TY - GEN A1 - Bierbach, David A1 - Schulte, Matthias A1 - Herrmann, Nina A1 - Tobler, Michael A1 - Stadler, Stefan A1 - Jung, Christian T. A1 - Kunkel, Benjamin A1 - Riesch, Rüdiger A1 - Klaus, Sebastian A1 - Ziege, Madlen A1 - Indy, Jeane Rimber A1 - Arias-Rodriguez, Lenin A1 - Plath, Martin T1 - Predator-induced changes of female mating preferences BT - innate and experiential effects T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background In many species males face a higher predation risk than females because males display elaborate traits that evolved under sexual selection, which may attract not only females but also predators. Females are, therefore, predicted to avoid such conspicuous males under predation risk. The present study was designed to investigate predator-induced changes of female mating preferences in Atlantic mollies (Poecilia mexicana). Males of this species show a pronounced polymorphism in body size and coloration, and females prefer large, colorful males in the absence of predators. Results In dichotomous choice tests predator-naïve (lab-reared) females altered their initial preference for larger males in the presence of the cichlid Cichlasoma salvini, a natural predator of P. mexicana, and preferred small males instead. This effect was considerably weaker when females were confronted visually with the non-piscivorous cichlid Vieja bifasciata or the introduced non-piscivorous Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In contrast, predator experienced (wild-caught) females did not respond to the same extent to the presence of a predator, most likely due to a learned ability to evaluate their predators' motivation to prey. Conclusions Our study highlights that (a) predatory fish can have a profound influence on the expression of mating preferences of their prey (thus potentially affecting the strength of sexual selection), and females may alter their mate choice behavior strategically to reduce their own exposure to predators. (b) Prey species can evolve visual predator recognition mechanisms and alter their mate choice only when a natural predator is present. (c) Finally, experiential effects can play an important role, and prey species may learn to evaluate the motivational state of their predators. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 984 KW - sexual selection KW - female choice KW - non-independent mate choice KW - predator recognition KW - Poecilia mexicana Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431099 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 984 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sperfeld, Erik T1 - Effects of temperature and co-limiting nutritional components on life history traits of Daphnia magna and its biochemical composition Y1 - 2011 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sammler, Svenja A1 - Bleidorn, Christoph A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Full mitochondrial genome sequences of two endemic Philippine hornbill species (Aves: Bucerotidae) provide evidence for pervasive mitochondrial DNA recombination JF - BMC genomics N2 - Background: Although nowaday it is broadly accepted that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may undergo recombination, the frequency of such recombination remains controversial. Its estimation is not straightforward, as recombination under homoplasmy (i.e., among identical mt genomes) is likely to be overlooked. In species with tandem duplications of large mtDNA fragments the detection of recombination can be facilitated, as it can lead to gene conversion among duplicates. Although the mechanisms for concerted evolution in mtDNA are not fully understood yet, recombination rates have been estimated from "one per speciation event" down to 850 years or even "during every replication cycle". Results: Here we present the first complete mt genome of the avian family Bucerotidae, i.e., that of two Philippine hornbills, Aceros waldeni and Penelopides panini. The mt genomes are characterized by a tandemly duplicated region encompassing part of cytochrome b, 3 tRNAs, NADH6, and the control region. The duplicated fragments are identical to each other except for a short section in domain I and for the length of repeat motifs in domain III of the control region. Due to the heteroplasmy with regard to the number of these repeat motifs, there is some size variation in both genomes; with around 21,657 bp (A. waldeni) and 22,737 bp (P. panini), they significantly exceed the hitherto longest known avian mt genomes, that of the albatrosses. We discovered concerted evolution between the duplicated fragments within individuals. The existence of differences between individuals in coding genes as well as in the control region, which are maintained between duplicates, indicates that recombination apparently occurs frequently, i. e., in every generation. Conclusions: The homogenised duplicates are interspersed by a short fragment which shows no sign of recombination. We hypothesize that this region corresponds to the so-called Replication Fork Barrier (RFB), which has been described from the chicken mitochondrial genome. As this RFB is supposed to halt replication, it offers a potential mechanistic explanation for frequent recombination in mitochondrial genomes. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-35 SN - 1471-2164 VL - 12 IS - 2 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pokorny, Ina A1 - Sharma, Reeta A1 - Goyal, Surendra Prakash A1 - Mishra, Sudanshu A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - MHC class I and MHC class II DRB gene variability in wild and captive Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) (vol 10, pg 667, 2010) T2 - Immunogenetics Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-010-0496-2 SN - 0093-7711 VL - 63 IS - 2 SP - 121 EP - 121 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiesner, Kerstin R. A1 - Loxdale, Hugh D. A1 - Köhler, Günter A1 - Schneider, Anja R. R. A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. T1 - Patterns of local and regional genetic structuring in the meadow grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus (Orthoptera: Acrididae), in Central Germany revealed using microsatellite markers JF - Biological journal of the Linnean Society : a journal of evolution N2 - The meadow grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt), is common and widespread in Central Europe, with a low dispersal range per generation. A population study in Central Germany (Frankenwald and Thuringer Schiefergebirge) showed strong interpopulation differences in abundance and individual fitness. We examined genetic variability using microsatellite markers within and between 22 populations in a short-to long-distance sampling (19 populations, Frankenwald, Schiefergebirge, as well as a southern transect), and in the Erzgebirge region (three populations), with the latter aiming to check for effects as a result of historical forest cover. Of the 671 C. parallelus captured, none was macropterous (functionally winged). All populations showed a high level of expected and observed heterozygosity (mean 0.80-0.90 and 0.60-0.75, respectively), whereas there was evidence of inbreeding (F(IS) values all positive). Allelic richness for all locus-population combinations was high (mean 9.3-11.2), whereas alleles per locus ranged from 15-62. At a local level, genic and genotypic differences were significant. Pairwise F(ST) values were in the range 0.00-0.04, indicating little interpopulation genetic differentiation. Similarly, the calculated gene flow was very high, based on the respective F(ST) (19.5) and using private alleles (7.7). A Neighbour-joining tree using Nei's D(A) and principal coordinate analysis separated two populations that were collected in the Erzgebirge region. Populations from this region may have escaped the effects of the historical forest cover. The visualization of the spatial arrangement of genotypes revealed one geographical barrier to gene flow in the short-distance sampling. KW - adaptation KW - gene flow KW - diversity KW - landscape structure KW - wing polyphenism Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01698.x SN - 0024-4066 VL - 103 IS - 4 SP - 875 EP - 890 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie A1 - Junginger, Annett A1 - Olaka, Lydia A. A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Trauth, Martin H. T1 - Environmental variability in Lake Naivasha, Kenya, over the last two centuries JF - Journal of paleolimnolog N2 - Lake Naivasha, Kenya, is one of a number of freshwater lakes in the East African Rift System. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, it has experienced greater anthropogenic influence as a result of increasingly intensive farming of coffee, tea, flowers, and other horticultural crops within its catchment. The water-level history of Lake Naivasha over the past 200 years was derived from a combination of instrumental records and sediment data. In this study, we analysed diatoms in a lake sediment core to infer past lacustrine conductivity and total phosphorus concentrations. We also measured total nitrogen and carbon concentrations in the sediments. Core chronology was established by (210)Pb dating and covered a similar to 186-year history of natural (climatic) and human-induced environmental changes. Three stratigraphic zones in the core were identified using diatom assemblages. There was a change from littoral/epiphytic diatoms such as Gomphonema gracile and Cymbella muelleri, which occurred during a prolonged dry period from ca. 1820 to 1896 AD, through a transition period, to the present planktonic Aulacoseira sp. that favors nutrient-rich waters. This marked change in the diatom assemblage was caused by climate change, and later a strong anthropogenic overprint on the lake system. Increases in sediment accumulation rates since 1928, from 0.01 to 0.08 g cm(-2) year(-1) correlate with an increase in diatom-inferred total phosphorus concentrations since the beginning of the twentieth century. The increase in phosphorus accumulation suggests increasing eutrophication of freshwater Lake Naivasha. This study identified two major periods in the lake's history: (1) the period from 1820 to 1950 AD, during which the lake was affected mainly by natural climate variations, and (2) the period since 1950, during which the effects of anthropogenic activity overprinted those of natural climate variation. KW - Lake sediments KW - Diatoms KW - Conductivity KW - Lake Naivasha KW - Human impact KW - Eutrophication Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-011-9502-4 SN - 0921-2728 VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 353 EP - 367 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarte, Sandra A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - A Gene Duplication/Loss Event in the Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate-Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco) Small Subunit Gene Family among Accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana JF - Molecular biology and evolution N2 - Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; EC 4.1.1.39), the most abundant protein in nature, catalyzes the assimilation of CO(2) (worldwide about 10(11) t each year) by carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. It is a hexadecamer consisting of eight large and eight small subunits. Although the Rubisco large subunit (rbcL) is encoded by a single gene on the multicopy chloroplast genome, the Rubisco small subunits (rbcS) are encoded by a family of nuclear genes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the rbcS gene family comprises four members, that is, rbcS-1a, rbcS-1b, rbcS-2b, and rbcS-3b. We sequenced all Rubisco genes in 26 worldwide distributed A. thaliana accessions. In three of these accessions, we detected a gene duplication/loss event, where rbcS-1b was lost and substituted by a duplicate of rbcS-2b (called rbcS-2b*). By screening 74 additional accessions using a specific polymerase chain reaction assay, we detected five additional accessions with this duplication/loss event. In summary, we found the gene duplication/loss in 8 of 100 A. thaliana accessions, namely, Bch, Bu, Bur, Cvi, Fei, Lm, Sha, and Sorbo. We sequenced an about 1-kb promoter region for all Rubisco genes as well. This analysis revealed that the gene duplication/loss event was associated with promoter alterations (two insertions of 450 and 850 bp, one deletion of 730 bp) in rbcS-2b and a promoter deletion (2.3 kb) in rbcS-2b* in all eight affected accessions. The substitution of rbcS-1b by a duplicate of rbcS-2b (i.e., rbcS-2b*) might be caused by gene conversion. All four Rubisco genes evolve under purifying selection, as expected for central genes of the highly conserved photosystem of green plants. We inferred a single positive selected site, a tyrosine to aspartic acid substitution at position 72 in rbcS-1b. Exactly the same substitution compromises carboxylase activity in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. In A. thaliana, this substitution is associated with an inferred recombination. Functional implications of the substitution remain to be evaluated. KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - Arabidopsis lyrata KW - Rubisco KW - gene duplication KW - positive selection Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr008 SN - 0737-4038 VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 1861 EP - 1876 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Paulus, Kirsten B. A1 - Havenstein, Katja A1 - Thorstensen, Sverrir A1 - Petersen, Aevar A1 - Lyngs, Peter A1 - Milinkovitch, Michel C. T1 - Alien eggs in duck nests brood parasitism or a help from Grandma? JF - Molecular ecology N2 - Intraspecific brood parasitism (IBP) is a remarkable phenomenon by which parasitic females can increase their reproductive output by laying eggs in conspecific females' nests in addition to incubating eggs in their own nest. Kin selection could explain the tolerance, or even the selective advantage, of IBP, but different models of IBP based on game theory yield contradicting predictions. Our analyses of seven polymorphic autosomal microsatellites in two eider duck colonies indicate that relatedness between host and parasitizing females is significantly higher than the background relatedness within the colony. This result is unlikely to be a by-product of relatives nesting in close vicinity, as nest distance and genetic identity are not correlated. For eider females that had been ring-marked during the decades prior to our study, our analyses indicate that (i) the average age of parasitized females is higher than the age of nonparasitized females, (ii) the percentage of nests with alien eggs increases with the age of nesting females, (iii) the level of IBP increases with the host females' age, and (iv) the number of own eggs in the nest of parasitized females significantly decreases with age. IBP may allow those older females unable to produce as many eggs as they can incubate to gain indirect fitness without impairing their direct fitness: genetically related females specialize in their energy allocation, with young females producing more eggs than they can incubate and entrusting these to their older relatives. Intraspecific brood parasitism in ducks may constitute cooperation among generations of closely related females. KW - eider duck KW - indirect fitness KW - intraspecific brood parasitism KW - microsatellites KW - relatedness KW - Somateria mollissima Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05158.x SN - 0962-1083 VL - 20 IS - 15 SP - 3237 EP - 3250 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pavesi, Laura A1 - De Matthaeis, Elvira A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Ketmaier, Valerio T1 - Temporal population genetics and COI phylogeography of the sandhopper macarorchestia remyi (Amphipoda: Talitridae) JF - Zoological studies N2 - Laura Pavesi, Elvira De Matthaeis, Ralph Tiedemann, and Valerio Ketmaier (2011) Temporal population genetics and COI phylogeography of the sandhopper Macarorchestia remyi (Amphipoda: Talitridae). Zoological Studies 50(2): 220-229. In this study we assessed levels of genetic divergence and variability in 208 individuals of the supralittoral sandhopper Macarorchestia remyi, a species strictly associated with rotted wood stranded on sand beaches, by analyzing sequence polymorphisms in a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene coding cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). The geographical distribution and ecology of the species are poorly known. The study includes 1 Tyrrhenian and 2 Adriatic populations sampled along the Italian peninsula plus a single individual found on Corfu Is. (Greece). The Tyrrhenian population was sampled monthly for 1 yr. Genetic data revealed a deep phylogeographic break between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic populations with no shared haplotypes. The single individual collected on Corfu Is. carried the most common haplotype found in the Tyrrhenian population. A mismatch analysis could not reject the hypothesis of a sudden demographic expansion in almost all but 2 monthly samples. When compared to previous genetic data centered on a variety of Mediterranean talitrids, our results place M. remyi among those species with profound intraspecific divergence (sandhoppers) and dissimilar from beachfleas, which generally display little population genetic structuring. KW - Macarorchestia remyi KW - Talitridae KW - Cytochrome oxidase I KW - Population genetics Y1 - 2011 SN - 1021-5506 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 220 EP - 229 PB - Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica CY - Taipei ER - TY - INPR A1 - Walz, Norbert A1 - Adrian, Rita A1 - Gilbert, John J. A1 - Monaghan, Michael T. A1 - Weithoff, Guntram A1 - Zimmermann-Timm, Heike T1 - Preface T2 - Hydrobiologia : acta hydrobiologica, hydrographica, limnologica et protistologica Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0514-2 SN - 0018-8158 VL - 662 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER -