TY - JOUR A1 - Mattern, M. A1 - Pudell, Jan-Etienne A1 - Laskin, G. A1 - von Reppert, A. A1 - Bargheer, Matias T1 - Analysis of the temperature- and fluence-dependent magnetic stress in laser-excited SrRuO3 JF - Structural Dynamics N2 - We use ultrafast x-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of expansive phononic and contractive magnetic stress driving the picosecond strain response of a metallic perovskite SrRuO3 thin film upon femtosecond laser excitation. We exemplify how the anisotropic bulk equilibrium thermal expansion can be used to predict the response of the thin film to ultrafast deposition of energy. It is key to consider that the laterally homogeneous laser excitation changes the strain response compared to the near-equilibrium thermal expansion because the balanced in-plane stresses suppress the Poisson stress on the picosecond timescale. We find a very large negative Grüneisen constant describing the large contractive stress imposed by a small amount of energy in the spin system. The temperature and fluence dependence of the strain response for a double-pulse excitation scheme demonstrates the saturation of the magnetic stress in the high-fluence regime. KW - Thin films KW - Thermodynamic properties KW - Bragg peak KW - Ultrafast X-ray diffraction KW - Thermal effects KW - Phonons KW - Magnetism KW - Lattice dynamics KW - Lasers KW - Perovskites Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000072 SN - 2329-7778 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie A1 - Bahr, André A1 - Zeeden, Christian A1 - Yamoah, Kweku A. A1 - Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad A1 - Chuang, Chih-Kai A1 - Löwemark, Ludvig A1 - Wei, Kuo-Yen T1 - A tale of shifting relations BT - East Asian summer and winter monsoon variability during the Holocene JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Understanding the dynamics between the East Asian summer (EASM) and winter monsoon (EAWM) is needed to predict their variability under future global warming scenarios. Here, we investigate the relationship between EASM and EAWM as well as the mechanisms driving their variability during the last 10,000 years by stacking marine and terrestrial (non-speleothem) proxy records from the East Asian realm. This provides a regional and proxy independent signal for both monsoonal systems. The respective signal was subsequently analysed using a linear regression model. We find that the phase relationship between EASM and EAWM is not time-constant and significantly depends on orbital configuration changes. In addition, changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation, Arctic sea-ice coverage, El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Sun Spot numbers contributed to millennial scale changes in the EASM and EAWM during the Holocene. We also argue that the bulk signal of monsoonal activity captured by the stacked non-speleothem proxy records supports the previously argued bias of speleothem climatic archives to moisture source changes and/or seasonality. KW - Environmental sciences KW - Ocean sciences KW - Solid Earth sciences Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85444-7 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fedders, Ronja A1 - Muenzner, Matthias A1 - Weber, Pamela A1 - Sommerfeld, Manuela A1 - Knauer, Miriam A1 - Kedziora, Sarah A1 - Kast, Naomi A1 - Heidenreich, Steffi A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Weger, Stefan A1 - Henze, Andrea A1 - Schupp, Michael T1 - Liver-secreted RBP4 does not impair glucose homeostasis in mice JF - The journal of biological chemistry N2 - Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the major transport protein for retinol in blood. Recent evidence from genetic mouse models shows that circulating RBP4 derives exclusively from hepatocytes. Because RBP4 is elevated in obesity and associates with the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, we tested whether a liver-specific overexpression of RBP4 in mice impairs glucose homeostasis. We used adeno-associated viruses (AAV) that contain a highly liver-specific promoter to drive expression of murine RBP4 in livers of adult mice. The resulting increase in serum RBP4 levels in these mice was comparable with elevated levels that were reported in obesity. Surprisingly, we found that increasing circulating RBP4 had no effect on glucose homeostasis. Also during a high-fat diet challenge, elevated levels of RBP4 in the circulation failed to aggravate the worsening of systemic parameters of glucose and energy homeostasis. These findings show that liver-secreted RBP4 does not impair glucose homeostasis. We conclude that a modest increase of its circulating levels in mice, as observed in the obese, insulin-resistant state, is unlikely to be a causative factor for impaired glucose homeostasis. KW - liver KW - retinoid-binding protein KW - glucose metabolism KW - insulin resistance KW - mouse KW - TTR Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.004294 SN - 1083-351X VL - 293 IS - 39 SP - 15269 EP - 15276 PB - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology CY - Bethesda ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thapa, Samudrajit A1 - Wyłomańska, Agnieszka A1 - Sikora, Grzegorz A1 - Wagner, Caroline E. A1 - Krapf, Diego A1 - Kantz, Holger A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei V. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Leveraging large-deviation statistics to decipher the stochastic properties of measured trajectories JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - Extensive time-series encoding the position of particles such as viruses, vesicles, or individualproteins are routinely garnered insingle-particle tracking experiments or supercomputing studies.They contain vital clues on how viruses spread or drugs may be delivered in biological cells.Similar time-series are being recorded of stock values in financial markets and of climate data.Such time-series are most typically evaluated in terms of time-averaged mean-squareddisplacements (TAMSDs), which remain random variables for finite measurement times. Theirstatistical properties are different for differentphysical stochastic processes, thus allowing us toextract valuable information on the stochastic process itself. To exploit the full potential of thestatistical information encoded in measured time-series we here propose an easy-to-implementand computationally inexpensive new methodology, based on deviations of the TAMSD from itsensemble average counterpart. Specifically, we use the upper bound of these deviations forBrownian motion (BM) to check the applicability of this approach to simulated and real data sets.By comparing the probability of deviations fordifferent data sets, we demonstrate how thetheoretical bound for BM reveals additional information about observed stochastic processes. Weapply the large-deviation method to data sets of tracer beads tracked in aqueous solution, tracerbeads measured in mucin hydrogels, and of geographic surface temperature anomalies. Ouranalysis shows how the large-deviation properties can be efficiently used as a simple yet effectiveroutine test to reject the BM hypothesis and unveil relevant information on statistical propertiessuch as ergodicity breaking and short-time correlations. KW - diffusion KW - anomalous diffusion KW - large-deviation statistic KW - time-averaged mean squared displacement KW - Chebyshev inequality Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/abd50e SN - 1367-2630 VL - 23 PB - Dt. Physikalische Ges. ; IOP CY - Bad Honnef ; London ER - TY - THES A1 - Heywood Jones, David T1 - Moses Hirschel and Enlightenment Breslau BT - A City and its Jews in the Late Eighteenth Century N2 - Breslau has been almost entirely forgotten in the Anglophone sphere as a place of Enlightenment. Moreover, in the context of the Jewish Enlightenment, Breslau has never been discussed as a place of intercultural exchange between German-speaking Jewish, Protestant and Catholic intellectuals. The story of Moses Hirschel offers us an excellent case-study to investigate the complex reciprocal relationship between Jewish and non-Jewish enlighteners in a prosperous and influential Central European city on the cusp of the 18th century. KW - Haskalah KW - Moses Hirschel KW - Breslau KW - enlightenment KW - Mendelssohn Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-46234-5 SN - 978-3-030-46235-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46235-2 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felser, Claudia A1 - Jessen, Anna T1 - Correlative coordination and variable subject-verb agreement in German JF - Languages : open access journal N2 - Coordinated subjects often show variable number agreement with the finite verb, but linguistic approaches to this phenomenon have rarely been informed by systematically collected data. We report the results from three experiments investigating German speakers' agreement preferences with complex subjects joined by the correlative conjunctions sowohl horizontal ellipsis als auch ('both horizontal ellipsis and'), weder horizontal ellipsis noch ('neither horizontal ellipsis nor') or entweder horizontal ellipsis oder ('either horizontal ellipsis or'). We examine to what extent conjunction type and a conjunct's relative proximity to the verb affect the acceptability and processibility of singular vs. plural agreement. Experiment 1 was an untimed acceptability rating task, Experiment 2 a timed sentence completion task, and Experiment 3 was a self-paced reading task. Taken together, our results show that number agreement with correlative coordination in German is primarily determined by a default constraint triggering plural agreement, which interacts with linear order and semantic factors. Semantic differences between conjunctions only affected speakers' agreement preferences in the absence of processing pressure but not their initial agreement computation. The combined results from our offline and online experimental measures of German speakers' agreement preferences suggest that the constraints under investigation do not only differ in their relative weighting but also in their relative timing during agreement computation. KW - correlative coordination KW - subject– verb agreement KW - German Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6020067 SN - 2226-471X VL - 6 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prieto, Julio T1 - Un dandy de zapatos gastados BT - errancias parisinas de César Vallejo JF - Chasqui : revista de literatura latinoamericana N2 - El comienzo podrían ser dos imágenes de Vallejo en París. La primera la extraigo de la más reciente biografía del escritor peruano, César Vallejo: A Literary Biography, obra del hispanista británico Stephen Hart. Refiere Hart que en sus primeros años en París la situación de Vallejo era tan precaria que cuando viajaba en tren evitaba descender del vagón hasta que no se hubiera detenido del todo para no desgastar su único par de zapatos. En cierta ocasión, yendo con unos amigos y topándose con una acera encharcada por la ruptura de una boca de riego, Vallejo prefirió dar media vuelta y despedirse de sus amigos antes que arriesgarse a arruinar sus zapatos atravesando el charco (108). Quisiera contrastar esta imagen, que sintetiza la penuria económica que marcó la vida de Vallejo en París y en general los quince años que pasó en Europa desde que abandonó el Perú en 1923 hasta su muerte en 1938, con la imagen que propone una fotografía (véase Fig. 1). Es una fotografía muy conocida: tomada en 1929 por Juan Domingo Córdoba en el curso de un paseo veraniego por Versalles, se ha convertido en una suerte de imagen emblemática, reproducida en numerosas reediciones de la obra de Vallejo. De hecho, lo que a mí siempre me llamó la atención en esta imagen es la pose. La pose, y la elegancia del atuendo. Consideremos por un momento lo atildado del traje, el coqueto pañuelo que asoma del bolsillo superior de la chaqueta, el anillo con un ágata negra engastada en el dedo corazón, el sombrero de fieltro dejado al desgaire en la pierna, el señorial bastón—o la corbata anudada en pajarita con que aparece en otra fotografía contemporánea (véase Fig. 2). Si hubiera que definir en una palabra la elegancia de esa pose, yo diría que es la pose de un dandy. Un dandy de zapatos gastados. En los múltiples transtierros de Vallejo, y en particular en los quince años que vivió en París, coexisten así pues la precariedad económica del emigrante y el cosmopolitismo del viajero culto. N2 - The beginning could be two images of Vallejo in Paris. The first is extracted from the most recent biography of the Peruvian writer, César Vallejo: A Literary Biography, by the British Hispanist Stephen Hart. Hart reports that in his early years in Paris, Vallejo's situation was so precarious that when he traveled by train he avoided getting off the wagon until he had come to a complete stop so as not to wear his only pair of shoes. On one occasion, going with some friends and running into a sidewalk flooded by the rupture of a hydrant, Vallejo preferred to turn around and say goodbye to his friends rather than risk ruining his shoes by crossing the puddle (108). I would like to contrast this image, which synthesizes the economic hardship that marked Vallejo's life in Paris and in general the fifteen years that he spent in Europe since he left Peru in 1923 until his death in 1938, with the image proposed by a photograph (see Fig. 1). It is a well-known photograph: taken in 1929 by Juan Domingo Córdoba during a summer walk through Versailles, it has become a kind of emblematic image, reproduced in numerous reissues of Vallejo's work. In fact, what always caught my attention in this image is the pose. The pose, and the elegance of the outfit. Consider for a moment the dapperness of the suit, the flirtatious handkerchief that peeks out of the top pocket of the jacket, the ring set with a black agate on the middle finger, the felt hat left loose on the leg, the stately cane — or the tie tied in a bow tie that appears in another contemporary photograph (see Fig. 2). If the elegance of that pose had to be defined in one word, I would say that it is the pose of a dandy. A dandy with worn out shoes. In Vallejo's multiple trans-lands, and in particular in the fifteen years that he lived in Paris, the economic precariousness of the emigrant and the cosmopolitanism of the educated traveler coexist. T2 - A Dude with worn out shoes: Cesar Vallejo's Parisian Errancies Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/un-dandy-de-zapatos-gastados-errancias-parisinas/docview/2555182671/se-2?accountid=14491 SN - 0145-8973 SN - 2327-4247 VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - 389 EP - 407 PB - Arizona State University CY - Tempe ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Tobias A1 - Linker, Torsten T1 - Synthesis of gamma-spirolactams by Birch reduction of arenes JF - European journal of organic chemistry N2 - A convenient method for the synthesis of gamma-spirolactams in only three steps is described. Birch reduction of inexpensive and commercially available aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of chloroacetonitrile affords nitriles in moderate to good yields. Suitable precursors are methyl-substituted benzoic acids, naphthoic, and anthroic acid. Subsequent catalytic hydrogenation proceeds smoothly with PtO2 or Raney Ni as catalysts and lactams are isolated in excellent yields and stereoselectivities. Thus, up to 3 new stereogenic centers can be constructed as sole diastereomers from achiral benzoic acids. Furthermore, it is possible to control the degree of saturation at different pressures, affording products with 0, 1, or 2 double bonds. Overall, more than 15 new gamma-spirolactams have been synthesized in analytically pure form. KW - Arenes KW - Birch reduction KW - Hydrogenation KW - Lactams KW - Synthetic methods Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202100056 SN - 1099-0690 VL - 2021 IS - 10 SP - 1585 EP - 1591 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fudickar, Werner A1 - Metz, Melanie A1 - Mai-Linde, Yasemin A1 - Krüger, Tobias A1 - Kelling, Alexandra A1 - Sperlich, Eric A1 - Linker, Torsten T1 - Influence of functional groups on the ene reaction of singlet oxygen with 1,4-cyclohexadienes JF - Photochemistry and photobiology : the official journal of the American Society for Photobiology N2 - The photooxygenation of 1,4-cyclohexadienes has been studied with a special focus on regio- and stereoselectivities. In all examples, only the methyl-substituted double bond undergoes an ene reaction with singlet oxygen, to afford hydroperoxides in moderate to good yields. We explain the high regioselectivities by a "large-group effect" of the adjacent quaternary stereocenter. Nitriles decrease the reactivity of singlet oxygen, presumably by quenching, but can stabilize proposed per-epoxide intermediates by polar interactions resulting in different stereoselectivities. Spiro lactams and lactones show an interesting effect on regio- and stereoselectivities of the ene reactions. Thus, singlet oxygen attacks the double bond preferentially anti to the carbonyl group, affording only one regioisomeric hydroperoxide. If the reaction occurs from the opposite face, the other regioisomer is exclusively formed by severe electrostatic repulsion in a perepoxide intermediate. We explain this unusual behavior by the fixed geometry of spiro compounds and call it a "spiro effect" in singlet oxygen ene reactions. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13422 SN - 0031-8655 SN - 1751-1097 VL - 97 IS - 6 SP - 1289 EP - 1297 PB - Wiley CY - Malden, Mass. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hein, Johannes T1 - Verb movement and the lack of verb-doubling VP topicalization in Germanic JF - The journal of comparative Germanic linguistics N2 - In the absence of a stranded auxiliary or modal, VP-topicalization in most Germanic languages gives rise to the presence of a dummy verb meaning 'do'. Cross-linguistically, this is a rather uncommon strategy as comparable VP-fronting constructions in other languages, e.g. Hebrew, Polish, and Portuguese, among many others, exhibit verb doubling. A comparison of several recent approaches to verb doubling in VP-fronting reveals that it is the consequence of VP-evacuating head movement of the verb to some higher functional head, which saves the (low copy of the) verb from undergoing copy deletion as part of the low VP copy in the VP-topicalization dependency. Given that almost all Germanic languages have such V-salvaging head movement, namely V-to-C movement, but do not show verb doubling, this paper suggests that V-raising is exceptionally impossible in VP-topicalization clauses and addresses the question of why it is blocked. After discussing and rejecting some conceivable explanations for the lack of verb doubling, I propose that the blocking effect arises from a bleeding interaction between V-to-C movement and VP-to-SpecCP movement. As both operations are triggered by the same head, i.e. C, the VP is always encountered first by a downward search algorithm. Movement of VP then freezes it and its lower copies for subextraction precluding subsequent V-raising. Crucially, this implies that there is no V-to-T raising in most Germanic languages. V2 languages with V-to-T raising, e.g. Yiddish, are correctly predicted to not exhibit the blocking effect. KW - Verb doubling KW - Head movement KW - VP-topicalization KW - Copy deletion KW - V-to-T KW - movement KW - V-to-C movement KW - Verb second KW - Freezing Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-021-09125-5 SN - 1383-4924 SN - 1572-8552 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 89 EP - 144 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V. CY - Dordrecht ER -