TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Imanuel Clemens T1 - A Secular Tradition BT - Horace Kallen on American Democracy in the United States and Israel JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien N2 - This article focuses on the social philosopher Horace Kallen and the revisions he made to the concept of cultural pluralism that he first developed in the early 20th century, applying it to postwar America and the young State of Israel. It shows how he opposed the assumption that the United States’ social order was based on a “Judeo-Christian tradition.” By constructing pluralism as a civil religion and carving out space for secular self-understandings in midcentury America, Kallen attempted to preserve the integrity of his earlier political visions, developed during World War I, of pluralist societies in the United States and Palestine within an internationalist global order. While his perspective on the State of Israel was largely shaped by his American experiences, he revised his approach to politically functionalizing religious traditions as he tested his American understanding of a secular, pluralist society against the political theology effective in the State of Israel. The trajectory of Kallen’s thought points to fundamental questions about the compatibility of American and Israeli understandings of religion’s function in society and its relation to political belonging, especially in light of their transnational connection through American Jewish support for the recently established state. KW - modern Jewish history KW - United States KW - Israel KW - 20th century KW - Horace Kallen KW - cultural pluralism KW - intellectual history KW - moderne jüdische Geschichte KW - USA KW - Israel KW - 20. Jahrhundert KW - Horace Kallen KW - kultureller Pluralismus KW - Geistesgeschichte Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-532868 SN - 978-3-86956-520-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 27 SP - 85 EP - 100 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwartz, Yitzchak T1 - American Jewish Ideas in a Transnational Jewish World, 1843–1900 JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien N2 - As mid-19th-century American Jews introduced radical changes to their religious observance and began to define Judaism in new ways, to what extent did they engage with European Jewish ideas? Historians often approach religious change among Jews from German lands during this period as if Jewish immigrants had come to America with one set of ideas that then evolved solely in conversation with their American contexts. Historians have similarly cast the kinds of Judaism Americans created as both unique to America and uniquely American. These characterizations are accurate to an extent. But to what extent did Jewish innovations in the United States take place in conversation with European Jewish developments? Looking to the 19th-century American Jewish press, this paper seeks to understand how American Jews engaged European Judaism in formulating their own ideas, understanding themselves, and understanding their place in world Judaism. KW - modern Jewish history KW - Orthodox Judaism KW - Reform Judaism KW - Isaac Leeser KW - Isaac Mayer Wise KW - print culture KW - 19th century KW - German Jewry KW - United States KW - moderne jüdische Geschichte KW - jüdische Orthodoxie KW - Reformjudentum KW - Isaac Leeser KW - Isaac Mayer Wise KW - 19. Jahrhundert KW - deutsch-jüdische Geschichte KW - USA Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-532835 SN - 978-3-86956-520-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 27 SP - 39 EP - 52 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czendze, Oskar T1 - In Search of Belonging BT - Galician Jewish Immigrants Between New York and Eastern Europe, 1890–1938 JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien N2 - More than 200,000 Jews left the Habsburg province of Galicia between 1881 and 1910. No longer living in the places of their childhood, they settled in urban centers, such as in New York’s Lower East Side. In this neighborhood, Galician Jews began to search for new relationships that linked the places they left and the ones where they arrived and settled. By looking at Galicia through the lens of autobiographical writings by former Jewish immigrants who became established residents of New York, this article emphasizes the role of regionalism in the context of transnational conceptions of a new American Jewish self-understanding. It argues that the key to analyzing the evolution of “eastern Europe” as a common place of origin for American Jewry is the constant dialogue between the places of origin and arrival. Specifically, philanthropic efforts during and after the First World War and the proliferation of tourism both enabled these settled immigrants to gradually replace regional notions, such as the idea of Galicia, with a mythical image of eastern Europe to create a sense of community as American Jews. KW - modern Jewish history KW - United States KW - East European Jewish history KW - 19th century KW - 20th century KW - Galicia KW - memory studies KW - travel KW - moderne jüdische Geschichte KW - USA KW - osteuropäisch-jüdische Geschichte KW - 19. Jahrhundert KW - 20. Jahrhundert KW - Galizien KW - Memory studies KW - Reisen Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-532857 SN - 978-3-86956-520-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 27 SP - 69 EP - 83 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bachelet, Marion A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Koch, Nicolas T1 - What if working from home will stick? BT - Distributional and climate impacts for Germany T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic created the largest experiment in working from home. We study how persistent telework may change energy and transport consumption and costs in Germany to assess the distributional and environmental implications when working from home will stick. Based on data from the German Microcensus and available classifications of working-from-home feasibility for different occupations, we calculate the change in energy consumption and travel to work when 15% of employees work full time from home. Our findings suggest that telework translates into an annual increase in heating energy expenditure of 110 euros per worker and a decrease in transport expenditure of 840 euros per worker. All income groups would gain from telework but high-income workers gain twice as much as low-income workers. The value of time saving is between 1.3 and 6 times greater than the savings from reduced travel costs and almost 9 times higher for high-income workers than low-income workers. The direct effects on CO₂ emissions due to reduced car commuting amount to 4.5 millions tons of CO₂, representing around 3 percent of carbon emissions in the transport sector. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 41 KW - commuting KW - home office KW - COVID-19 KW - energy expenditure KW - carbon emissions Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-532384 SN - 2628-653X IS - 41 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kritikos, Alexander A1 - Schiersch, Alexander A1 - Stiel, Caroline T1 - The productivity puzzle in business services T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - In Germany, the productivity of professional services, a sector dominated by micro and small firms, declined by 40 percent between 1995 and 2014. This productivity decline also holds true for professional services in other European countries. Using a German firm-level dataset of 700,000 observations between 2003 and 2017, we analyze this largely uncovered phenomenon among professional services, the 4th largest sector in the EU15 business economy, which provide important intermediate services for the rest of the economy. We show that changes in the value chain explain about half of the decline and the increase in part-time employment is a further minor part of the decline. In contrast to expectations, the entry of micro and small firms, despite their lower productivity levels, is not responsible for the decline. We also cannot confirm the conjecture that weakening competition allows unproductive firms to remain in the market. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 37 KW - business services KW - labor productivity KW - productivity slowdown Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-514536 SN - 2628-653X IS - 37 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zeppenfeld, Stefan T1 - Vom Gast zum Gastwirt? BT - Türkische Arbeitswelten in West-Berlin T2 - Geschichte der Gegenwart N2 - Die Arbeitsmigration zählt zu den prägenden gesellschaftlichen Wandlungsprozessen der deutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte. 14 Millionen »Gastarbeiter« kamen zwischen 1955 und 1973 in die Bundesrepublik, etwa 3 Millionen von ihnen kehrten nicht in ihre Heimatländer zurück. Vor allem Türkeistämmige blieben nach dem Anwerbestopp häufiger in Deutschland als die Arbeitskräfte aus anderen Ländern. Wie keine andere Stadt steht Berlin bis heute für die Einwanderung aus der Türkei. Stefan Zeppenfeld untersucht den Wandel der türkischen Arbeitswelten von ihren Anfängen in den 1960er Jahren bis zur Wiedervereinigung. Ausgehend von der »Gastarbeit« im industriellen Großbetrieb spürt er in seiner Studie am Beispiel West-Berlins dem Übergang in andere Branchen nach. Er zeigt, wie der öffentliche Dienst auch für Migrantinnen und Migranten attraktive Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten eröffnete, zeichnet den schwierigen Weg in die gewerbliche Selbstständigkeit nach und legt illegale Beschäftigungsformen als alternative Verdienstmöglichkeit offen. Damit bettet der Autor die Geschichte der türkischen Arbeitsmigration in die deutsche Zeitgeschichte ein. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-8353-5022-9 IS - 26 PB - Wallstein-Verlag CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Clegg, Mark R. A1 - Wacker, Alexander A1 - Spijkerman, Elly T1 - Phenotypic Diversity and Plasticity of Photoresponse Across an Environmentally Contrasting Family of Phytoflagellates T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Organisms often employ ecophysiological strategies to exploit environmental conditions and ensure bio-energetic success. However, the many complexities involved in the differential expression and flexibility of these strategies are rarely fully understood. Therefore, for the first time, using a three-part cross-disciplinary laboratory experimental analysis, we investigated the diversity and plasticity of photoresponsive traits employed by one family of environmentally contrasting, ecologically important phytoflagellates. The results demonstrated an extensive inter-species phenotypic diversity of behavioural, physiological, and compositional photoresponse across the Chlamydomonadaceae, and a multifaceted intra-species phenotypic plasticity, involving a broad range of beneficial photoacclimation strategies, often attributable to environmental predisposition and phylogenetic differentiation. Deceptively diverse and sophisticated strong (population and individual cell) behavioural photoresponses were observed, with divergence from a general preference for low light (and flexibility) dictated by intra-familial differences in typical habitat (salinity and trophy) and phylogeny. Notably, contrasting lower, narrow, and flexible compared with higher, broad, and stable preferences were observed in freshwater vs. brackish and marine species. Complex diversity and plasticity in physiological and compositional photoresponses were also discovered. Metabolic characteristics (such as growth rates, respiratory costs and photosynthetic capacity, efficiency, compensation and saturation points) varied elaborately with species, typical habitat (often varying more in eutrophic species, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), and culture irradiance (adjusting to optimise energy acquisition and suggesting some propensity for low light). Considerable variations in intracellular pigment and biochemical composition were also recorded. Photosynthetic and accessory pigments (such as chlorophyll a, xanthophyll-cycle components, chlorophyll a:b and chlorophyll a:carotenoid ratios, fatty acid content and saturation ratios) varied with phylogeny and typical habitat (to attune photosystem ratios in different trophic conditions and to optimise shade adaptation, photoprotection, and thylakoid architecture, particularly in freshwater environments), and changed with irradiance (as reaction and harvesting centres adjusted to modulate absorption and quantum yield). The complex, concomitant nature of the results also advocated an integrative approach in future investigations. Overall, these nuanced, diverse, and flexible photoresponsive traits will greatly contribute to the functional ecology of these organisms, addressing environmental heterogeneity and potentially shaping individual fitness, spatial and temporal distribution, prevalence, and ecosystem dynamics. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1219 KW - photoresponse KW - behaviour KW - physiology KW - composition KW - photosynthesis KW - acclimation KW - Chlamydomonas KW - ecophysiology Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-536174 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1219 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Künn, Steffen A1 - Mahlstedt, Robert T1 - The Intended and Unintended Effects of Promoting Labor Market Mobility T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - Subsidizing the geographical mobility of unemployed workers may improve welfare by relaxing their financial constraints and allowing them to find jobs in more prosperous regions. We exploit regional variation in the promotion of mobility programs along administrative borders of German employment agency districts to investigate the causal effect of offering such financial incentives on the job search behavior and labor market integration of unemployed workers. We show that promoting mobility – as intended – causes job seekers to increase their search radius, apply for and accept distant jobs. At the same time, local job search is reduced with adverse consequences for reemployment and earnings. These unintended negative effects are provoked by spatial search frictions. Overall, the unconditional provision of mobility programs harms the welfare of unemployed job seekers. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 42 KW - Job Search KW - Active Labor Market Policy KW - Labor Market Mobility KW - Unintended Consequence KW - Search Frictions Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-535229 SN - 2628-653X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cooperman, Jessica T1 - Jewish-Christian Dialogue and American Visions of the Postwar World JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien N2 - American occupying forces made the promotion of Jewish-Christian dialogue part of their plans for postwar German reconstruction. They sought to export American models of Jewish-Christian cooperation to Germany, while simultaneously validating and valorizing claims about the connection between democracy and tri-faith religious pluralism in the United States. The small size of the Jewish population in Germany meant that Jews did not set the terms of these discussions, and evidence shows that both German and American Jews expressed skepticism about participating in dialogue in the years immediately following the Holocaust. But opting out would have meant that discussions in Germany about the Judeo-Christian tradition that the American government advanced as the centerpiece of postwar democratic reconstruction would take place without a Jewish contribution. American Jewish leaders, present in Germany and in the US, therefore decided to opt in, not because they supported the project, but because it seemed far riskier to be left out. KW - Modern Jewish history KW - United States KW - German history KW - interreligious dialogue KW - 20th century KW - Moderne jüdische Geschichte KW - USA KW - deutsche Geschichte KW - interreligiöser Dialog KW - 20. Jahrhundert Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-537488 SN - 978-3-86956-520-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 27 SP - 117 EP - 131 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Endriss, Cornelia A1 - Hinterwimmer, Stefan T1 - The influence of tense in adverbial quantification JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 N2 - We argue that there is a crucial difference between determiner and adverbial quantification. Following Herburger [2000] and von Fintel [1994], we assume that determiner quantifiers quantify over individuals and adverbial quantifiers over eventualities. While it is usually assumed that the semantics of sentences with determiner quantifiers and those with adverbial quantifiers basically come out the same, we will show by way of new data that quantification over events is more restricted than quantification over individuals. This is because eventualities in contrast to individuals have to be located in time which is done using contextual information according to a pragmatic resolution strategy. If the contextual information and the tense information given in the respective sentence contradict each other, the sentence is uninterpretable. We conclude that this is the reason why in these cases adverbial quantification, i.e. quantification over eventualities, is impossible whereas quantification over individuals is fine. KW - Adverbial Quantification KW - Covert Variables KW - Domain Restriction KW - Quantificational Variability Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8409 SN - 1866-4725 SN - 1614-4708 IS - 1 SP - 121 EP - 151 ER -