TY - JOUR A1 - Dvornikov, Yury A1 - Leibman, Marina A1 - Heim, Birgit A1 - Bartsch, Annett A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Skorospekhova, Tatiana A1 - Fedorova, Irina A1 - Khomutov, Artem A1 - Widhalm, Barbara A1 - Gubarkov, Anatoly A1 - Rößler, Sebastian T1 - Terrestrial CDOM in lakes of Yamal Peninsula BT - Connection to lake and lake catchment properties JF - Remote Sensing N2 - In this study, we analyze interactions in lake and lake catchment systems of a continuous permafrost area. We assessed colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption at 440 nm (a(440)(CDOM)) and absorption slope (S300-500) in lakes using field sampling and optical remote sensing data for an area of 350 km(2) in Central Yamal, Siberia. Applying a CDOM algorithm (ratio of green and red band reflectance) for two high spatial resolution multispectral GeoEye-1 and Worldview-2 satellite images, we were able to extrapolate the a()(CDOM) data from 18 lakes sampled in the field to 356 lakes in the study area (model R-2 = 0.79). Values of a(440)(CDOM) in 356 lakes varied from 0.48 to 8.35 m(-1) with a median of 1.43 m(-1). This a()(CDOM) dataset was used to relate lake CDOM to 17 lake and lake catchment parameters derived from optical and radar remote sensing data and from digital elevation model analysis in order to establish the parameters controlling CDOM in lakes on the Yamal Peninsula. Regression tree model and boosted regression tree analysis showed that the activity of cryogenic processes (thermocirques) in the lake shores and lake water level were the two most important controls, explaining 48.4% and 28.4% of lake CDOM, respectively (R-2 = 0.61). Activation of thermocirques led to a large input of terrestrial organic matter and sediments from catchments and thawed permafrost to lakes (n = 15, mean a(440)(CDOM) = 5.3 m(-1)). Large lakes on the floodplain with a connection to Mordy-Yakha River received more CDOM (n = 7, mean a(440)(CDOM) = 3.8 m(-1)) compared to lakes located on higher terraces. KW - CDOM KW - lakes KW - lake catchments KW - permafrost KW - Yamal KW - remote sensing data Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020167 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 10 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baier, Dieter A1 - Soyez, Konrad A1 - Streurs, Kerstin A1 - Kaiser, Jürgen A1 - Narodoslawski, Michael A1 - Kamm, Birgit A1 - Kromus, Stefan A1 - Kamm, Michael A1 - Zierke, Irene A1 - Koller, Matthias A1 - Hermann, Tim A1 - Schmeer, Ernst A1 - Thrän, Daniela A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Starke, Ines A1 - Holzberger, Anja T1 - Umweltforschung für das Land Brandenburg BT - Projekt Ökotechnologie / Regenerative Energien JF - Brandenburgische Umwelt-Berichte : BUB ; Schriftenreihe der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Potsdam N2 - BAIER, D.; SOYEZ, K.: Dekontamination von Altholz ; BAIER, D. et al.: Untersuchungen zur Kompostierbarkeit von paraffinbeschichteten Verpackungsmaterialien ; KAISER, J.; SOYEZ, K.: Zum Wasser- und Wärmehaushalt des Intensivrotteprozesses der mechanisch-biologischen Abfallbehandlung ; KAMM, B. et al.: Green Biorefinery - European Network for the Implementation of Biorefineries (NIB) ; KAMM, B. et al.: Grüne Bioraffinerie Brandenburg ; KOLLER, M.; HERMANN, T.: Entscheidungshilfen für die ökologische Optimierung der Entsorgung häuslicher Restabfälle ; SCHMEER, E.: Solarthermie 2000 ; SCHMEER, E.: Forschungs- und Demonstrationsanlage zur Photovoltaik ; SOYEZ, K. et al.: Verbundvorhaben "Mechanisch-biologische Restabfallbehandlung" ; STARKE, I. et al.: Carbohydrates as raw material from a Green BioRefinery Y1 - 2000 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-3831 SN - 1434-2375 SN - 1611-9339 VL - 8 SP - 230 EP - 301 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Demske, Ulrike ED - Szczepaniak, Renata ED - Flick, Johanna T1 - The grammaticalization of the definite article in German BT - from demonstratives to weak definites T2 - Walking on the Grammaticalization Path of the Definite Article in German: Functional Main and Side Roads N2 - The present paper looks into the grammaticalization of the definite article in the history of German. Starting with the well-known emergence of the definite article from a demonstrative pronoun over the course of Old High German (750–1050), I will consider the rise of so-called weak definites in Early New High German (1350–1650) as a new piece of evidence for the grammaticalization process. Here, the subclass of possessive weak definites is of particular interest for the grammaticalization of the definite article in German, because of a word order change affecting the position of possessor phrases. As soon as the possessor systematically follows the head noun (except for proper names), we observe three alternatives for the prenominal determiner slot: it may remain empty, or it may be filled either by the indefinite or the definite article in Early New High German. In Present-Day German, the definite article is used in the unmarked case, thus pointing to a second stage in the grammaticalization process of the definite article in German, which has so far not been acknowledged in the literature. KW - grammaticalization KW - definite article KW - weak definites KW - Old High German KW - Early New High German KW - Present-Day German Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-9-027204943 SN - 978-9-027261564 SP - 43 EP - 73 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Company CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziegler, Joceline A1 - Pfitzner, Bjarne A1 - Schulz, Heinrich A1 - Saalbach, Axel A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - Defending against Reconstruction Attacks through Differentially Private Federated Learning for Classification of Heterogeneous Chest X-ray Data JF - Sensors N2 - Privacy regulations and the physical distribution of heterogeneous data are often primary concerns for the development of deep learning models in a medical context. This paper evaluates the feasibility of differentially private federated learning for chest X-ray classification as a defense against data privacy attacks. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to directly compare the impact of differentially private training on two different neural network architectures, DenseNet121 and ResNet50. Extending the federated learning environments previously analyzed in terms of privacy, we simulated a heterogeneous and imbalanced federated setting by distributing images from the public CheXpert and Mendeley chest X-ray datasets unevenly among 36 clients. Both non-private baseline models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.940.94 on the binary classification task of detecting the presence of a medical finding. We demonstrate that both model architectures are vulnerable to privacy violation by applying image reconstruction attacks to local model updates from individual clients. The attack was particularly successful during later training stages. To mitigate the risk of a privacy breach, we integrated Rényi differential privacy with a Gaussian noise mechanism into local model training. We evaluate model performance and attack vulnerability for privacy budgets ε∈{1,3,6,10}�∈{1,3,6,10}. The DenseNet121 achieved the best utility-privacy trade-off with an AUC of 0.940.94 for ε=6�=6. Model performance deteriorated slightly for individual clients compared to the non-private baseline. The ResNet50 only reached an AUC of 0.760.76 in the same privacy setting. Its performance was inferior to that of the DenseNet121 for all considered privacy constraints, suggesting that the DenseNet121 architecture is more robust to differentially private training. KW - federated learning KW - privacy and security KW - privacy attack KW - X-ray Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145195 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Quarmby, Andrew James A1 - Mönnig, Jamal A1 - Mugele, Hendrik A1 - Henschke, Jakob A1 - Kim, MyoungHwee A1 - Cassel, Michael A1 - Engel, Tilman T1 - Biomechanics and lower limb function are altered in athletes and runners with achilles tendinopathy compared with healthy controls: A systematic review JF - Frontiers in Sports and Active Living N2 - Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a debilitating injury in athletes, especially for those engaged in repetitive stretch-shortening cycle activities. Clinical risk factors are numerous, but it has been suggested that altered biomechanics might be associated with AT. No systematic review has been conducted investigating these biomechanical alterations in specifically athletic populations. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to compare the lower-limb biomechanics of athletes with AT to athletically matched asymptomatic controls. Databases were searched for relevant studies investigating biomechanics during gait activities and other motor tasks such as hopping, isolated strength tasks, and reflex responses. Inclusion criteria for studies were an AT diagnosis in at least one group, cross-sectional or prospective data, at least one outcome comparing biomechanical data between an AT and healthy group, and athletic populations. Studies were excluded if patients had Achilles tendon rupture/surgery, participants reported injuries other than AT, and when only within-subject data was available.. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for relevant outcomes. The initial search yielded 4,442 studies. After screening, twenty studies (775 total participants) were synthesised, reporting on a wide range of biomechanical outcomes. Females were under-represented and patients in the AT group were three years older on average. Biomechanical alterations were identified in some studies during running, hopping, jumping, strength tasks and reflex activity. Equally, several biomechanical variables studied were not associated with AT in included studies, indicating a conflicting picture. Kinematics in AT patients appeared to be altered in the lower limb, potentially indicating a pattern of “medial collapse”. Muscular activity of the calf and hips was different between groups, whereby AT patients exhibited greater calf electromyographic amplitudes despite lower plantar flexor strength. Overall, dynamic maximal strength of the plantar flexors, and isometric strength of the hips might be reduced in the AT group. This systematic review reports on several biomechanical alterations in athletes with AT. With further research, these factors could potentially form treatment targets for clinicians, although clinical approaches should take other contributing health factors into account. The studies included were of low quality, and currently no solid conclusions can be drawn. KW - achilles tendinopathy KW - biomechanics KW - neuromuscular KW - kinetics KW - electromyography KW - athletes KW - runners KW - kinematics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.1012471 SN - 2624-9367 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arntz, Fabian A1 - Mkaouer, Bessem A1 - Markov, Adrian A1 - Schoenfeld, Brad A1 - Moran, Jason A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Behrens, Martin A1 - Baumert, Philipp A1 - Erskine, Robert M. A1 - Hauser, Lukas A1 - Chaabene, Helmi T1 - Effect of Plyometric Jump Training on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review With Multilevel Meta-Analysis JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - Objective: To examine the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to September 2021. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The main overall finding (44 effect sizes across 15 clusters median = 2, range = 1–15 effects per cluster) indicated that plyometric jump training had small to moderate effects [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.47 (95% CIs = 0.23–0.71); p < 0.001] on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Subgroup analyses for training experience revealed trivial to large effects in non-athletes [SMD = 0.55 (95% CIs = 0.18–0.93); p = 0.007] and trivial to moderate effects in athletes [SMD = 0.33 (95% CIs = 0.16–0.51); p = 0.001]. Regarding muscle groups, results showed moderate effects for the knee extensors [SMD = 0.72 (95% CIs = 0.66–0.78), p < 0.001] and equivocal effects for the plantar flexors [SMD = 0.65 (95% CIs = −0.25–1.55); p = 0.143]. As to the assessment methods of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, findings indicated trivial to small effects for prediction equations [SMD = 0.29 (95% CIs = 0.16–0.42); p < 0.001] and moderate-to-large effects for ultrasound imaging [SMD = 0.74 (95% CIs = 0.59–0.89); p < 0.001]. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the weekly session frequency moderates the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, with a higher weekly session frequency inducing larger hypertrophic gains [β = 0.3233 (95% CIs = 0.2041–0.4425); p < 0.001]. We found no clear evidence that age, sex, total training period, single session duration, or the number of jumps per week moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy [β = −0.0133 to 0.0433 (95% CIs = −0.0387 to 0.1215); p = 0.101–0.751]. Conclusion: Plyometric jump training can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy, regardless of age and sex. There is evidence for relatively larger effects in non-athletes compared with athletes. Further, the weekly session frequency seems to moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, whereby more frequent weekly plyometric jump training sessions elicit larger hypertrophic adaptations. KW - muscle tissue KW - muscle strength KW - stretch shortening cycle exercise KW - muscle growth KW - human physical conditioning KW - youth sports KW - aged Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.888464 SN - 1664-042X VL - 13 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ET - 888464 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd A1 - Kantor, Zoltan A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe A1 - Schmälzlin, Elmar A1 - Reich, Oliver T1 - OPQS – optische Prozess- und Qualitäts-Sensorik N2 - Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird an Hand dreier Beispiele der Einsatz von optischer Sensorik zur Produktcharakterisierung dargestellt, nämlich Untersuchungen zum O2-Gehalt in Fruchtsäften, zur Isotopiesignatur von CO2 in Mineralwässern und zu Lichtstreueigenschaften eines Sonnenschutzmittels. Inhalt: Bestimmung von O2 mit Lumineszenzsonden Isotopenselektive Bestimmung von CO2 mit TDLAS Optische Charakterisierung stark streuender Materialien mit Photonendichtewellen T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 028 KW - Sensorik KW - Prozesskontrolle KW - Absorption KW - Lumineszenz KW - Lichtstreuung KW - Isotopie Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13205 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zeuschner, Steffen Peer T1 - Magnetoacoustics observed with ultrafast x-ray diffraction N2 - In the present thesis I investigate the lattice dynamics of thin film hetero structures of magnetically ordered materials upon femtosecond laser excitation as a probing and manipulation scheme for the spin system. The quantitative assessment of laser induced thermal dynamics as well as generated picosecond acoustic pulses and their respective impact on the magnetization dynamics of thin films is a challenging endeavor. All the more, the development and implementation of effective experimental tools and comprehensive models are paramount to propel future academic and technological progress. In all experiments in the scope of this cumulative dissertation, I examine the crystal lattice of nanoscale thin films upon the excitation with femtosecond laser pulses. The relative change of the lattice constant due to thermal expansion or picosecond strain pulses is directly monitored by an ultrafast X-ray diffraction (UXRD) setup with a femtosecond laser-driven plasma X-ray source (PXS). Phonons and spins alike exert stress on the lattice, which responds according to the elastic properties of the material, rendering the lattice a versatile sensor for all sorts of ultrafast interactions. On the one hand, I investigate materials with strong magneto-elastic properties; The highly magnetostrictive rare-earth compound TbFe2, elemental Dysprosium or the technological relevant Invar material FePt. On the other hand I conduct a comprehensive study on the lattice dynamics of Bi1Y2Fe5O12 (Bi:YIG), which exhibits high-frequency coherent spin dynamics upon femtosecond laser excitation according to the literature. Higher order standing spinwaves (SSWs) are triggered by coherent and incoherent motion of atoms, in other words phonons, which I quantified with UXRD. We are able to unite the experimental observations of the lattice and magnetization dynamics qualitatively and quantitatively. This is done with a combination of multi-temperature, elastic, magneto-elastic, anisotropy and micro-magnetic modeling. The collective data from UXRD, to probe the lattice, and time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (tr-MOKE) measurements, to monitor the magnetization, were previously collected at different experimental setups. To improve the precision of the quantitative assessment of lattice and magnetization dynamics alike, our group implemented a combination of UXRD and tr-MOKE in a singular experimental setup, which is to my knowledge, the first of its kind. I helped with the conception and commissioning of this novel experimental station, which allows the simultaneous observation of lattice and magnetization dynamics on an ultrafast timescale under identical excitation conditions. Furthermore, I developed a new X-ray diffraction measurement routine which significantly reduces the measurement time of UXRD experiments by up to an order of magnitude. It is called reciprocal space slicing (RSS) and utilizes an area detector to monitor the angular motion of X-ray diffraction peaks, which is associated with lattice constant changes, without a time-consuming scan of the diffraction angles with the goniometer. RSS is particularly useful for ultrafast diffraction experiments, since measurement time at large scale facilities like synchrotrons and free electron lasers is a scarce and expensive resource. However, RSS is not limited to ultrafast experiments and can even be extended to other diffraction techniques with neutrons or electrons. N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit untersuche ich die Gitterdynamik von magnetisch geordneten und dünnen Filmen, deren Spinsystem mit Femtosekunden-Laserpulsen angeregt und untersucht wird. Die Quantifizierung der laserinduzierten thermischen Dynamik, der erzeugten Pikosekunden-Schallpulse sowie deren jeweiliger Einfluss auf die Magnetisierungsdynamik ist ein schwieriges Unterfangen. Umso mehr ist die Entwicklung und Anwendung von effizienten experimentellen Konzepten und umfangreichen Modellen grundlegend für das Antreiben des zukünftigen wissenschaftlichen und technologischen Fortschritt. In jedem Experiment dieser kummulativen Dissertation untersuche ich das Kristallgitter von Nanometer dünnen Filmen nach der Anregung mit Femtosekunden-Laserpulsen. Die relative Änderung der Gitterkonstante, hervorgerufen durch thermische Ausdehnung oder Pikosekunden-Schallpulse, wird dabei direkt mittels ultraschneller Röntgenbeugung (UXRD) gemessen. Der Aufbau nutzt zur Bereitstellung von ultrakurzen Röntgenpulsen eine lasergetriebene Plasma-Röntgenquelle (PXS). Phononen und Spins üben gleichermaßen einen Druck auf das Gitter aus, welches entsprechend der elastsischen Eigenschaften des Materials reagiert, was das Gitter zu einem vielseitigen Sensor für ultraschenlle Wechselwirkungen macht. Zum einen untersuche ich Materialien mit starken magnetoelastischen Eigentschaften: die stark magnetostriktive Seltenen-Erden-Verbindung TbFe2, elementares Dysprosium oder das technologisch relavante Invar-Material FePt. Zum anderen habe ich eine umfangreiche Studie der Gitterdynamik von Bi1Y2Fe5O12 (Bi:YIG) angestellt, in dem der Literatur zufolge hochfrequente kohärente Spindynamiken durch Femtosekunden-Laseranregung zu beobachten sind. Diese stehenden Spinwellen (SSWs) höherer Ordnung entstehen durch die kohärente und inkohärente Bewegung von Atomen, in anderen Worten Phononen, welche ich durch UXRD vermessen habe. Somit sind wir in der Lage, die experimentellen Beobachtungen der Gitter- und Spindynamik qualitativ und quantitativ zu vereinigen. Dies geschieht durch eine Kombination von Viel-Temperatur- und Anisotropiemodellierung sowie elastische, magnetoelastische, und mikromagnetsiche Modelle. Die gemeinsamen Daten von UXRD und der zeitaufgelösten magnetooptischen Kerr-Effekt Messungen (tr-MOKE), um jeweils die Gitter- und Spindynamik zu messen, wurden in der Vergangenheit noch an unterschiedlichen experimentellen Aufbauten gemessen. Um die Quantifizierung präziser zu gestalten, haben wir in unserer Arbeitsgruppe UXRD und tr-MOKE in einem einzigen Aufbau kombiniert, welcher somit meines Wissens der erste seiner Art ist. Ich half bei dem Entwurf und der Inbetriebnahme des neuen Aufbaus, welcher die gleichzeitige Messung von Gitter- und Spindynamik auf einer ultraschnellen Zeitskala unter identischen Anregungsbedingungen ermöglicht. Außerdem entwickelte ich eine neue Messroutine für Röntgenbeugung, welche die Messzeit von UXRD-Experimenten um bis zu einer Größenordnungen reduziert. Es nennt sich das Schneiden des reziproken Raumes (reciprocal space slicing, RSS) und nutzt den Vorteil von Flächendetektoren die Bewegung von Beugungsreflexen zu detektieren, was von einer Änderung der Gitterkonstante einhergeht, ohne zeitintensive Scans der Beugungswinkel mit dem Goniometer durchzuführen. RSS ist besonders nützlich für ultraschnelle Beugungsexperimente, weil die Messzeit an Großgeräten wie Synchrotrons oder Freie Elektronen Laser eine seltene und teure Ressource ist. Darüber hinaus ist RSS nicht zwangsläufig auf die Anwendung in ultraschnellen Experimenten beschränkt und kann sogar auf andere Beugungsexperimente, wie die mit Neutronen und Elektronen, ausgeweitet werden. KW - ultrafast KW - X-ray diffraction KW - thin films KW - magnetoelasticity KW - ultraschnell KW - Röntgenbeugung KW - dünne Filme KW - Magnetoelastizität Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-561098 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Tjaden, Jasper Dag T1 - Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy JF - Frontiers in Sociology N2 - Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers. KW - refugees KW - allocation policies KW - rural KW - language acquisition KW - intergroup contacts KW - language courses KW - integration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.841775 SN - 2297-7775 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria A1 - Niederer, Daniel A1 - Drießlein, David A1 - Beck, Heidrun A1 - Banzer, Winfried Eberhard A1 - Schneider, Christian A1 - Schiltenwolf, Marcus A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Psychosocial Moderators and Mediators of Sensorimotor Exercise in Low Back Pain: A Randomized Multicenter Controlled Trial JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry N2 - The effects of exercise interventions on unspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) have been investigated in many studies, but the results are inconclusive regarding exercise types, efficiency, and sustainability. This may be because the influence of psychosocial factors on exercise induced adaptation regarding CLBP is neglected. Therefore, this study assessed psychosocial characteristics, which moderate and mediate the effects of sensorimotor exercise on LBP. A single-blind 3-arm multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted for 12-weeks. Three exercise groups, sensorimotor exercise (SMT), sensorimotor and behavioral training (SMT-BT), and regular routines (CG) were randomly assigned to 662 volunteers. Primary outcomes (pain intensity and disability) and psychosocial characteristics were assessed at baseline (M1) and follow-up (3/6/12/24 weeks, M2-M5). Multiple regression models were used to analyze whether psychosocial characteristics are moderators of the relationship between exercise and pain, meaning that psychosocial factors and exercise interact. Causal mediation analysis were conducted to analyze, whether psychosocial characteristics mediate the exercise effect on pain. A total of 453 participants with intermittent pain (mean age = 39.5 ± 12.2 years, f = 62%) completed the training. It was shown, that depressive symptomatology (at M4, M5), vital exhaustion (at M4), and perceived social support (at M5) are significant moderators of the relationship between exercise and the reduction of pain intensity. Further depressive mood (at M4), social-satisfaction (at M4), and anxiety (at M5 SMT) significantly moderate the exercise effect on pain disability. The amount of moderation was of clinical relevance. In contrast, there were no psychosocial variables which mediated exercise effects on pain. In conclusion it was shown, that psychosocial variables can be moderators in the relationship between sensorimotor exercise induced adaptation on CLBP which may explain conflicting results in the past regarding the merit of exercise interventions in CLBP. Results suggest further an early identification of psychosocial risk factors by diagnostic tools, which may essential support the planning of personalized exercise therapy. Level of Evidence: Level I. Clinical Trial Registration: DRKS00004977, LOE: I, MiSpEx: grant-number: 080102A/11-14. https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00004977. KW - low-back-pain KW - motor-control-exercise KW - multidisciplinary-therapy KW - MiSpEx-network KW - yellow flags Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.629474 SN - 1664-0640 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wochatz, Monique A1 - Schraplau, Anne A1 - Engel, Tilman A1 - Zecher, Mahli Megan A1 - Sharon, Hadar A1 - Alt, Yasmin A1 - Mayer, Frank A1 - Kalron, Alon T1 - Application of eccentric training in various clinical populations BT - Protocol for a multi-centered pilot and feasibility study in people with low back pain and people with multiple sclerosis JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Physical activity and exercise are effective approaches in prevention and therapy of multiple diseases. Although the specific characteristics of lengthening contractions have the potential to be beneficial in many clinical conditions, eccentric training is not commonly used in clinical populations with metabolic, orthopaedic, or neurologic conditions. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility, functional benefits, and systemic responses of an eccentric exercise program focused on the trunk and lower extremities in people with low back pain (LBP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A six-week eccentric training program with three weekly sessions is performed by people with LBP and MS. The program consists of ten exercises addressing strength of the trunk and lower extremities. The study follows a four-group design (N = 12 per group) in two study centers (Israel and Germany): three groups perform the eccentric training program: A) control group (healthy, asymptomatic); B) people with LBP; C) people with MS; group D (people with MS) receives standard care physiotherapy. Baseline measurements are conducted before first training, post-measurement takes place after the last session both comprise blood sampling, self-reported questionnaires, mobility, balance, and strength testing. The feasibility of the eccentric training program will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures related to the study process, compliance and adherence, safety, and overall program assessment. For preliminary assessment of potential intervention effects, surrogate parameters related to mobility, postural control, muscle strength and systemic effects are assessed. The presented study will add knowledge regarding safety, feasibility, and initial effects of eccentric training in people with orthopaedic and neurological conditions. The simple exercises, that are easily modifiable in complexity and intensity, are likely beneficial to other populations. Thus, multiple applications and implementation pathways for the herein presented training program are conceivable. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270875 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 17 IS - 12 PB - Public Library of Science CY - San Francisco, California, USA ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dimigen, Olaf A1 - Valsecchi, Matteo A1 - Sommer, Werner A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Human Microsaccade-Related Visual Brain Responses N2 - Microsaccades are very small, involuntary flicks in eye position that occur on average once or twice per second during attempted visual fixation. Microsaccades give rise to EMG eye muscle spikes that can distort the spectrum of the scalp EEG and mimic increases in gamma band power. Here we demonstrate that microsaccades are also accompanied by genuine and sizeable cortical activity, manifested in the EEG. In three experiments, high-resolution eye movements were corecorded with the EEG: during sustained fixation of checkerboard and face stimuli and in a standard visual oddball task that required the counting of target stimuli. Results show that microsaccades as small as 0.15° generate a field potential over occipital cortex and midcentral scalp sites 100 –140 ms after movement onset, which resembles the visual lambda response evoked by larger voluntary saccades. This challenges the standard assumption of human brain imaging studies that saccade-related brain activity is precluded by fixation, even when fully complied with. Instead, additional cortical potentials from microsaccades were present in 86% of the oddball task trials and of similar amplitude as the visual response to stimulus onset. Furthermore, microsaccade probability varied systematically according to the proportion of target stimuli in the oddball task, causing modulations of late stimulus-locked event-related potential (ERP) components. Microsaccades present an unrecognized source of visual brain signal that is of interest for vision research and may have influenced the data of many ERP and neuroimaging studies. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 240 Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56923 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Petersen, Ann-Christin A1 - von Rezori, Roman Enzio A1 - Buchallik, Friederike A1 - Baumeister, Harald A1 - Holl, Reinhard A1 - Minden, Kirsten A1 - Müller-​Stierlin, Annabel Sandra A1 - Reinauer, Christina A1 - Staab, Doris A1 - COACH consortium, T1 - A prospective investigation of developmental trajectories of psychosocial adjustment in adolescents facing a chronic condition - study protocol of an observational, multi-center study JF - BMC Pediatrics N2 - Background Relatively little is known about protective factors and the emergence and maintenance of positive outcomes in the field of adolescents with chronic conditions. Therefore, the primary aim of the study is to acquire a deeper understanding of the dynamic process of resilience factors, coping strategies and psychosocial adjustment of adolescents living with chronic conditions. Methods/design We plan to consecutively recruit N = 450 adolescents (12–21 years) from three German patient registries for chronic conditions (type 1 diabetes, cystic fibrosis, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis). Based on screening for anxiety and depression, adolescents are assigned to two parallel groups – “inconspicuous” (PHQ-9 and GAD-7 < 7) vs. “conspicuous” (PHQ-9 or GAD-7 ≥ 7) – participating in a prospective online survey at baseline and 12-month follow-up. At two time points (T1, T2), we assess (1) intra- and interpersonal resiliency factors, (2) coping strategies, and (3) health-related quality of life, well-being, satisfaction with life, anxiety and depression. Using a cross-lagged panel design, we will examine the bidirectional longitudinal relations between resiliency factors and coping strategies, psychological adaptation, and psychosocial adjustment. To monitor Covid-19 pandemic effects, participants are also invited to take part in an intermediate online survey. Discussion The study will provide a deeper understanding of adaptive, potentially modifiable processes and will therefore help to develop novel, tailored interventions supporting a positive adaptation in youths with a chronic condition. These strategies should not only support those at risk but also promote the maintenance of a successful adaptation. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), no. DRKS00025125. Registered on May 17, 2021. KW - Chronic conditions KW - Adolescents KW - Prospective KW - Quality of life KW - Resiliency KW - Coping KW - Protective factors KW - Type 1 diabetes KW - Juvenile idiopathic arthritis KW - Cystic fibrosis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02869-9 SN - 1471-2431 VL - 21 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - BMC pediatrics CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Masson, Michael E. J. A1 - Richter, Eike M. T1 - A linear mixed model analysis of masked repetition priming N2 - We examined individual differences in masked repetition priming by re-analyzing item-level response-time (RT) data from three experiments. Using a linear mixed model (LMM) with subjects and items specified as crossed random factors, the originally reported priming and word-frequency effects were recovered. In the same LMM, we estimated parameters describing the distributions of these effects across subjects. Subjects’ frequency and priming effects correlated positively with each other and negatively with mean RT. These correlation estimates, however, emerged only with a reciprocal transformation of RT (i.e., -1/RT), justified on the basis of distributional analyses. Different correlations, some with opposite sign, were obtained (1) for untransformed or logarithmic RTs or (2) when correlations were computed using within-subject analyses. We discuss the relevance of the new results for accounts of masked priming, implications of applying RT transformations, and the use of LMMs as a tool for the joint analysis of experimental effects and associated individual differences. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 247 Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57073 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Bates, Douglas T1 - International Collaboration in Psychology is on the Rise N2 - There has been a substantial increase in the percentage for publications with co-authors located in departments from different countries in 12 major journals of psychology. The results are evidence for a remarkable internationalization of psychological research, starting in the mid 1970s and increasing in rate at the beginning of the 1990s. This growth occurs against a constant number of articles with authors from the same country; it is not due to a concomitant increase in the number of co-authors per article. Thus, international collaboration in psychology is obviously on the rise. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 244 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57045 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fiedler, Klaus A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Lindenberger, Ulman A1 - Mausfeld, Rainer A1 - Mummendey, Amélie A1 - Prinz, Wolfgang T1 - Psychologie im 21. Jahrhundert: Führende deutsche Psychologen über Lage und Zukunft ihres Fachs und die Rolle der psychologischen Grundlagenforschung T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 245 Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57051 ER - TY - THES A1 - Meinke, Anja T1 - Nikotineffekte auf räumliche Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse bei Nichtrauchern T1 - Effects of nicotine on visual attention in non-smokers N2 - Nikotin in den unterschiedlichsten Darreichungsformen verringert bei verschiedenen Spezies im räumlichen Hinweisreizparadigma die Kosten invalider Hinweisreize. Welcher Teilprozess genau durch Nikotin beeinflusst wird, ist bislang nicht untersucht worden. Die gängige Interpretation ist, daß Nikotin das Loslösen von Aufmerksamkeit von einem bisher beachteten Ort erleichtert. In fünf Studien, drei elektrophysiologischen und zwei behavioralen wurden drei mögliche Mechanismen der Nikotinwirkung an Nichtrauchern untersucht. Experiment 1 und 2 gingen der Frage nach, ob Nikotin eine Modulation sensorischer gain Kontrolle bewirkt. Dazu wurden ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale (EKP) im Posner-Paradigma erhoben und die Wirkung von Nikotin auf die aufmerksamkeitsassoziierten Komponenten P1 und N1 betrachtet. Nikotin verringerte die Kosten invalider Hinweisreize bei Aufmerksamkeitslenkung durch endogene Hinweisreize, nicht aber bei exogenen Hinweisreizen. Die P1 und N1 Komponenten zeigten sich unbeeinflusst von Nikotin, damit findet also die Annahme einer Wirkung auf sensorische Suppression keine Unterstützung. In Experiment 3 und 4 wurde untersucht, ob Nikotin einen Effekt auf kostenträchtige unwillkürliche Aufmerksamkeitsverschiebungen, Distraktionen, hat. In Experiment 3 wurden in einem räumlichen Daueraufmerksamkeitsparadigma Distraktionen durch deviante Stimulusmerkmale ausgelöst und die Wirkung von Nikotin auf eine distraktionsassoziierte Komponente des EKP, die P3a, betrachtet. In Experiment 4 wurde in einem Hinweisreizparadigma durch zusätzliche Stimuli eine Distraktion ausgelöst und die Nikotinwirkung auf die Reaktionszeitkosten untersucht. Nikotin zeigte keinen Einfluss auf Distraktionskosten in beiden Studien und auch keine Wirkung auf die P3a Komponente in Experiment 3. In Experiment 4 wurde zusätzlich die Wirkung von Nikotin auf das Loslösen von Aufmerksamkeit untersucht, indem die Schwierigkeit des Loslösens variiert wurde. Auch hier zeigte sich keine Nikotinwirkung. Allerdings konnte in beiden Studien weder die häufig berichtete generelle Reaktionszeitverkürzung noch die Verringerung der Kosten invalider Hinweisreize repliziert werden, so dass zum Einen keine Aussage über die Wirkung von Nikotin auf Distraktionen oder den Aufmerksamkeitsloslöseprozess gemacht werden können, zum Anderen sich die Frage stellte, unter welchen Bedingungen Nikotin einen differentiellen Effekt überhaupt zeigt. Im letzten Experiment wurde hierzu die Häufigkeit der Reaktionsanforderung einerseits und die zeitlichen Aspekte der Aufmerksamkeitslenkung andererseits variiert und der Effekt des Nikotins auf den Validitätseffekt, die Reaktionszeitdifferenz zwischen valide und invalide vorhergesagten Zielreizen, betrachtet. Nikotin verringerte bei Individuen, bei denen Aufmerksamkeitslenkung in allen Bedingungen evident war, in der Tendenz den Validitätseffekt in der ereignisärmsten Bedingung, wenn nur selten willentliche Aufmerksamkeitsausrichtung notwendig war. Dies könnte als Hinweis gedeutet werden, dass Nikotin unter Bedingungen, die große Anforderungen an die Vigilanz stellen, die top-down Zuweisung von Aufmerksamkeitsressourcen unterstützt. N2 - Nicotine has consistently been shown to improve performance on a range of attentional tasks. In spatial cueing (Posner-type) paradigms, where a cue indicates the likely location of a subsequent target stimulus, nicotine influences the ability to react to invalidly cued targets across different species and ways of administration. Previous research suggested that the cholinergic effect is due to a facilitated disengagemant of attention from the cued location. In five studies with nonsmoking subjects, three candidate mechanisms of nicotinic action were examined. Experiment 1 and experiment 2 investigated whether nicotine modulates attentional processes of sensory gain control. In a Posner-paradigm event-related potentials (ERP) were measured and the effect of nicotine on the attention-related components P1 and N1 was assessed. Behaviorally, nicotine reduced the costs of invalid cueing when cues were endogenous, but not with exogenous cues. Electrophysiologically, the P1 and N1 components were not affected by nicotine. These data provide therefore no support for the notion of a nicotine-modulated attentional suppression. In experiment 3 and 4 the effect of nicotine on involuntary distracting attention shifts was investigated. In experiment 3 ERPs were measured in a spatial sustained attention paradigm, where rare changes in a target stimulus attribute were used as distractors. The effect of nicotine on the distraction-associated P3a component was assessed. In experiment 4 the effect of nicotine on the reaction time costs of additional distracting stimuli was studied in a Posner paradigm. In both studies nicotine did not show an effect on distractions, neither in the reaction time costs nor in the parameters of the P3a component. Experiment 4 also investigated whether nicotine has an effect on the disengagement of attention by varying the difficulty of disengaging one's focus from the cued location. Again, nicotine did not show an effect. However, experiment 3 and 4 also neither replicated the commonly reported general nicotinic reduction of reaction times nor the differential reduction of the costs of invalid cueing. Therefore, regarding the effect of nicotine on distraction and on the disengagement of attention the data remain inconclusive. However, these data suggest that there are conditions and mechanisms moderating nicotinic action, that are still unknown. Accordingly, experiment 5 made the attempt to determine such conditions. Response frequency and temporal characteristics of attention orientation were varied. In individuals, who evidently had shifted their attention, nicotine reduced the validity effect under uneventful conditions, when attention was not to be shifted in each trial. This might suggest that nicotine facilitates the top-down allocation of attentional resources in vigilance-demanding situations. KW - Nicotin KW - Aufmerksamkeit KW - Kognition KW - Acetylcholin KW - Ereigniskorreliertes Potenzial KW - attention KW - nicotine KW - actylcholine KW - cognition KW - event-related potentials Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7659 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Lena Katharina A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Rottler, Erwin A1 - Blume, Theresa A1 - Schöber, Johannes A1 - Bronstert, Axel T1 - Suspended sediment and discharge dynamics in a glaciated alpine environment BT - identifying crucial areas and time periods on several spatial and temporal scales in the Ötztal, Austria JF - Earth surface dynamics N2 - Glaciated high-alpine areas are fundamentally altered by climate change, with well-known implications for hydrology, e.g., due to glacier retreat, longer snow-free periods, and more frequent and intense summer rainstorms. While knowledge on how these hydrological changes will propagate to suspended sediment dynamics is still scarce, it is needed to inform mitigation and adaptation strategies. To understand the processes and source areas most relevant to sediment dynamics, we analyzed discharge and sediment dynamics in high temporal resolution as well as their patterns on several spatial scales, which to date few studies have done. We used a nested catchment setup in the Upper Ötztal in Tyrol, Austria, where high-resolution (15 min) time series of discharge and suspended sediment concentrations are available for up to 15 years (2006–2020). The catchments of the gauges in Vent, Sölden and Tumpen range from 100 to almost 800 km2 with 10 % to 30 % glacier cover and span an elevation range of 930 to 3772 m a.s.l. We analyzed discharge and suspended sediment yields (SSY), their distribution in space, their seasonality and spatial differences therein, and the relative importance of short-term events. We complemented our analysis by linking the observations to satellite-based snow cover maps, glacier inventories, mass balances and precipitation data. Our results indicate that the areas above 2500 m a.s.l., characterized by glacier tongues and the most recently deglaciated areas, are crucial for sediment generation in all sub-catchments. This notion is supported by the synchronous spring onset of sediment export at the three gauges, which coincides with snowmelt above 2500 m but lags behind spring discharge onsets. This points at a limitation of suspended sediment supply as long as the areas above 2500 m are snow-covered. The positive correlation of annual SSY with glacier cover (among catchments) and glacier mass balances (within a catchment) further supports the importance of the glacier-dominated areas. The analysis of short-term events showed that summer precipitation events were associated with peak sediment concentrations and yields but on average accounted for only 21 % of the annual SSY in the headwaters. These results indicate that under current conditions, thermally induced sediment export (through snow and glacier melt) is dominant in the study area. Our results extend the scientific knowledge on current hydro-sedimentological conditions in glaciated high-alpine areas and provide a baseline for studies on projected future changes in hydro-sedimentological system dynamics. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-653-2022 SN - 2196-632X SN - 2196-6311 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 653 EP - 669 PB - Copernicus Publications CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hecker, Pascal A1 - Steckhan, Nico A1 - Eyben, Florian A1 - Schuller, Björn Wolfgang A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - Voice Analysis for Neurological Disorder Recognition – A Systematic Review and Perspective on Emerging Trends JF - Frontiers in Digital Health N2 - Quantifying neurological disorders from voice is a rapidly growing field of research and holds promise for unobtrusive and large-scale disorder monitoring. The data recording setup and data analysis pipelines are both crucial aspects to effectively obtain relevant information from participants. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to provide a high-level overview of practices across various neurological disorders and highlight emerging trends. PRISMA-based literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore to identify publications in which original (i.e., newly recorded) datasets were collected. Disorders of interest were psychiatric as well as neurodegenerative disorders, such as bipolar disorder, depression, and stress, as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease, and speech impairments (aphasia, dysarthria, and dysphonia). Of the 43 retrieved studies, Parkinson's disease is represented most prominently with 19 discovered datasets. Free speech and read speech tasks are most commonly used across disorders. Besides popular feature extraction toolkits, many studies utilise custom-built feature sets. Correlations of acoustic features with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are presented. In terms of analysis, statistical analysis for significance of individual features is commonly used, as well as predictive modeling approaches, especially with support vector machines and a small number of artificial neural networks. An emerging trend and recommendation for future studies is to collect data in everyday life to facilitate longitudinal data collection and to capture the behavior of participants more naturally. Another emerging trend is to record additional modalities to voice, which can potentially increase analytical performance. KW - neurological disorders KW - voice KW - speech KW - everyday life KW - multiple modalities KW - machine learning KW - disorder recognition Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.842301 SN - 2673-253X PB - Frontiers Media SA CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göldel, Julia Marlen A1 - Kamrath, Clemens A1 - Minden, Kirsten A1 - Wiegand, Susanna A1 - Lanzinger, Stefanie A1 - Sengler, Claudia A1 - Weihrauch-Blüher, Susann A1 - Holl, Reinhard A1 - Tittel, Sascha René A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Access to Healthcare for Children and Adolescents with a Chronic Health Condition during the COVID-19 Pandemic: First Results from the KICK-COVID Study in Germany JF - Children N2 - This study examines the access to healthcare for children and adolescents with three common chronic diseases (type-1 diabetes (T1D), obesity, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)) within the 4th (Delta), 5th (Omicron), and beginning of the 6th (Omicron) wave (June 2021 until July 2022) of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany in a cross-sectional study using three national patient registries. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire was given to parents of pediatric patients (<21 years) during the routine check-ups. The questionnaire contains self-constructed items assessing the frequency of healthcare appointments and cancellations, remote healthcare, and satisfaction with healthcare. In total, 905 parents participated in the T1D-sample, 175 in the obesity-sample, and 786 in the JIA-sample. In general, satisfaction with healthcare (scale: 0–10; 10 reflecting the highest satisfaction) was quite high (median values: T1D 10, JIA 10, obesity 8.5). The proportion of children and adolescents with canceled appointments was relatively small (T1D 14.1%, JIA 11.1%, obesity 20%), with a median of 1 missed appointment, respectively. Only a few parents (T1D 8.6%; obesity 13.1%; JIA 5%) reported obstacles regarding health services during the pandemic. To conclude, it seems that access to healthcare was largely preserved for children and adolescents with chronic health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. KW - chronic health condition KW - children and adolescents KW - health care KW - COVID-19 pandemic KW - diabetes KW - rheumatic diseases KW - obesity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010010 SN - 2227-9067 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 1 ER -