TY - JOUR A1 - Piskačová, Zora T1 - Agnieszka Wierzcholska, Nur Erinnerungen und Steine sind geblieben. Leben und Sterben einer polnisch-jüdischen Stadt: Tarnów 1918 – 1945 (Paderborn: Brill-Schöningh Verlag, 2022), 665 pp. JF - PaRDeS Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650538 SN - 978-3-86956-574-3 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 29 SP - 163 EP - 167 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nasr, Omar T. A1 - Corbett, Tim T1 - Diversifying Modern Austrian History BT - Exploring Parallels and Intersections between Jewish and Muslim Histories in Austria JF - PaRDeS N2 - Jews and Muslims have lived in the territory of modern-day Austria for centuries untold, yet often continue to be construed as the essential “other.” This essay explores a selection of sometimes divergent, sometimes convergent historical experiences amongst these two broad population groups, focusing specifically on demographic diversity, community-building, discrimination and persecution, and the post-war situation. The ultimate aim is to illuminate paradigmatically through the Austrian case study the complex multicultural mosaic of historical Central Europe, the understanding of which, so our contention, sheds a critical light on the often divisive present-day debates concerning immigration and diversity in Austria and Central Europe more broadly. It furthermore opens up a hitherto understudied field of historical research, namely the entangled history of Jews and Muslims in modern Europe. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650290 SN - 978-3-86956-574-3 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 29 SP - 137 EP - 147 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP ED - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer ED - Feldmeier, Achim ED - Oskinova, Lidia M. T1 - Clumping in hot-star winds : proceedings of an international workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 18. - 22. June 2007 N2 - Stellar winds play an important role for the evolution of massive stars and their cosmic environment. Multiple lines of evidence, coming from spectroscopy, polarimetry, variability, stellar ejecta, and hydrodynamic modeling, suggest that stellar winds are non-stationary and inhomogeneous. This is referred to as 'wind clumping'. The urgent need to understand this phenomenon is boosted by its far-reaching implications. Most importantly, all techniques to derive empirical mass-loss rates are more or less corrupted by wind clumping. Consequently, mass-loss rates are extremely uncertain. Within their range of uncertainty, completely different scenarios for the evolution of massive stars are obtained. Settling these questions for Galactic OB, LBV and Wolf-Rayet stars is prerequisite to understanding stellar clusters and galaxies, or predicting the properties of first-generation stars. In order to develop a consistent picture and understanding of clumped stellar winds, an international workshop on 'Clumping in Hot Star Winds' was held in Potsdam, Germany, from 18. - 22. June 2007. About 60 participants, comprising almost all leading experts in the field, gathered for one week of extensive exchange and discussion. The Scientific Organizing Committee (SOC) included John Brown (Glasgow), Joseph Cassinelli (Madison), Paul Crowther (Sheffield), Alex Fullerton (Baltimore), Wolf-Rainer Hamann (Potsdam, chair), Anthony Moffat (Montreal), Stan Owocki (Newark), and Joachim Puls (Munich). These proceedings contain the invited and contributed talks presented at the workshop, and document the extensive discussions. KW - Sternwinde KW - Massenverlust KW - Strahlungstransport KW - hydrodynamische Modellierung KW - massereiche Sterne KW - stellar winds KW - mass loss KW - radiative transfer KW - hydrodynamic modeling KW - massive stars Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13981 SN - 978-3-940793-33-1 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Martin, Johannes T1 - Synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates and block copolymers via sortase-mediated ligation N2 - In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten haben therapeutische Proteine in der pharmazeutischen Industrie mehr und mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen. Werden Proteine nichtmenschlichen Ursprungs verwendet, kann es jedoch zu einer Immunreaktion kommen, sodass das Protein sehr schnell aus dem Körper ausgeschieden oder abgebaut wird. Um die Zirkulationszeit im Blut signifikant zu verlängern, werden die Proteine mit synthetischen Polymeren modifiziert (Protein-Polymer-Konjugate). Die Proteine aller heute auf dem Markt erhältlichen Medikamente dieser Art tragen eine oder mehrere Polymerketten aus Poly(ethylenglycol) (PEG). Ein Nachteil der PEGylierung ist, dass viele Patienten bei regelmäßiger Einnahme dieser Medikamente Antikörper gegen PEG entwickeln, die den effizienzsteigernden Effekt der PEGylierung wieder aufheben. Ein weiterer Nachteil der PEGylierung ist die oftmals deutlich verringerte Aktivität der Konjugate im Vergleich zum nativen Protein. Der Grund dafür ist die Herstellungsmethode der Konjugate, bei der meist die primären Amine der Lysin-Seitenketten und der N-Terminus des Proteins genutzt werden. Da die meisten Proteine mehrere gut zugängliche Lysine aufweisen, werden oft unterschiedliche und teilweise mehrere Lysine mit PEG funktionalisiert, was zu einer Mischung an Regioisomeren führt. Je nach Position der PEG-Kette kann das aktive Zentrum abgeschirmt oder die 3D-Struktur des Proteins verändert werden, was zu einem teilweise drastischen Aktivitätsabfall führt. In dieser Arbeit wurde eine neuartige Methode zur Ligation von Makromolekülen untersucht. Die Verwendung eines Enzyms als Katalysator zur Verbindung zweier Makromoleküle ist bisher wenig untersucht und ineffizient. Als Enzym wurde Sortase A ausgewählt, eine gut untersuchte Ligase aus der Familie der Transpeptidasen, welche die Ligation zweier Peptide katalysieren kann. Ein Nachteil dieser Sortase-vermittelten Ligation ist, dass es sich um eine Gleichgewichtsreaktion handelt, wodurch hohe Ausbeuten schwierig zu erreichen sind. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurden zwei zuvor entwickelte Methoden zur Verschiebung des Gleichgewichts ohne Einsatz eines großen Überschusses von einem Edukt für Makromoleküle überprüft. Zur Durchführung der Sortase-vermittelten Ligation werden zwei komplementäre Peptidsequenzen verwendet, die Erkennungssequenz und das Nukleophil. Um eine systematische Untersuchung durchführen zu können, wurden alle nötigen Bausteine (Protein-Erkennungssequenz zur Reaktion mit Nukleophil-Polymer und Polymer-Erkennungssequenz mit Nukleophil-Protein) hergestellt. Als Polymerisationstechnik wurde die radikalische Polymerisation mit reversibler Deaktivierung (im Detail, Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization, ATRP und Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer, RAFT polymerization) gewählt, um eine enge Molmassenverteilung zu erreichen. Die Herstellung der Bausteine begann mit der Synthese der Peptide via automatisierter Festphasen-Peptidsynthese, um eine einfache Änderung der Peptidsequenz zu gewährleisten und um eine Modifizierung der Polymerkette nach der Polymerisation zu umgehen. Um die benötigte unterschiedliche Funktionalität der zwei Peptidsequenzen (freier C-Terminus bei der Erkennungssequenz bzw. freier N-Terminus bei dem Nukleophil) zu erreichen, wurden verschiedene Linker zwischen Harz und Peptid verwendet. Danach wurde der Kettenüberträger (chain transfer agent, CTA) zur Kontrolle der Polymerisation mit dem auf dem Harz befindlichen Peptid gekoppelt. Die für die anschließende Polymerisation verwendeten Monomere basierten auf Acrylamiden und Acrylaten und wurden anhand ihrer Eignung als Alternativen zu PEG ausgewählt. Es wurde eine kürzlich entwickelte Technik basierend auf der RAFT-Polymerisation (xanthate-supported photo-iniferter RAFT, XPI-RAFT) verwendet um eine Reihe an Peptid-Polymeren mit unterschiedlichen Molekulargewichten und engen Molekulargewichtsverteilungen herzustellen. Nach Entfernung der Schutzgruppen der Peptid-Seitenketten wurden die Peptid-Polymere zunächst genutzt, um mittels Sortase-vermittelter Ligation zwei Polymerketten zu einem Blockcopolymer zu verbinden. Unter Verwendung von Ni2+-Ionen in Kombination mit einer Verlängerung der Erkennungssequenz um ein Histidin zur Unterdrückung der Rückreaktion konnte ein maximaler Umsatz von 70 % erreicht werden. Dabei zeigte sich ein oberes Limit von durchschnittlich 100 Wiederholungseinheiten; die Ligation von längeren Polymeren war nicht erfolgreich. Danach wurden ein Modellprotein und ein Nanobody mit vielversprechenden medizinischen Eigenschaften mit den für die enzymkatalysierte Ligation benötigten Peptidsequenzen für die Kopplung mit den zuvor hergestellten Peptid-Polymeren verwendet. Dabei konnte bei Verwendung des Modellproteins keine Bildung von Protein-Polymer-Konjugaten beobachtet werden. Der Nanobody konnte dagegen C-terminal mit einem Polymer funktionalisiert werden. Dabei wurde eine ähnliche Limitierung in der Polymer-Kettenlänge beobachtet wie zuvor. Die auf Ni-Ionen basierte Strategie zur Gleichgewichtsverschiebung hatte hier keinen ausschlaggebenden Effekt, während die Verwendung von einem Überschuss an Polymer zur vollständigen Umsetzung des Edukt-Nanobody führte. Die erhaltenen Daten aus diesem Projekt bilden eine gute Basis für weitere Forschung in dem vielversprechenden Feld der enzymkatalysierten Herstellung von Protein-Polymer-Konjugaten und Blockcopolymeren. Langfristig könnte diese Herangehensweise eine vielseitig einsetzbare Herstellungsmethode von ortsspezifischen therapeutischen Protein-Polymer Konjugaten darstellen, welche sowohl eine hohe Aktivität als auch eine lange Zirkulationszeit im Blut aufweisen. N2 - During the last decades, therapeutical proteins have risen to great significance in the pharmaceutical industry. As non-human proteins that are introduced into the human body cause a distinct immune system reaction that triggers their rapid clearance, most newly approved protein pharmaceuticals are shielded by modification with synthetic polymers to significantly improve their blood circulation time. All such clinically approved protein-polymer conjugates contain polyethylene glycol (PEG) and its conjugation is denoted as PEGylation. However, many patients develop anti-PEG antibodies which cause a rapid clearance of PEGylated molecules upon repeated administration. Therefore, the search for alternative polymers that can replace PEG in therapeutic applications has become important. In addition, although the blood circulation time is significantly prolonged, the therapeutic activity of some conjugates is decreased compared to the unmodified protein. The reason is that these conjugates are formed by the traditional conjugation method that addresses the protein's lysine side chains. As proteins have many solvent exposed lysines, this results in a somewhat uncontrolled attachment of polymer chains, leading to a mixture of regioisomers, with some of them eventually affecting the therapeutic performance. This thesis investigates a novel method for ligating macromolecules in a site-specific manner, using enzymatic catalysis. Sortase A is used as the enzyme: It is a well-studied transpeptidase which is able to catalyze the intermolecular ligation of two peptides. This process is commonly referred to as sortase-mediated ligation (SML). SML constitutes an equilibrium reaction, which limits product yield. Two previously reported methods to overcome this major limitation were tested with polymers without using an excessive amount of one reactant. Specific C- or N-terminal peptide sequences (recognition sequence and nucleophile) as part of the protein are required for SML. The complementary peptide was located at the polymer chain end. Grafting-to was used to avoid damaging the protein during polymerization. To be able to investigate all possible combinations (protein-recognition sequence and nucleophile-protein as well as polymer-recognition sequence and nucleophile-polymer) all necessary building blocks were synthesized. Polymerization via reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) was used to achieve a narrow molecular weight distribution of the polymers, which is required for therapeutic use. The synthesis of the polymeric building blocks was started by synthesizing the peptide via automated solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) to avoid post-polymerization attachment and to enable easy adaptation of changes in the peptide sequence. To account for the different functionalities (free N- or C-terminus) required for SML, different linker molecules between resin and peptide were used. To facilitate purification, the chain transfer agent (CTA) for reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization was coupled to the resin-immobilized recognition sequence peptide. The acrylamide and acrylate-based monomers used in this thesis were chosen for their potential to replace PEG. Following that, surface-initiated (SI) ATRP and RAFT polymerization were attempted, but failed. As a result, the newly developed method of xanthate-supported photo-iniferter (XPI) RAFT polymerization in solution was used successfully to obtain a library of various peptide-polymer conjugates with different chain lengths and narrow molar mass distributions. After peptide side chain deprotection, these constructs were used first to ligate two polymers via SML, which was successful but revealed a limit in polymer chain length (max. 100 repeat units). When utilizing equimolar amounts of reactants, the use of Ni2+ ions in combination with a histidine after the recognition sequence to remove the cleaved peptide from the equilibrium maximized product formation with conversions of up to 70 %. Finally, a model protein and a nanobody with promising properties for therapeutical use were biotechnologically modified to contain the peptide sequences required for SML. Using the model protein for C- or N-terminal SML with various polymers did not result in protein-polymer conjugates. The reason is most likely the lack of accessibility of the protein termini to the enzyme. Using the nanobody for C-terminal SML, on the other hand, was successful. However, a similar polymer chain length limit was observed as in polymer-polymer SML. Furthermore, in case of the synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates, it was more effective to shift the SML equilibrium by using an excess of polymer than by employing the Ni2+ ion strategy. Overall, the experimental data from this work provides a good foundation for future research in this promising field; however, more research is required to fully understand the potential and limitations of using SML for protein-polymer synthesis. In future, the method explored in this dissertation could prove to be a very versatile pathway to obtain therapeutic protein-polymer conjugates that exhibit high activities and long blood circulation times. KW - biohybrid molecules KW - sortaseA KW - polymerization KW - RAFT KW - ATRP KW - peptide synthesis KW - enzymatic conjugation KW - sortagging Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-645669 ER - TY - THES A1 - Videla, Santiago T1 - Reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks with answer set programming T1 - Modellierung Logischer Signalnetzwerke mittels Antwortmengenprogrammierung N2 - Deciphering the functioning of biological networks is one of the central tasks in systems biology. In particular, signal transduction networks are crucial for the understanding of the cellular response to external and internal perturbations. Importantly, in order to cope with the complexity of these networks, mathematical and computational modeling is required. We propose a computational modeling framework in order to achieve more robust discoveries in the context of logical signaling networks. More precisely, we focus on modeling the response of logical signaling networks by means of automated reasoning using Answer Set Programming (ASP). ASP provides a declarative language for modeling various knowledge representation and reasoning problems. Moreover, available ASP solvers provide several reasoning modes for assessing the multitude of answer sets. Therefore, leveraging its rich modeling language and its highly efficient solving capacities, we use ASP to address three challenging problems in the context of logical signaling networks: learning of (Boolean) logical networks, experimental design, and identification of intervention strategies. Overall, the contribution of this thesis is three-fold. Firstly, we introduce a mathematical framework for characterizing and reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks. Secondly, we contribute to a growing list of successful applications of ASP in systems biology. Thirdly, we present a software providing a complete pipeline for automated reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks. N2 - Deciphering the functioning of biological networks is one of the central tasks in systems biology. In particular, signal transduction networks are crucial for the understanding of the cellular response to external and internal perturbations. Importantly, in order to cope with the complexity of these networks, mathematical and computational modeling is required. We propose a computational modeling framework in order to achieve more robust discoveries in the context of logical signaling networks. More precisely, we focus on modeling the response of logical signaling networks by means of automated reasoning using Answer Set Programming (ASP). ASP provides a declarative language for modeling various knowledge representation and reasoning problems. Moreover, available ASP solvers provide several reasoning modes for assessing the multitude of answer sets. Therefore, leveraging its rich modeling language and its highly efficient solving capacities, we use ASP to address three challenging problems in the context of logical signaling networks: learning of (Boolean) logical networks, experimental design, and identification of intervention strategies. Overall, the contribution of this thesis is three-fold. Firstly, we introduce a mathematical framework for characterizing and reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks. Secondly, we contribute to a growing list of successful applications of ASP in systems biology. Thirdly, we present a software providing a complete pipeline for automated reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks. KW - Systembiologie KW - logische Signalnetzwerke KW - Antwortmengenprogrammierung KW - systems biology KW - logical signaling networks KW - answer set programming Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71890 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heimann-Jelinek, Felicitas T1 - What was “Jewish” about the Old Jewish Museum of Vienna? JF - PaRDeS N2 - The Jewish museums established in the fin-de-siècle Habsburg Empire postulated the unity of “the Jewish people,” with custodians constructing an “us” (Jews) in distinction to the “other” (non-Jews). In the difference-oriented frenzy of the time, Jewish identity was predominantly presented as Central European, enlightened, not overly religious, and middle-class. Then, when the Viennese Jewish Museum opened its doors in 1895, the painters Isidor Kaufmann and David Kohn created an installation called “Die Gute Stube” (The Parlor). This exhibit housed books, furniture, as well as decorative and ritual objects of the kind that were thought to be found in typical Eastern European Jewish households. However, as this article argues, this attempted visualization of the essence of Judaism and the range of Jewish life worlds promoted a paradigmatic stereotype with which Jewish museums would have to struggle for decades to come. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650283 SN - 978-3-86956-574-3 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 29 SP - 125 EP - 134 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, Rafael D. T1 - Renata Segre, Preludio al Ghetto di Venezia: Gli ebrei sotto i dogi (1250 – 1516) (= Studi di storia, 15). (Venezia: Edizioni Ca’ Foscari, 2021). 618 S. JF - PaRDeS Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-651231 SN - 978-3-86956-574-3 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 29 SP - 167 EP - 170 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shapira, Elena T1 - Charles Dellheim, Belonging and Betrayal: How Jews Made the Art World Modern (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2021), 674 pp., 24 col./96 mono illus. JF - PaRDeS Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-651252 SN - 978-3-86956-574-3 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 29 SP - 174 EP - 177 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sidky, Sean T1 - Heike Bauer, Andrea Greenbaum, Sarah Lightman, eds., Jewish Women in Comics: Bodies and Borders (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2023), 296 pp. JF - PaRDeS Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-651268 SN - 978-3-86956-574-3 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 29 SP - 178 EP - 180 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sun, Cheuk Him Ryan T1 - Kathryn Hellerstein and Song Lihong (eds.), China and Ashkenazic Jewry: Transnational Encounters (Munich: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2022), 359 pp. JF - PaRDeS Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-651277 SN - 978-3-86956-574-3 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 29 SP - 181 EP - 185 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava T1 - Andrea Dara Cooper, Gendering Modern Jewish Thought (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2021), 270 pp. JF - PaRDeS Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-651289 SN - 978-3-86956-574-3 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 29 SP - 185 EP - 187 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tusan, Michelle Elizabeth T1 - Jaclyn Granick, International Jewish Humanitarianism in the Age of the Great War (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2021), 418 pp. JF - PaRDeS Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-651291 SN - 978-3-86956-574-3 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 29 SP - 187 EP - 190 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigand, Susanne T1 - Elisheva Baumgarten, Biblical Women and Jewish Daily Life in the Middle Ages (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2022), 288 pp. JF - PaRDeS Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-651300 SN - 978-3-86956-574-3 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 29 SP - 190 EP - 192 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER -