TY - THES
A1 - Wischnewski, Juliane
T1 - Reconstructing climate variability on the Tibetan Plateau : comparing aquatic and terrestrial signals
T1 - Klimarekonstruktionen auf dem Tibet Plateau : aquatische und terrestrische Signale im Vergleich
N2 - Spatial and temporal temperature and moisture patterns across the Tibetan Plateau are very complex. The onset and magnitude of the Holocene climate optimum in the Asian monsoon realm, in particular, is a subject of considerable debate as this time period is often used as an analogue for recent global warming. In the light of contradictory inferences regarding past climate and environmental change on the Tibetan Plateau, I have attempted to explain mismatches in the timing and magnitude of change. Therefore, I analysed the temporal variation of fossil pollen and diatom spectra and the geochemical record from palaeo-ecological records covering different time scales (late Quaternary and the last 200 years) from two core regions in the NE and SE Tibetan Plateau. For interpretation purposes I combined my data with other available palaeo-ecological data to set up corresponding aquatic and terrestrial proxy data sets of two lake pairs and two sets of sites. I focused on the direct comparison of proxies representing lacustrine response to climate signals (e.g., diatoms, ostracods, geochemical record) and proxies representing changes in the terrestrial environment (i.e., terrestrial pollen), in order to asses whether the lake and its catchments respond at similar times and magnitudes to environmental changes. Therefore, I introduced the established numerical technique procrustes rotation as a new approach in palaeoecology to quantitatively compare raw data of any two sedimentary records of interest in order to assess their degree of concordance. Focusing on the late Quaternary, sediment cores from two lakes (Kuhai Lake 35.3°N; 99.2°E; 4150 m asl; and Koucha Lake 34.0°N; 97.2°E; 4540 m asl) on the semi-arid northeastern Tibetan Plateau were analysed to identify post-glacial vegetation and environmental changes, and to investigate the responses of lake ecosystems to such changes. Based on the pollen record, five major vegetation and climate changes could be identified: (1) A shift from alpine desert to alpine steppe indicates a change from cold, dry conditions to warmer and more moist conditions at 14.8 cal. ka BP, (2) alpine steppe with tundra elements points to conditions of higher effective moisture and a stepwise warming climate at 13.6 cal. ka BP, (3) the appearance of high-alpine meadow vegetation indicates a further change towards increased moisture, but with colder temperatures, at 7.0 cal. ka BP, (4) the reoccurrence of alpine steppe with desert elements suggests a return to a significantly colder and drier phase at 6.3 cal. ka BP, and (5) the establishment of alpine steppe-meadow vegetation indicates a change back to relatively moist conditions at 2.2 cal. ka BP. To place the reconstructed climate inferences from the NE Tibetan Plateau into the context of Holocene moisture evolution across the Tibetan Plateau, I applied a five-scale moisture index and average link clustering to all available continuous pollen and non-pollen palaeoclimate records from the Tibetan Plateau, in an attempt to detect coherent regional and temporal patterns of moisture evolution on the Plateau. However, no common temporal or spatial pattern of moisture evolution during the Holocene could be detected, which can be assigned to the complex responses of different proxies to environmental changes in an already very heterogeneous mountain landscape, where minor differences in elevation can result in marked variations in microenvironments. Focusing on the past 200 years, I analysed the sedimentary records (LC6 Lake 29.5°N, 94.3°E, 4132 m asl; and Wuxu Lake 29.9°N, 101.1°E, 3705 m asl) from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. I found that despite presumed significant temperature increases over that period, pollen and diatom records from the SE Tibetan Plateau reveal only very subtle changes throughout their profiles. The compositional species turnover investigated over the last 200 years appears relatively low in comparison to the species reorganisations during the Holocene. The results indicate that climatically induced ecological thresholds are not yet crossed, but that human activity has an increasing influence, particularly on the terrestrial ecosystem. Forest clearances and reforestation have not caused forest decline in our study area, but a conversion of natural forests to semi-natural secondary forests. The results from the numerical proxy comparison of the two sets of two pairs of Tibetan lakes indicate that the use of different proxies and the work with palaeo-ecological records from different lake types can cause deviant stories of inferred change. Irrespective of the timescale (Holocene or last 200 years) or region (SE or NE Tibetan Plateau) analysed, the agreement in terms of the direction, timing, and magnitude of change between the corresponding terrestrial data sets is generally better than the match between the corresponding lacustrine data sets, suggesting that lacustrine proxies may partly be influenced by in-lake or local catchment processes whereas the terrestrial proxy reflects a more regional climatic signal. The current disaccord on coherent temporal and spatial climate patterns on the Tibetan Plateau can partly be ascribed to the complexity of proxy response and lake systems on the Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, a multi-proxy, multi-site approach is important in order to gain a reliable climate interpretation for the complex mountain landscape of the Tibetan Plateau.
N2 - Die räumlichen und zeitlichen Temperatur- und Feuchtigkeitsmuster auf dem Tibet-Plateau sind sehr komplex. Im Einzugsbereich der asiatischen Monsune sind insbesondere der Beginn und das Ausmaß des Klimaoptimums während des Holozäns von wissenschaftlichem Interesse, da diese Periode oft als Analogie für die derzeitige globale Klimaerwärmung herangezogen wird. In Hinblick auf sich teilweise widersprechende Paläoklima- und Umweltrekonstruktionen für das Tibet-Plateau, ist es mein Ziel, die bestehenden Unstimmigkeiten bezüglich des Zeitpunktes und des Ausmaßes des Umweltwandels zu erklären. Dafür wurden von mir zeitliche Variationen fossiler Pollen- und Diatomeenspektren und geochemische Untersuchungen an Seesedimenten unterschiedlicher Zeitskalen (Spätquartär und die letzten 200 Jahre) aus zwei Kernregionen auf dem NO und SO Tibet-Plateau analysiert. Zur Unterstützung der Interpretation wurden die hier erhobenen Daten mit bereits vorhandenen paläoökologischen Aufzeichnungen der Lokalitäten kombiniert, um Datensätze der entsprechenden aquatischen und terrestrischen Proxy-Daten (Stellvertreterdaten) zweier Seenpaare aus den beiden Regionen gegenüberstellen zu können. Hierbei konzentrierte ich mich auf den direkten Vergleich von Proxies, die die Seenentwicklung reflektieren (z.B. Diatomeen, Ostracoden, geochemische Eigenschaften), mit Proxies, die Veränderungen der terrestrischen Umgebung des Sees beschreiben (terrestrische Pollen). Durch diesen Vergleich lässt sich beurteilen, ob Veränderungen im See selbst mit Umweltveränderungen in dem jeweiligen Einzugsgebiet zeitlich übereinstimmen. Dafür habe ich die bereits etablierte numerische Methode Procrustes-Rotation als neuen Ansatz in der Paläoökologie eingeführt. Damit ist ein quantitativer Vergleich von Rohdaten zweier beliebiger sedimentärer Datensätze möglich, um den Grad der Übereinstimmung zu prüfen. Um die in dieser Arbeit rekonstruierten Umwelt- und Klimaereignisse des nordöstlichen Tibet-Plateaus in einen größeren Zusammenhang hinsichtlich holozäner Klimaentwicklung des gesamten Plateaus setzen zu können, und um schlüssige zeitliche und räumliche Klimatrends auf dem Plateau erkennen zu können, habe ich auf alle vorhandenen Paläoklimadatensätze einen Fünf-Skalen Feuchtigkeitsindex und eine Clusteranalyse angewandt. Es konnten jedoch keine einheitlichen zeitlichen und räumlichen Trends der holozänen Klimaentwicklung nachgewiesen werden, was meiner Analyse entsprechend, auf die komplexen Reaktionen verschiedener Proxies auf Umweltveränderungen in einer ohnehin sehr heterogen Berglandschaft, zurückgeführt werden kann. Die Ergebnisse des numerischen Proxy-Vergleichs beider Seenpaare zeigen, dass die Verwendung von verschiedenen Proxies und die Arbeit mit paläo-ökologischen Datensätzen unterschiedlicher See-Typen zu abweichenden Klimaableitungen führen können. Unabhängig vom untersuchten Zeitraum (Holozän oder die letzten 200 Jahren) oder der Region (SO oder NO Tibet-Plateau), ist die Übereinstimmung zweier Datensätze hinsichtlich der Richtung, des Zeitpunktes und des Ausmaßes der abgeleiteten Paläo-Umweltverhältnisse in der Regel zwischen den entsprechenden terrestrischen Datensätzen besser als zwischen den entsprechenden lakustrinen Datensätzen. Die derzeitige Uneinigkeit über stimmige zeitliche und räumliche Klimatrends auf dem Tibet-Plateau kann daher teilweise der Komplexität der verschieden Proxies und ihrer individuellen Empfindlichkeiten gegenüber Umweltveränderungen sowie der unterschiedlichen Reaktionsweise verschiedenartiger See-Systeme auf dem Plateau zugeschrieben werden. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein „Multi-Proxy-Multi-Site-Ansatz“ für zuverlässige Paläoklimaableitungen für das Tibet-Plateau von zentraler Bedeutung ist.
KW - Tibet Plateau
KW - Holozän
KW - Pollen
KW - Diatomeen
KW - Prokrustes Analyse
KW - Tibetan Plateau
KW - Holocene
KW - Pollen
KW - Diatoms
KW - Procrustes rotation analysis
Y1 - 2011
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-52453
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Puschmann, Anne-Katrin
A1 - Lin, Chiao-I
A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1 - Sustainability of a motor control exercise intervention
BT - Analysis of long-term effects in a low back pain study
JF - Frontiers in sports and active living
N2 - Development of chronic pain after a low back pain episode is associated with increased pain sensitivity, altered pain processing mechanisms and the influence of psychosocial factors. Although there is some evidence that multimodal therapy (such as behavioral or motor control therapy) may be an important therapeutic strategy, its long-term effect on pain reduction and psychosocial load is still unclear. Prospective longitudinal designs providing information about the extent of such possible long-term effects are missing. This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of a homebased uni- and multidisciplinary motor control exercise program on low back pain intensity, disability and psychosocial variables. 14 months after completion of a multicenter study comparing uni- and multidisciplinary exercise interventions, a sample of one study center (n = 154) was assessed once more. Participants filled in questionnaires regarding their low back pain symptoms (characteristic pain intensity and related disability), stress and vital exhaustion (short version of the Maastricht Vital Exhaustion Questionnaire), anxiety and depression experiences (the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale), and pain-related cognitions (the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire). Repeated measures mixed ANCOVAs were calculated to determine the long-term effects of the interventions on characteristic pain intensity and disability as well as on the psychosocial variables. Fifty four percent of the sub-sample responded to the questionnaires (n = 84). Longitudinal analyses revealed a significant long-term effect of the exercise intervention on pain disability. The multidisciplinary group missed statistical significance yet showed a medium sized long-term effect. The groups did not differ in their changes of the psychosocial variables of interest. There was evidence of long-term effects of the interventions on pain-related disability, but there was no effect on the other variables of interest. This may be partially explained by participant's low comorbidities at baseline. Results are important regarding costless homebased alternatives for back pain patients and prevention tasks. Furthermore, this study closes the gap of missing long-term effect analysis in this field.
KW - MiSpEx
KW - low back pain
KW - long-term effects
KW - multidisciplinary intervention
KW - sustainability
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.659982
SN - 2624-9367
VL - 3
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schaefer, Laura
A1 - Dech, Silas
A1 - Aehle, Markus
A1 - Bittmann, Frank
T1 - Disgusting odours affect the characteristics of the adaptive force in contrast to neutral and pleasant odours
JF - Scientific Reports
N2 - The olfactomotor system is especially investigated by examining the sniffing in reaction to olfactory stimuli. The motor output of respiratory-independent muscles was seldomly considered regarding possible influences of smells. The Adaptive Force (AF) characterizes the capability of the neuromuscular system to adapt to external forces in a holding manner and was suggested to be more vulnerable to possible interfering stimuli due to the underlying complex control processes. The aim of this pilot study was to measure the effects of olfactory inputs on the AF of the hip and elbow flexors, respectively. The AF of 10 subjects was examined manually by experienced testers while smelling at sniffing sticks with neutral, pleasant or disgusting odours. The reaction force and the limb position were recorded by a handheld device. The results show, inter alia, a significantly lower maximal isometric AF and a significantly higher AF at the onset of oscillations by perceiving disgusting odours compared to pleasant or neutral odours (p < 0.001). The adaptive holding capacity seems to reflect the functionality of the neuromuscular control, which can be impaired by disgusting olfactory inputs. An undisturbed functioning neuromuscular system appears to be characterized by a proper length tension control and by an earlier onset of mutual oscillations during an external force increase. This highlights the strong connection of olfaction and motor control also regarding respiratory-independent muscles.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95759-0
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 11
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Asche, Hartmut
A1 - Böckmann, Christine
A1 - Laue, Steffen
A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
A1 - Lemke, Matthias
A1 - Schober, Lars
A1 - Reich, Oliver
A1 - Lück, Erika
A1 - Schütte, Marc
A1 - Domsch, Horst
A1 - Makower, Alexander
A1 - Scheller, Frieder W.
A1 - Stöcklein, Wolfgang
A1 - Wollenberger, Ursula
A1 - Schultze, Rainer
A1 - Hengstermann, Theo
A1 - Schael, Frank
T1 - Umweltforschung für das Land Brandenburg : Projekt Umweltanalytik / Umweltmeßtechnik / Informationssysteme
Y1 - 2000
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-3862
SP - 176
EP - 227
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Reich, Oliver
A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
A1 - Schael, Frank
T1 - Optical sensing with photon density waves: investigation of model media
N2 - Investigations with frequency domain photon density waves allow elucidation of absorption and scattering properties of turbid media. The temporal and spatial propagation of intensity modulated light with frequencies up to more than 1 GHz can be described by the P1 approximation to the Boltzmann transport equation. In this study, we establish requirements for the appropriate choice of turbid model media and characterize mixtures of isosulfan blue as absorber and polystyrene beads as scatterer. For these model media, the independent determination of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients over large absorber and scatterer concentration ranges is demonstrated with a frequency domain photon density wave spectrometer employing intensity and phase measurements at various modulation frequencies.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 026
Y1 - 2003
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13147
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Popp, Alexander
A1 - Blaum, Niels
A1 - Domptail, Stephanie
A1 - Herpel, Nicole
A1 - Gröngröft, Alexander
A1 - Hoffman, T. T.
A1 - Jürgens, Norbert
A1 - Milton, Sue
A1 - Nuppenau, Ernst-August
A1 - Rossmanith, Eva
A1 - Schmidt, Michael
A1 - Vogel, Melanie
A1 - Vohland, Katrin
A1 - Jeltsch, Florian
T1 - From satellite imagery to soil-plant interactions
BT - integrating disciplines and scales in process based simulation models
N2 - Decisions for the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of natural resources are typically related to large scales, i.e. the landscape level. However, understanding and predicting the effects of land use and climate change on scales relevant for decision-making requires to include both, large scale vegetation dynamics and small scale processes, such as soil-plant interactions. Integrating the results of multiple BIOTA subprojects enabled us to include necessary data of soil science, botany, socio-economics and remote sensing into a high resolution, process-based and spatially-explicit model. Using an example from a sustainably-used research farm and a communally used and degraded farming area in semiarid southern Namibia we show the power of simulation models as a tool to integrate processes across disciplines and scales.
Y1 - 2006
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7302
N1 - Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung Workshop vom 9. - 10. Februar 2006.
[Poster]
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Rossmanith, Eva
A1 - Blaum, Niels
A1 - Keil, Manfred
A1 - Langerwisch, F.
A1 - Meyer, Jork
A1 - Popp, Alexander
A1 - Schmidt, Michael
A1 - Schultz, Christoph
A1 - Schwager, Monika
A1 - Vogel, Melanie
A1 - Wasiolka, Bernd
A1 - Jeltsch, Florian
T1 - Scaling up local population dynamics to regional scales
BT - an integrated approach
N2 - In semi-arid savannas, unsustainable land use can lead to degradation of entire landscapes, e.g. in the form of shrub encroachment. This leads to habitat loss and is assumed to reduce species diversity. In BIOTA phase 1, we investigated the effects of land use on population dynamics on farm scale. In phase 2 we scale up to consider the whole regional landscape consisting of a diverse mosaic of farms with different historic and present land use intensities. This mosaic creates a heterogeneous, dynamic pattern of structural diversity at a large spatial scale. Understanding how the region-wide dynamic land use pattern affects the abundance of animal and plant species requires the integration of processes on large as well as on small spatial scales. In our multidisciplinary approach, we integrate information from remote sensing, genetic and ecological field studies as well as small scale process models in a dynamic region-wide simulation tool.
Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung Workshop vom 9. - 10. Februar 2006.
Y1 - 2006
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7320
N1 - [Poster]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dvornikov, Yury
A1 - Leibman, Marina
A1 - Heim, Birgit
A1 - Bartsch, Annett
A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1 - Skorospekhova, Tatiana
A1 - Fedorova, Irina
A1 - Khomutov, Artem
A1 - Widhalm, Barbara
A1 - Gubarkov, Anatoly
A1 - Rößler, Sebastian
T1 - Terrestrial CDOM in lakes of Yamal Peninsula
BT - Connection to lake and lake catchment properties
JF - Remote Sensing
N2 - In this study, we analyze interactions in lake and lake catchment systems of a continuous permafrost area. We assessed colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption at 440 nm (a(440)(CDOM)) and absorption slope (S300-500) in lakes using field sampling and optical remote sensing data for an area of 350 km(2) in Central Yamal, Siberia. Applying a CDOM algorithm (ratio of green and red band reflectance) for two high spatial resolution multispectral GeoEye-1 and Worldview-2 satellite images, we were able to extrapolate the a()(CDOM) data from 18 lakes sampled in the field to 356 lakes in the study area (model R-2 = 0.79). Values of a(440)(CDOM) in 356 lakes varied from 0.48 to 8.35 m(-1) with a median of 1.43 m(-1). This a()(CDOM) dataset was used to relate lake CDOM to 17 lake and lake catchment parameters derived from optical and radar remote sensing data and from digital elevation model analysis in order to establish the parameters controlling CDOM in lakes on the Yamal Peninsula. Regression tree model and boosted regression tree analysis showed that the activity of cryogenic processes (thermocirques) in the lake shores and lake water level were the two most important controls, explaining 48.4% and 28.4% of lake CDOM, respectively (R-2 = 0.61). Activation of thermocirques led to a large input of terrestrial organic matter and sediments from catchments and thawed permafrost to lakes (n = 15, mean a(440)(CDOM) = 5.3 m(-1)). Large lakes on the floodplain with a connection to Mordy-Yakha River received more CDOM (n = 7, mean a(440)(CDOM) = 3.8 m(-1)) compared to lakes located on higher terraces.
KW - CDOM
KW - lakes
KW - lake catchments
KW - permafrost
KW - Yamal
KW - remote sensing data
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020167
SN - 2072-4292
VL - 10
IS - 2
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Baier, Dieter
A1 - Soyez, Konrad
A1 - Streurs, Kerstin
A1 - Kaiser, Jürgen
A1 - Narodoslawski, Michael
A1 - Kamm, Birgit
A1 - Kromus, Stefan
A1 - Kamm, Michael
A1 - Zierke, Irene
A1 - Koller, Matthias
A1 - Hermann, Tim
A1 - Schmeer, Ernst
A1 - Thrän, Daniela
A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich
A1 - Starke, Ines
A1 - Holzberger, Anja
T1 - Umweltforschung für das Land Brandenburg
BT - Projekt Ökotechnologie / Regenerative Energien
JF - Brandenburgische Umwelt-Berichte : BUB ; Schriftenreihe der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Potsdam
N2 - BAIER, D.; SOYEZ, K.: Dekontamination von Altholz ; BAIER, D. et al.: Untersuchungen zur Kompostierbarkeit von paraffinbeschichteten Verpackungsmaterialien ; KAISER, J.; SOYEZ, K.: Zum Wasser- und Wärmehaushalt des Intensivrotteprozesses der mechanisch-biologischen Abfallbehandlung ; KAMM, B. et al.: Green Biorefinery - European Network for the Implementation of Biorefineries (NIB) ; KAMM, B. et al.: Grüne Bioraffinerie Brandenburg ; KOLLER, M.; HERMANN, T.: Entscheidungshilfen für die ökologische Optimierung der Entsorgung häuslicher Restabfälle ; SCHMEER, E.: Solarthermie 2000 ; SCHMEER, E.: Forschungs- und Demonstrationsanlage zur Photovoltaik ; SOYEZ, K. et al.: Verbundvorhaben "Mechanisch-biologische Restabfallbehandlung" ; STARKE, I. et al.: Carbohydrates as raw material from a Green BioRefinery
Y1 - 2000
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-3831
SN - 1434-2375
SN - 1611-9339
VL - 8
SP - 230
EP - 301
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Demske, Ulrike
ED - Szczepaniak, Renata
ED - Flick, Johanna
T1 - The grammaticalization of the definite article in German
BT - from demonstratives to weak definites
T2 - Walking on the Grammaticalization Path of the Definite Article in German: Functional Main and Side Roads
N2 - The present paper looks into the grammaticalization of the definite article in the history of German. Starting with the well-known emergence of the definite article from a demonstrative pronoun over the course of Old High German (750–1050), I will consider the rise of so-called weak definites in Early New High German (1350–1650) as a new piece of evidence for the grammaticalization process. Here, the subclass of possessive weak definites is of particular interest for the grammaticalization of the definite article in German, because of a word order change affecting the position of possessor phrases. As soon as the possessor systematically follows the head noun (except for proper names), we observe three alternatives for the prenominal determiner slot: it may remain empty, or it may be filled either by the indefinite or the definite article in Early New High German. In Present-Day German, the definite article is used in the unmarked case, thus pointing to a second stage in the grammaticalization process of the definite article in German, which has so far not been acknowledged in the literature.
KW - grammaticalization
KW - definite article
KW - weak definites
KW - Old High German
KW - Early New High German
KW - Present-Day German
Y1 - 2020
SN - 978-9-027204943
SN - 978-9-027261564
SP - 43
EP - 73
PB - John Benjamins Publishing Company
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ziegler, Joceline
A1 - Pfitzner, Bjarne
A1 - Schulz, Heinrich
A1 - Saalbach, Axel
A1 - Arnrich, Bert
T1 - Defending against Reconstruction Attacks through Differentially Private Federated Learning for Classification of Heterogeneous Chest X-ray Data
JF - Sensors
N2 - Privacy regulations and the physical distribution of heterogeneous data are often primary concerns for the development of deep learning models in a medical context. This paper evaluates the feasibility of differentially private federated learning for chest X-ray classification as a defense against data privacy attacks. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to directly compare the impact of differentially private training on two different neural network architectures, DenseNet121 and ResNet50. Extending the federated learning environments previously analyzed in terms of privacy, we simulated a heterogeneous and imbalanced federated setting by distributing images from the public CheXpert and Mendeley chest X-ray datasets unevenly among 36 clients. Both non-private baseline models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.940.94 on the binary classification task of detecting the presence of a medical finding. We demonstrate that both model architectures are vulnerable to privacy violation by applying image reconstruction attacks to local model updates from individual clients. The attack was particularly successful during later training stages. To mitigate the risk of a privacy breach, we integrated Rényi differential privacy with a Gaussian noise mechanism into local model training. We evaluate model performance and attack vulnerability for privacy budgets ε∈{1,3,6,10}�∈{1,3,6,10}. The DenseNet121 achieved the best utility-privacy trade-off with an AUC of 0.940.94 for ε=6�=6. Model performance deteriorated slightly for individual clients compared to the non-private baseline. The ResNet50 only reached an AUC of 0.760.76 in the same privacy setting. Its performance was inferior to that of the DenseNet121 for all considered privacy constraints, suggesting that the DenseNet121 architecture is more robust to differentially private training.
KW - federated learning
KW - privacy and security
KW - privacy attack
KW - X-ray
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145195
SN - 1424-8220
VL - 22
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 14
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Quarmby, Andrew James
A1 - Mönnig, Jamal
A1 - Mugele, Hendrik
A1 - Henschke, Jakob
A1 - Kim, MyoungHwee
A1 - Cassel, Michael
A1 - Engel, Tilman
T1 - Biomechanics and lower limb function are altered in athletes and runners with achilles tendinopathy compared with healthy controls: A systematic review
JF - Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
N2 - Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a debilitating injury in athletes, especially for those engaged in repetitive stretch-shortening cycle activities. Clinical risk factors are numerous, but it has been suggested that altered biomechanics might be associated with AT. No systematic review has been conducted investigating these biomechanical alterations in specifically athletic populations. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to compare the lower-limb biomechanics of athletes with AT to athletically matched asymptomatic controls. Databases were searched for relevant studies investigating biomechanics during gait activities and other motor tasks such as hopping, isolated strength tasks, and reflex responses. Inclusion criteria for studies were an AT diagnosis in at least one group, cross-sectional or prospective data, at least one outcome comparing biomechanical data between an AT and healthy group, and athletic populations. Studies were excluded if patients had Achilles tendon rupture/surgery, participants reported injuries other than AT, and when only within-subject data was available.. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for relevant outcomes. The initial search yielded 4,442 studies. After screening, twenty studies (775 total participants) were synthesised, reporting on a wide range of biomechanical outcomes. Females were under-represented and patients in the AT group were three years older on average. Biomechanical alterations were identified in some studies during running, hopping, jumping, strength tasks and reflex activity. Equally, several biomechanical variables studied were not associated with AT in included studies, indicating a conflicting picture. Kinematics in AT patients appeared to be altered in the lower limb, potentially indicating a pattern of “medial collapse”. Muscular activity of the calf and hips was different between groups, whereby AT patients exhibited greater calf electromyographic amplitudes despite lower plantar flexor strength. Overall, dynamic maximal strength of the plantar flexors, and isometric strength of the hips might be reduced in the AT group. This systematic review reports on several biomechanical alterations in athletes with AT. With further research, these factors could potentially form treatment targets for clinicians, although clinical approaches should take other contributing health factors into account. The studies included were of low quality, and currently no solid conclusions can be drawn.
KW - achilles tendinopathy
KW - biomechanics
KW - neuromuscular
KW - kinetics
KW - electromyography
KW - athletes
KW - runners
KW - kinematics
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.1012471
SN - 2624-9367
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
A1 - Kantor, Zoltan
A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe
A1 - Schmälzlin, Elmar
A1 - Reich, Oliver
T1 - OPQS – optische Prozess- und Qualitäts-Sensorik
N2 - Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird an Hand dreier Beispiele der Einsatz von optischer Sensorik zur Produktcharakterisierung dargestellt, nämlich Untersuchungen zum O2-Gehalt in Fruchtsäften, zur Isotopiesignatur von CO2 in Mineralwässern und zu Lichtstreueigenschaften eines Sonnenschutzmittels. Inhalt: Bestimmung von O2 mit Lumineszenzsonden Isotopenselektive Bestimmung von CO2 mit TDLAS Optische Charakterisierung stark streuender Materialien mit Photonendichtewellen
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 028
KW - Sensorik
KW - Prozesskontrolle
KW - Absorption
KW - Lumineszenz
KW - Lichtstreuung
KW - Isotopie
Y1 - 2005
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13205
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Zeuschner, Steffen Peer
T1 - Magnetoacoustics observed with ultrafast x-ray diffraction
N2 - In the present thesis I investigate the lattice dynamics of thin film hetero structures of magnetically ordered materials upon femtosecond laser excitation as a probing and manipulation scheme for the spin system. The quantitative assessment of laser induced thermal dynamics as well as generated picosecond acoustic pulses and their respective impact on the magnetization dynamics of thin films is a challenging endeavor. All the more, the development and implementation of effective experimental tools and comprehensive models are paramount to propel future academic and technological progress.
In all experiments in the scope of this cumulative dissertation, I examine the crystal lattice of nanoscale thin films upon the excitation with femtosecond laser pulses. The relative change of the lattice constant due to thermal expansion or picosecond strain pulses is directly monitored by an ultrafast X-ray diffraction (UXRD) setup with a femtosecond laser-driven plasma X-ray source (PXS). Phonons and spins alike exert stress on the lattice, which responds according to the elastic properties of the material, rendering the lattice a versatile sensor for all sorts of ultrafast interactions. On the one hand, I investigate materials with strong magneto-elastic properties; The highly magnetostrictive rare-earth compound TbFe2, elemental Dysprosium or the technological relevant Invar material FePt. On the other hand I conduct a comprehensive study on the lattice dynamics of Bi1Y2Fe5O12 (Bi:YIG), which exhibits high-frequency coherent spin dynamics upon femtosecond laser excitation according to the literature. Higher order standing spinwaves (SSWs) are triggered by coherent and incoherent motion of atoms, in other words phonons, which I quantified with UXRD. We are able to unite the experimental observations of the lattice and magnetization dynamics qualitatively and quantitatively. This is done with a combination of multi-temperature, elastic, magneto-elastic, anisotropy and micro-magnetic modeling.
The collective data from UXRD, to probe the lattice, and time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (tr-MOKE) measurements, to monitor the magnetization, were previously collected at different experimental setups. To improve the precision of the quantitative assessment of lattice and magnetization dynamics alike, our group implemented a combination of UXRD and tr-MOKE in a singular experimental setup, which is to my knowledge, the first of its kind. I helped with the conception and commissioning of this novel experimental station, which allows the simultaneous observation of lattice and magnetization dynamics on an ultrafast timescale under identical excitation conditions. Furthermore, I developed a new X-ray diffraction measurement routine which significantly reduces the measurement time of UXRD experiments by up to an order of magnitude. It is called reciprocal space slicing (RSS) and utilizes an area detector to monitor the angular motion of X-ray diffraction peaks, which is associated with lattice constant changes, without a time-consuming scan of the diffraction angles with the goniometer. RSS is particularly useful for ultrafast diffraction experiments, since measurement time at large scale facilities like synchrotrons and free electron lasers is a scarce and expensive resource. However, RSS is not limited to ultrafast experiments and can even be extended to other diffraction techniques with neutrons or electrons.
N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit untersuche ich die Gitterdynamik von magnetisch geordneten und dünnen Filmen, deren Spinsystem mit Femtosekunden-Laserpulsen angeregt und untersucht wird. Die Quantifizierung der laserinduzierten thermischen Dynamik, der erzeugten Pikosekunden-Schallpulse sowie deren jeweiliger Einfluss auf die Magnetisierungsdynamik ist ein schwieriges Unterfangen. Umso mehr ist die Entwicklung und Anwendung von effizienten experimentellen Konzepten und umfangreichen Modellen grundlegend für das Antreiben des zukünftigen wissenschaftlichen und technologischen Fortschritt.
In jedem Experiment dieser kummulativen Dissertation untersuche ich das Kristallgitter von Nanometer dünnen Filmen nach der Anregung mit Femtosekunden-Laserpulsen. Die relative Änderung der Gitterkonstante, hervorgerufen durch thermische Ausdehnung oder Pikosekunden-Schallpulse, wird dabei direkt mittels ultraschneller Röntgenbeugung (UXRD) gemessen. Der Aufbau nutzt zur Bereitstellung von ultrakurzen Röntgenpulsen eine lasergetriebene Plasma-Röntgenquelle (PXS). Phononen und Spins üben gleichermaßen einen Druck auf das Gitter aus, welches entsprechend der elastsischen Eigenschaften des Materials reagiert, was das Gitter zu einem vielseitigen Sensor für ultraschenlle Wechselwirkungen macht. Zum einen untersuche ich Materialien mit starken magnetoelastischen Eigentschaften: die stark magnetostriktive Seltenen-Erden-Verbindung TbFe2, elementares Dysprosium oder das technologisch relavante Invar-Material FePt. Zum anderen habe ich eine umfangreiche Studie der Gitterdynamik von Bi1Y2Fe5O12 (Bi:YIG) angestellt, in dem der Literatur zufolge hochfrequente kohärente Spindynamiken durch Femtosekunden-Laseranregung zu beobachten sind. Diese stehenden Spinwellen (SSWs) höherer Ordnung entstehen durch die kohärente und inkohärente Bewegung von Atomen, in anderen Worten Phononen, welche ich durch UXRD vermessen habe. Somit sind wir in der Lage, die experimentellen Beobachtungen der Gitter- und Spindynamik qualitativ und quantitativ zu vereinigen. Dies geschieht durch eine Kombination von Viel-Temperatur- und Anisotropiemodellierung sowie elastische, magnetoelastische, und mikromagnetsiche Modelle.
Die gemeinsamen Daten von UXRD und der zeitaufgelösten magnetooptischen Kerr-Effekt Messungen (tr-MOKE), um jeweils die Gitter- und Spindynamik zu messen, wurden in der Vergangenheit noch an unterschiedlichen experimentellen Aufbauten gemessen. Um die Quantifizierung präziser zu gestalten, haben wir in unserer Arbeitsgruppe UXRD und tr-MOKE in einem einzigen Aufbau kombiniert, welcher somit meines Wissens der erste seiner Art ist. Ich half bei dem Entwurf und der Inbetriebnahme des neuen Aufbaus, welcher die gleichzeitige Messung von Gitter- und Spindynamik auf einer ultraschnellen Zeitskala unter identischen Anregungsbedingungen ermöglicht. Außerdem entwickelte ich eine neue Messroutine für Röntgenbeugung, welche die Messzeit von UXRD-Experimenten um bis zu einer Größenordnungen reduziert. Es nennt sich das Schneiden des reziproken Raumes (reciprocal space slicing, RSS) und nutzt den Vorteil von Flächendetektoren die Bewegung von Beugungsreflexen zu detektieren, was von einer Änderung der Gitterkonstante einhergeht, ohne zeitintensive Scans der Beugungswinkel mit dem Goniometer durchzuführen. RSS ist besonders nützlich für ultraschnelle Beugungsexperimente, weil die Messzeit an Großgeräten wie Synchrotrons oder Freie Elektronen Laser eine seltene und teure Ressource ist. Darüber hinaus ist RSS nicht zwangsläufig auf die Anwendung in ultraschnellen Experimenten beschränkt und kann sogar auf andere Beugungsexperimente, wie die mit Neutronen und Elektronen, ausgeweitet werden.
KW - ultrafast
KW - X-ray diffraction
KW - thin films
KW - magnetoelasticity
KW - ultraschnell
KW - Röntgenbeugung
KW - dünne Filme
KW - Magnetoelastizität
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-561098
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Khalil, Samir
A1 - Kohler, Ulrich
A1 - Tjaden, Jasper Dag
T1 - Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy
JF - Frontiers in Sociology
N2 - Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers.
KW - refugees
KW - allocation policies
KW - rural
KW - language acquisition
KW - intergroup contacts
KW - language courses
KW - integration
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.841775
SN - 2297-7775
VL - 7
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria
A1 - Niederer, Daniel
A1 - Drießlein, David
A1 - Beck, Heidrun
A1 - Banzer, Winfried Eberhard
A1 - Schneider, Christian
A1 - Schiltenwolf, Marcus
A1 - Mayer, Frank
T1 - Psychosocial Moderators and Mediators of Sensorimotor Exercise in Low Back Pain: A Randomized Multicenter Controlled Trial
JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry
N2 - The effects of exercise interventions on unspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) have been investigated in many studies, but the results are inconclusive regarding exercise types, efficiency, and sustainability. This may be because the influence of psychosocial factors on exercise induced adaptation regarding CLBP is neglected. Therefore, this study assessed psychosocial characteristics, which moderate and mediate the effects of sensorimotor exercise on LBP. A single-blind 3-arm multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted for 12-weeks. Three exercise groups, sensorimotor exercise (SMT), sensorimotor and behavioral training (SMT-BT), and regular routines (CG) were randomly assigned to 662 volunteers. Primary outcomes (pain intensity and disability) and psychosocial characteristics were assessed at baseline (M1) and follow-up (3/6/12/24 weeks, M2-M5). Multiple regression models were used to analyze whether psychosocial characteristics are moderators of the relationship between exercise and pain, meaning that psychosocial factors and exercise interact. Causal mediation analysis were conducted to analyze, whether psychosocial characteristics mediate the exercise effect on pain. A total of 453 participants with intermittent pain (mean age = 39.5 ± 12.2 years, f = 62%) completed the training. It was shown, that depressive symptomatology (at M4, M5), vital exhaustion (at M4), and perceived social support (at M5) are significant moderators of the relationship between exercise and the reduction of pain intensity. Further depressive mood (at M4), social-satisfaction (at M4), and anxiety (at M5 SMT) significantly moderate the exercise effect on pain disability. The amount of moderation was of clinical relevance. In contrast, there were no psychosocial variables which mediated exercise effects on pain. In conclusion it was shown, that psychosocial variables can be moderators in the relationship between sensorimotor exercise induced adaptation on CLBP which may explain conflicting results in the past regarding the merit of exercise interventions in CLBP. Results suggest further an early identification of psychosocial risk factors by diagnostic tools, which may essential support the planning of personalized exercise therapy.
Level of Evidence: Level I.
Clinical Trial Registration: DRKS00004977, LOE: I, MiSpEx: grant-number: 080102A/11-14. https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00004977.
KW - low-back-pain
KW - motor-control-exercise
KW - multidisciplinary-therapy
KW - MiSpEx-network
KW - yellow flags
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.629474
SN - 1664-0640
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wochatz, Monique
A1 - Schraplau, Anne
A1 - Engel, Tilman
A1 - Zecher, Mahli Megan
A1 - Sharon, Hadar
A1 - Alt, Yasmin
A1 - Mayer, Frank
A1 - Kalron, Alon
T1 - Application of eccentric training in various clinical populations
BT - Protocol for a multi-centered pilot and feasibility study in people with low back pain and people with multiple sclerosis
JF - PLoS ONE
N2 - Physical activity and exercise are effective approaches in prevention and therapy of multiple diseases. Although the specific characteristics of lengthening contractions have the potential to be beneficial in many clinical conditions, eccentric training is not commonly used in clinical populations with metabolic, orthopaedic, or neurologic conditions. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility, functional benefits, and systemic responses of an eccentric exercise program focused on the trunk and lower extremities in people with low back pain (LBP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A six-week eccentric training program with three weekly sessions is performed by people with LBP and MS. The program consists of ten exercises addressing strength of the trunk and lower extremities. The study follows a four-group design (N = 12 per group) in two study centers (Israel and Germany): three groups perform the eccentric training program: A) control group (healthy, asymptomatic); B) people with LBP; C) people with MS; group D (people with MS) receives standard care physiotherapy. Baseline measurements are conducted before first training, post-measurement takes place after the last session both comprise blood sampling, self-reported questionnaires, mobility, balance, and strength testing. The feasibility of the eccentric training program will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures related to the study process, compliance and adherence, safety, and overall program assessment. For preliminary assessment of potential intervention effects, surrogate parameters related to mobility, postural control, muscle strength and systemic effects are assessed. The presented study will add knowledge regarding safety, feasibility, and initial effects of eccentric training in people with orthopaedic and neurological conditions. The simple exercises, that are easily modifiable in complexity and intensity, are likely beneficial to other populations. Thus, multiple applications and implementation pathways for the herein presented training program are conceivable.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270875
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 17
IS - 12
PB - Public Library of Science
CY - San Francisco, California, USA
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Dimigen, Olaf
A1 - Valsecchi, Matteo
A1 - Sommer, Werner
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Human Microsaccade-Related Visual Brain Responses
N2 - Microsaccades are very small, involuntary flicks in eye position that occur on average once or twice per second during attempted visual fixation. Microsaccades give rise to EMG eye muscle spikes that can distort the spectrum of the scalp EEG and mimic increases in gamma band power. Here we demonstrate that microsaccades are also accompanied by genuine and sizeable cortical activity, manifested in the EEG. In three experiments, high-resolution eye movements were corecorded with the EEG: during sustained fixation of checkerboard and face stimuli and in a standard visual oddball task that required the counting of target stimuli. Results show that microsaccades as small as 0.15° generate a field potential over occipital cortex and midcentral scalp sites 100 –140 ms after movement onset, which resembles the visual lambda response evoked by larger voluntary saccades. This challenges the standard assumption of human brain imaging studies that saccade-related brain activity is precluded by fixation, even when fully complied with. Instead, additional cortical potentials from microsaccades were present in 86% of the oddball task trials and of similar amplitude as the visual response to stimulus onset. Furthermore, microsaccade probability varied systematically according to the proportion of target stimuli in the oddball task, causing modulations of late stimulus-locked event-related potential (ERP) components. Microsaccades present an unrecognized source of visual brain signal that is of interest for vision research and may have influenced the data of many ERP and neuroimaging studies.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 240
Y1 - 2009
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56923
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Warschburger, Petra
A1 - Petersen, Ann-Christin
A1 - von Rezori, Roman Enzio
A1 - Buchallik, Friederike
A1 - Baumeister, Harald
A1 - Holl, Reinhard
A1 - Minden, Kirsten
A1 - Müller-Stierlin, Annabel Sandra
A1 - Reinauer, Christina
A1 - Staab, Doris
A1 - COACH consortium,
T1 - A prospective investigation of developmental trajectories of psychosocial adjustment in adolescents facing a chronic condition - study protocol of an observational, multi-center study
JF - BMC Pediatrics
N2 - Background
Relatively little is known about protective factors and the emergence and maintenance of positive outcomes in the field of adolescents with chronic conditions. Therefore, the primary aim of the study is to acquire a deeper understanding of the dynamic process of resilience factors, coping strategies and psychosocial adjustment of adolescents living with chronic conditions.
Methods/design
We plan to consecutively recruit N = 450 adolescents (12–21 years) from three German patient registries for chronic conditions (type 1 diabetes, cystic fibrosis, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis). Based on screening for anxiety and depression, adolescents are assigned to two parallel groups – “inconspicuous” (PHQ-9 and GAD-7 < 7) vs. “conspicuous” (PHQ-9 or GAD-7 ≥ 7) – participating in a prospective online survey at baseline and 12-month follow-up. At two time points (T1, T2), we assess (1) intra- and interpersonal resiliency factors, (2) coping strategies, and (3) health-related quality of life, well-being, satisfaction with life, anxiety and depression. Using a cross-lagged panel design, we will examine the bidirectional longitudinal relations between resiliency factors and coping strategies, psychological adaptation, and psychosocial adjustment. To monitor Covid-19 pandemic effects, participants are also invited to take part in an intermediate online survey.
Discussion
The study will provide a deeper understanding of adaptive, potentially modifiable processes and will therefore help to develop novel, tailored interventions supporting a positive adaptation in youths with a chronic condition. These strategies should not only support those at risk but also promote the maintenance of a successful adaptation.
Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), no. DRKS00025125. Registered on May 17, 2021.
KW - Chronic conditions
KW - Adolescents
KW - Prospective
KW - Quality of life
KW - Resiliency
KW - Coping
KW - Protective factors
KW - Type 1 diabetes
KW - Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
KW - Cystic fibrosis
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02869-9
SN - 1471-2431
VL - 21
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - BMC pediatrics
CY - London
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Masson, Michael E. J.
A1 - Richter, Eike M.
T1 - A linear mixed model analysis of masked repetition priming
N2 - We examined individual differences in masked repetition priming by re-analyzing item-level response-time (RT) data from three experiments. Using a linear mixed model (LMM) with subjects and items specified as crossed random factors, the originally reported priming and word-frequency effects were recovered. In the same LMM, we estimated parameters describing the distributions of these effects across subjects. Subjects’ frequency and priming effects correlated positively with each other and negatively with mean RT. These correlation estimates, however, emerged only with a reciprocal transformation of RT (i.e., -1/RT), justified on the basis of distributional analyses. Different correlations, some with opposite sign, were obtained (1) for untransformed or logarithmic RTs or (2) when correlations were computed using within-subject analyses. We discuss the relevance of the new results for accounts of masked priming, implications of applying RT transformations, and the use of LMMs as a tool for the joint analysis of experimental effects and associated individual differences.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 247
Y1 - 2009
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57073
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Bates, Douglas
T1 - International Collaboration in Psychology is on the Rise
N2 - There has been a substantial increase in the percentage for publications with co-authors located in departments from different countries in 12 major journals of psychology. The results are evidence for a remarkable internationalization of psychological research, starting in the mid 1970s and increasing in rate at the beginning of the 1990s. This growth occurs against a constant number of articles with authors from the same country; it is not due to a concomitant increase in the number of co-authors per article. Thus, international collaboration in psychology is obviously on the rise.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 244
Y1 - 2011
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57045
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Fiedler, Klaus
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Lindenberger, Ulman
A1 - Mausfeld, Rainer
A1 - Mummendey, Amélie
A1 - Prinz, Wolfgang
T1 - Psychologie im 21. Jahrhundert: Führende deutsche Psychologen über Lage und Zukunft ihres Fachs und die Rolle der psychologischen Grundlagenforschung
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 245
Y1 - 2005
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57051
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Meinke, Anja
T1 - Nikotineffekte auf räumliche Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse bei Nichtrauchern
T1 - Effects of nicotine on visual attention in non-smokers
N2 - Nikotin in den unterschiedlichsten Darreichungsformen verringert bei verschiedenen Spezies im räumlichen Hinweisreizparadigma die Kosten invalider Hinweisreize. Welcher Teilprozess genau durch Nikotin beeinflusst wird, ist bislang nicht untersucht worden. Die gängige Interpretation ist, daß Nikotin das Loslösen von Aufmerksamkeit von einem bisher beachteten Ort erleichtert. In fünf Studien, drei elektrophysiologischen und zwei behavioralen wurden drei mögliche Mechanismen der Nikotinwirkung an Nichtrauchern untersucht. Experiment 1 und 2 gingen der Frage nach, ob Nikotin eine Modulation sensorischer gain Kontrolle bewirkt. Dazu wurden ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale (EKP) im Posner-Paradigma erhoben und die Wirkung von Nikotin auf die aufmerksamkeitsassoziierten Komponenten P1 und N1 betrachtet. Nikotin verringerte die Kosten invalider Hinweisreize bei Aufmerksamkeitslenkung durch endogene Hinweisreize, nicht aber bei exogenen Hinweisreizen. Die P1 und N1 Komponenten zeigten sich unbeeinflusst von Nikotin, damit findet also die Annahme einer Wirkung auf sensorische Suppression keine Unterstützung. In Experiment 3 und 4 wurde untersucht, ob Nikotin einen Effekt auf kostenträchtige unwillkürliche Aufmerksamkeitsverschiebungen, Distraktionen, hat. In Experiment 3 wurden in einem räumlichen Daueraufmerksamkeitsparadigma Distraktionen durch deviante Stimulusmerkmale ausgelöst und die Wirkung von Nikotin auf eine distraktionsassoziierte Komponente des EKP, die P3a, betrachtet. In Experiment 4 wurde in einem Hinweisreizparadigma durch zusätzliche Stimuli eine Distraktion ausgelöst und die Nikotinwirkung auf die Reaktionszeitkosten untersucht. Nikotin zeigte keinen Einfluss auf Distraktionskosten in beiden Studien und auch keine Wirkung auf die P3a Komponente in Experiment 3. In Experiment 4 wurde zusätzlich die Wirkung von Nikotin auf das Loslösen von Aufmerksamkeit untersucht, indem die Schwierigkeit des Loslösens variiert wurde. Auch hier zeigte sich keine Nikotinwirkung. Allerdings konnte in beiden Studien weder die häufig berichtete generelle Reaktionszeitverkürzung noch die Verringerung der Kosten invalider Hinweisreize repliziert werden, so dass zum Einen keine Aussage über die Wirkung von Nikotin auf Distraktionen oder den Aufmerksamkeitsloslöseprozess gemacht werden können, zum Anderen sich die Frage stellte, unter welchen Bedingungen Nikotin einen differentiellen Effekt überhaupt zeigt. Im letzten Experiment wurde hierzu die Häufigkeit der Reaktionsanforderung einerseits und die zeitlichen Aspekte der Aufmerksamkeitslenkung andererseits variiert und der Effekt des Nikotins auf den Validitätseffekt, die Reaktionszeitdifferenz zwischen valide und invalide vorhergesagten Zielreizen, betrachtet. Nikotin verringerte bei Individuen, bei denen Aufmerksamkeitslenkung in allen Bedingungen evident war, in der Tendenz den Validitätseffekt in der ereignisärmsten Bedingung, wenn nur selten willentliche Aufmerksamkeitsausrichtung notwendig war. Dies könnte als Hinweis gedeutet werden, dass Nikotin unter Bedingungen, die große Anforderungen an die Vigilanz stellen, die top-down Zuweisung von Aufmerksamkeitsressourcen unterstützt.
N2 - Nicotine has consistently been shown to improve performance on a range of attentional tasks. In spatial cueing (Posner-type) paradigms, where a cue indicates the likely location of a subsequent target stimulus, nicotine influences the ability to react to invalidly cued targets across different species and ways of administration. Previous research suggested that the cholinergic effect is due to a facilitated disengagemant of attention from the cued location. In five studies with nonsmoking subjects, three candidate mechanisms of nicotinic action were examined. Experiment 1 and experiment 2 investigated whether nicotine modulates attentional processes of sensory gain control. In a Posner-paradigm event-related potentials (ERP) were measured and the effect of nicotine on the attention-related components P1 and N1 was assessed. Behaviorally, nicotine reduced the costs of invalid cueing when cues were endogenous, but not with exogenous cues. Electrophysiologically, the P1 and N1 components were not affected by nicotine. These data provide therefore no support for the notion of a nicotine-modulated attentional suppression. In experiment 3 and 4 the effect of nicotine on involuntary distracting attention shifts was investigated. In experiment 3 ERPs were measured in a spatial sustained attention paradigm, where rare changes in a target stimulus attribute were used as distractors. The effect of nicotine on the distraction-associated P3a component was assessed. In experiment 4 the effect of nicotine on the reaction time costs of additional distracting stimuli was studied in a Posner paradigm. In both studies nicotine did not show an effect on distractions, neither in the reaction time costs nor in the parameters of the P3a component. Experiment 4 also investigated whether nicotine has an effect on the disengagement of attention by varying the difficulty of disengaging one's focus from the cued location. Again, nicotine did not show an effect. However, experiment 3 and 4 also neither replicated the commonly reported general nicotinic reduction of reaction times nor the differential reduction of the costs of invalid cueing. Therefore, regarding the effect of nicotine on distraction and on the disengagement of attention the data remain inconclusive. However, these data suggest that there are conditions and mechanisms moderating nicotinic action, that are still unknown. Accordingly, experiment 5 made the attempt to determine such conditions. Response frequency and temporal characteristics of attention orientation were varied. In individuals, who evidently had shifted their attention, nicotine reduced the validity effect under uneventful conditions, when attention was not to be shifted in each trial. This might suggest that nicotine facilitates the top-down allocation of attentional resources in vigilance-demanding situations.
KW - Nicotin
KW - Aufmerksamkeit
KW - Kognition
KW - Acetylcholin
KW - Ereigniskorreliertes Potenzial
KW - attention
KW - nicotine
KW - actylcholine
KW - cognition
KW - event-related potentials
Y1 - 2006
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7659
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmidt, Lena Katharina
A1 - Francke, Till
A1 - Rottler, Erwin
A1 - Blume, Theresa
A1 - Schöber, Johannes
A1 - Bronstert, Axel
T1 - Suspended sediment and discharge dynamics in a glaciated alpine environment
BT - identifying crucial areas and time periods on several spatial and temporal scales in the Ötztal, Austria
JF - Earth surface dynamics
N2 - Glaciated high-alpine areas are fundamentally altered by climate change, with well-known implications for hydrology, e.g., due to glacier retreat, longer snow-free periods, and more frequent and intense summer rainstorms. While knowledge on how these hydrological changes will propagate to suspended sediment dynamics is still scarce, it is needed to inform mitigation and adaptation strategies. To understand the processes and source areas most relevant to sediment dynamics, we analyzed discharge and sediment dynamics in high temporal resolution as well as their patterns on several spatial scales, which to date few studies have done.
We used a nested catchment setup in the Upper Ötztal in Tyrol, Austria, where high-resolution (15 min) time series of discharge and suspended sediment concentrations are available for up to 15 years (2006–2020). The catchments of the gauges in Vent, Sölden and Tumpen range from 100 to almost 800 km2 with 10 % to 30 % glacier cover and span an elevation range of 930 to 3772 m a.s.l. We analyzed discharge and suspended sediment yields (SSY), their distribution in space, their seasonality and spatial differences therein, and the relative importance of short-term events. We complemented our analysis by linking the observations to satellite-based snow cover maps, glacier inventories, mass balances and precipitation data.
Our results indicate that the areas above 2500 m a.s.l., characterized by glacier tongues and the most recently deglaciated areas, are crucial for sediment generation in all sub-catchments. This notion is supported by the synchronous spring onset of sediment export at the three gauges, which coincides with snowmelt above 2500 m but lags behind spring discharge onsets. This points at a limitation of suspended sediment supply as long as the areas above 2500 m are snow-covered. The positive correlation of annual SSY with glacier cover (among catchments) and glacier mass balances (within a catchment) further supports the importance of the glacier-dominated areas. The analysis of short-term events showed that summer precipitation events were associated with peak sediment concentrations and yields but on average accounted for only 21 % of the annual SSY in the headwaters. These results indicate that under current conditions, thermally induced sediment export (through snow and glacier melt) is dominant in the study area.
Our results extend the scientific knowledge on current hydro-sedimentological conditions in glaciated high-alpine areas and provide a baseline for studies on projected future changes in hydro-sedimentological system dynamics.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-653-2022
SN - 2196-632X
SN - 2196-6311
VL - 10
IS - 3
SP - 653
EP - 669
PB - Copernicus Publications
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hecker, Pascal
A1 - Steckhan, Nico
A1 - Eyben, Florian
A1 - Schuller, Björn Wolfgang
A1 - Arnrich, Bert
T1 - Voice Analysis for Neurological Disorder Recognition – A Systematic Review and Perspective on Emerging Trends
JF - Frontiers in Digital Health
N2 - Quantifying neurological disorders from voice is a rapidly growing field of research and holds promise for unobtrusive and large-scale disorder monitoring. The data recording setup and data analysis pipelines are both crucial aspects to effectively obtain relevant information from participants. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to provide a high-level overview of practices across various neurological disorders and highlight emerging trends. PRISMA-based literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore to identify publications in which original (i.e., newly recorded) datasets were collected. Disorders of interest were psychiatric as well as neurodegenerative disorders, such as bipolar disorder, depression, and stress, as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease, and speech impairments (aphasia, dysarthria, and dysphonia). Of the 43 retrieved studies, Parkinson's disease is represented most prominently with 19 discovered datasets. Free speech and read speech tasks are most commonly used across disorders. Besides popular feature extraction toolkits, many studies utilise custom-built feature sets. Correlations of acoustic features with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are presented. In terms of analysis, statistical analysis for significance of individual features is commonly used, as well as predictive modeling approaches, especially with support vector machines and a small number of artificial neural networks. An emerging trend and recommendation for future studies is to collect data in everyday life to facilitate longitudinal data collection and to capture the behavior of participants more naturally. Another emerging trend is to record additional modalities to voice, which can potentially increase analytical performance.
KW - neurological disorders
KW - voice
KW - speech
KW - everyday life
KW - multiple modalities
KW - machine learning
KW - disorder recognition
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.842301
SN - 2673-253X
PB - Frontiers Media SA
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Göldel, Julia Marlen
A1 - Kamrath, Clemens
A1 - Minden, Kirsten
A1 - Wiegand, Susanna
A1 - Lanzinger, Stefanie
A1 - Sengler, Claudia
A1 - Weihrauch-Blüher, Susann
A1 - Holl, Reinhard
A1 - Tittel, Sascha René
A1 - Warschburger, Petra
T1 - Access to Healthcare for Children and Adolescents with a Chronic Health Condition during the COVID-19 Pandemic: First Results from the KICK-COVID Study in Germany
JF - Children
N2 - This study examines the access to healthcare for children and adolescents with three common chronic diseases (type-1 diabetes (T1D), obesity, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)) within the 4th (Delta), 5th (Omicron), and beginning of the 6th (Omicron) wave (June 2021 until July 2022) of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany in a cross-sectional study using three national patient registries. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire was given to parents of pediatric patients (<21 years) during the routine check-ups. The questionnaire contains self-constructed items assessing the frequency of healthcare appointments and cancellations, remote healthcare, and satisfaction with healthcare. In total, 905 parents participated in the T1D-sample, 175 in the obesity-sample, and 786 in the JIA-sample. In general, satisfaction with healthcare (scale: 0–10; 10 reflecting the highest satisfaction) was quite high (median values: T1D 10, JIA 10, obesity 8.5). The proportion of children and adolescents with canceled appointments was relatively small (T1D 14.1%, JIA 11.1%, obesity 20%), with a median of 1 missed appointment, respectively. Only a few parents (T1D 8.6%; obesity 13.1%; JIA 5%) reported obstacles regarding health services during the pandemic. To conclude, it seems that access to healthcare was largely preserved for children and adolescents with chronic health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.
KW - chronic health condition
KW - children and adolescents
KW - health care
KW - COVID-19 pandemic
KW - diabetes
KW - rheumatic diseases
KW - obesity
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010010
SN - 2227-9067
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 1
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Rheinberg, Falko
A1 - Manig, Yvette
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Engeser, Stefan
A1 - Vollmeyer, Regina
T1 - Flow bei der Arbeit, doch Glück in der Freizeit : Zielausrichtung, Flow und Glücksgefühle
N2 - Bei N = 101 Arbeitnehmern verschiedener Berufe wurden mit der Experience Sampling Method (ESM) eine Woche lang Daten zum Flow-Erleben, zu Glück/Zufriedenheit und zur Zielausrichtung laufender Aktivitäten erhoben (N = 4603 Messungen). Die Daten wurden mit GLMM-Analysen ausgewertet. Auch bei der jetzt vollständigen Erfassung aller Flow-Komponenten mit der FKS bestätigte sich das „Paradoxon der Arbeit“, wonach während der Arbeit höhere Flow-Werte, aber niedrigere Werte für Glück/Zufriedenheit auftreten als jeweils in der Freizeit. Während der Arbeit waren Aktivitäten häufiger auf die Erreichung von Zielen ausgerichtet als während der Freizeit. Die Zielausrichtung wirkte auf Flow vs. Glück/Zufriedenheit signifikant verschieden. Während der Arbeit hat die Zielausrichtung auf Flow einen stark positiven Effekt, auf Glück/Zufriedenheit jedoch nicht. Im Freizeitbereich war der Effekt von Zielausrichtung auf Glück/Zufriedenheit sogar negativ. Das „Paradoxon der Arbeit“ lässt sich partiell als Effekt der Zielausrichtung verstehen.
N2 - For a week, data of N =101 employees with different professions was collected with the Experience Sampling Method (N = 4603 measurements). These data included flow-experience, happiness/satisfaction and goal adjustment of current activities. The data were analysed with GLMM. Flow-experience was measured with all components (FKS) and they confirmed the "paradox of work" (i.e., flow-scores are higher during work but scores for happiness/satisfaction are higher during spare time). During work, participants activities were more often directed towards reaching a goal. The effects of goal adjustment on flow vs. happiness/satisfaction differed significantly. During work goal adjustment had a strong positive effect on flow, but not on happiness/satisfaction. During leisure time goal adjustment had even a negative effect on happiness/satisfaction but a positive on flow. The "paradox of work" could be partially attributed to the stronger goal adjustment during work.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 036
KW - Flow-Erleben
KW - Ziele
KW - Glück/Zufriedenheit
KW - Arbeit
KW - Freizeit
KW - Flow-experience
KW - goals
KW - happiness/satisfaction
KW - work
KW - leisure time
Y1 - 2008
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19740
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Werner, John S.
A1 - Donnelly, Seaneen K.
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Aging and human macular pigment density : appended with translations from the work of Max Schultze and Ewald Hering
N2 - The optical density of human macular pigment was measured for 50 observers ranging in age from 10 to 90 years. The psychophysical method required adjusting the radiance of a 1°, monochromatic light (400–550 nm) to minimize flicker (15 Hz) when presented in counterphase with a 460 nm standard. This test stimulus was presented superimposed on a broad-band, short-wave background. Macular pigment density was determined by comparing sensitivity under these conditions for the fovea, where macular pigment is maximal, and 5° temporally. This difference spectrum, measured for 12 observers, matched Wyszecki and Stiles's standard density spectrum for macular pigment. To study variation in macular pigment density for a larger group of observers, measurements were made at only selected spectral points (460, 500 and 550 nm). The mean optical density at 460 nm for the complete sample of 50 subjects was 0.39. Substantial individual differences in density were found (ca. 0.10–0.80), but this variation was not systematically related to age.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 037
KW - Macular pigment
KW - Color vision Aging
Y1 - 1987
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16836
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Olsen, Richard K.
A1 - Davidson, Brian J.
T1 - Regression analyses as a tool for studying reading processes : comment on Just and Carpenter's eye fixation theory
N2 - Just and Carpenter (1980) presented a theory of reading based on eye fixations wherein their "psycholinguistic" variables accounted for 72% of the variance in word gaze durations. This comment raises some statistical and theoretical problems with their use of simultaneous regression analysis of gaze duration measures and with the resulting theory of reading. A major problem was the confounding of perceptual with psycholinguistic factors. New eye fixation data are presented to support these criticisms. Analysis of fixations within words revealed that most gaze duration variance was contributed by number of fixations rather than by fixation duration.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 042
Y1 - 1982
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16857
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Olson, Richard K.
A1 - Davidson, Brian J.
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Davies, Susan E.
T1 - Development of phonetic memory in disabled and normal readers
N2 - The development of phonetic codes in memory of 141 pairs of normal and disabled readers from 7.8 to 16.8 years of age was tested with a task adapted from L. S. Mark, D. Shankweiler, I. Y. Liberman, and C. A. Fowler (Memory & Cognition, 1977, 5, 623–629) that measured false-positive errors in recognition memory for foil words which rhymed with words in the memory list versus foil words that did not rhyme. Our younger subjects replicated Mark et al., showing a larger difference between rhyming and nonrhyming false-positive errors for the normal readers. The older disabled readers' phonetic effect was comparable to that of the younger normal readers, suggesting a developmental lag in their use of phonetic coding in memory. Surprisingly, the normal readers' phonetic effect declined with age in the recognition task, but they maintained a significant advantage across age in the auditory WISC-R digit span recall test, and a test of phonological nonword decoding. The normals' decline with age in rhyming confusion may be due to an increase in the precision of their phonetic codes.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 039
Y1 - 1984
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16888
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - MacWhinney, Brian
A1 - Bates, Elizabeth
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Cue validity and sentence interpretation in English, German, and Italian
N2 - Linguistic and psycholinguistic accounts based on the study of English may prove unreliable as guides to sentence processing in even closely related languages. The present study illustrates this claim in a test of sentence interpretation by German-, Italian-, and English-speaking adults. Subjects were presented with simple transitive sentences in which contrasts of (1) word order, (2) agreement, (3) animacy, and (4) stress were systematically varied. For each sentence, subjects were asked to state which of the two nouns was the actor. The results indicated that Americans relied overwhelming on word order, using a first-noun strategy in NVN and a second-noun strategy in VNN and NNV sentences. Germans relied on both agreement and animacy. Italians showed extreme reliance on agreement cues. In both German and Italian, stress played a role in terms of complex interactions with word order and agreement. The findings were interpreted in terms of the “competition model” of Bates and MacWhinney (in H. Winitz (Ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Conference on Native and Foreign Language Acquisition. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1982) in which cue validity is considered to be the primary determinant of cue strength. According to this model, cues are said to be high in validity when they are also high in applicability and reliability.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 038
Y1 - 1984
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16847
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi
A1 - Granacher, Urs
A1 - Golle, Kathleen
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts
JF - Scientific Reports
N2 - Children’s physical fitness development and related moderating effects of age and sex are well documented, especially boys’ and girls’ divergence during puberty. The situation might be different during prepuberty. As girls mature approximately two years earlier than boys, we tested a possible convergence of performance with five tests representing four components of physical fitness in a large sample of 108,295 eight-year old third-graders. Within this single prepubertal year of life and irrespective of the test, performance increased linearly with chronological age, and boys outperformed girls to a larger extent in tests requiring muscle mass for successful performance. Tests differed in the magnitude of age effects (gains), but there was no evidence for an interaction between age and sex. Moreover, “physical fitness” of schools correlated at r = 0.48 with their age effect which might imply that "fit schools” promote larger gains; expected secular trends from 2011 to 2019 were replicated.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97000-4
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 11
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Nature Portfolio
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stiegler, Jonas
A1 - Lins, Alisa
A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie
A1 - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
A1 - Ortmann, Sylvia
A1 - Blaum, Niels
T1 - Personality drives activity and space use in a mammalian herbivore
JF - Movement Ecology
N2 - Background
Animal personality has emerged as a key concept in behavioral ecology. While many studies have demonstrated the influence of personality traits on behavioral patterns, its quantification, especially in wild animal populations, remains a challenge. Only a few studies have established a link between personality and recurring movements within home ranges, although these small-scale movements are of key importance for identifying ecological interactions and forming individual niches. In this regard, differences in space use among individuals might reflect different exploration styles between behavioral types along the shy-bold continuum.
Methods
We assessed among-individual differences in behavior in the European hare (Lepus europaeus), a characteristic mammalian herbivore in agricultural landscapes using a standardized box emergence test for captive and wild hares. We determined an individuals’ degree of boldness by measuring the latencies of behavioral responses in repeated emergence tests in captivity. During capture events of wild hares, we conducted a single emergence test and recorded behavioral responses proven to be stable over time in captive hares. Applying repeated novel environment tests in a near-natural enclosure, we further quantified aspects of exploration and activity in captive hares. Finally, we investigated whether and how this among-individual behavioral variation is related to general activity and space use in a wild hare population. Wild and captive hares were treated similarly and GPS-collared with internal accelerometers prior to release to the wild or the outdoor enclosure, respectively. General activity was quantified as overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) obtained from accelerometers. Finally, we tested whether boldness explained variation in (i) ODBA in both settings and (ii) variation in home ranges and core areas across different time scales of GPS-collared hares in a wild population.
Results
We found three behavioral responses to be consistent over time in captive hares. ODBA was positively related to boldness (i.e., short latencies to make first contact with the new environment) in both captive and wild hares. Space use in wild hares also varied with boldness, with shy individuals having smaller core areas and larger home ranges than bold conspecifics (yet in some of the parameter space, this association was just marginally significant).
Conclusions
Against our prediction, shy individuals occupied relatively large home ranges but with small core areas. We suggest that this space use pattern is due to them avoiding risky, and energy-demanding competition for valuable resources. Carefully validated, activity measurements (ODBA) from accelerometers provide a valuable tool to quantify aspects of animal personality along the shy-bold continuum remotely. Without directly observing—and possibly disturbing—focal individuals, this approach allows measuring variability in animal personality, especially in species that are difficult to assess with experiments. Considering that accelerometers are often already built into GPS units, we recommend activating them at least during the initial days of tracking to estimate individual variation in general activity and, if possible, match them with a simple novelty experiment. Furthermore, information on individual behavioral types will help to facilitate mechanistic understanding of processes that drive spatial and ecological dynamics in heterogeneous landscapes.
KW - Animal personality
KW - Movement ecology
KW - Inter-individual differences
KW - ODBA
KW - Energy expenditure
KW - European hare
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-022-00333-6
SN - 2051-3933
VL - 10
PB - BioMed Central (BMC), Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Risch, Lucie
A1 - Stoll, Josefine
A1 - Schomöller, Anne
A1 - Engel, Tilman
A1 - Mayer, Frank
A1 - Cassel, Michael
T1 - Intraindividual Doppler Flow Response to Exercise Differs Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Achilles Tendons
JF - Frontiers in physiology
N2 - Objective: This study investigated intraindividual differences of intratendinous blood flow (IBF) in response to running exercise in participants with Achilles tendinopathy.
Design: This is a cross-sectional study.
Setting: The study was conducted at the University Outpatient Clinic.
Participants: Sonographic detectable intratendinous blood flow was examined in symptomatic and contralateral asymptomatic Achilles tendons of 19 participants (42 ± 13 years, 178 ± 10 cm, 76 ± 12 kg, VISA-A 75 ± 16) with clinically diagnosed unilateral Achilles tendinopathy and sonographic evident tendinosis.
Intervention: IBF was assessed using Doppler ultrasound “Advanced Dynamic Flow” before (Upre) and 5, 30, 60, and 120 min (U5–U120) after a standardized submaximal constant load run.
Main Outcome Measure: IBF was quantified by counting the number (n) of vessels in each tendon.
Results: At Upre, IBF was higher in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic tendons [mean 6.3 (95% CI: 2.8–9.9) and 1.7 (0.4–2.9), p < 0.01]. Overall, 63% of symptomatic and 47% of asymptomatic Achilles tendons responded to exercise, whereas 16 and 11% showed persisting IBF and 21 and 42% remained avascular throughout the investigation. At U5, IBF increased in both symptomatic and asymptomatic tendons [difference to baseline: 2.4 (0.3–4.5) and 0.9 (0.5–1.4), p = 0.05]. At U30 to U120, IBF was still increased in symptomatic but not in asymptomatic tendons [mean difference to baseline: 1.9 (0.8–2.9) and 0.1 (-0.9 to 1.2), p < 0.01].
Conclusion: Irrespective of pathology, 47–63% of Achilles tendons responded to exercise with an immediate acute physiological IBF increase by an average of one to two vessels (“responders”). A higher amount of baseline IBF (approximately five vessels) and a prolonged exercise-induced IBF response found in symptomatic ATs indicate a pain-associated altered intratendinous “neovascularization.”
KW - achilles tendinopathy
KW - tendinosis
KW - neovascularization
KW - ultrasound
KW - advanced dynamic flow
KW - sonography
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.617497
SN - 1664-042X
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Valsecchi, Matteo
A1 - Dimigen, Olaf
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Sommer, Werner
A1 - Turatto, Massimo
T1 - Microsaccadic Inhibition and P300 Enhancement in a Visual Oddball Task
N2 - It has recently been demonstrated that the presentation of a rare target in a visual oddball paradigm induces a prolonged inhibition of microsaccades. In the field of electrophysiology, the amplitude of the P300 component in event-related potentials (ERP) has been shown to be sensitive to the stimulus category (target vs. non target) of the eliciting stimulus, its overall probability, and the preceding stimulus sequence. In the present study we further specify the functional underpinnings of the prolonged microsaccadic inhibition in the visual oddball task, showing that the stimulus category, the frequency of a stimulus and the preceding stimulus sequence influence microsaccade rate. Furthermore, by co-recording ERPs and eye-movements, we were able to demonstrate that, despite being largely sensitive to the same experimental manipulation, the amplitude of P300 and the microsaccadic inhibition predict each other very weakly, and thus constitute two independent measures of the brain’s response to rare targets in the visual oddball paradigm.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 256
KW - Visual Oddball Paradigm
KW - Microsaccades
KW - Microsaccadic Inhibition
KW - ERPs
KW - P300Psychophysiology
KW - 46 (3) 2009
KW - S. 635-644
Y1 - 2009
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57170
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Boston, Marisa Ferrara
A1 - Hale, John
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Patil, Umesh
A1 - Vasishth, Shravan
T1 - Parsing costs as predictors of reading difficulty: An evaluation using the Potsdam Sentence Corpus
N2 - The surprisal of a word on a probabilistic grammar constitutes a promising complexity metric for human sentence comprehension difficulty. Using two different grammar types, surprisal is shown to have an effect on fixation durations and regression probabilities in a sample of German readers’ eye movements, the Potsdam Sentence Corpus. A linear mixed-effects model was used to quantify the effect of surprisal while taking into account unigram and bigram frequency, word length, and empirically-derived word predictability; the so-called “early” and “late” measures of processing difficulty both showed an effect of surprisal. Surprisal is also shown to have a small but statistically non-significant effect on empirically-derived predictability itself. This work thus demonstrates the importance of including parsing costs as a predictor of comprehension difficulty in models of reading, and suggests that a simple identification of syntactic parsing costs with early measures and late measures with durations of post-syntactic events may be difficult to uphold.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 253
Y1 - 2008
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57139
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Ming, Yan
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Shu, Hua
A1 - Pan, Jinger
A1 - Zhou, Xiaolin
T1 - Parafoveal Load of Word N+1 Modulates Preprocessing Effectivenessof Word N+2 in Chinese Reading
N2 - Preview benefits (PBs) from two words to the right of the fixated one (i.e., word N+2)and associated parafoveal-on-foveal effects are critical for proposals of distributed lexical processing during reading. This experiment examined parafoveal processing during reading of Chinese sentences, using a boundary manipulation of N+2-word preview with low- and high-frequency words N+1. The main findings were (a) an identity PB for word N+2 that was (b) primarily observed when word N+1 was of high frequency (i.e., an interaction between frequency of word N+1 and PB for word N+2), and (c) a parafoveal-on-foveal frequency effect of word N+1 for fixation durations on word N. We discuss implications for theories of serial attention shifts and parallel distributed processing of words during reading.
T2 - Ming Yan; Reinhold Kliegl; Hua Shu; Jinger Pan; Xiaolin Zhou
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 250
Y1 - 2010
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57103
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Angele, Bernhard
A1 - Slattery, Timothy J.
A1 - Yang, Jinmian
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Rayner, Keith
T1 - Parafoveal processing in reading: Manipulating n+1 and n+2 previews simultaneously
N2 - The boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) with a novel preview manipulation was used to examine the extent of parafoveal processing of words to the right of fixation. Words n+1 and n+2 had either correct or incorrect previews prior to fixation (prior to crossing the boundary location). In addition, the manipulation utilized either a high or low frequency word in word n+1 location on the assumption that it would be more likely that n+2 preview effects could be obtained when word n+1 was high frequency. The primary findings were that there was no evidence for a preview benefit for word n+2 and no evidence for parafoveal-on-foveal effects when word n+1 is at least four letters long. We discuss implications for models of eye-movement control in reading.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 251
Y1 - 2008
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57128
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Boston, Marisa Ferrara
A1 - Hale, John T.
A1 - Vasishth, Shravan
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Parallel processing and sentence comprehension difficulty
N2 - Eye fixation durations during normal reading correlate with processing difficulty but the specific cognitive mechanisms reflected in these measures are not well understood. This study finds support in German readers’ eyefixations for two distinct difficulty metrics: surprisal, which reflects the change in probabilities across syntactic analyses as new words are integrated, and retrieval, which quantifies comprehension difficulty in terms of working memory constraints. We examine the predictions of both metrics using a family of dependency parsers indexed by an upper limit on the number of candidate syntactic analyses they retain at successive words. Surprisal models all fixation measures and regression probability. By contrast, retrieval does not model any measure in serial processing. As more candidate analyses are considered in parallel at each word, retrieval can account for the same measures as surprisal. This pattern suggests an important role for ranked parallelism in theories of sentence comprehension.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 252
Y1 - 2011
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57159
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hering, Robert
A1 - Hauptfleisch, Morgan
A1 - Jago, Mark
A1 - Smith, Taylor
A1 - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
A1 - Stiegler, Jonas
A1 - Blaum, Niels
T1 - Don't stop me now: Managed fence gaps could allow migratory ungulates to track dynamic resources and reduce fence related energy loss
JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2 - In semi-arid environments characterized by erratic rainfall and scattered primary production, migratory movements are a key survival strategy of large herbivores to track resources over vast areas. Veterinary Cordon Fences (VCFs), intended to reduce wildlife-livestock disease transmission, fragment large parts of southern Africa and have limited the movements of large wild mammals for over 60 years. Consequently, wildlife-fence interactions are frequent and often result in perforations of the fence, mainly caused by elephants. Yet, we lack knowledge about at which times fences act as barriers, how fences directly alter the energy expenditure of native herbivores, and what the consequences of impermeability are. We studied 2-year ungulate movements in three common antelopes (springbok, kudu, eland) across a perforated part of Namibia's VCF separating a wildlife reserve and Etosha National Park using GPS telemetry, accelerometer measurements, and satellite imagery. We identified 2905 fence interaction events which we used to evaluate critical times of encounters and direct fence effects on energy expenditure. Using vegetation type-specific greenness dynamics, we quantified what animals gained in terms of high quality food resources from crossing the VCF. Our results show that the perforation of the VCF sustains herbivore-vegetation interactions in the savanna with its scattered resources. Fence permeability led to peaks in crossing numbers during the first flush of woody plants before the rain started. Kudu and eland often showed increased energy expenditure when crossing the fence. Energy expenditure was lowered during the frequent interactions of ungulates standing at the fence. We found no alteration of energy expenditure when springbok immediately found and crossed fence breaches. Our results indicate that constantly open gaps did not affect energy expenditure, while gaps with obstacles increased motion. Closing gaps may have confused ungulates and modified their intended movements. While browsing, sedentary kudu's use of space was less affected by the VCF; migratory, mixed-feeding springbok, and eland benefited from gaps by gaining forage quality and quantity after crossing. This highlights the importance of access to vast areas to allow ungulates to track vital vegetation patches.
KW - veterinary cordon fence
KW - ungulate
KW - fence ecology
KW - resource-tracking
KW - energy expenditure
KW - accelerometer
KW - GPS
KW - wildlife and habitat management
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.907079
SN - 2296-701X
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herold, Fabian
A1 - Theobald, Paula
A1 - Gronwald, Thomas
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Müller, Notger Germar
T1 - Going digital – a commentary on the terminology used at the intersection of physical activity and digital health
JF - European review of aging and physical activity
N2 - In recent years digital technologies have become a major means for providing health-related services and this trend was strongly reinforced by the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As it is well-known that regular physical activity has positive effects on individual physical and mental health and thus is an important prerequisite for healthy aging, digital technologies are also increasingly used to promote unstructured and structured forms of physical activity. However, in the course of this development, several terms (e.g., Digital Health, Electronic Health, Mobile Health, Telehealth, Telemedicine, and Telerehabilitation) have been introduced to refer to the application of digital technologies to provide health-related services such as physical interventions. Unfortunately, the above-mentioned terms are often used in several different ways, but also relatively interchangeably. Given that ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in scientific communication which can impede the progress of theoretical and empirical research, this article aims to make the reader aware of the subtle differences between the relevant terms which are applied at the intersection of physical activity and Digital Health and to provide state-of-art definitions for them.
KW - Digital Health
KW - Electronic Health
KW - Mobile Health
KW - Telehealth
KW - Telemedicine
KW - Physical activity
KW - Physical training
KW - Aging
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-022-00296-y
SN - 1861-6909
VL - 19
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto
A1 - Schuch, Felipe Barreto
A1 - Zech, Philipp
A1 - Kangas, Maria
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Heißel, Andreas
T1 - Recreational exercising and self-reported cardiometabolic diseases in German people living with HIV
BT - A cross-sectional study
JF - International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH / Molecular Diversity Preservation International
N2 - Exercise is known for its beneficial effects on preventing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in the general population. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are prone to sedentarism, thus raising their already elevated risk of developing CMDs in comparison to individuals without HIV. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if exercise is associated with reduced risk of self-reported CMDs in a German HIV-positive sample (n = 446). Participants completed a self-report survey to assess exercise levels, date of HIV diagnosis, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapy, and CMDs. Participants were classified into exercising or sedentary conditions. Generalized linear models with Poisson regression were conducted to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) of PLWH reporting a CMD. Exercising PLWH were less likely to report a heart arrhythmia for every increase in exercise duration (PR: 0.20: 95% CI: 0.10–0.62, p < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus for every increase in exercise session per week (PR: 0.40: 95% CI: 0.10–1, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency and duration are associated with a decreased risk of reporting arrhythmia and diabetes mellitus in PLWH. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying exercise as a protective factor for CMDs in PLWH.
KW - HIV
KW - exercise
KW - cardiovascular diseases
KW - metabolic disease
KW - sedentary
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111579
SN - 1660-4601
VL - 18
IS - 21
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Ye, Fangyuan
A1 - Zhang, Shuo
A1 - Warby, Jonathan
A1 - Wu, Jiawei
A1 - Gutierrez-Partida, Emilio
A1 - Lang, Felix
A1 - Shah, Sahil
A1 - Saglamkaya, Elifnaz
A1 - Sun, Bowen
A1 - Zu, Fengshuo
A1 - Shoaee, Safa
A1 - Wang, Haifeng
A1 - Stiller, Burkhard
A1 - Neher, Dieter
A1 - Zhu, Wei-Hong
A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1 - Wu, Yongzhen
T1 - Overcoming C₆₀-induced interfacial recombination in inverted perovskite solar cells by electron-transporting carborane
T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110 mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400 h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1317
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-587705
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 1317
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schraplau, Anne
A1 - Block, Andrea
A1 - Häusler, Andreas
A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Völler, Heinz
A1 - Bonaventura, Klaus
A1 - Mayer, Frank
T1 - Mobile diagnostics and consultation for the prevention of the metabolic syndrome and its secondary diseases in Brandenburg—study protocol of a regional prospective cohort study
BT - the Mobile Brandenburg Cohort
JF - Pilot and Feasibility Studies
N2 - Background
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk cluster for a number of secondary diseases. The implementation of prevention programs requires early detection of individuals at risk. However, access to health care providers is limited in structurally weak regions. Brandenburg, a rural federal state in Germany, has an especially high MetS prevalence and disease burden. This study aims to validate and test the feasibility of a setup for mobile diagnostics of MetS and its secondary diseases, to evaluate the MetS prevalence and its association with moderating factors in Brandenburg and to identify new ways of early prevention, while establishing a “Mobile Brandenburg Cohort” to reveal new causes and risk factors for MetS.
Methods
In a pilot study, setups for mobile diagnostics of MetS and secondary diseases will be developed and validated. A van will be equipped as an examination room using point-of-care blood analyzers and by mobilizing standard methods. In study part A, these mobile diagnostic units will be placed at different locations in Brandenburg to locally recruit 5000 participants aged 40-70 years. They will be examined for MetS and advice on nutrition and physical activity will be provided. Questionnaires will be used to evaluate sociodemographics, stress perception, and physical activity. In study part B, participants with MetS, but without known secondary diseases, will receive a detailed mobile medical examination, including MetS diagnostics, medical history, clinical examinations, and instrumental diagnostics for internal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive disorders. Participants will receive advice on nutrition and an exercise program will be demonstrated on site. People unable to participate in these mobile examinations will be interviewed by telephone. If necessary, participants will be referred to general practitioners for further diagnosis.
Discussion
The mobile diagnostics approach enables early detection of individuals at risk, and their targeted referral to local health care providers. Evaluation of the MetS prevalence, its relation to risk-increasing factors, and the “Mobile Brandenburg Cohort” create a unique database for further longitudinal studies on the implementation of home-based prevention programs to reduce mortality, especially in rural regions.
Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00022764; registered 07 October 2020—retrospectively registered.
KW - Metabolic syndrome
KW - Mobile diagnostics
KW - Prevention
KW - Nutrition
KW - Physical activity
KW - Rural health
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-021-00898-w
SN - 2055-5784
VL - 7
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - BioMed Central (Springer Nature)
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heissel, Andreas
A1 - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1 - Kangas, Maria
A1 - Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
T1 - The Mediating Role of Rumination in the Relation between Basic Psychological Need Frustration and Depressive Symptoms
JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine
N2 - Research within the framework of Basic Psychological Need Theory (BPNT) finds strong associations between basic need frustration and depressive symptoms. This study examined the role of rumination as an underlying mechanism in the association between basic psychological need frustration and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional sample of N = 221 adults (55.2% female, mean age = 27.95, range = 18–62, SD = 10.51) completed measures assessing their level of basic psychological need frustration, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Correlational analyses and multiple mediation models were conducted. Brooding partially mediated the relation between need frustration and depressive symptoms. BPNT and Response Styles Theory are compatible and can further advance knowledge about depression vulnerabilities.
KW - psychopathology
KW - elf-determination theory
KW - response styles theory
KW - frustration
KW - depressive disorder
KW - emotional regulation
KW - rumination
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020395
SN - 2077-0383
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 2
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1 - Kangas, Maria
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Heinzel, Stephan
A1 - Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene
A1 - Heissel, Andreas
T1 - Basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration in major depressive disorder
JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry - Mood Disorders
N2 - Basic psychological needs theory postulates that a social environment that satisfies individuals’ three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness leads to optimal growth and well-being. On the other hand, the frustration of these needs is associated with ill-being and depressive symptoms foremost investigated in non-clinical samples; yet, there is a paucity of research on need frustration in clinical samples. Survey data were compared between adult individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 115; 48.69% female; 38.46 years, SD = 10.46) with those of a non-depressed comparison sample (n = 201; 53.23% female; 30.16 years, SD = 12.81). Need profiles were examined with a linear mixed model (LMM). Individuals with depression reported higher levels of frustration and lower levels of satisfaction in relation to the three basic psychological needs when compared to non-depressed adults. The difference between depressed and non-depressed groups was significantly larger for frustration than satisfaction regarding the needs for relatedness and competence. LMM correlation parameters confirmed the expected positive correlation between the three needs. This is the first study showing substantial differences in need-based experiences between depressed and non-depressed adults. The results confirm basic assumptions of the self-determination theory and have preliminary implications in tailoring therapy for depression.
KW - basic need satisfaction and frustration
KW - depressive symptoms
KW - clinical sample
KW - need profiles
KW - social environment
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.962501
SN - 1664-0640
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Frontiers Media S.A.
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jara Muñoz, Julius
A1 - Melnick, Daniel
A1 - Li, Shaoyang
A1 - Socquet, Anne
A1 - Cortés-Aranda, Joaquín
A1 - Brill, Dominik
A1 - Strecker, Manfred
T1 - The cryptic seismic potential of the Pichilemu blind fault in Chile revealed by off-fault geomorphology
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - The first step towards assessing hazards in seismically active regions involves mapping capable faults and estimating their recurrence times. While the mapping of active faults is commonly based on distinct geologic and geomorphic features evident at the surface, mapping blind seismogenic faults is complicated by the absence of on-fault diagnostic features. Here we investigated the Pichilemu Fault in coastal Chile, unknown until it generated a Mw 7.0 earthquake in 2010. The lack of evident surface faulting suggests activity along a partly-hidden blind fault. We used off-fault deformed marine terraces to estimate a fault-slip rate of 0.52 ± 0.04 m/ka, which, when integrated with satellite geodesy suggests a 2.12 ± 0.2 ka recurrence time for Mw~7.0 normal-faulting earthquakes. We propose that extension in the Pichilemu region is associated with stress changes during megathrust earthquakes and accommodated by sporadic slip during upper-plate earthquakes, which has implications for assessing the seismic potential of cryptic faults along convergent margins and elsewhere.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30754-1
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Denz, Rebekka
A1 - Stellmacher, Martha
A1 - Ullrich, Rebecca
A1 - Benar, Jael Andra
A1 - Uličná, Lenka
A1 - Martini, Annett
A1 - Allgaier-Honal, Recha
A1 - Abramowicz, Isidoro
A1 - Ariel, Neri Y.
A1 - Stürzebecher, Maria
A1 - Weinhold, Beate
A1 - Singer-Brehm, Elisabeth
ED - Denz, Rebekka
ED - Stellmacher, Martha
ED - Ullrich, Rebecca
T1 - Genisa-Blätter IV
N2 - Auch wenn Genisot – jüdische Ablagen nicht mehr verwendeter Bücher und Kultgegenstände – in der bisherigen historischen Forschung selten beachtet werden, sind sie als Quellen aus originär jüdischer Hand von hoher Bedeutung und können unser Verständnis der Umsetzung von Ritualen im Kontext der lokalen Gemeinde vertiefen.
Der Schwerpunkt der ‚Genisa-Blätter IV‘ liegt auf Fragen nach jüdisch-rituellen Praktiken und ihrer Bedeutung, ihren Objekten und Akteuren. Acht wissenschaftliche und ein essayistischer Beitrag nähern sich diesen Themen über konkrete Funde aus Genisot mitteleuropäischer jüdischer Gemeinden, von religiösen Texten wie dem Fragment einer Torarolle und einem Minhagim-Buch über Personaldokumente bis hin zu Musiknoten und Kleidungsstücken.
KW - Genisa
KW - Jüdische Studien
KW - Ritual
KW - Ländliches Judentum
KW - Geniza
KW - Jewish Studies
KW - ritual
KW - Rural Jewry
Y1 - 2023
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-555356
SN - 978-3-86956-539-2
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fischer, Martin H.
A1 - Winter, Bodo
A1 - Felisatti, Arianna
A1 - Myachykov, Andriy
A1 - Jeglinski-Mende, Melinda A.
A1 - Shaki, Samuel
T1 - More instructions make fewer subtractions
JF - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2 - Research on problem solving offers insights into how humans process task-related information and which strategies they use (Newell and Simon, 1972; Öllinger et al., 2014). Problem solving can be defined as the search for possible changes in one's mind (Kahneman, 2003). In a recent study, Adams et al. (2021) assessed whether the predominant problem solving strategy when making changes involves adding or subtracting elements. In order to do this, they used several examples of simple problems, such as editing text or making visual patterns symmetrical, either in naturalistic settings or on-line. The essence of the authors' findings is a strong preference to add rather than subtract elements across a diverse range of problems, including the stabilizing of artifacts, creating symmetrical patterns, or editing texts. More specifically, they succeeded in demonstrating that “participants were less likely to identify advantageous subtractive changes when the task did not (vs. did) cue them to consider subtraction, when they had only one opportunity (vs. several) to recognize the shortcomings of an additive search strategy or when they were under a higher (vs. lower) cognitive load” (Adams et al., 2021, p. 258).
Addition and subtraction are generally defined as de-contextualized mathematical operations using abstract symbols (Russell, 1903/1938). Nevertheless, understanding of both symbols and operations is informed by everyday activities, such as making or breaking objects (Lakoff and Núñez, 2000; Fischer and Shaki, 2018). The universal attribution of “addition bias” or “subtraction neglect” to problem solving activities is perhaps a convenient shorthand but it overlooks influential framing effects beyond those already acknowledged in the report and the accompanying commentary (Meyvis and Yoon, 2021).
Most importantly, while Adams et al.'s study addresses an important issue, their very method of verbally instructing participants, together with lack of control over several known biases, might render their findings less than conclusive. Below, we discuss our concerns that emerged from the identified biases, namely those regarding the instructions and the experimental materials. Moreover, we refer to research from mathematical cognition that provides new insights into Adams et al.'s findings.
KW - problem solving
KW - addition
KW - subtraction
KW - cognitive bias
KW - SNARC
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720616
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 3
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zurell, Damaris
A1 - König, Christian
A1 - Malchow, Anne-Kathleen
A1 - Kapitza, Simon
A1 - Bocedi, Greta
A1 - Travis, Justin M. J.
A1 - Fandos, Guillermo
T1 - Spatially explicit models for decision-making in animal conservation and restoration
JF - Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology / Nordic Ecologic Society Oikos
N2 - Models are useful tools for understanding and predicting ecological patterns and processes. Under ongoing climate and biodiversity change, they can greatly facilitate decision-making in conservation and restoration and help designing adequate management strategies for an uncertain future. Here, we review the use of spatially explicit models for decision support and to identify key gaps in current modelling in conservation and restoration. Of 650 reviewed publications, 217 publications had a clear management application and were included in our quantitative analyses. Overall, modelling studies were biased towards static models (79%), towards the species and population level (80%) and towards conservation (rather than restoration) applications (71%). Correlative niche models were the most widely used model type. Dynamic models as well as the gene-to-individual level and the community-to-ecosystem level were underrepresented, and explicit cost optimisation approaches were only used in 10% of the studies. We present a new model typology for selecting models for animal conservation and restoration, characterising model types according to organisational levels, biological processes of interest and desired management applications. This typology will help to more closely link models to management goals. Additionally, future efforts need to overcome important challenges related to data integration, model integration and decision-making. We conclude with five key recommendations, suggesting that wider usage of spatially explicit models for decision support can be achieved by 1) developing a toolbox with multiple, easier-to-use methods, 2) improving calibration and validation of dynamic modelling approaches and 3) developing best-practise guidelines for applying these models. Further, more robust decision-making can be achieved by 4) combining multiple modelling approaches to assess uncertainty, and 5) placing models at the core of adaptive management. These efforts must be accompanied by long-term funding for modelling and monitoring, and improved communication between research and practise to ensure optimal conservation and restoration outcomes.
KW - adaptive management
KW - biodiversity conservation
KW - cost optimisation
KW - ecosystem restoration
KW - global change
KW - predictive models
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05787
SN - 1600-0587
IS - 4
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kindermann, Liana
A1 - Dobler, Magnus
A1 - Niedeggen, Daniela
A1 - Chimbioputo Fabiano, Ezequiel
A1 - Linstädter, Anja
T1 - Dataset on woody aboveground biomass, disturbance losses, and wood density from an African savanna ecosystem
JF - Data in Brief
N2 - This dataset comprises tree inventories and damage assessments performed in Namibia's semi-arid Zambezi Region. Data were sampled in savannas and savanna woodlands along steep gradients of elephant population densities to capture the effects of those (and other) disturbances on individual-level and stand-level aboveground woody biomass (AGB). The dataset contains raw data on dendrometric measures and processed data on specific wood density (SWD), woody aboveground biomass, and biomass losses through disturbance impacts. Allometric proxies (height, canopy diameters, and in adult trees also stem circumferences) were recorded for n = 6,179 tree and shrub individuals. Wood samples were taken for each encountered species to measure specific wood density.
These measurements have been used to estimate woody aboveground biomass via established allometric models, advanced through our improved methodologies and workflows that accounted for tree and shrub architecture shaped by disturbance impacts. To this end, we performed a detailed damage assessment on each woody individual in the field. In addition to estimations of standing biomass, our new method also delivered data on biomass losses to different disturbance agents (elephants, fire, and others) on the level of plant individuals and stands.
The data presented here have been used within a study published with Ecological Indicators (Kindermann et al., 2022) to evaluate the benefits of our improved methodology in comparison to a standard reference method of aboveground biomass estimations. Additionally, it has been employed in a study on carbon storage and sequestration in vegetation and soils (Sandhage-Hofmann et al., 2021).
The raw data of dendrometric measurements can be subjected to other available allometric models for biomass estimation. The processed data can be used to analyze disturbance impacts on woody aboveground biomass, or for regional carbon storage estimates. The data on species-specific wood density can be used for application to other dendrometric datasets to (re-) estimate biomass through allometric models requiring wood density. It can further be used for plant functional trait analyses.
KW - Damage assessment
KW - Disturbance impacts
KW - Disturbance indicator
KW - Elephant disturbance
KW - Tree allometry
KW - Specific wood density
KW - Woody aboveground biomass
KW - Wood specific gravity
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108155
SN - 2352-3409
VL - 42
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Perkins, Anita
A1 - Rose, Andrew
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1 - Rojas-Jimenez, Keilor Osvaldo
A1 - Barroso Prescott, Selva Kiri
A1 - Oakes, Joanne M.
T1 - Oxic and Anoxic Organic Polymer Degradation Potential of Endophytic Fungi From the Marine Macroalga, Ecklonia radiata
JF - Frontiers in Microbiology
N2 - Cellulose and chitin are the most abundant polymeric, organic carbon source globally. Thus, microbes degrading these polymers significantly influence global carbon cycling and greenhouse gas production. Fungi are recognized as important for cellulose decomposition in terrestrial environments, but are far less studied in marine environments, where bacterial organic matter degradation pathways tend to receive more attention. In this study, we investigated the potential of fungi to degrade kelp detritus, which is a major source of cellulose in marine systems. Given that kelp detritus can be transported considerable distances in the marine environment, we were specifically interested in the capability of endophytic fungi, which are transported with detritus, to ultimately contribute to kelp detritus degradation. We isolated 10 species and two strains of endophytic fungi from the kelp Ecklonia radiata. We then used a dye decolorization assay to assess their ability to degrade organic polymers (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) under both oxic and anoxic conditions and compared their degradation ability with common terrestrial fungi. Under oxic conditions, there was evidence that Ascomycota isolates produced cellulose-degrading extracellular enzymes (associated with manganese peroxidase and sulfur-containing lignin peroxidase), while Mucoromycota isolates appeared to produce both lignin and cellulose-degrading extracellular enzymes, and all Basidiomycota isolates produced lignin-degrading enzymes (associated with laccase and lignin peroxidase). Under anoxic conditions, only three kelp endophytes degraded cellulose. We concluded that kelp fungal endophytes can contribute to cellulose degradation in both oxic and anoxic environments. Thus, endophytic kelp fungi may play a significant role in marine carbon cycling via polymeric organic matter degradation.
KW - kelp
KW - fungi
KW - endophytes
KW - carbon cycling
KW - extracellular enzymes
KW - cellulose polymeric organic matter
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.726138
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers in microbiology
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Denz, Rebekka
A1 - Stellmacher, Martha
A1 - Ullrich, Rebecca
T1 - Einleitung
JF - Genisa-Blätter IV
Y1 - 2023
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-584843
SN - 978-3-86956-539-2
SP - 9
EP - 13
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Denz, Rebekka
T1 - Bundistinnen
BT - Frauen im Allgemeinen Jüdischen Arbeiterbund („Bund“) dargestellt anhand der jiddischen Biographiensammlung „Doires Bundistn“
T3 - Pri ha-Pardes
N2 - Pri ha-Pardes (Früchte des Obstgartens) ist eine Reihe der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V., welche in Verbindung mit dem Zentrum für Jüdische Studien der Universität Potsdam publiziert wird. Pri ha-Pardes möchte kleineren wissenschaftlichen Studien, Forschungen am Rande der großen Disziplinen und exzellenten Masterarbeiten eine Publikationsplattform bieten. Im fünften Band der Reihe Pri ha-Pardes skizziert Rebekka Denz die Geschichte von Frauen im Allgemeinen Jüdischen Arbeiterbund („Bund“) seit seiner Gründung 1897 bis zum Jahr 1939. Durch das Prisma der gewählten Hauptquelle ─ die Frauenbiographien der „Doires Bundistn“, einer jiddischsprachigen Biographiensammlung verfasst von Mitgliedern des „Bund“ ─ werden das Mitwirken und die Bedeutung von Frauen in dieser sozialistischen, jiddischistischen Bewegung Ost(mittel)europas dargestellt. Zudem wird ein erster Versuch unternommen, diesen Teil der bundischen Parteigeschichtsschreibung hinsichtlich ihrer (Re-) Konstruktionsprinzipien zu lesen. Die Arbeit gliedert sich dabei analog zum bundischen Selbstverständnis und der geographischen Verschiebung seines Hauptwirkungsfeldes in zwei Teile: Frauen im „Russischen Bund“ (1897-1917) und Frauen im „Polnischen Bund“ (1918-1939). Die Auswirkungen der unterschiedlichen historischen Kontexte auf lebensweltliche Aspekte, Tätigkeiten in Bewegung und Partei sowie Tendenzen der Lebensgestaltung der Bundistinnen werden anhand von drei Vergleichskapiteln aufgezeigt; weitere Einzelkapitel behandeln zeitspezifische Aspekte. Die Instabilität der Lebensverhältnisse für die Mitglieder im illegalen „Russischen Bund“ bzw. die größere Stabilität in der Zeit des „Bund“ in Polen als legale Partei bilden wichtige, bislang vernachlässigte Faktoren bei der Betrachtung der weiblichen Lebensmuster.
N2 - In this publication the history of women active in the General Jewish Workers Bund (Bund) is outlined from its foundation 1897 up to 1939. The taken main sources are the women biographies of “Doires Bundistn”, a collection of biographies written in Yiddish by members of the Bund. Through the prism of these texts the work and importance of women in this socialist, Yiddishistic movement in Eastern and Middle Europe are presented. Furthermore a first attempt is made to read this part of Bundist party history concerning its principles of (re-)construction. The publication consists of two parts which are based on the Bundist self-concept and the geographical dislocation of its main field: Women in the “Russian Bund” (1897-1918) and women in the “Polish Bund” (1918-1939). The impact of the different historical contexts on lifestyle aspects, activities in the movement or rather in the party, the complex of themes concerning the way of living of female Bundists are pointed out in three comparative chapters. In other chapters it is dealt with themes specific for the different periods. The instability of the living conditions for the members of the illegal “Russian Bund” or the larger stability in the time of the “Polish Bund” as a legal party generates important, up to now neglected factors while examining the paradigms of female life styles.
T3 - Pri ha-Pardes - 5
KW - Allgemeiner Jüdischer Arbeiterbund
KW - Jiddisch
KW - Biografie
KW - Bund
KW - Gender Forschung
KW - Sozialismus
KW - Judentum
KW - General Jewish Workers
KW - Yiddish
KW - biography
KW - Bund
KW - Gender studies
KW - socialism
KW - Jewry/Judaism
Y1 - 2009
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27889
SN - 978-3-940793-58-4
SN - 1863-7442
SN - 2191-4540
IS - 5
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hauffe, Robert
A1 - Rath, Michaela
A1 - Schell, Mareike
A1 - Ritter, Katrin
A1 - Kappert, Kai
A1 - Deubel, Stefanie
A1 - Ott, Christiane
A1 - Jähnert, Markus
A1 - Jonas, Wenke
A1 - Schürmann, Annette
A1 - Kleinridders, André
T1 - HSP60 reduction protects against diet-induced obesity by modulating energy metabolism in adipose tissue
JF - Molecular Metabolism
N2 - Objective
Insulin regulates mitochondrial function, thereby propagating an efficient metabolism. Conversely, diabetes and insulin resistance are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction with a decreased expression of the mitochondrial chaperone HSP60. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of a reduced HSP60 expression on the development of obesity and insulin resistance.
Methods
Control and heterozygous whole-body HSP60 knockout (Hsp60+/−) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat) for 16 weeks and subjected to extensive metabolic phenotyping. To understand the effect of HSP60 on white adipose tissue, microarray analysis of gonadal WAT was performed, ex vivo experiments were performed, and a lentiviral knockdown of HSP60 in 3T3-L1 cells was conducted to gain detailed insights into the effect of reduced HSP60 levels on adipocyte homeostasis.
Results
Male Hsp60+/− mice exhibited lower body weight with lower fat mass. These mice exhibited improved insulin sensitivity compared to control, as assessed by Matsuda Index and HOMA-IR. Accordingly, insulin levels were significantly reduced in Hsp60+/− mice in a glucose tolerance test. However, Hsp60+/− mice exhibited an altered adipose tissue metabolism with elevated insulin-independent glucose uptake, adipocyte hyperplasia in the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction, altered autophagy, and local insulin resistance.
Conclusions
We discovered that the reduction of HSP60 in mice predominantly affects adipose tissue homeostasis, leading to beneficial alterations in body weight, body composition, and adipocyte morphology, albeit exhibiting local insulin resistance.
KW - Mitochondria
KW - Stress response
KW - Obesity
KW - Glucose homeostasis
KW - Insulin resistance
KW - Adipose tissue
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101276
SN - 2212-8778
VL - 53
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hauffe, Robert
A1 - Rath, Michaela
A1 - Agyapong, Wilson
A1 - Jonas, Wenke
A1 - Vogel, Heike
A1 - Schulz, Tim Julius
A1 - Schwarz, Maria
A1 - Kipp, Anna Patricia
A1 - Blüher, Matthias
A1 - Kleinridders, André
T1 - Obesity Hinders the Protective Effect of Selenite Supplementation on Insulin Signaling
JF - Antioxidants
N2 - The intake of high-fat diets (HFDs) containing large amounts of saturated long-chain fatty acids leads to obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. The trace element selenium, as a crucial part of antioxidative selenoproteins, can protect against the development of diet-induced insulin resistance in white adipose tissue (WAT) by increasing glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and insulin receptor (IR) expression. Whether selenite (Se) can attenuate insulin resistance in established lipotoxic and obese conditions is unclear. We confirm that GPX3 mRNA expression in adipose tissue correlates with BMI in humans. Cultivating 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in palmitate-containing medium followed by Se treatment attenuates insulin resistance with enhanced GPx3 and IR expression and adipocyte differentiation. However, feeding obese mice a selenium-enriched high-fat diet (SRHFD) only resulted in a modest increase in overall selenoprotein gene expression in WAT in mice with unaltered body weight development, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. While Se supplementation improved adipocyte morphology, it did not alter WAT insulin sensitivity. However, mice fed a SRHFD exhibited increased insulin content in the pancreas. Overall, while selenite protects against palmitate-induced insulin resistance in vitro, obesity impedes the effect of selenite on insulin action and adipose tissue metabolism in vivo.
KW - selenite
KW - insulin
KW - adipose tissue
KW - obesity
KW - insulin resistance
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050862
SN - 2076-3921
VL - 11
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 5
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Lessmann, Kai
A1 - Gruner, Friedemann
A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias
A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar
T1 - Emissions Trading with Clean-up Certificates
BT - Deterring Mitigation or Increasing Ambition?
T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers
N2 - We analyze how conventional emissions trading schemes (ETS) can be modified by introducing “clean-up certificates” to allow for a phase of net-negative emissions. Clean-up certificates bundle the permission to emit CO2 with the obligation for its removal. We show that demand for such certificates is determined by cost-saving technological progress, the discount rate and the length of the compliance period. Introducing extra clean-up certificates into an existing ETS reduces near-term carbon prices and mitigation efforts. In contrast, substituting ETS allowances with clean-up certificates reduces cumulative emissions without depressing carbon prices or mitigation in the near term. We calibrate our model to the EU ETS and identify reforms where simultaneously (i) ambition levels rise, (ii) climate damages fall, (iii) revenues from carbon prices rise and (iv) carbon prices and aggregate mitigation cost fall. For reducing climate damages, roughly half of the issued clean-up certificates should replace conventional ETS allowances. In the context of the EU ETS, a European Carbon Central Bank could manage the implementation of cleanup certificates and could serve as an enforcement mechanism.
T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 79
KW - carbon removal
KW - carbon pricing
KW - net-negative emissions
KW - carbon debt
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-641368
SN - 2628-653X
IS - 79
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo
A1 - Ulrich, Peter
A1 - Büchner, Christiane
A1 - Franzke, Jochen
A1 - Jann, Werner
A1 - Bauer, Hartmut
A1 - Wagner, Dieter
A1 - Brüning, Christoph
A1 - Bickenbach, Christian
A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1 - Peters, Niklas
A1 - Reichard, Christoph
A1 - Tessmann, Jens
A1 - Maaß, Christian
A1 - Kern, Kristine
A1 - Kochskämper, Elisa
A1 - Gailing, Ludger
A1 - Krzymuski, Marcin
ED - Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo
ED - Bickenbach, Christian
ED - Gronewold, Ulfert
ED - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED - Ulrich, Peter
T1 - Kommunalwissenschaften an der Universität Potsdam
BT - Rück- und Ausblick zum 30-jährigen Bestehen des Kommunalwissenschaftlichen Instituts (KWI)
T3 - KWI-Schriften
N2 - Zum dreißigjährigen Bestehen des Kommunalwissenschaftlichen Instituts an der Universität Potsdam vereint dieser Jubiläumsband kurze Aufsätze von ehemaligen und aktuellen Vorstandsmitgliedern, von Ehrenmitgliedern des Vorstands, langjährigen wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeitern des Instituts und aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Kooperationspartnern. Die insgesamt zwölf Beiträge befassen sich mit den Kommunalwissenschaften und der Geschichte des Kommunalwissenschaftlichen Instituts, mit aktuellen kommunalwissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen und wissenschaftlichen Kooperationen des KWI. Der vom KWI-Vorstand herausgegebene Band soll einen breiten Blick auf 30 Jahre Kommunalwissenschaften in Brandenburg und an der Universität Potsdam werfen und einen Ausblick auf zukünftige kommunalwissenschaftliche Forschung geben.
T3 - KWI-Schriften - 15
KW - Kommunalwissenschaft
KW - Institut
KW - Brandenburg
KW - Potsdam
KW - Universität
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-636180
SN - 978-3-86956-581-1
SN - 1867-951X
SN - 1867-9528
IS - 15
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maaß, Christian
ED - Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo
ED - Bickenbach, Christian
ED - Gronewold, Ulfert
ED - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED - Ulrich, Peter
T1 - Brandenburg, (k)ein Land der Reformen?
JF - Kommunalwissenschaften an der Universität Potsdam (KWI-Schriften ; 15)
KW - Brandenburg
KW - Kommunalverwaltung
KW - Kommunalrecht
KW - Kommunalreform
KW - Kommunalfinanzen
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-647878
SN - 978-3-86956-581-1
SN - 1867-951X
SN - 1867-9528
IS - 15
SP - 87
EP - 98
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kern, Kristine
A1 - Kochskämper, Elisa
ED - Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo
ED - Bickenbach, Christian
ED - Gronewold, Ulfert
ED - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED - Ulrich, Peter
T1 - Wege zur urbanen Transformation
BT - Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze für die Landeshauptstadt Potsdam
JF - Kommunalwissenschaften an der Universität Potsdam (KWI-Schriften ; 15)
KW - Transformation
KW - Stadt
KW - Potsdam
KW - Klimapolitik
KW - Kommune
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-647882
SN - 978-3-86956-581-1
SN - 1867-951X
SN - 1867-9528
IS - 15
SP - 101
EP - 109
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gailing, Ludger
ED - Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo
ED - Bickenbach, Christian
ED - Gronewold, Ulfert
ED - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED - Ulrich, Peter
T1 - Regionalplanung – und die Kommunalwissenschaften
JF - Kommunalwissenschaften an der Universität Potsdam (KWI-Schriften ; 15)
KW - Regionalplanung
KW - Cottbus
KW - Kommunalwissenschaften
KW - Transformation
KW - Kooperation
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-647899
SN - 978-3-86956-581-1
SN - 1867-951X
SN - 1867-9528
IS - 15
SP - 111
EP - 120
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tessmann, Jens
ED - Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo
ED - Bickenbach, Christian
ED - Gronewold, Ulfert
ED - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED - Ulrich, Peter
T1 - Organisationsvarianten kommunaler Selbstverwaltung in Deutschland
JF - Kommunalwissenschaften an der Universität Potsdam (KWI-Schriften ; 15)
KW - Kommune
KW - kommunale Selbstverwaltung
KW - Organisation
KW - Steuerung
KW - Territorialorganisation
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-647869
SN - 978-3-86956-581-1
SN - 1867-951X
SN - 1867-9528
IS - 15
SP - 79
EP - 85
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Krzymuski, Marcin
ED - Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo
ED - Bickenbach, Christian
ED - Gronewold, Ulfert
ED - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED - Ulrich, Peter
T1 - Phänomen des Kollisionsrechts im Verwaltungsrecht?
JF - Kommunalwissenschaften an der Universität Potsdam (KWI-Schriften ; 15)
KW - Verwaltungsrecht
KW - Kollisionsrecht
KW - grenzüberschreitende Kooperation
KW - Verwaltungskooperation
KW - Daseinsvorsorge
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-647912
SN - 978-3-86956-581-1
SN - 1867-951X
SN - 1867-9528
IS - 15
SP - 121
EP - 124
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Werner, John S.
A1 - Cicerone, Carola M.
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - DellaRosa, Denise
T1 - Spectral efficiency of blackness induction
N2 - The spectral efficiency of blackness induction was measured in three normal trichromatic observers and in one deuteranomalous observer. The psychophysical task was to adjust the radiance of a monochromatic 60–120′ annulus until a 45′ central broadband field just turned black and its contour became indiscriminable from a dark surrounding gap that separated it from the annulus. The reciprocal of the radiance required to induce blackness with annulus wavelengths between 420 and 680 nm was used to define a spectral-efficiency function for the blackness component of the achromatic process. For each observer, the shape of this blackness-sensitivity function agreed with the spectral-efficiency function based on heterochromatic flicker photometry when measured with the same 60–120′ annulus. Both of these functions matched the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage Vλ function except at short wavelengths. Ancillary measurements showed that the latter difference in sensitivity can be ascribed to nonuniformities of preretinal absorption, since the annular field excluded the central 60′ of the fovea. Thus our evidence indicates that, at least to a good first approximation, induced blackness is inversely related to the spectral-luminosity function. These findings are consistent with a model that separates the achromatic and the chromatic pathways.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 040
Y1 - 1984
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16897
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Ketzer, Laura
T1 - The impact of stellar activity evolution on atmospheric mass loss of young exoplanets
T1 - Der Einfluss der stellaren Aktivitätsentwicklung auf den atmosphärischen Massenverlust von jungen Exoplaneten
N2 - The increasing number of known exoplanets raises questions about their demographics and the mechanisms that shape planets into how we observe them today. Young planets in close-in orbits are exposed to harsh environments due to the host star being magnetically highly active, which results in high X-ray and extreme UV fluxes impinging on the planet. Prolonged exposure to this intense photoionizing radiation can cause planetary atmospheres to heat up, expand and escape into space via a hydrodynamic escape process known as photoevaporation. For super-Earth and sub-Neptune-type planets, this can even lead to the complete erosion of their primordial gaseous atmospheres. A factor of interest for this particular mass-loss process is the activity evolution of the host star. Stellar rotation, which drives the dynamo and with it the magnetic activity of a star, changes significantly over the stellar lifetime. This strongly affects the amount of high-energy radiation received by a planet as stars age. At a young age, planets still host warm and extended envelopes, making them particularly susceptible to atmospheric evaporation. Especially in the first gigayear, when X-ray and UV levels can be 100 - 10,000 times higher than for the present-day sun, the characteristics of the host star and the detailed evolution of its high-energy emission are of importance.
In this thesis, I study the impact of stellar activity evolution on the high-energy-induced atmospheric mass loss of young exoplanets. The PLATYPOS code was developed as part of this thesis to calculate photoevaporative mass-loss rates over time. The code, which couples parameterized planetary mass-radius relations with an analytical hydrodynamic escape model, was used, together with Chandra and eROSITA X-ray observations, to investigate the future mass loss of the two young multiplanet systems V1298 Tau and K2-198. Further, in a numerical ensemble study, the effect of a realistic spread of activity tracks on the small-planet radius gap was investigated for the first time. The works in this thesis show that for individual systems, in particular if planetary masses are unconstrained, the difference between a young host star following a low-activity track vs. a high-activity one can have major implications: the exact shape of the activity evolution can determine whether a planet can hold on to some of its atmosphere, or completely loses its envelope, leaving only the bare rocky core behind. For an ensemble of simulated planets, an observationally-motivated distribution of activity tracks does not substantially change the final radius distribution at ages of several gigayears. My simulations indicate that the overall shape and slope of the resulting small-planet radius gap is not significantly affected by the spread in stellar activity tracks. However, it can account for a certain scattering or fuzziness observed in and around the radius gap of the observed exoplanet population.
N2 - Die steigende Anzahl bekannter Exoplaneten wirft Fragen zu ihrer Demografie und den Mechanismen auf, die Planeten in ihre heutige beobachtete Form bringen. Junge Planeten, die sehr nah um ihren Wirtsstern kreisen, sind extremen Umgebungen ausgesetzt, da der Stern eine hohe magnetische Aktivität aufweist. Das führt wiederum dazu, dass der Planet einer enormen Röntgen- und Extrem-UV-Strahlung ausgesetzt ist. Ist der Planet über einen längeren Zeitraum dieser intensiven photoionisierenden Strahlung ausgesetzt, kann dies dazu führen, dass Planetenatmosphären sich aufheizen, ausdehnen und durch einen hydrodynamischen Entweichungsprozess namens Photoevaporation ins All entweichen, sozusagen verdampfen. Bei Planeten, in der Größenordnung von Super-Erden und Sub-Neptunen, kann dies sogar zur vollständigen Erosion ihrer Ur-Atmosphären führen. Ein interessanter Faktor, der für diesen Massenverlustprozess eine Rolle spielt, ist die Aktivitätsentwicklung des Wirtssterns. Die Rotation eines Sterns, die den Dynamo und damit die magnetische Aktivität antreibt, ändert sich im Laufe der Lebensdauer eines Sterns erheblich. Dies hat einen starken Einfluss auf die Menge der hochenergetischen Strahlung, den ein Planet mit zunehmendem Alter des Sterns empfängt. In jungen Jahren besitzen Planeten noch warme und ausgedehnte Hüllen, was sie besonders anfällig für atmosphärische Verdunstung macht. Insbesondere in den ersten Gigajahren, wenn die Röntgen- und UV-Strahlung 100 - 10,000 Mal höher sein kann als bei der heutigen Sonne, sind die Eigenschaften des Wirtssterns und die detaillierte Entwicklung seiner hochenergetischen Emission von Bedeutung.
In dieser Arbeit untersuche ich die Auswirkungen der Entwicklung der stellaren Aktivität auf den durch hochenergetische Strahlung verursachten atmosphärischen Massenverlust junger Exoplaneten. Der PLATYPOS-Code wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelt, um die photoevaporativen Massenverlustraten für verschiedene stellare Alter zu berechnen. Der Code verknüpft parametrisierte Planetenmasse-Radius-Beziehungen mit einem analytischen Modell für den hydrodynamischen Massenverlust. Er wurde zusammen mit Chandra- und eROSITA-Röntgenbeobachtungen dazu verwendet, den zukünftigen Massenverlust der beiden jungen Mehrplanetensysteme V1298 Tau und K2-198 zu untersuchen. Darüber hinaus wurde in einer numerischen Ensemblestudie erstmals der Effekt einer realistischen Verteilung von stellaren Aktivitäts-Tracks auf das sogenannte Radius-Tal bei kleinen Planeten untersucht. Die Arbeiten in dieser Dissertation zeigen, dass für einzelne Systeme, insbesondere wenn die Planetenmassen unbestimmt sind, der Unterschied zwischen einem jungen Wirtsstern, der einem Track mit niedriger Aktivität gegenüber einem solchen mit hoher Aktivität folgt, gravierende Auswirkungen haben kann: Die genaue Form der Aktivitätsentwicklung kann darüber entscheiden, ob ein Planet einen Teil seiner Atmosphäre behält oder seine Hülle vollständig verliert und nur den nackten Gesteinskern behält. Für ein Ensemble von simulierten Planeten ändert eine durch Beobachtungen motivierte Verteilung von Aktivitäts-Tracks die endgültige Radiusverteilung der Planeten nach mehreren Gigajahren nicht wesentlich. Meine Simulationen deuten darauf hin, dass die Form und Steigung des sich ergebenden Radius-Tals bei Kleinplaneten nicht wesentlich von der Streuung der stellaren Aktivitäts-Tracks beeinflusst wird. Eine gewisse Streuung oder Unschärfe im Radius-Tal der beobachteten Exoplanetenpopulation kann damit allerdings durchaus erklärt werden.
KW - Exoplaneten
KW - star-planet interaction
KW - stellar physics
KW - exoplanets
KW - exoplanet atmospheres
KW - Sternphysik
KW - Stern-Planeten-Wechselwirkung
KW - Exoplanetenatmosphären
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626819
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Deeken, Friederike
A1 - Reichert, Markus
A1 - Zech, Hilmar
A1 - Wenzel, Julia
A1 - Wedemeyer, Friederike
A1 - Aguilera, Alvaro
A1 - Aslan, Acelya
A1 - Bach, Patrick
A1 - Bahr, Nadja Samia
A1 - Ebrahimi, Claudia
A1 - Fischbach, Pascale Christine
A1 - Ganz, Marvin
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Großkopf, Charlotte M.
A1 - Heigert, Marie
A1 - Hentschel, Angela
A1 - Karl, Damian
A1 - Pelz, Patricia
A1 - Pinger, Mathieu
A1 - Riemerschmid, Carlotta
A1 - Rosenthal, Annika
A1 - Steffen, Johannes
A1 - Strehle, Jens
A1 - Weiss,, Franziska
A1 - Wieder, Gesine
A1 - Wieland, Alfred
A1 - Zaiser, Judith
A1 - Zimmermann, Sina
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Lenz, Bernd
A1 - Deserno, Lorenz
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Liu, Shuyan
A1 - Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich Walter
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
T1 - Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Among Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdowns in Germany
JF - JAMA Network Open
N2 - Importance Alcohol consumption (AC) leads to death and disability worldwide. Ongoing discussions on potential negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on AC need to be informed by real-world evidence.
Objective To examine whether lockdown measures are associated with AC and consumption-related temporal and psychological within-person mechanisms.
Design, Setting, and Participants This quantitative, intensive, longitudinal cohort study recruited 1743 participants from 3 sites from February 20, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Data were provided before and within the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: before lockdown (October 2 to November 1, 2020); light lockdown (November 2 to December 15, 2020); and hard lockdown (December 16, 2020, to February 28, 2021).
Main Outcomes and Measures Daily ratings of AC (main outcome) captured during 3 lockdown phases (main variable) and temporal (weekends and holidays) and psychological (social isolation and drinking intention) correlates.
Results Of the 1743 screened participants, 189 (119 [63.0%] male; median [IQR] age, 37 [27.5-52.0] years) with at least 2 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) yet without the need for medically supervised alcohol withdrawal were included. These individuals provided 14 694 smartphone ratings from October 2020 through February 2021. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher AC (grams of alcohol per day) on weekend days vs weekdays (β = 11.39; 95% CI, 10.00-12.77; P < .001). Alcohol consumption was above the overall average on Christmas (β = 26.82; 95% CI, 21.87-31.77; P < .001) and New Year’s Eve (β = 66.88; 95% CI, 59.22-74.54; P < .001). During the hard lockdown, perceived social isolation was significantly higher (β = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.15; P < .001), but AC was significantly lower (β = −5.45; 95% CI, −8.00 to −2.90; P = .001). Independent of lockdown, intention to drink less alcohol was associated with lower AC (β = −11.10; 95% CI, −13.63 to −8.58; P < .001). Notably, differences in AC between weekend and weekdays decreased both during the hard lockdown (β = −6.14; 95% CI, −9.96 to −2.31; P = .002) and in participants with severe AUD (β = −6.26; 95% CI, −10.18 to −2.34; P = .002).
Conclusions and Relevance This 5-month cohort study found no immediate negative associations of lockdown measures with overall AC. Rather, weekend-weekday and holiday AC patterns exceeded lockdown effects. Differences in AC between weekend days and weekdays evinced that weekend drinking cycles decreased as a function of AUD severity and lockdown measures, indicating a potential mechanism of losing and regaining control. This finding suggests that temporal patterns and drinking intention constitute promising targets for prevention and intervention, even in high-risk individuals.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.24641
SN - 2574-3805
VL - 5
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - JAMA Network / American Medical Association
CY - Chicago, Illinois, USA
ET - 8
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brahms, Markus
A1 - Heinzel, Stephan
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Mückstein, Marie
A1 - Hortobágyi, Tibor
A1 - Stelzel, Christine
A1 - Granacher, Urs
T1 - The acute effects of mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy young and older adults – A systematic review and meta-analysis
JF - Acta Psychologica
N2 - Cognitive resources contribute to balance control. There is evidence that mental fatigue reduces cognitive resources and impairs balance performance, particularly in older adults and when balance tasks are complex, for example when trying to walk or stand while concurrently performing a secondary cognitive task.
We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify eligible studies and performed a random effects meta-analysis to quantify the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy adults. Subgroup analyses were computed for age (healthy young vs. healthy older adults) and balance task complexity (balance tasks with high complexity vs. balance tasks with low complexity) to examine the moderating effects of these factors on fatigue-mediated balance performance.
We identified 7 eligible studies with 9 study groups and 206 participants. Analysis revealed that performing a prolonged cognitive task had a small but significant effect (SMDwm = −0.38) on subsequent balance performance in healthy young and older adults. However, age- and task-related differences in balance responses to fatigue could not be confirmed statistically.
Overall, aggregation of the available literature indicates that mental fatigue generally reduces balance in healthy adults. However, interactions between cognitive resource reduction, aging and balance task complexity remain elusive.
KW - Cognitive fatigue
KW - Exertion
KW - Tiredness
KW - Postural control
KW - Gait
KW - Sway
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103540
SN - 1873-6297
VL - 225
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Corbett, Tim
A1 - Siegel, Björn
A1 - Thulin, Mirjam
T1 - Towards Pluricultural and Connected Histories
BT - Intersections between Jewish and Habsburg Studies
JF - PaRDeS
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-645988
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 15
EP - 27
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hödl, Klaus
T1 - Blurring the Boundaries of Jewishness
BT - Exploring Jewish-non-Jewish Neighborliness and Similarity
JF - PaRDeS
N2 - In this essay I argue that while research in Jewish studies over the last several decades has done much to erode the historical narrative of Jewish/non-Jewish separation and detachment, it has also raised various questions pertaining to the outcome of Jewish/non-Jewish interactions and coexistence as well as the contours of Jewish difference. I contend that employing the concepts of conviviality, ethnic/religious/national indifference, and similarity will greatly facilitate answering these questions.
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-646009
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 39
EP - 50
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Csáky, Moritz
T1 - Habsburg Central Europe
BT - Culturally Heterogeneous and Polysemous Regions
JF - PaRDeS
N2 - Central Europe is characterized by linguistic and cultural density as well as by endogenous and exogenous cultural influences. These constellations were especially visible in the former Habsburg Empire, where they influenced the formation of individual and collective identities. This led not only to continual crises and conflicts, but also to an equally enormous creative potential as became apparent in the culture of the fin-de-siècle.
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-645995
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 31
EP - 37
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ye, Fangyuan
A1 - Zhang, Shuo
A1 - Warby, Jonathan
A1 - Wu, Jiawei
A1 - Gutierrez-Partida, Emilio
A1 - Lang, Felix
A1 - Shah, Sahil
A1 - Saglamkaya, Elifnaz
A1 - Sun, Bowen
A1 - Zu, Fengshuo
A1 - Shoai, Safa
A1 - Wang, Haifeng
A1 - Stiller, Burkhard
A1 - Neher, Dieter
A1 - Zhu, Wei-Hong
A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1 - Wu, Yongzhen
T1 - Overcoming C₆₀-induced interfacial recombination in inverted perovskite solar cells by electron-transporting carborane
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110 mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400 h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34203-x
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herold, Fabian
A1 - Labott, Berit K.
A1 - Grässler, Bernhard
A1 - Halfpaap, Nicole
A1 - Langhans, Corinna
A1 - Müller, Patrick
A1 - Ammar, Achraf
A1 - Dordevic, Milos
A1 - Hökelmann, Anita
A1 - Müller, Notger Germar
T1 - A Link between Handgrip Strength and Executive Functioning: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls
JF - Healthcare : open access journal
N2 - Older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who in addition to their memory deficits also suffer from frontal-executive dysfunctions have a higher risk of developing dementia later in their lives than older adults with aMCI without executive deficits and older adults with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). Handgrip strength (HGS) is also correlated with the risk of cognitive decline in the elderly. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the associations between HGS and executive functioning in individuals with aMCI, naMCI and healthy controls. Older, right-handed adults with amnestic MCI (aMCI), non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), and healthy controls (HC) conducted a handgrip strength measurement via a handheld dynamometer. Executive functions were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT A&B). Normalized handgrip strength (nHGS, normalized to Body Mass Index (BMI)) was calculated and its associations with executive functions (operationalized through z-scores of TMT B/A ratio) were investigated through partial correlation analyses (i.e., accounting for age, sex, and severity of depressive symptoms). A positive and low-to-moderate correlation between right nHGS (rp (22) = 0.364; p = 0.063) and left nHGS (rp (22) = 0.420; p = 0.037) and executive functioning in older adults with aMCI but not in naMCI or HC was observed. Our results suggest that higher levels of nHGS are linked to better executive functioning in aMCI but not naMCI and HC. This relationship is perhaps driven by alterations in the integrity of the hippocampal-prefrontal network occurring in older adults with aMCI. Further research is needed to provide empirical evidence for this assumption.
KW - MCI
KW - hippocampal-prefrontal network
KW - handgrip strength
KW - exercise cognition
KW - aging
KW - brain health
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020230
SN - 2227-9032
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 2
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Gebser, Martin
A1 - Hinrichs, Henrik
A1 - Schaub, Torsten
A1 - Thiele, Sven
T1 - xpanda: a (simple) preprocessor for adding multi-valued propositions to ASP
N2 - We introduce a simple approach extending the input language of Answer Set Programming (ASP) systems by multi-valued propositions. Our approach is implemented as a (prototypical) preprocessor translating logic programs with multi-valued propositions into logic programs with Boolean propositions only. Our translation is modular and heavily benefits from the expressive input language of ASP. The resulting approach, along with its implementation, allows for solving interesting constraint satisfaction problems in ASP, showing a good performance.
Y1 - 2010
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41466
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kauders, Anthony D.
T1 - Kateřina Čapková/Hillel J. Kieval (eds.), Prague and Beyond. Jews in the Bohemian Lands (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press 2021), 384 pp.
JF - PaRDeS
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650417
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 160
EP - 163
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jánošíková, Magdaléna
T1 - Jason Sion Mokhtarian, Medicine in the Talmud: Natural and Supernatural Therapies between Magic and Science (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2022), 260 pp.
JF - PaRDeS
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650392
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 154
EP - 157
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Halbinger, Monika
T1 - Kateřina Čapková/Hillel J. Kieval (eds.), Prague and Beyond. Jews in the Bohemian Lands (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press 2021), 384 pp.
JF - PaRDeS
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650309
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 151
EP - 154
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Keßler, Katrin
T1 - Anke Geißler-Grünberg, Jüdischer Friedhof Potsdam: Dokumentation – Geschichte – Erinnerungsort (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2022). Teil 1: Geschichte, Gestaltung, Ort der Erinnerung, 289 S. + 1 eingelegter Plan. Teil 2: Dokumentation der Grabsteine und Grabanlagen, 780 S.
JF - PaRDeS
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650401
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 157
EP - 160
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maaß, Ulrike
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric
A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde
A1 - Weck, Florian
T1 - The concise measurement of clinical communication skills
BT - Validation of a short scale
JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry
N2 - Objective: There is a lack of brief rating scales for the reliable assessment of psychotherapeutic skills, which do not require intensive rater training and/or a high level of expertise. Thus, the objective is to validate a 14-item version of the Clinical Communication Skills Scale (CCSS-S).
Methods: Using a sample of N = 690 video-based ratings of role-plays with simulated patients, we calculated a confirmatory factor analysis and an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), assessed convergent validities, determined inter-rater reliabilities and compared these with those who were either psychology students, advanced psychotherapy trainees, or experts.
Results: Correlations with other competence rating scales were high (rs > 0.86–0.89). The intraclass correlations ranged between moderate and good [ICC(2,2) = 0.65–0.80], with student raters yielding the lowest scores. The one-factor model only marginally replicated the data, but the internal consistencies were excellent (α = 0.91–95). The ESEM yielded a two-factor solution (Collaboration and Structuring and Exploration Skills).
Conclusion: The CCSS-S is a brief and valid rating scale that reliably assesses basic communication skills, which is particularly useful for psychotherapy training using standardized role-plays. To ensure good inter-rater reliabilities, it is still advisable to employ raters with at least some clinical experience. Future studies should further investigate the one- or two-factor structure of the instrument.
KW - standardized patient
KW - treatment integrity
KW - measurement
KW - therapist competence
KW - role-play
KW - psychotherapy process
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.977324
SN - 1664-0640
VL - 13
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kasper-Marienberg, Verena
T1 - Imperial Transition and Early Modern Jewish Continuities
BT - The Case of Bohemian Jewry
JF - PaRDeS
N2 - This article brings two seemingly disconnected historiographic models of periodization into conversation: Habsburg studies and Habsburg Jewish studies. It argues for an expansion of the temporal frameworks of both fields to highlight historical continuities connecting the Holy Roman and Habsburg Empire at least from a structural perspective. These historical continuums are a useful analytical lens when applied to marginalized groups, like early modern Jews, in tandem with a central group of contemporary powerholders, such as the Habsburg nobility. Using Bohemia as a case study, this essay juxtaposes questions of transregional transfer of cultural, economic, and social capital with the challenges of Jewish marginalization and discrimination to highlight the changing yet interconnected imperial landscapes.
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650224
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 53
EP - 66
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Berkovich, Ilya
T1 - Jewish Mercenaries in Habsburg Service
BT - Soldiers of the Freikorps Grün Loudon (1796–98)
JF - PaRDeS
N2 - This article aims to demonstrate the exceptional potential of Habsburg military records for the study of Jewish history during Europe’s Age of Revolution. We begin with the random discovery of six Jewish veterans of Freikorps Grün Loudon – a unit of mercenary freebooters – which fought for the Habsburgs during the first war against the French Republic (1792 – 97). A careful re-reading of the available archival evidence reveals that these men were the survivors of a much larger group numbering at least two dozen Jewish soldiers. While Jewish conscripts had been drafted into the Habsburg army since 1788, the fact that Jews could also serve – even volunteer – as professional soldiers in that period is completely new to us. When considered together, the personal circumstances and service experiences of the Jewish soldiers of Freikorps Grün Loudon enable us to make several observations about their motivation as well as their position vis-à-vis their non-Jewish comrades.
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650239
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 69
EP - 79
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Czakai, Johannes
T1 - Between Legibility, Emancipation, and Markers of “Otherness”
BT - The Habsburg Empire and the Names of Jews
JF - PaRDeS
N2 - The article analyzes the interdependences between the history of the Habsburg Empire and the names of its Jewish inhabitants. Until today, these names tell stories about this close relationship and they are an everlasting symbol of this era. By focusing on names, this paper shows how state policies towards Jews shifted over time, and how the perspective on names and name regulations can be a tool to connect and investigate both Habsburg and Jewish studies.
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650249
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 81
EP - 89
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stechauner, Martin
T1 - “Domestic Foreigners”
BT - The Trans-Imperial Loyalties of Sephardic Jews in Vienna
JF - PaRDeS
N2 - This paper examines the relationship between the Sephardic Jewish community of Vienna and the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires in the latter half of the 19th century. The community’s legal status was transformed following the emancipation of Austrian Jews, but very few first-hand accounts of these changes exist today. The primary sources analyzed in this paper are Judezmo-language newspapers published in Vienna at that time. The paper emphasizes the historical and political contexts surrounding these sources, particularly the community’s close ties to the Ottoman and Habsburg regimes.
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650260
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 103
EP - 112
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dodou, Lida-Maria
T1 - “Austrian,” “Jewish,” “Salonican”
BT - The Multiple Aspects of Belonging of Salonican Jews in the Fin-de-Siècle Habsburg Empire
JF - PaRDeS
N2 - Even though Salonican Jews are not typically associated with the Habsburg Empire, some of them, nonetheless, lived there. This paper aims to examine the formation of these Salonican Jews’ (self-)identification by studying their social interactions with the local Viennese population such as the Viennese Sephardi or the Greek-Orthodox communities. The change of the milieu within which they found themselves subsequently impacted their self-perception. Thus, the issue of the surrounding environment and their relations with other groups became central to their self-understanding, as will be demonstrated. By examining different aspects, like migration patterns, financial decisions and family ties, one can understand how their intersection influenced Salonica Jews’ self-identification, which, at the same time, shaped and was shaped by the surrounding milieu. Within this framework, these people perceived themselves and were perceived as Salonican, Sephardi, Jewish, and as subjects of the Emperor.
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650271
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 115
EP - 123
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maślak-Maciejewska, Alicja
T1 - Shared Spaces
BT - Jews in Public Schools in Galicia
JF - PaRDeS
N2 - Galicia was home to the largest Jewish population of the Cisleithanian part of the Habsburg Empire. After the Josephinian “German-Jewish schools” had closed already in 1806, educational patterns differed from those in Moravia and Bohemia, where Jewish children received a secular education in a more consistent “Jewish” space. In Galicia in the constitutional era (post-1867), however, with mandatory education enforced, public schools became a shared space in which Jews and (Catholic) Christians functioned together. In Galicia, most Jewish children received public education but usually constituted a religious minority in the student body. The article analyzes how the school space, calendar, and routines were adjusted to accommodate the multi-religious character of the student body.
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650253
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 91
EP - 100
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Piskačová, Zora
T1 - Agnieszka Wierzcholska, Nur Erinnerungen und Steine sind geblieben. Leben und Sterben einer polnisch-jüdischen Stadt: Tarnów 1918 – 1945 (Paderborn: Brill-Schöningh Verlag, 2022), 665 pp.
JF - PaRDeS
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650538
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 163
EP - 167
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nasr, Omar T.
A1 - Corbett, Tim
T1 - Diversifying Modern Austrian History
BT - Exploring Parallels and Intersections between Jewish and Muslim Histories in Austria
JF - PaRDeS
N2 - Jews and Muslims have lived in the territory of modern-day Austria for centuries untold, yet often continue to be construed as the essential “other.” This essay explores a selection of sometimes divergent, sometimes convergent historical experiences amongst these two broad population groups, focusing specifically on demographic diversity, community-building, discrimination and persecution, and the post-war situation. The ultimate aim is to illuminate paradigmatically through the Austrian case study the complex multicultural mosaic of historical Central Europe, the understanding of which, so our contention, sheds a critical light on the often divisive present-day debates concerning immigration and diversity in Austria and Central Europe more broadly. It furthermore opens up a hitherto understudied field of historical research, namely the entangled history of Jews and Muslims in modern Europe.
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650290
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 137
EP - 147
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bornhorst, Dorothee
A1 - Seyfried, Salim
T1 - Strong as a hippo’s heart
BT - Biomechanical hippo signaling during zebrafish cardiac development
JF - Frontiers in cell and developmental biology
N2 - The heart is comprised of multiple tissues that contribute to its physiological functions. During development, the growth of myocardium and endocardium is coupled and morphogenetic processes within these separate tissue layers are integrated. Here, we discuss the roles of mechanosensitive Hippo signaling in growth and morphogenesis of the zebrafish heart. Hippo signaling is involved in defining numbers of cardiac progenitor cells derived from the secondary heart field, in restricting the growth of the epicardium, and in guiding trabeculation and outflow tract formation. Recent work also shows that myocardial chamber dimensions serve as a blueprint for Hippo signaling-dependent growth of the endocardium. Evidently, Hippo pathway components act at the crossroads of various signaling pathways involved in embryonic zebrafish heart development. Elucidating how biomechanical Hippo signaling guides heart morphogenesis has direct implications for our understanding of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
KW - Hippo signaling
KW - Yap1/Wwtr1 (Taz)
KW - cardiac development
KW - mechanobiology
KW - endocardium
KW - myocardium
KW - zebrafish
KW - intra-organ-communication
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.731101
SN - 2296-634X
VL - 9
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - CHAP
ED - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer
ED - Feldmeier, Achim
ED - Oskinova, Lidia M.
T1 - Clumping in hot-star winds : proceedings of an international workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 18. - 22. June 2007
N2 - Stellar winds play an important role for the evolution of massive stars and their cosmic environment. Multiple lines of evidence, coming from spectroscopy, polarimetry, variability, stellar ejecta, and hydrodynamic modeling, suggest that stellar winds are non-stationary and inhomogeneous. This is referred to as 'wind clumping'. The urgent need to understand this phenomenon is boosted by its far-reaching implications. Most importantly, all techniques to derive empirical mass-loss rates are more or less corrupted by wind clumping. Consequently, mass-loss rates are extremely uncertain. Within their range of uncertainty, completely different scenarios for the evolution of massive stars are obtained. Settling these questions for Galactic OB, LBV and Wolf-Rayet stars is prerequisite to understanding stellar clusters and galaxies, or predicting the properties of first-generation stars. In order to develop a consistent picture and understanding of clumped stellar winds, an international workshop on 'Clumping in Hot Star Winds' was held in Potsdam, Germany, from 18. - 22. June 2007. About 60 participants, comprising almost all leading experts in the field, gathered for one week of extensive exchange and discussion. The Scientific Organizing Committee (SOC) included John Brown (Glasgow), Joseph Cassinelli (Madison), Paul Crowther (Sheffield), Alex Fullerton (Baltimore), Wolf-Rainer Hamann (Potsdam, chair), Anthony Moffat (Montreal), Stan Owocki (Newark), and Joachim Puls (Munich). These proceedings contain the invited and contributed talks presented at the workshop, and document the extensive discussions.
KW - Sternwinde
KW - Massenverlust
KW - Strahlungstransport
KW - hydrodynamische Modellierung
KW - massereiche Sterne
KW - stellar winds
KW - mass loss
KW - radiative transfer
KW - hydrodynamic modeling
KW - massive stars
Y1 - 2007
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13981
SN - 978-3-940793-33-1
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Martin, Johannes
T1 - Synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates and block copolymers via sortase-mediated ligation
N2 - In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten haben therapeutische Proteine in der pharmazeutischen Industrie mehr und mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen. Werden Proteine nichtmenschlichen Ursprungs verwendet, kann es jedoch zu einer Immunreaktion kommen, sodass das Protein sehr schnell aus dem Körper ausgeschieden oder abgebaut wird. Um die Zirkulationszeit im Blut signifikant zu verlängern, werden die Proteine mit synthetischen Polymeren modifiziert (Protein-Polymer-Konjugate). Die Proteine aller heute auf dem Markt erhältlichen Medikamente dieser Art tragen eine oder mehrere Polymerketten aus Poly(ethylenglycol) (PEG). Ein Nachteil der PEGylierung ist, dass viele Patienten bei regelmäßiger Einnahme dieser Medikamente Antikörper gegen PEG entwickeln, die den effizienzsteigernden Effekt der PEGylierung wieder aufheben.
Ein weiterer Nachteil der PEGylierung ist die oftmals deutlich verringerte Aktivität der Konjugate im Vergleich zum nativen Protein. Der Grund dafür ist die Herstellungsmethode der Konjugate, bei der meist die primären Amine der Lysin-Seitenketten und der N-Terminus des Proteins genutzt werden. Da die meisten Proteine mehrere gut zugängliche Lysine aufweisen, werden oft unterschiedliche und teilweise mehrere Lysine mit PEG funktionalisiert, was zu einer Mischung an Regioisomeren führt. Je nach Position der PEG-Kette kann das aktive Zentrum abgeschirmt oder die 3D-Struktur des Proteins verändert werden, was zu einem teilweise drastischen Aktivitätsabfall führt.
In dieser Arbeit wurde eine neuartige Methode zur Ligation von Makromolekülen untersucht. Die Verwendung eines Enzyms als Katalysator zur Verbindung zweier Makromoleküle ist bisher wenig untersucht und ineffizient. Als Enzym wurde Sortase A ausgewählt, eine gut untersuchte Ligase aus der Familie der Transpeptidasen, welche die Ligation zweier Peptide katalysieren kann.
Ein Nachteil dieser Sortase-vermittelten Ligation ist, dass es sich um eine Gleichgewichtsreaktion handelt, wodurch hohe Ausbeuten schwierig zu erreichen sind. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurden zwei zuvor entwickelte Methoden zur Verschiebung des Gleichgewichts ohne Einsatz eines großen Überschusses von einem Edukt für Makromoleküle überprüft.
Zur Durchführung der Sortase-vermittelten Ligation werden zwei komplementäre Peptidsequenzen verwendet, die Erkennungssequenz und das Nukleophil. Um eine systematische Untersuchung durchführen zu können, wurden alle nötigen Bausteine (Protein-Erkennungssequenz zur Reaktion mit Nukleophil-Polymer und Polymer-Erkennungssequenz mit Nukleophil-Protein) hergestellt. Als Polymerisationstechnik wurde die radikalische Polymerisation mit reversibler Deaktivierung (im Detail, Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization, ATRP und Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer, RAFT polymerization) gewählt, um eine enge Molmassenverteilung zu erreichen.
Die Herstellung der Bausteine begann mit der Synthese der Peptide via automatisierter Festphasen-Peptidsynthese, um eine einfache Änderung der Peptidsequenz zu gewährleisten und um eine Modifizierung der Polymerkette nach der Polymerisation zu umgehen. Um die benötigte unterschiedliche Funktionalität der zwei Peptidsequenzen (freier C-Terminus bei der Erkennungssequenz bzw. freier N-Terminus bei dem Nukleophil) zu erreichen, wurden verschiedene Linker zwischen Harz und Peptid verwendet. Danach wurde der Kettenüberträger (chain transfer agent, CTA) zur Kontrolle der Polymerisation mit dem auf dem Harz befindlichen Peptid gekoppelt. Die für die anschließende Polymerisation verwendeten Monomere basierten auf Acrylamiden und Acrylaten und wurden anhand ihrer Eignung als Alternativen zu PEG ausgewählt. Es wurde eine kürzlich entwickelte Technik basierend auf der RAFT-Polymerisation (xanthate-supported photo-iniferter RAFT, XPI-RAFT) verwendet um eine Reihe an Peptid-Polymeren mit unterschiedlichen Molekulargewichten und engen Molekulargewichtsverteilungen herzustellen. Nach Entfernung der Schutzgruppen der Peptid-Seitenketten wurden die Peptid-Polymere zunächst genutzt, um mittels Sortase-vermittelter Ligation zwei Polymerketten zu einem Blockcopolymer zu verbinden. Unter Verwendung von Ni2+-Ionen in Kombination mit einer Verlängerung der Erkennungssequenz um ein Histidin zur Unterdrückung der Rückreaktion konnte ein maximaler Umsatz von 70 % erreicht werden. Dabei zeigte sich ein oberes Limit von durchschnittlich 100 Wiederholungseinheiten; die Ligation von längeren Polymeren war nicht erfolgreich.
Danach wurden ein Modellprotein und ein Nanobody mit vielversprechenden medizinischen Eigenschaften mit den für die enzymkatalysierte Ligation benötigten Peptidsequenzen für die Kopplung mit den zuvor hergestellten Peptid-Polymeren verwendet. Dabei konnte bei Verwendung des Modellproteins keine Bildung von Protein-Polymer-Konjugaten beobachtet werden.
Der Nanobody konnte dagegen C-terminal mit einem Polymer funktionalisiert werden. Dabei wurde eine ähnliche Limitierung in der Polymer-Kettenlänge beobachtet wie zuvor. Die auf Ni-Ionen basierte Strategie zur Gleichgewichtsverschiebung hatte hier keinen ausschlaggebenden Effekt, während die Verwendung von einem Überschuss an Polymer zur vollständigen Umsetzung des Edukt-Nanobody führte.
Die erhaltenen Daten aus diesem Projekt bilden eine gute Basis für weitere Forschung in dem vielversprechenden Feld der enzymkatalysierten Herstellung von Protein-Polymer-Konjugaten und Blockcopolymeren. Langfristig könnte diese Herangehensweise eine vielseitig einsetzbare Herstellungsmethode von ortsspezifischen therapeutischen Protein-Polymer Konjugaten darstellen, welche sowohl eine hohe Aktivität als auch eine lange Zirkulationszeit im Blut aufweisen.
N2 - During the last decades, therapeutical proteins have risen to great significance in the pharmaceutical industry. As non-human proteins that are introduced into the human body cause a distinct immune system reaction that triggers their rapid clearance, most newly approved protein pharmaceuticals are shielded by modification with synthetic polymers to significantly improve their blood circulation time. All such clinically approved protein-polymer conjugates contain polyethylene glycol (PEG) and its conjugation is denoted as PEGylation. However, many patients develop anti-PEG antibodies which cause a rapid clearance of PEGylated molecules upon repeated administration. Therefore, the search for alternative polymers that can replace PEG in therapeutic applications has become important. In addition, although the blood circulation time is significantly prolonged, the therapeutic activity of some conjugates is decreased compared to the unmodified protein. The reason is that these conjugates are formed by the traditional conjugation method that addresses the protein's lysine side chains. As proteins have many solvent exposed lysines, this results in a somewhat uncontrolled attachment of polymer chains, leading to a mixture of regioisomers, with some of them eventually affecting the therapeutic performance.
This thesis investigates a novel method for ligating macromolecules in a site-specific manner, using enzymatic catalysis. Sortase A is used as the enzyme: It is a well-studied transpeptidase which is able to catalyze the intermolecular ligation of two peptides. This process is commonly referred to as sortase-mediated ligation (SML). SML constitutes an equilibrium reaction, which limits product yield. Two previously reported methods to overcome this major limitation were tested with polymers without using an excessive amount of one reactant.
Specific C- or N-terminal peptide sequences (recognition sequence and nucleophile) as part of the protein are required for SML. The complementary peptide was located at the polymer chain end. Grafting-to was used to avoid damaging the protein during polymerization. To be able to investigate all possible combinations (protein-recognition sequence and nucleophile-protein as well as polymer-recognition sequence and nucleophile-polymer) all necessary building blocks were synthesized. Polymerization via reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) was used to achieve a narrow molecular weight distribution of the polymers, which is required for therapeutic use.
The synthesis of the polymeric building blocks was started by synthesizing the peptide via automated solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) to avoid post-polymerization attachment and to enable easy adaptation of changes in the peptide sequence. To account for the different functionalities (free N- or C-terminus) required for SML, different linker molecules between resin and peptide were used.
To facilitate purification, the chain transfer agent (CTA) for reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization was coupled to the resin-immobilized recognition sequence peptide. The acrylamide and acrylate-based monomers used in this thesis were chosen for their potential to replace PEG.
Following that, surface-initiated (SI) ATRP and RAFT polymerization were attempted, but failed. As a result, the newly developed method of xanthate-supported photo-iniferter (XPI) RAFT polymerization in solution was used successfully to obtain a library of various peptide-polymer conjugates with different chain lengths and narrow molar mass distributions.
After peptide side chain deprotection, these constructs were used first to ligate two polymers via SML, which was successful but revealed a limit in polymer chain length (max. 100 repeat units). When utilizing equimolar amounts of reactants, the use of Ni2+ ions in combination with a histidine after the recognition sequence to remove the cleaved peptide from the equilibrium maximized product formation with conversions of up to 70 %.
Finally, a model protein and a nanobody with promising properties for therapeutical use were biotechnologically modified to contain the peptide sequences required for SML. Using the model protein for C- or N-terminal SML with various polymers did not result in protein-polymer conjugates. The reason is most likely the lack of accessibility of the protein termini to the enzyme. Using the nanobody for C-terminal SML, on the other hand, was successful. However, a similar polymer chain length limit was observed as in polymer-polymer SML. Furthermore, in case of the synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates, it was more effective to shift the SML equilibrium by using an excess of polymer than by employing the Ni2+ ion strategy.
Overall, the experimental data from this work provides a good foundation for future research in this promising field; however, more research is required to fully understand the potential and limitations of using SML for protein-polymer synthesis. In future, the method explored in this dissertation could prove to be a very versatile pathway to obtain therapeutic protein-polymer conjugates that exhibit high activities and long blood circulation times.
KW - biohybrid molecules
KW - sortaseA
KW - polymerization
KW - RAFT
KW - ATRP
KW - peptide synthesis
KW - enzymatic conjugation
KW - sortagging
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-645669
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Videla, Santiago
T1 - Reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks with answer set programming
T1 - Modellierung Logischer Signalnetzwerke mittels Antwortmengenprogrammierung
N2 - Deciphering the functioning of biological networks is one of the central tasks in systems biology. In particular, signal transduction networks are crucial for the understanding of the cellular response to external and internal perturbations. Importantly, in order to cope with the complexity of these networks, mathematical and computational modeling is required. We propose a computational modeling framework in order to achieve more robust discoveries in the context of logical signaling networks. More precisely, we focus on modeling the response of logical signaling networks by means of automated reasoning using Answer Set Programming (ASP). ASP provides a declarative language for modeling various knowledge representation and reasoning problems. Moreover, available ASP solvers provide several reasoning modes for assessing the multitude of answer sets. Therefore, leveraging its rich modeling language and its highly efficient solving capacities, we use ASP to address three challenging problems in the context of logical signaling networks: learning of (Boolean) logical networks, experimental design, and identification of intervention strategies. Overall, the contribution of this thesis is three-fold. Firstly, we introduce a mathematical framework for characterizing and reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks. Secondly, we contribute to a growing list of successful applications of ASP in systems biology. Thirdly, we present a software providing a complete pipeline for automated reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks.
N2 - Deciphering the functioning of biological networks is one of the central tasks in systems biology. In particular, signal transduction networks are crucial for the understanding of the cellular response to external and internal perturbations. Importantly, in order to cope with the complexity of these networks, mathematical and computational modeling is required. We propose a computational modeling framework in order to achieve more robust discoveries in the context of logical signaling networks. More precisely, we focus on modeling the response of logical signaling networks by means of automated reasoning using Answer Set Programming (ASP). ASP provides a declarative language for modeling various knowledge representation and reasoning problems. Moreover, available ASP solvers provide several reasoning modes for assessing the multitude of answer sets. Therefore, leveraging its rich modeling language and its highly efficient solving capacities, we use ASP to address three challenging problems in the context of logical signaling networks: learning of (Boolean) logical networks, experimental design, and identification of intervention strategies. Overall, the contribution of this thesis is three-fold. Firstly, we introduce a mathematical framework for characterizing and reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks. Secondly, we contribute to a growing list of successful applications of ASP in systems biology. Thirdly, we present a software providing a complete pipeline for automated reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks.
KW - Systembiologie
KW - logische Signalnetzwerke
KW - Antwortmengenprogrammierung
KW - systems biology
KW - logical signaling networks
KW - answer set programming
Y1 - 2014
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71890
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heimann-Jelinek, Felicitas
T1 - What was “Jewish” about the Old Jewish Museum of Vienna?
JF - PaRDeS
N2 - The Jewish museums established in the fin-de-siècle Habsburg Empire postulated the unity of “the Jewish people,” with custodians constructing an “us” (Jews) in distinction to the “other” (non-Jews). In the difference-oriented frenzy of the time, Jewish identity was predominantly presented as Central European, enlightened, not overly religious, and middle-class. Then, when the Viennese Jewish Museum opened its doors in 1895, the painters Isidor Kaufmann and David Kohn created an installation called “Die Gute Stube” (The Parlor). This exhibit housed books, furniture, as well as decorative and ritual objects of the kind that were thought to be found in typical Eastern European Jewish households. However, as this article argues, this attempted visualization of the essence of Judaism and the range of Jewish life worlds promoted a paradigmatic stereotype with which Jewish museums would have to struggle for decades to come.
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650283
SN - 978-3-86956-574-3
SN - 1614-6492
SN - 1862-7684
IS - 29
SP - 125
EP - 134
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -