TY - CHAP A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Haase, Jennifer A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Schüffler, Arnulf A1 - Roling, Wiebke A1 - Kluge, Annette ED - Shishkov, Boris T1 - Modeling change in business processes T2 - Business modeling and software design N2 - Business processes are regularly modified either to capture requirements from the organization’s environment or due to internal optimization and restructuring. Implementing the changes into the individual work routines is aided by change management tools. These tools aim at the acceptance of the process by and empowerment of the process executor. They cover a wide range of general factors and seldom accurately address the changes in task execution and sequence. Furthermore, change is only framed as a learning activity, while most obstacles to change arise from the inability to unlearn or forget behavioural patterns one is acquainted with. Therefore, this paper aims to develop and demonstrate a notation to capture changes in business processes and identify elements that are likely to present obstacles during change. It connects existing research from changes in work routines and psychological insights from unlearning and intentional forgetting to the BPM domain. The results contribute to more transparency in business process models regarding knowledge changes. They provide better means to understand the dynamics and barriers of change processes. KW - intentional forgetting KW - routines KW - business processes KW - unlearning Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-36756-4 SN - 978-3-031-36757-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36757-1_1 SP - 3 EP - 17 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Roling, Wiebke A1 - Schüffler, Arnulf A1 - Kluge, Annette A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Masrour, Tawfik ED - El Hassani, Ibtissam ED - Barka, Noureddine T1 - AI case-based reasoning for artificial neural networks T2 - Artificial intelligence and industrial applications N2 - Faced with the triad of time-cost-quality, the realization of production tasks under economic conditions is not trivial. Since the number of Artificial-Intelligence-(AI)-based applications in business processes is increasing more and more nowadays, the efficient design of AI cases for production processes as well as their target-oriented improvement is essential, so that production outcomes satisfy high quality criteria and economic requirements. Both challenge production management and data scientists, aiming to assign ideal manifestations of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to a certain task. Faced with new attempts of ANN-based production process improvements [8], this paper continues research about the optimal creation, provision and utilization of ANNs. Moreover, it presents a mechanism for AI case-based reasoning for ANNs. Experiments clarify continuously improving ANN knowledge bases by this mechanism empirically. Its proof-of-concept is demonstrated by the example of four production simulation scenarios, which cover the most relevant use cases and will be the basis for examining AI cases on a quantitative level. KW - case-based reasoning KW - neural networks KW - industry 4.0 Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-43523-2 SN - 978-3-031-43524-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43524-9_2 VL - 771 SP - 17 EP - 35 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Barkowsky, Matthias A1 - Giese, Holger T1 - Triple graph grammars for multi-version models N2 - Like conventional software projects, projects in model-driven software engineering require adequate management of multiple versions of development artifacts, importantly allowing living with temporary inconsistencies. In the case of model-driven software engineering, employed versioning approaches also have to handle situations where different artifacts, that is, different models, are linked via automatic model transformations. In this report, we propose a technique for jointly handling the transformation of multiple versions of a source model into corresponding versions of a target model, which enables the use of a more compact representation that may afford improved execution time of both the transformation and further analysis operations. Our approach is based on the well-known formalism of triple graph grammars and a previously introduced encoding of model version histories called multi-version models. In addition to showing the correctness of our approach with respect to the standard semantics of triple graph grammars, we conduct an empirical evaluation that demonstrates the potential benefit regarding execution time performance. N2 - Ähnlich zu konventionellen Softwareprojekten erfordern Projekte im Bereich der modellgetriebenen Softwareentwicklung eine adäquate Verwaltung mehrerer Versionen von Entwicklungsartefakten. Eine solche Versionsverwaltung muss es insbesondere ermöglichen, zeitweise mit Inkonsistenzen zu leben. Im Fall der modellgetriebenen Softwareentwicklung muss ein verwendeter Ansatz zusätzlich mit Situationen umgehen können, in denen verschiedene Entwicklungsartefakte, das heißt verschiedene Modelle, durch automatische Modelltransformationen verknüpft sind. In diesem Bericht schlagen wir eine Technik für die integrierte Transformation mehrerer Versionen eines Quellmodells in entsprechende Versionen eines Zielmodells vor. Dies ermöglicht die Verwendung einer kompakteren Repräsentation der Modelle, was zu verbesserten Laufzeiteigenschaften der Transformation und weiterführender Operationen führen kann. Unser Ansatz basiert auf dem bekannten Formalismus der Tripel-Graph-Grammatiken und einer in früheren Arbeiten eingeführten Kodierung von Versionshistorien von Modellen. Neben einem Beweis der Korrektheit des Ansatzes in Bezug auf die standardmäßige Semantik von Tripel-Graph-Grammatiken führen wir eine empirische Evaluierung durch, die den potenziellen Performancevorteil der Technik demonstriert. T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 155 KW - triple graph grammars KW - multi-version models KW - Tripel-Graph-Grammatiken KW - Modelle mit mehreren Versionen Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-573994 SN - 978-3-86956-556-9 SN - 1613-5652 SN - 2191-1665 IS - 155 SP - 28 EP - 28 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grum, Marcus ED - Rutkowski, Leszek ED - Scherer, Rafał ED - Korytkowski, Marcin ED - Pedrycz, Witold ED - Tadeusiewicz, Ryszard ED - Zurada, Jacek M. T1 - Learning representations by crystallized back-propagating errors T2 - Artificial intelligence and soft computing N2 - With larger artificial neural networks (ANN) and deeper neural architectures, common methods for training ANN, such as backpropagation, are key to learning success. Their role becomes particularly important when interpreting and controlling structures that evolve through machine learning. This work aims to extend previous research on backpropagation-based methods by presenting a modified, full-gradient version of the backpropagation learning algorithm that preserves (or rather crystallizes) selected neural weights while leaving other weights adaptable (or rather fluid). In a design-science-oriented manner, a prototype of a feedforward ANN is demonstrated and refined using the new learning method. The results show that the so-called crystallizing backpropagation increases the control possibilities of neural structures and interpretation chances, while learning can be carried out as usual. Since neural hierarchies are established because of the algorithm, ANN compartments start to function in terms of cognitive levels. This study shows the importance of dealing with ANN in hierarchies through backpropagation and brings in learning methods as novel ways of interacting with ANN. Practitioners will benefit from this interactive process because they can restrict neural learning to specific architectural components of ANN and can focus further development on specific areas of higher cognitive levels without the risk of destroying valuable ANN structures. KW - artificial neural networks KW - backpropagation KW - knowledge crystallization KW - second-order conditioning KW - cognitive levels KW - NMDL Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-42504-2 SN - 978-3-031-42505-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42505-9_8 SP - 78 EP - 100 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barschkett, Mara A1 - Huebener, Mathias A1 - Leibing, Andreas A1 - Marcus, Jan A1 - Margaryan, Shushanik T1 - Replication of Atwood’s (2022) the long-term effects of measles vaccination on earnings and employment T2 - I4R discussion paper series N2 - Atwood (2022) analyzes the effects of the 1963 U.S. measles vaccination on longrun labor market outcomes, using a generalized difference-in-differences approach. We reproduce the results of this paper and perform a battery of robustness checks. Overall, we confirm that the measles vaccination had positive labor market effects. While the negative effect on the likelihood of living in poverty and the positive effect on the probability of being employed are very robust across the different specifications, the headline estimate-the effect on earnings-is more sensitive to the exclusion of certain regions and survey years. Y1 - 2023 SN - 2752-1931 IS - 33 PB - Institute for Replication CY - Essen ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schwab, Regine A1 - Krause, Werner A1 - Massoud, Samer T1 - The bombing of hospitals and local violence dynamics in civil wars BT - evidence from Syria (2017 - 2020) T2 - HiCN Working paper N2 - The impact of civilian harm on strategic outcomes in war has been the subject of persistent debate. However, the literature has primarily focused on civilian casualties, thereby overlooking the targeting of civilian infrastructure, which is a recurrent phenomenon during war. This study fills this gap by examining the targeting of healthcare, one of the most indispensable infrastructures during war and peace time. We contend that attacks on medical facilities are distinct from direct violence against civilians. Because they are typically unrelated to military dynamics, the targeting of hospitals is a highly visible form and powerful signal of civilian victimization. To assess its effects, we analyze newly collected data on such attacks by pro-government forces and event data on combat activities in Northwest Syria (2017-2020). Applying a new approach for panel data analysis that combines matching methods with a difference-in-differences estimation, we examine the causal effect of counterinsurgent bombings on subsequent violent events. Distinguishing between regime-initiated and insurgent-initiated combat activities and their associated fatalities, we find that the targeting of hospitals increases insurgent violence. We supplement the quantitative analysis with unique qualitative evidence derived from interviews, which demonstrates that hospital bombings induce rebels to resist more fiercely through two mechanisms: intrinsic motivations and civilian pressure. The results have important implications for the effects of state-led violence and the strength of legal norms that protect noncombatants. KW - civil war KW - collective targeting KW - civilian infrastructure KW - hospitals KW - rebel attacks KW - Syria Y1 - 2023 UR - https://hicn.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/HiCN-WP-403-2.pdf VL - 403 PB - Households in Conflict Network CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matsunaga, Miku A1 - Krause, Werner T1 - Right-wing violence and the persistence of far-right popularity T2 - The LOOP : ECPR's Political Science Blog N2 - Miku Matsunaga and Werner Krause reveal how voters who support radical-right parties are sticking by them, despite the current upsurge in right-wing violence. Their findings raise crucial concerns about the broader ramifications of growing far-right movements across the globe KW - AfD KW - Alternative für Deutschland KW - far-right extremism KW - far-right groups KW - far-right parties KW - far-right populism KW - populist radical right KW - right-wing politics Y1 - 2023 UR - https://theloop.ecpr.eu/right-wing-violence-and-the-persistence-of-far-right-popularity/ PB - European Consortium for Political Research CY - Colchester ER - TY - CHAP A1 - M’Hamed, Sonia Chikh A1 - Sprinz, Detlef F. ED - Dyrhauge, Helene ED - Kurze, Kristina T1 - The keys to the EU’s climate neutrality goal T2 - Making the European Green Deal work N2 - The EU and its member countries have been laggards in using forest carbon to reduce EU emissions. The European Green Deal aims to change this. As part of its long-term emissions reductions, the EU aims to offset this by creating land-based carbon sinks, especially forest carbon sinks as well as carbon capture and storage. This chapter focuses on the role of forest carbon as part of the EU's climate policies towards achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. It furthermore examines the European Commission's proposed forest strategy and its proposal for a revised LULUCF Regulation. The chapter shows that the logic of appropriateness dominates the European Commission's forest policies. Finally, the chapter makes policy recommendations on how the EU could credibly use long-term carbon sinks to achieve climate neutrality. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-032-16070-2 SN - 978-1-032-16077-1 SN - 978-1-003-24698-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003246985-6 SP - 60 EP - 75 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sprinz, Detlef F. ED - Jörgens, Helge ED - Knill, Christoph ED - Steinebach, Yves T1 - The challenge of long-term environmental policy T2 - Routledge handbook of environmental policy N2 - Long-term environmental policy remains a vexing puzzle of environmental policy. Following its definition, the author reviews the methods suitable for the study of long-term environmental policy and develops a typology of policy instruments to cope with these challenges. The concluding section offers five central research challenges to advance the study of long-term environmental policy. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-367-48992-2 SN - 978-1-032-50311-0 SN - 978-1-003-04384-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003043843-26 SP - 305 EP - 314 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vladova, Gergana A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Sultanow, Eldar A1 - Tobolla, Marinho A1 - Sebrak, Sebastian A1 - Czarnecki, Christian A1 - Brockmann, Carsten ED - Klein, Maike ED - Krupka, Daniel ED - Winter, Cornelia ED - Wohlgemuth, Volker T1 - Visual analytics for knowledge management BT - advantages for organizations and interorganizational teams T2 - Informatik 2023 N2 - The management of knowledge in organizations considers both established long-term processes and cooperation in agile project teams. Since knowledge can be both tacit and explicit, its transfer from the individual to the organizational knowledge base poses a challenge in organizations. This challenge increases when the fluctuation of knowledge carriers is exceptionally high. Especially in large projects in which external consultants are involved, there is a risk that critical, company-relevant knowledge generated in the project will leave the company with the external knowledge carrier and thus be lost. In this paper, we show the advantages of an early warning system for knowledge management to avoid this loss. In particular, the potential of visual analytics in the context of knowledge management systems is presented and discussed. We present a project for the development of a business-critical software system and discuss the first implementations and results. KW - knowledge management KW - visual analytics KW - knowledge transfer KW - teamwork KW - knowledge management system KW - tacit knowledge KW - explicit knowledge Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-88579-731-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/inf2023_187 SN - 1617-5468 SP - 1851 EP - 1870 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI) CY - Bonn ER -