Aus Archivfunden und historischen Zeitungsberichten rekonstruiert der Artikel die Lebensspuren von August Schmidt (1802–1832) während seiner Tätigkeit im Ural als Mineraloge und Bergwerksverwalter. Ausführlich werden die von Schmidt angewendeten naturwissenschaftlichen Analysemethoden beschrieben, mit denen ihm der eindeutige Nachweis der ersten gefundenen Ural-Diamanten gelang. Schmidt überbrachte Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) einen der Diamanten als Geschenk seines Vorgesetzten, Adolphe Graf von Polier (1795–1830), und erhielt die Gelegenheit, Humboldt seine eigenen Ideen zur technischen Modernisierung und zur Energieeinsparung vorzustellen. Der frühe Tod von August Schmidt, der im Ural Fjodor Fjodorowitsch Schmidt genannt wurde, verhinderte weitgehend die Verwirklichung dieser Ideen und führte durch die Vornamensunterschiede zu gerichtlichen Auseinandersetzungen um seinen Nachlass. N2 - August Schmidt (1802–1832) during his time in the Urals as a mineralogist and mining administrator. The scientific analysis methods used by Schmidt with which he was able to clearly identify the first Ural diamonds found are described in detail. Schmidt presented Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) one of the diamonds as a gift from his superior, Adolphe Comte de Polier (1795–1830), and was given the opportunity to present Humboldt his own ideas for technical modernization and energy economy. The early death of August Schmidt, who was called Fyodor Fyodorovich Schmidt in the Urals, largely prevented the realization of these ideas and led to legal disputes over his estate due to the difference in first names. N2 - В статье на основе архивных материалов и исторических газетных сообщений реконструируется жизнь Августа Шмидта (1802–1832 гг.) во время его работы на Урале в качестве минералога и Управляющего рудником. Подробно описаны методы научного анализа, использованные Шмидтом, с помощью которых он смог однозначно идентифицировать первые найденные уральские алмазы. Шмидт передал Александру фон Гумбольдту (1769–1859) один из алмазов в качестве подарка от своего начальника, графа Адольфа Польера (1795–1830), и получил возможность представить Гумбольдту свои собственные идеи по технической модернизации и энергосбережению. Ранняя смерть Августа Шмидта, которого на Урале называли Фёдором Фёдоровичем Шмидтом, во многом помешала реализации этих идей и привела к судебным спорам по делам его наследствa из-за разного написания имени. KW - Diamanten-Identifikation KW - Gespräch mit Humboldt KW - August Schmidt KW - Mineralogie Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589945 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 131 EP - 160 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Korneffel, Peter ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Alexander von Humboldt postfrisch BT - die Rezeption des deutschen Naturforschers in der weltweiten Philatelie JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Seit 1950 erschienen weltweit über hundert Briefmarken mit Alexander von Humboldt und/oder seinen grafischen Arbeiten als Motive. Peter Korneffel verarbeitete die komplette Sammlung der Marken aus über 25 Ländern zu dem Buch Alexander von Humboldt. Weltmarken sowie zu mehreren philatelistischen Ausstellungen und Vorträgen. Der Festvortrag vom 5.9.2019 in Berlin zum offiziellen Erscheinen der Sonderbriefmarke 250. Geburtstag Alexander von Humboldt bildet die Grundlage zu diesem Beitrag. Die Motive, ihre Gestaltung, ihre thematische Kontextualisierung, sowie die Herausgeber und die Zeitpunkte des Erscheinens der jeweiligen Briefmarken dokumentieren eine teils zufällige und teils überraschende Humboldt-Rezeption. Recherchierte Hintergründe zu den Ausgaben und Illustrationen vertiefen hierin eine bislang weitestgehend unbekannte Rezeptionsgeschichte. N2 - Desde 1950, han aparecido en todo el mundo más de 100 sellos con Alexander von Humboldt y/o sus obras gráficas como motivo. Peter Korneffel procesó la colección completa de sellos de más de 25 países en el libro Alexander von Humboldt. Weltmarken, así como para varias exposiciones filatélicas y conferencias. La conferencia conmemorativa del 5 de Septiembre 2019 en Berlín con motivo del lanzamiento oficial del sello de emisión especial 250 aniversario de Alexander von Humboldt. Los motivos, su diseño, su contextualización temática, así como los editores y las fechas de emisión de los respectivos sellos documentan una recepción de Humboldt en parte casual y en parte sorprendente. La información de fondo investigada sobre los temas y las ilustraciones proporcionan una mirada en profundidad a una historia hasta ahora muy desconocida de la recepción de Humboldt. N2 - Since 1950, more than 100 stamps with Alexander von Humboldt and/or his graphic works as motifs have appeared worldwide. Peter Korneffel processed the complete collection of stamps from over 25 countries into the book Alexander von Humboldt. Weltmarken as well as for several philatelic exhibitions and lectures. The commemorative lecture on 5 September 2019 in Berlin on the occasion of the official release of the special issue stamp 250th Birthday of Alexander von Humboldt. The motifs, their design, their thematic contextualisation, as well as the publishers and the dates of issue of the respective stamps document a partly coincidental and partly surprising Humboldt reception. Researched background information on the issues and illustrations provide an in-depth look at a hitherto largely unknown history of Humboldt's reception. KW - Philatelie Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589433 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 59 EP - 82 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lee, Jie-Oun ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Erzählstrategien eines transdisziplinären Naturforschers JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - In dieser vorliegenden Untersuchung habe ich versucht, mit den narratologischen Methoden die spezifische Erzählweise in Alexander von Humboldts Kosmos herauszufinden und sie auf ihre naturanschaulichen Implikationen hin zu deuten. Wir konnten im Kosmos einen Erzähler feststellen, den man in der Literaturwissenschaft als einen auktorialen Erzähler bezeichnen würde. Dieser Erzähler verwandelt sich im Laufe der Zeit in andere Erzählfiguren wie in die „denkende Betrachtung“, den „ordnenden Geist“ usw. Die Natur wird von ihrem Standpunkt aus erlebend beschrieben. In konkreten Textteilen tritt ein Textsubjekt auf, das sich mithilfe der „Analogien“, „Person als Authentizität“ und „modaler Werte“ als kompetentes Diskurs-Subjekt des jeweiligen naturwissenschaftlichen Bereichs konstituiert. Die erzählstrategischen oder epistemischen Stichworte im Kosmos sind naturwissenschaftliches Wissen, Experimente, Messen, Beobachten und die neuesten Messinstrumente. Neben ihnen sind Analogie, Authentizität und modale Werte wichtige erzählerische Episteme. N2 - In this study, I tried to use narratological methods to find out specific narrative characteristics in Alexander von Humboldt’s Kosmos and to point them out to their view of nature. We were able to identify a narrator in Kosmos who would be called an ‘omniscient narrator’ in literary studies. In the course of time, this narrator transforms into other narrative characters such as ‘thinking contemplation/denkende Betrachtung’, ‘organizing spirit/ordnenden Geist’ etc. Nature is described from its point of view. In concrete parts of the text, a text-subject appears which, with the help of ‘analogies’, ‘person as authenticity’ and ‘modal values’, constitutes itself as a competent discourse-subject of the respective scientific area. The narrative strategic or epistemic keywords in Kosmos are scientific knowledge, experiments, measurement, observation and the latest measuring instruments. Alongside them, analogy, authenticity, and modal values are important narrative episteme. N2 - Dans cette étude, j’ai essayé d’utiliser des méthodes narratives pour trouver des caractéristiques narratives spécifiques dans Kosmos et les mettre en évidence dans leur vision de la nature. Nous avons pu identifier un narrateur dans le Kosmos d’Alexander von Humboldt qui serait considéré comme « narrateur omniscient » dans les études littéraires. Au fil du temps, ce narrateur se transforme en d'autres personnages narratifs tels que « la contemplation de la pensée/denkende Betrachtung », « l’organisation de l’esprit/ordnenden Geist », etc. La nature est décrite de son point de vue. Dans les parties concrètes du texte, un sujet apparaît dans le texte et, à l’aide d’« analogies », de « personne comme authenticité » et de « valeurs modales », se constitue lui-même comme un sujet de discours compétent dans le domaine scientifique concerné. Les mots-clés narratifs stratégiques ou épistémiques dans Kosmos sont les connaissances scientifiques, les expériences, la mesure, l’observation et les derniers instruments de mesure. L’analogie, l’authenticité et les valeurs modales y sont aussi des épisodes narratifs importants. KW - Kosmos KW - Erzählweise KW - Humboldtian Writing Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589836 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 83 EP - 94 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Petra ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Ernste Kunst kann nicht gedeihen ohne Gunst BT - Mäzene und Unterstützer des Malers Albert Berg (1825–1884) JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Albert Berg (1825–1884) was the first director of the Silesian Art Museum in Breslau. He was supported by a network of sponsors, who advised him on planning his trips and bought paintings (or arranged purchases). A particularly important mentor beginning in 1849 was Alexander von Humboldt, also the singer Amalie Joachim. Berg made a number of important contacts with fellow students during his law studies in Bonn. He formed a particularly close relationship with Friedrich Franz II von Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who, in 1844, invited Berg to a journey. This expedition marked the beginning of a lifelong friendship. Friedrich Franz II bought numerous paintings from Berg and worked behind the scenes to organize Berg's career. N2 - Albert Berg (1825–1884) fue el director del nuevo Museo Silesio de Arte de Breslau. Una red de protectores le apoyó materiel y moralmente. Un mentor particularmente importante fue, desde 1849, Alexander von Humboldt. Hay que mencionar como protectora a la cantante Amalie Joachim. Durante sus estudios de Derecho en Bonn, Albert Berg trabó relaciones estrechas con compañeros de estudios. Una relación especialmente estrecha le unió a Friedrich Franz II. de Mecklemburgo-Schwerin, a quien también había conocido en Bonn y quien en 1844 le invitó a un viaje. Esta expedición de varios meses marcó a Albert Berg no solamente como artista – como lo haría, más tarde, su expedición por América del Sur. También fue el comienzo de una amistad para toda la vida. Además de intercambiar opiniones sobre cuestiones artísticas, Friedrich Franz II. apoyó al pintor. No sólo adquirió cuadros suyos, sino que además intercedió por Albert Berg. N2 - Albert Berg (1825–1884) był od 1880 r. aż do śmierci dyrektorem Śląskiego Muzeum Sztuk Pięknych we Wrocławiu. Materialnie i moralnie wspierała go sieć mecenasów, którzy doradzali mu w planowaniu podróży, kupowali obrazy, organizowali zakupy. Szczególnie ważnym mentorem był od 1849 r. Alexander von Humboldt. Kolejnym zwolennikiem była śpiewaczka Amalie Joachim przyjęła tymczasowo malarza do swojego domu. Podczas studiów prawniczych w Bonn Albert Berg nawiązał kilka ważnych kontaktów z kolegami, m.in. z synem ministra kultury A. von Bethmann-Hollweg Felixem. Szczególnie bliskie stosunki łączyły Alberta Berga z Fryderykiem Franciszkiem II Meklemburgii i Schwerina, którego poznał również w Bonn i który zaprosił go w 1844 r. na wspólną podróż do Włoch i na Wschód. Ta kilkumiesięczna wyprawa była dla Alberta Berga nie tylko artystycznie formująca – podobnie jak późniejsza wyprawa do Ameryki Południowej – ale także dała początek przyjaźni na całe życie. Oprócz wymiany w sprawach artystycznych, Fryderyk Franciszek II pomagał malarzowi. Nie tylko kupował od niego liczne obrazy, ale także prowadził na jego rzecz zakulisową kampanię, pomagając m.in. w zorganizowaniu jego udziału w wyprawie Prusów do Azji Wschodniej. KW - Chimära KW - Mecklenburg-Schwerin KW - Netzwerk KW - adeliges Pflanzendarstellungen in Südamerika KW - Reisebilder Italien KW - Lykien KW - Rhodos KW - Reiserouten auf Humboldts Spuren KW - Ostasienexpedition KW - preußische Universitäten Berlin und Bonn KW - Verlust von Kunstwerken aus deutschen Museen KW - Mäzenatentum in der Kunst Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589975 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 161 EP - 171 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seckler, Henrik A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Bayesian deep learning for error estimation in the analysis of anomalous diffusion JF - Nature Communications N2 - Modern single-particle-tracking techniques produce extensive time-series of diffusive motion in a wide variety of systems, from single-molecule motion in living-cells to movement ecology. The quest is to decipher the physical mechanisms encoded in the data and thus to better understand the probed systems. We here augment recently proposed machine-learning techniques for decoding anomalous-diffusion data to include an uncertainty estimate in addition to the predicted output. To avoid the Black-Box-Problem a Bayesian-Deep-Learning technique named Stochastic-Weight-Averaging-Gaussian is used to train models for both the classification of the diffusion model and the regression of the anomalous diffusion exponent of single-particle-trajectories. Evaluating their performance, we find that these models can achieve a well-calibrated error estimate while maintaining high prediction accuracies. In the analysis of the output uncertainty predictions we relate these to properties of the underlying diffusion models, thus providing insights into the learning process of the machine and the relevance of the output.
Diffusive motions in complex environments such as living biological cells or soft matter systems can be analyzed with single-particle-tracking approaches, where accuracy of output may vary. The authors involve a machine-learning technique for decoding anomalous-diffusion data and provide an uncertainty estimate together with predicted output. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34305-6 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Nature portfolio CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krause, Hannes-Vincent A1 - Große Deters, Fenne A1 - Baumann, Annika A1 - Krasnova, Hanna T1 - Active social media use and its impact on well-being BT - an experimental study on the effects of posting pictures on Instagram JF - Journal of computer-mediated communication : a journal of the International Communication Association N2 - Active use of social networking sites (SNSs) has long been assumed to benefit users' well-being. However, this established hypothesis is increasingly being challenged, with scholars criticizing its lack of empirical support and the imprecise conceptualization of active use. Nevertheless, with considerable heterogeneity among existing studies on the hypothesis and causal evidence still limited, a final verdict on its robustness is still pending. To contribute to this ongoing debate, we conducted a week-long randomized control trial with N = 381 adult Instagram users recruited via Prolific. Specifically, we tested how active SNS use, operationalized as picture postings on Instagram, affects different dimensions of well-being. The results depicted a positive effect on users' positive affect but null findings for other well-being outcomes. The findings broadly align with the recent criticism against the active use hypothesis and support the call for a more nuanced view on the impact of SNSs.
Lay Summary Active use of social networking sites (SNSs) has long been assumed to benefit users' well-being. However, this established assumption is increasingly being challenged, with scholars criticizing its lack of empirical support and the imprecise conceptualization of active use. Nevertheless, with great diversity among conducted studies on the hypothesis and a lack of causal evidence, a final verdict on its viability is still pending. To contribute to this ongoing debate, we conducted a week-long experimental investigation with 381 adult Instagram users. Specifically, we tested how posting pictures on Instagram affects different aspects of well-being. The results of this study depicted a positive effect of posting Instagram pictures on users' experienced positive emotions but no effects on other aspects of well-being. The findings broadly align with the recent criticism against the active use hypothesis and support the call for a more nuanced view on the impact of SNSs on users. KW - social networking sites KW - social media KW - Instagram KW - well-being KW - experiment KW - randomized control trial Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmac037 SN - 1083-6101 VL - 28 IS - 1 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, Carolin A1 - Voigt, Christian C. T1 - Diet analysis of bats killed at wind turbines suggests large-scale losses of trophic interactions JF - Conservation science and practice N2 - Agricultural practice has led to landscape simplification and biodiversity decline, yet recently, energy-producing infrastructures, such as wind turbines, have been added to these simplified agroecosystems, turning them into multi-functional energy-agroecosystems. Here, we studied the trophic interactions of bats killed at wind turbines using a DNA metabarcoding approach to shed light on how turbine-related bat fatalities may possibly affect local habitats. Specifically, we identified insect DNA in the stomachs of common noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) killed by wind turbines in Germany to infer in which habitats these bats hunted. Common noctule bats consumed a wide variety of insects from different habitats, ranging from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., wetlands, farmland, forests, and grasslands). Agricultural and silvicultural pest insects made up about 20% of insect species consumed by the studied bats. Our study suggests that the potential damage of wind energy production goes beyond the loss of bats and the decline of bat populations. Bat fatalities at wind turbines may lead to the loss of trophic interactions and ecosystem services provided by bats, which may add to the functional simplification and impaired crop production, respectively, in multi-functional ecosystems. KW - bat fatalities KW - biodiversity decline KW - food web KW - green-green dilemma KW - renewable energy KW - wind energy production KW - wind energy-biodiversity conflict Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12744 SN - 2578-4854 VL - 4 IS - 7 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Püschel, Gerhard A1 - Klauder, Julia A1 - Henkel-Oberländer, Janin T1 - Macrophages, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia BT - A mutual ambiguous relationship in the development of metabolic diseases JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal N2 - Metabolic derangement with poor glycemic control accompanying overweight and obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages, which present a very heterogeneous population of cells, play a key role in the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis, but functional alterations in the resident macrophage pool as well as newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages are important drivers in the development of low-grade inflammation. While metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and tissue damage may trigger or advance pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages, the inflammation itself contributes to the development of insulin resistance and the resulting hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages express insulin receptors whose downstream signaling networks share a number of knots with the signaling pathways of pattern recognition and cytokine receptors, which shape macrophage polarity. The shared knots allow insulin to enhance or attenuate both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophage responses. This supposedly physiological function may be impaired by hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance in macrophages. This review discusses the mutual ambiguous relationship of low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and the insulin-dependent modulation of macrophage activity with a focus on adipose tissue and liver. KW - NAFLD/MAFLD KW - type 2 diabetes KW - obesity KW - vicious cycle KW - TLR signaling KW - M1/M2 differentiation KW - Akt pathway Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154358 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 11 IS - 15 SP - 1 EP - 30 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Vladova, Gergana A1 - Eigelshoven, Felix A1 - Renz, André T1 - Data mining of scientific research on artificial intelligence in teaching and administration in higher education institutions BT - a bibliometrics analysis and recommendation for future research JF - Discover artificial intelligence N2 - Teaching and learning as well as administrative processes are still experiencing intensive changes with the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and its diverse application opportunities in the context of higher education. Therewith, the scientific interest in the topic in general, but also specific focal points rose as well. However, there is no structured overview on AI in teaching and administration processes in higher education institutions that allows to identify major research topics and trends, and concretizing peculiarities and develops recommendations for further action. To overcome this gap, this study seeks to systematize the current scientific discourse on AI in teaching and administration in higher education institutions. This study identified an (1) imbalance in research on AI in educational and administrative contexts, (2) an imbalance in disciplines and lack of interdisciplinary research, (3) inequalities in cross-national research activities, as well as (4) neglected research topics and paths. In this way, a comparative analysis between AI usage in administration and teaching and learning processes, a systematization of the state of research, an identification of research gaps as well as further research path on AI in higher education institutions are contributed to research. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-022-00031-7 SN - 2731-0809 VL - 2 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moreno, Eduardo A1 - Großmann, Robert A1 - Beta, Carsten A1 - Alonso, Sergio T1 - From single to collective motion of social amoebae BT - a computational study of interacting cells JF - Frontiers in physics N2 - The coupling of the internal mechanisms of cell polarization to cell shape deformations and subsequent cell crawling poses many interdisciplinary scientific challenges. Several mathematical approaches have been proposed to model the coupling of both processes, where one of the most successful methods relies on a phase field that encodes the morphology of the cell, together with the integration of partial differential equations that account for the polarization mechanism inside the cell domain as defined by the phase field. This approach has been previously employed to model the motion of single cells of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, a widely used model organism to study actin-driven motility and chemotaxis of eukaryotic cells. Besides single cell motility, Dictyostelium discoideum is also well-known for its collective behavior. Here, we extend the previously introduced model for single cell motility to describe the collective motion of large populations of interacting amoebae by including repulsive interactions between the cells. We performed numerical simulations of this model, first characterizing the motion of single cells in terms of their polarity and velocity vectors. We then systematically studied the collisions between two cells that provided the basic interaction scenarios also observed in larger ensembles of interacting amoebae. Finally, the relevance of the cell density was analyzed, revealing a systematic decrease of the motility with density, associated with the formation of transient cell clusters that emerge in this system even though our model does not include any attractive interactions between cells. This model is a prototypical active matter system for the investigation of the emergent collective dynamics of deformable, self-driven cells with a highly complex, nonlinear coupling of cell shape deformations, self-propulsion and repulsive cell-cell interactions. Understanding these self-organization processes of cells like their autonomous aggregation is of high relevance as collective amoeboid motility is part of wound healing, embryonic morphogenesis or pathological processes like the spreading of metastatic cancer cells. KW - cell motility KW - cell polarity KW - reaction-diffusion models KW - cell-cell KW - interactions KW - phase field model KW - collective motion KW - active matter Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.750187 SN - 2296-424X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agne, Stefanie A1 - Preick, Michaela A1 - Straube, Nicolas A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Simultaneous Barcode Sequencing of Diverse Museum Collection Specimens Using a Mixed RNA Bait Set JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - A growing number of publications presenting results from sequencing natural history collection specimens reflect the importance of DNA sequence information from such samples. Ancient DNA extraction and library preparation methods in combination with target gene capture are a way of unlocking archival DNA, including from formalin-fixed wet-collection material. Here we report on an experiment, in which we used an RNA bait set containing baits from a wide taxonomic range of species for DNA hybridisation capture of nuclear and mitochondrial targets for analysing natural history collection specimens. The bait set used consists of 2,492 mitochondrial and 530 nuclear RNA baits and comprises specific barcode loci of diverse animal groups including both invertebrates and vertebrates. The baits allowed to capture DNA sequence information of target barcode loci from 84% of the 37 samples tested, with nuclear markers being captured more frequently and consensus sequences of these being more complete compared to mitochondrial markers. Samples from dry material had a higher rate of success than wet-collection specimens, although target sequence information could be captured from 50% of formalin-fixed samples. Our study illustrates how efforts to obtain barcode sequence information from natural history collection specimens may be combined and are a way of implementing barcoding inventories of scientific collection material. KW - target capture KW - type specimens KW - molecular species identification KW - museum specimens KW - cross-species capture Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.909846 SN - 2296-701X VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maaß, Ulrike A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - The concise measurement of clinical communication skills BT - Validation of a short scale JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry N2 - Objective: There is a lack of brief rating scales for the reliable assessment of psychotherapeutic skills, which do not require intensive rater training and/or a high level of expertise. Thus, the objective is to validate a 14-item version of the Clinical Communication Skills Scale (CCSS-S). Methods: Using a sample of N = 690 video-based ratings of role-plays with simulated patients, we calculated a confirmatory factor analysis and an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), assessed convergent validities, determined inter-rater reliabilities and compared these with those who were either psychology students, advanced psychotherapy trainees, or experts. Results: Correlations with other competence rating scales were high (rs > 0.86–0.89). The intraclass correlations ranged between moderate and good [ICC(2,2) = 0.65–0.80], with student raters yielding the lowest scores. The one-factor model only marginally replicated the data, but the internal consistencies were excellent (α = 0.91–95). The ESEM yielded a two-factor solution (Collaboration and Structuring and Exploration Skills). Conclusion: The CCSS-S is a brief and valid rating scale that reliably assesses basic communication skills, which is particularly useful for psychotherapy training using standardized role-plays. To ensure good inter-rater reliabilities, it is still advisable to employ raters with at least some clinical experience. Future studies should further investigate the one- or two-factor structure of the instrument. KW - standardized patient KW - treatment integrity KW - measurement KW - therapist competence KW - role-play KW - psychotherapy process Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.977324 SN - 1664-0640 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric A1 - Weck, Florian A1 - Kühne, Franziska T1 - Assessing patient preferences BT - examination of the german cooper-norcross inventory of preferences JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Despite the positive effects of including patients' preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP. KW - psychotherapy KW - preference KW - activity preference KW - preference assessment KW - validation study Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795776 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orland, Andreas A1 - Padubrin, Max T1 - Is there a gender hiring gap in academic economics? BT - evidence from a network analysis JF - Royal Society Open Science N2 - We collect a network dataset of tenured economics faculty in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. We rank the 100 institutions included with a minimum violation ranking. This ranking is positively and significantly correlated with the Times Higher Education ranking of economics institutions. According to the network ranking, individuals on average go down about 23 ranks from their doctoral institution to their employing institution. While the share of females in our dataset is only 15%, we do not observe a significant gender hiring gap (a difference in rank changes between male and female faculty). We conduct a robustness check with the Handelsblatt and the Times Higher Education ranking. According to these rankings, individuals on average go down only about two ranks. We do not observe a significant gender hiring gap using these two rankings (although the dataset underlying this analysis is small and these estimates are likely to be noisy). Finally, we discuss the limitations of the network ranking in our context. KW - gender KW - networks KW - academia Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210717 SN - 2054-5703 VL - 9 IS - 2 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westphal, Andrea A1 - Kalinowski, Eva A1 - Hoferichter, Clara Josepha A1 - Vock, Miriam T1 - K-12 teachers' stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic BT - a systematic review JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - We present the first systematic literature review on stress and burnout in K-12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 17 studies that included 9,874 K-12 teachers from around the world. These studies showed some indication that burnout did increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were, however, almost no differences in the levels of stress and burnout experienced by K-12 teachers compared to individuals employed in other occupational fields. School principals' leadership styles emerged as an organizational characteristic that is highly relevant for K-12 teachers' levels of stress and burnout. Individual teacher characteristics associated with burnout were K-12 teachers' personality, self-efficacy in online teaching, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. In order to reduce stress, there was an indication that stress-management training in combination with training in technology use for teaching may be superior to stress-management training alone. Future research needs to adopt more longitudinal designs and examine the interplay between individual and organizational characteristics in the development of teacher stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. KW - burnout KW - stress KW - COVID-19 KW - pandemic KW - K-12 teachers KW - remote teaching Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920326 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric A1 - Weck, Florian A1 - Kühne, Franziska T1 - Assessing Patient Preferences BT - Examination of the German Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Despite the positive effects of including patients’ preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP. KW - psychotherapy KW - preference KW - activity preference KW - preference assessment KW - validation study Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795776 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apriyanto, Ardha A1 - Ajambang, Walter T1 - Transcriptomic dataset for early inflorescence stages of oil palm in response to defoliation stress JF - Data in Brief N2 - Oil palm breeding and seed development have been hindered due to the male parent's incapacity to produce male inflorescence as a source of pollen under normal conditions. On the other hand, a young oil palm plantation has a low pollination rate due to a lack of male flowers. These are the common problem of sex ratio in the oil palm industry. Nevertheless, the regulation of sex ratio in oil palm plants is a complex mechanism and remains an open question until now. Researchers have previously used complete defoliation to induce male inflorescences, but the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying this morphological change have yet to be discovered. Here, we present an RNA-seq dataset from three early stages of an oil palm inflorescence under normal conditions and complete defoliation stress. This transcriptomic dataset is a valuable resource to improve our understanding of sex determination mechanisms in oil palm inflorescence. KW - Complete defoliation KW - Flower development KW - Leaf axil KW - NGS KW - RNA-seq KW - Sex KW - determination Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.107914 SN - 2352-3409 VL - 41 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Parry, Victor A1 - Schlägel, Ulrike E. A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Weithoff, Guntram T1 - Behavioural Responses of Defended and Undefended Prey to Their Predator BT - A Case Study of Rotifera JF - Biology N2 - Predation is a strong species interaction causing severe harm or death to prey. Thus, prey species have evolved various defence strategies to minimize predation risk, which may be immediate (e.g., a change in behaviour) or transgenerational (morphological defence structures). We studied the behaviour of two strains of a rotiferan prey (Brachionus calyciflorus) that differ in their ability to develop morphological defences in response to their predator Asplanchna brightwellii. Using video analysis, we tested: (a) if two strains differ in their response to predator presence and predator cues when both are undefended; (b) whether defended individuals respond to live predators or their cues; and (c) if the morphological defence (large spines) per se has an effect on the swimming behaviour. We found a clear increase in swimming speed for both undefended strains in predator presence. However, the defended specimens responded neither to the predator presence nor to their cues, showing that they behave indifferently to their predator when they are defended. We did not detect an effect of the spines on the swimming behaviour. Our study demonstrates a complex plastic behaviour of the prey, not only in the presence of their predator, but also with respect to their defence status. KW - animal behaviour KW - transgenerational response KW - Brachionus calyciflorus KW - Asplanchna brightwellii KW - video analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081217 SN - 2079-7737 VL - 11 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rolph, Rebecca A1 - Overduin, Pier Paul A1 - Ravens, Thomas A1 - Lantuit, Hugues A1 - Langer, Moritz T1 - ArcticBeach v1.0 BT - a physics-based parameterization of pan-Arctic coastline erosion JF - Frontiers in Earth Science N2 - In the Arctic, air temperatures are increasing and sea ice is declining, resulting in larger waves and a longer open water season, all of which intensify the thaw and erosion of ice-rich coasts. Climate change has been shown to increase the rate of Arctic coastal erosion, causing problems for Arctic cultural heritage, existing industrial, military, and civil infrastructure, as well as changes in nearshore biogeochemistry. Numerical models that reproduce historical and project future Arctic erosion rates are necessary to understand how further climate change will affect these problems, and no such model yet exists to simulate the physics of erosion on a pan-Arctic scale. We have coupled a bathystrophic storm surge model to a simplified physical erosion model of a permafrost coastline. This Arctic erosion model, called ArcticBeach v1.0, is a first step toward a physical parameterization of Arctic shoreline erosion for larger-scale models. It is forced by wind speed and direction, wave period and height, sea surface temperature, all of which are masked during times of sea ice cover near the coastline. Model tuning requires observed historical retreat rates (at least one value), as well as rough nearshore bathymetry. These parameters are already available on a pan-Arctic scale. The model is validated at three study sites at 1) Drew Point (DP), Alaska, 2) Mamontovy Khayata (MK), Siberia, and 3) Veslebogen Cliffs, Svalbard. Simulated cumulative retreat rates for DP and MK respectively (169 and 170 m) over the time periods studied at each site (2007-2016, and 1995-2018) are found to the same order of magnitude as observed cumulative retreat (172 and 120 m). The rocky Veslebogen cliffs have small observed cumulative retreat rates (0.05 m over 2014-2016), and our model was also able to reproduce this same order of magnitude of retreat (0.08 m). Given the large differences in geomorphology between the study sites, this study provides a proof-of-concept that ArcticBeach v1.0 can be applied on very different permafrost coastlines. ArcticBeach v1.0 provides a promising starting point to project retreat of Arctic shorelines, or to evaluate historical retreat in places that have had few observations. KW - permafrost KW - erosion KW - modelling KW - arctic KW - climate change Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.962208 SN - 2296-6463 VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klein, Konstantin A1 - Lantuit, Hugues A1 - Rolph, Rebecca T1 - Drivers of Turbidity and Its Seasonal Variability at Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk (Western Canadian Arctic) JF - Water / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) N2 - The Arctic is greatly affected by climate change. Increasing air temperatures drive permafrost thaw and an increase in coastal erosion and river discharge. This results in a greater input of sediment and organic matter into nearshore waters, impacting ecosystems by reducing light transmission through the water column and altering biogeochemistry. This potentially results in impacts on the subsistence economy of local people as well as the climate due to the transformation of suspended organic matter into greenhouse gases. Even though the impacts of increased suspended sediment concentrations and turbidity in the Arctic nearshore zone are well-studied, the mechanisms underpinning this increase are largely unknown. Wave energy and tides drive the level of turbidity in the temperate and tropical parts of the world, and this is generally assumed to also be the case in the Arctic. However, the tidal range is considerably lower in the Arctic, and processes related to the occurrence of permafrost have the potential to greatly contribute to nearshore turbidity. In this study, we use high-resolution satellite imagery alongside in situ and ERA5 reanalysis data of ocean and climate variables in order to identify the drivers of nearshore turbidity, along with its seasonality in the nearshore waters of Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk, in the western Canadian Arctic. Nearshore turbidity correlates well to wind direction, wind speed, significant wave height, and wave period. Nearshore turbidity is superiorly correlated to wind speed at the Beaufort Shelf compared to in situ measurements at Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk, showing that nearshore turbidity, albeit being of limited spatial extent, is influenced by large-scale weather and ocean phenomenons. We show that, in contrast to the temperate and tropical ocean, freshly eroded material is the predominant driver of nearshore turbidity in the Arctic, rather than resuspension, which is caused by the vulnerability of permafrost coasts to thermo-erosion. KW - ocean color remote sensing KW - Arctic ocean KW - suspended sediment KW - Landsat KW - Sentinel 2 KW - ERA5 KW - nearshore zone Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111751 SN - 2073-4441 VL - 14 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pawlak, Julia A1 - Noetzel, Dominique Christian A1 - Drago, Claudia A1 - Weithoff, Guntram T1 - Assessing the toxicity of polystyrene beads and silica particles on the microconsumer Brachionus calyciflorus at different timescales JF - Frontiers in Environmental Science N2 - Environmental pollution by microplastics has become a severe problem in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and, according to actual prognoses, problems will further increase in the future. Therefore, assessing and quantifying the risk for the biota is crucial. Standardized short-term toxicological procedures as well as methods quantifying potential toxic effects over the whole life span of an animal are required. We studied the effect of the microplastic polystyrene on the survival and reproduction of a common freshwater invertebrate, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, at different timescales. We used pristine polystyrene spheres of 1, 3, and 6 µm diameter and fed them to the animals together with food algae in different ratios ranging from 0 to 50% nonfood particles. As a particle control, we used silica to distinguish between a pure particle effect and a plastic effect. After 24 h, no toxic effect was found, neither with polystyrene nor with silica. After 96 h, a toxic effect was detectable for both particle types. The size of the particles played a negligible role. Studying the long-term effect by using life table experiments, we found a reduced reproduction when the animals were fed with 3 µm spheres together with similar-sized food algae. We conclude that the fitness reduction is mainly driven by the dilution of food by the nonfood particles rather than by a direct toxic effect. KW - microplastics KW - rotifer KW - freshwater KW - natural particle KW - toxicity KW - environmental pollution Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.955425 SN - 2296-665X SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Melanie A1 - Brettin, Jana A1 - Roessner, Sigrid A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - Fort, Monique A1 - Korup, Oliver T1 - Rare flood scenarios for a rapidly growing high-mountain city: Pokhara, Nepal JF - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences N2 - Pokhara (ca. 850 m a.s.l.), Nepal's second-largest city, lies at the foot of the Higher Himalayas and has more than tripled its population in the past 3 decades. Construction materials are in high demand in rapidly expanding built-up areas, and several informal settlements cater to unregulated sand and gravel mining in the Pokhara Valley's main river, the Seti Khola. This river is fed by the Sabche glacier below Annapurna III (7555 m a.s.l.), some 35 km upstream of the city, and traverses one of the steepest topographic gradients in the Himalayas. In May 2012 a sudden flood caused >70 fatalities and intense damage along this river and rekindled concerns about flood risk management. We estimate the flow dynamics and inundation depths of flood scenarios using the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System). We simulate the potential impacts of peak discharges from 1000 to 10 000 m3 s−1 on land cover based on high-resolution Maxar satellite imagery and OpenStreetMap data (buildings and road network). We also trace the dynamics of two informal settlements near Kaseri and Yamdi with high potential flood impact from RapidEye, PlanetScope, and Google Earth imagery of the past 2 decades. Our hydrodynamic simulations highlight several sites of potential hydraulic ponding that would largely affect these informal settlements and sites of sand and gravel mining. These built-up areas grew between 3- and 20-fold, thus likely raising local flood exposure well beyond changes in flood hazard. Besides these drastic local changes, about 1 % of Pokhara's built-up urban area and essential rural road network is in the highest-hazard zones highlighted by our flood simulations. Our results stress the need to adapt early-warning strategies for locally differing hydrological and geomorphic conditions in this rapidly growing urban watershed. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3105-2022 SN - 1684-9981 VL - 22 SP - 3105 EP - 3123 PB - Copernicus Publications CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ET - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kliem, Bernhard A1 - Seehafer, Norbert T1 - Helicity shedding by flux rope ejection JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - We quantitatively address the conjecture that magnetic helicity must be shed from the Sun by eruptions launching coronal mass ejections in order to limit its accumulation in each hemisphere. By varying the ratio of guide and strapping field and the flux rope twist in a parametric simulation study of flux rope ejection from approximately marginally stable force-free equilibria, different ratios of self- and mutual helicity are set and the onset of the torus or helical kink instability is obtained. The helicity shed is found to vary over a broad range from a minor to a major part of the initial helicity, with self helicity being largely or completely shed and mutual helicity, which makes up the larger part of the initial helicity, being shed only partly. Torus-unstable configurations with subcritical twist and without a guide field shed up to about two-thirds of the initial helicity, while a highly twisted, kink-unstable configuration sheds only about one-quarter. The parametric study also yields stable force-free flux rope equilibria up to a total flux-normalized helicity of 0.25, with a ratio of self- to total helicity of 0.32 and a ratio of flux rope to external poloidal flux of 0.94. These results numerically demonstrate the conjecture of helicity shedding by coronal mass ejections and provide a first account of its parametric dependence. Both self- and mutual helicity are shed significantly; this reduces the total initial helicity by a fraction of ∼0.4--0.65 for typical source region parameters. KW - instabilities KW - magnetic fields KW - magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) KW - Sun KW - corona KW - coronal mass ejections (CMEs) KW - flares Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142422 SN - 0004-6361 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 659 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schweigel, Ulrike A1 - Batsios, Petros A1 - Müller-Taubenberger, Annette A1 - Gräf, Ralph A1 - Grafe, Marianne T1 - Dictyostelium spastin is involved in nuclear envelope dynamics during semi-closed mitosis JF - Nucleus N2 - Dictyostelium amoebae perform a semi-closed mitosis, in which the nuclear envelope is fenestrated at the insertion sites of the mitotic centrosomes and around the central spindle during karyokinesis. During late telophase the centrosome relocates to the cytoplasmic side of the nucleus, the central spindle disassembles and the nuclear fenestrae become closed. Our data indicate that Dictyostelium spastin (DdSpastin) is a microtubule-binding and severing type I membrane protein that plays a role in this process. Its mitotic localization is in agreement with a requirement for the removal of microtubules that would hinder closure of the fenestrae. Furthermore, DdSpastin interacts with the HeH/ LEM-family protein Src1 in BioID analyses as well as the inner nuclear membrane protein Sun1, and shows subcellular co-localizations with Src1, Sun1, the ESCRT component CHMP7 and the IST1-like protein filactin, suggesting that the principal pathway of mitotic nuclear envelope remodeling is conserved between animals and Dictyostelium amoebae. KW - Spastin KW - LEM-domain KW - ESCRT KW - sun1 KW - dictyostelium KW - nuclear envelope KW - mitosis Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19491034.2022.2047289 SN - 1949-1034 SN - 1949-1042 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 144 EP - 154 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cajar, Anke A1 - Engbert, Ralf A1 - Laubrock, Jochen T1 - Potsdam Eye-Movement Corpus for Scene Memorization and Search With Color and Spatial-Frequency Filtering JF - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation KW - eye movements KW - corpus dataset KW - scene viewing KW - object search KW - scene memorization KW - spatial frequencies KW - color KW - central and peripheral vision Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850482 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tebbe, Jonas A1 - Ottensmann, Meinolf A1 - Havenstein, Katja A1 - Efstratiou, Artemis A1 - Lenz, Tobias L. A1 - Caspers, Barbara A. A1 - Forcada, Jaume A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Hoffman, Joseph T1 - Intronic primers reveal unexpectedly high major histocompatibility complex diversity in Antarctic fur seals JF - Scientific reports N2 - The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a group of genes comprising one of the most important components of the vertebrate immune system. Consequently, there has been much interest in characterising MHC variation and its relationship with fitness in a variety of species. Due to the exceptional polymorphism of MHC genes, careful PCR primer design is crucial for capturing all of the allelic variation present in a given species. We therefore developed intronic primers to amplify the full-length 267 bp protein-coding sequence of the MHC class II DQB exon 2 in the Antarctic fur seal. We then characterised patterns of MHC variation among mother-offspring pairs from two breeding colonies and detected 19 alleles among 771 clone sequences from 56 individuals. The distribution of alleles within and among individuals was consistent with a single-copy, classical DQB locus showing Mendelian inheritance. Amino acid similarity at the MHC was significantly associated with genome-wide relatedness, but no relationship was found between MHC heterozygosity and genome-wide heterozygosity. Finally, allelic diversity was several times higher than reported by a previous study based on partial exon sequences. This difference appears to be related to allele-specific amplification bias, implying that primer design can strongly impact the inference of MHC diversity. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21658-7 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stone, Kate A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Malsburg, Titus von der T1 - Does entropy modulate the prediction of German long-distance verb particles? JF - PLOS ONE N2 - In this paper we examine the effect of uncertainty on readers’ predictions about meaning. In particular, we were interested in how uncertainty might influence the likelihood of committing to a specific sentence meaning. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) experiments using particle verbs such as turn down and manipulated uncertainty by constraining the context such that readers could be either highly certain about the identity of a distant verb particle, such as turn the bed […] down, or less certain due to competing particles, such as turn the music […] up/down. The study was conducted in German, where verb particles appear clause-finally and may be separated from the verb by a large amount of material. We hypothesised that this separation would encourage readers to predict the particle, and that high certainty would make prediction of a specific particle more likely than lower certainty. If a specific particle was predicted, this would reflect a strong commitment to sentence meaning that should incur a higher processing cost if the prediction is wrong. If a specific particle was less likely to be predicted, commitment should be weaker and the processing cost of a wrong prediction lower. If true, this could suggest that uncertainty discourages predictions via an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio. However, given the clear predictions made by the literature, it was surprisingly unclear whether the uncertainty manipulation affected the two ERP components studied, the N400 and the PNP. Bayes factor analyses showed that evidence for our a priori hypothesised effect sizes was inconclusive, although there was decisive evidence against a priori hypothesised effect sizes larger than 1μV for the N400 and larger than 3μV for the PNP. We attribute the inconclusive finding to the properties of verb-particle dependencies that differ from the verb-noun dependencies in which the N400 and PNP are often studied. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267813 SN - 1932-6203 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - PLOS ONE CY - San Francisco, California, US ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oster, Simon A1 - Fritsch, Tobias A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Altenburg, Simon T1 - On the registration of thermographic in situ monitoring data and computed tomography reference data in the scope of defect prediction in laser powder bed fusion JF - Metals : open access journal N2 - The detection of internal irregularities is crucial for quality assessment in metal-based additive manufacturing (AM) technologies such as laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The utilization of in-process thermography as an in situ monitoring tool in combination with post-process X-ray micro computed tomography (XCT) as a reference technique has shown great potential for this aim. Due to the small irregularity dimensions, a precise registration of the datasets is necessary as a requirement for correlation. In this study, the registration of thermography and XCT reference datasets of a cylindric specimen containing keyhole pores is carried out for the development of a porosity prediction model. The considered datasets show variations in shape, data type and dimensionality, especially due to shrinkage and material elevation effects present in the manufactured part. Since the resulting deformations are challenging for registration, a novel preprocessing methodology is introduced that involves an adaptive volume adjustment algorithm which is based on the porosity distribution in the specimen. Thus, the implementation of a simple three-dimensional image-to-image registration is enabled. The results demonstrate the influence of the part deformation on the resulting porosity location and the importance of registration in terms of irregularity prediction. KW - selective laser melting (SLM) KW - laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) KW - additive KW - manufacturing (AM) KW - process monitoring KW - infrared thermography KW - X-ray KW - micro computed tomography (XCT) KW - defect detection KW - image registration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060947 SN - 2075-4701 VL - 12 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fechner, Carolin A1 - Hackethal, Christin A1 - Höpfner, Tobias A1 - Dietrich, Jessica A1 - Bloch, Dorit A1 - Lindtner, Oliver A1 - Sarvan, Irmela T1 - Results of the BfR MEAL Study BT - in Germany, mercury is mostly contained in fish and seafood while cadmium, lead, and nickel are present in a broad spectrum of foods JF - Food chemistry: X N2 - The BfR MEAL Study provides representative levels of substances in foods consumed in Germany. Mercury, cadmium, lead, and nickel are contaminants present in foods introduced by environmental and industrial processes. Levels of these elements were investigated in 356 foods. Foods were purchased representatively, prepared as consumed and pooled with similar foods before analysis. Highest mean levels of mercury were determined in fish and seafood, while high levels of cadmium, lead, and nickel were present in cocoa products and legumes, nuts, oilseeds, and spices. The sampling by region, season, and production type showed minor differences in element levels for specific foods, however no tendency over all foods or for some food groups was apparent. The data on mercury, cadmium, lead, and nickel provide a comprehensive basis for chronic dietary exposure assessment of the population in Germany. All levels found were below regulated maximum levels. KW - Total diet study KW - BfR MEAL Study KW - Metals KW - Contaminants KW - Unprepared and KW - prepared foods KW - Regionality KW - Seasonality KW - Organic and conventional type of production Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100326 SN - 2590-1575 VL - 14 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Parry, Victor A1 - Schlägel, Ulrike E. A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Weithoff, Guntram T1 - Behavioural responses of defended and undefended prey to their predator BT - a case study of rotifera JF - Biology : open access journal N2 - Many animals that have to cope with predation have evolved mechanisms to reduce their predation risk. One of these mechanisms is change in morphology, for example, the development of spines. These spines are induced, when mothers receive chemical signals of a predator (kairomones) and their daughters are then equipped with defensive spines. We studied the behaviour of a prey and its predator when the prey is either defended or undefended. We used common aquatic micro-invertebrates, the rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus (prey) and Asplanchna brightwellii (predator) as experimental animals. We found that undefended prey increased its swimming speed in the presence of the predator. The striking result was that the defended prey did not respond to the predator's presence. This suggests that defended prey has a different response behaviour to a predator than undefended conspecifics. Our study provides further insights into complex zooplankton predator-prey interactions. Predation is a strong species interaction causing severe harm or death to prey. Thus, prey species have evolved various defence strategies to minimize predation risk, which may be immediate (e.g., a change in behaviour) or transgenerational (morphological defence structures). We studied the behaviour of two strains of a rotiferan prey (Brachionus calyciflorus) that differ in their ability to develop morphological defences in response to their predator Asplanchna brightwellii. Using video analysis, we tested: (a) if two strains differ in their response to predator presence and predator cues when both are undefended; (b) whether defended individuals respond to live predators or their cues; and (c) if the morphological defence (large spines) per se has an effect on the swimming behaviour. We found a clear increase in swimming speed for both undefended strains in predator presence. However, the defended specimens responded neither to the predator presence nor to their cues, showing that they behave indifferently to their predator when they are defended. We did not detect an effect of the spines on the swimming behaviour. Our study demonstrates a complex plastic behaviour of the prey, not only in the presence of their predator, but also with respect to their defence status. KW - animal behaviour KW - transgenerational response KW - Brachionus calyciflorus KW - Asplanchna brightwellii KW - video analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081217 SN - 2079-7737 VL - 11 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haase, Jennifer A1 - Hanel, Paul H. P. T1 - Priming creativity: Doing math reduces creativity and happiness whereas playing short online games enhance them JF - Frontiers in Education N2 - Creative thinking is an indispensable cognitive skill that is becoming increasingly important. In the present research, we tested the impact of games on creativity and emotions in a between-subject online experiment with four conditions (N = 658). (1) participants played a simple puzzle game that allowed many solutions (priming divergent thinking); (2) participants played a short game that required one fitting solution (priming convergent thinking); (3) participants performed mental arithmetic; (4) passive control condition. Results show that divergent and convergent creativity were higher after playing games and lower after mental arithmetic. Positive emotions did not function as a mediator, even though they were also heightened after playing the games and lower after mental arithmetic. However, contrary to previous research, we found no direct effect of emotions, creative self-efficacy, and growth- vs. fixed on creative performance. We discuss practical implications for digital learning and application settings. KW - creativity KW - priming KW - enhancement KW - math KW - games KW - happiness Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.976459 SN - 2504-284X PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brady, David A1 - Guerra, Christian A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Link, Bruce T1 - The long arm of prospective childhood income for mature adult health in the U.S. JF - Journal of health and social behavior N2 - Pioneering scholarship links retrospective childhood conditions to mature adult health. We distinctively provide critical evidence with prospective state-of-the-art measures of parent income observed multiple times during childhood in the 1970s to 1990s. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we analyze six health outcomes (self-rated health, heart attack, stroke, life-threatening chronic conditions, non-life-threatening chronic conditions, and psychological distress) among 40- to 65-year-olds. Parent relative income rank has statistically and substantively significant relationships with five of six outcomes. The relationships with heart attack, stroke, and life-threatening chronic conditions are particularly strong. Parent income rank performs slightly better than alternative prospective and retrospective measures. At the same time, we provide novel validation on which retrospective measures (i.e., father’s education) perform almost as well as prospective measures. Furthermore, we inform several perennial debates about how relative versus absolute income and other measures of socioeconomic status and social class influence health. KW - health disparities KW - income KW - life course KW - social class Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00221465221081094 SN - 0022-1465 SN - 2150-6000 VL - 63 IS - 4 SP - 543 EP - 559 PB - Sage CY - Los Angeles ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlör, Anja A1 - Hirschberg, Stefan A1 - Ben Amor, Ghada A1 - Meister, Toni Luise A1 - Arora, Prerna A1 - Pöhlmann, Stefan A1 - Hoffmann, Markus A1 - Pfänder, Stephanie A1 - Eddin, Omar Kamal A1 - Kamhieh-Milz, Julian A1 - Hanack, Katja T1 - SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies as powerful tools for diagnostic and therapeutic applications JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Introduction: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation caused by SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern such as B.1.617.2 (Delta) and recently, B.1.1.529 (Omicron) is posing multiple challenges to humanity. The rapid evolution of the virus requires adaptation of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Objectives: In this study, we describe camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (hcAb) as useful tools for novel in vitro diagnostic assays and for therapeutic applications due to their neutralizing capacity. Methods: Five antibody candidates were selected out of a naïve camelid library by phage display and expressed as full length IgG2 antibodies. The antibodies were characterized by Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, surface plasmon resonance with regard to their specificity to the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and to SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles. Neutralization assays were performed with authentic SARS-CoV-2 and pseudotyped viruses (wildtype and Omicron). Results: All antibodies efficiently detect recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles in different ELISA setups. The best combination was shown with hcAb B10 as catcher antibody and HRP-conjugated hcAb A7.2 as the detection antibody. Further, four out of five antibodies potently neutralized authentic wildtype SARS-CoV-2 and particles pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins of the wildtype and Omicron variant, sublineage BA.1 at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.35 ng/mL (ND50). Conclusion: Collectively, we report novel camelid hcAbs suitable for diagnostics and potential therapy. KW - camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies KW - single domain antibodies KW - nanobodies KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - neutralization KW - Omicron Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930975 SN - 1664-3224 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Frontiers Media SA CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czarnecka, Malgorzata A1 - Weichelt, Ulrike A1 - Rödiger, Stefan A1 - Hanack, Katja T1 - Novel Anti Double-Stranded Nucleic Acids Full-Length Recombinant Camelid Heavy-Chain Antibody for the Detection of miRNA JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - The discovery that certain diseases have specific miRNA signatures which correspond to disease progression opens a new biomarker category. The detection of these small non-coding RNAs is performed routinely using body fluids or tissues with real-time PCR, next-generation sequencing, or amplification-based miRNA assays. Antibody-based detection systems allow an easy onset handling compared to PCR or sequencing and can be considered as alternative methods to support miRNA diagnostic in the future. In this study, we describe the generation of a camelid heavy-chain-only antibody specifically recognizing miRNAs to establish an antibody-based detection method. The generation of nucleic acid-specific binders is a challenge. We selected camelid binders via phage display, expressed them as VHH as well as full-length antibodies, and characterized the binding to several miRNAs from a signature specific for dilated cardiomyopathy. The described workflow can be used to create miRNA-specific binders and establish antibody-based detection methods to provide an additional way to analyze disease-specific miRNA signatures. KW - antibody KW - camelid antibody KW - heavy-chain-only antibody KW - miRNA KW - nucleic acids KW - novel biomarkers Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116275 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brechenmacher, Thomas T1 - Fontanes jüdische Namen BT - Preziosa und Certifikate, Diskurse und Konnotationen JF - Fontanes Medien Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-11-073323-5 SN - 978-3-11-073330-3 SN - 978-3-11-073810-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110733235-021 SP - 337 EP - 353 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giraudier, Manon A1 - Ventura-Bort, Carlos A1 - Wendt, Julia A1 - Lischke, Alexander A1 - Weymar, Mathias T1 - Memory advantage for untrustworthy faces BT - replication across lab- and web-based studies JF - PLoS one N2 - The Covid-19 pandemic imposed new constraints on empirical research and forced researchers to transfer from traditional laboratory research to the online environment. This study tested the validity of a web-based episodic memory paradigm by comparing participants' memory performance for trustworthy and untrustworthy facial stimuli in a supervised laboratory setting and an unsupervised web setting. Consistent with previous results, we observed enhanced episodic memory for untrustworthy compared to trustworthy faces. Most importantly, this memory bias was comparable in the online and the laboratory experiment, suggesting that web-based procedures are a promising tool for memory research. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264034 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 17 IS - 2 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER -