TY - JOUR A1 - Kiel, Mareike A1 - Kloetzer, Madlen A1 - Mitzscherling, Steffen A1 - Bargheer, Matias T1 - Measuring the Range of Plasmonic Interaction JF - Langmuir N2 - When gold nanoparticles are covered with nanometric layers of transparent polyelectrolytes, the plasmon absorption spectrum A(lambda) increases by a factor of approximately three and shifts to the red. These modifications of dissipative experimental observables stop when the cover layer thickness approaches the particle diameter. Spectral modifications of dispersive parameters like the reflection R, however, keep changing with increasing cover layer thickness. The shift of the plasmon resonance caused by two interacting particle layers is studied as a function of the separating distance between the two layers. We discuss these observations in the context of an effective medium theory and conclude that it can only be applied for a layer thickness on the order of the particle diameter. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/la204577m SN - 0743-7463 VL - 28 IS - 10 SP - 4800 EP - 4804 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brugger, Julia A1 - Feulner, Georg A1 - Hofmann, Matthias A1 - Petri, Stefan T1 - A pronounced spike in ocean productivity triggered by the Chicxulub impact JF - Geophysical research letters : GRL / American Geophysical Union N2 - There is increasing evidence linking the mass-extinction event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary to an asteroid impact near Chicxulub, Mexico. Here we use model simulations to explore the combined effect of sulfate aerosols, carbon dioxide and dust from the impact on the oceans and the marine biosphere in the immediate aftermath of the impact. We find a strong temperature decrease, a brief algal bloom caused by nutrients from both the deep ocean and the projectile, and moderate surface ocean acidification. Comparing the modeled longer-term post-impact warming and changes in carbon isotopes with empirical evidence points to a substantial release of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere. Overall, our results shed light on the decades to centuries after the Chicxulub impact which are difficult to resolve with proxy data. Plain Language Summary The sudden disappearance of the dinosaurs and many other species during the end-Cretaceous mass extinction 66 million years ago marks one of the most profound events in the history of life on Earth. The impact of a large asteroid near Chicxulub, Mexico, is increasingly recognized as the trigger of this extinction, causing global darkness and a pronounced cooling. However, the links between the impact and the changes in the biosphere are not fully understood. Here, we investigate how life in the ocean reacts to the perturbations in the decades and centuries after the impact. We find a short-lived algal bloom caused by the upwelling of nutrients from the deep ocean and nutrient input from the impactor. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092260 SN - 0094-8276 SN - 1944-8007 VL - 48 IS - 12 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grebenkov, Denis S. T1 - Statistics of diffusive encounters with a small target BT - three complementary approaches JF - Journal of statistical mechanics: theory and experiment N2 - Diffusive search for a static target is a common problem in statistical physics with numerous applications in chemistry and biology. We look at this problem from a different perspective and investigate the statistics of encounters between the diffusing particle and the target. While an exact solution of this problem was recently derived in the form of a spectral expansion over the eigenbasis of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator, the latter is generally difficult to access for an arbitrary target. In this paper, we present three complementary approaches to approximate the probability density of the rescaled number of encounters with a small target in a bounded confining domain. In particular, we derive a simple fully explicit approximation, which depends only on a few geometric characteristics such as the surface area and the harmonic capacity of the target, and the volume of the confining domain. We discuss the advantages and limitations of three approaches and check their accuracy. We also deduce an explicit approximation for the distribution of the first-crossing time, at which the number of encounters exceeds a prescribed threshold. Its relations to common first-passage time problems are discussed. KW - Brownian motion KW - chemical kinetics KW - diffusion KW - first passage Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac85ec SN - 1742-5468 VL - 2022 IS - 8 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pompa-Garcia, Ivan A1 - Castilla, Rodrigo A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Dagdug, Leonardo T1 - First-passage times in conical varying-width channels biased by a transverse gravitational force BT - comparison of analytical and numerical results JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - We study the crossing time statistic of diffusing point particles between the two ends of expanding and narrowing two-dimensional conical channels under a transverse external gravitational field. The theoretical expression for the mean first-passage time for such a system is derived under the assumption that the axial diffusion in a two-dimensional channel of smoothly varying geometry can be approximately described as a one-dimensional diffusion in an entropic potential with position-dependent effective diffusivity in terms of the modified Fick-Jacobs equation. We analyze the channel crossing dynamics in terms of the mean first-passage time, combining our analytical results with extensive two-dimensional Brownian dynamics simulations, allowing us to find the range of applicability of the one-dimensional approximation. We find that the effective particle diffusivity decreases with increasing amplitude of the external potential. Remarkably, the mean first-passage time for crossing the channel is shown to assume a minimum at finite values of the potential amplitude. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.106.064137 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 106 IS - 6 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Middelanis, Robin A1 - Willner, Sven N. A1 - Otto, Christian A1 - Levermann, Anders T1 - Economic losses from hurricanes cannot be nationally offset under unabated warming JF - Environmental research letters N2 - Tropical cyclones range among the costliest of all meteorological events worldwide and planetary scale warming provides more energy and moisture to these storms. Modelling the national and global economic repercussions of 2017's Hurricane Harvey, we find a qualitative change in the global economic response in an increasingly warmer world. While the United States were able to balance regional production failures by the original 2017 hurricane, this option becomes less viable under future warming. In our simulations of over 7000 regional economic sectors with more than 1.8 million supply chain connections, the US are not able to offset the losses by use of national efforts with intensifying hurricanes under unabated warming. At a certain warming level other countries have to step in to supply the necessary goods for production, which gives US economic sectors a competitive disadvantage. In the highly localized mining and quarrying sector-which here also comprises the oil and gas production industry-this disadvantage emerges already with the original Hurricane Harvey and intensifies under warming. Eventually, also other regions reach their limit of what they can offset. While we chose the example of a specific hurricane impacting a specific region, the mechanism is likely applicable to other climate-related events in other regions and other sectors. It is thus likely that the regional economic sectors that are best adapted to climate change gain significant advantage over their competitors under future warming. KW - natural disasters KW - supply chains KW - higher-order impacts KW - Hurricane Harvey KW - tropical cyclones KW - extreme weather impacts Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac90d8 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 17 IS - 10 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sorgenfrei, Nomi A1 - Giangrisostomi, Erika A1 - Kühn, Danilo A1 - Ovsyannikov, Ruslan A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander T1 - Time and angle-resolved time-of-flight electron spectroscopy for functional materials science JF - Molecules : a journal of synthetic chemistry and natural product chemistry N2 - Electron spectroscopy with the unprecedented transmission of angle-resolved time-of-flight detection, in combination with pulsed X-ray sources, brings new impetus to functional materials science. We showcase recent developments towards chemical sensitivity from electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and structural information from photoelectron diffraction using the phase transition properties of 1T-TaS2. Our development platform is the SurfaceDynamics instrument located at the Femtoslicing facility at BESSY II, where femtosecond and picosecond X-ray pulses can be generated and extracted. The scientific potential is put into perspective to the current rapidly developing pulsed X-ray source capabilities from Lasers and Free-Electron Lasers. KW - photoelectron spectroscopy KW - surface science KW - time-resolved KW - ultrafast KW - instrumentation KW - dichalcogenides KW - phase transition Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248833 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 27 IS - 24 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Valencia Sanmiguel, Antonio T1 - Condensation and crystallization on patterned surfaces N2 - Condensation and crystallization are omnipresent phenomena in nature. The formation of droplets or crystals on a solid surface are familiar processes which, beyond their scientific interest, are required in many technological applications. In recent years, experimental techniques have been developed which allow patterning a substrate with surface domains of molecular thickness, surface area in the mesoscopic scale, and different wettabilities (i.e., different degrees of preference for a substance that is in contact with the substrate). The existence of new patterned surfaces has led to increased theoretical efforts to understand wetting phenomena in such systems. In this thesis, we deal with some problems related to the equilibrium of phases (e.g., liquid-vapor coexistence) and the kinetics of phase separation in the presence of chemically patterned surfaces. Two different cases are considered: (i) patterned surfaces in contact with liquid and vapor, and (ii) patterned surfaces in contact with a crystalline phase. One of the problems that we have studied is the following: It is widely believed that if air containing water vapor is cooled to its dew point, droplets of water are immediately formed. Although common experience seems to support this view, it is not correct. It is only when air is cooled well below its dew point that the phase transition occurs immediately. A vapor cooled slightly below its dew point is in a metastable state, meaning that the liquid phase is more stable than the vapor, but the formation of droplets requires some time to occur, which can be very long. It was first pointed out by J. W. Gibbs that the metastability of a vapor depends on the energy necessary to form a nucleus (a droplet of a critical size). Droplets smaller than the critical size will tend to disappear, while droplets larger than the critical size will tend to grow. This is consistent with an energy barrier that has its maximum at the critical size, as is the case for droplets formed directly in the vapor or in contact with a chemically uniform planar wall. Classical nucleation theory describes the time evolution of the condensation in terms of the random process of droplet growth through this energy barrier. This process is activated by thermal fluctuations, which eventually will form a droplet of the critical size. We consider nucleation of droplets from a vapor on a substrate patterned with easily wettable (lyophilic) circular domains. Under certain conditions of pressure and temperature, the condensation of a droplet on a lyophilic circular domain proceeds through a barrier with two maxima (a double barrier). We have extended classical nucleation theory to account for the kinetics of nucleation through a double barrier, and applied this extension to nucleation on lyophilic circular domains. N2 - Kondensation und Kristallisation sind allgegenwärtige Phänomene in der Natur. Die Bildung von Tröpfchen oder Kristallen auf einer festen Oberfläche sind vertraute Prozesse, die über ihr wissenschaftliches Interesse hinaus in vielen technologischen Anwendungen erforderlich sind. In den letzten Jahren wurden experimentelle Techniken entwickelt, die es ermöglichen, ein Substrat mit Oberflächendomänen von molekularer Dicke, mesoskopischer Oberflächengröße und unterschiedlichen Benetzbarkeiten (d.h. unterschiedlichen Graden der Präferenz für eine Substanz, die mit dem Substrat in Kontakt steht) zu strukturieren. Die Existenz neuer strukturierter Oberflächen hat zu verstärkten theoretischen Bemühungen geführt, Benetzungsphänomene in solchen Systemen zu verstehen. In dieser Arbeit befassen wir uns mit einigen Problemen im Zusammenhang mit dem Gleichgewicht von Phasen (z.B. Flüssig-Dampf-Koexistenz) und der Kinetik der Phasentrennung in Gegenwart von chemisch strukturierten Oberflächen. Zwei verschiedene Fälle werden betrachtet: (i) strukturierte Oberflächen in Kontakt mit Flüssigkeit und Dampf und (ii) strukturierte Oberflächen in Kontakt mit einer kristallinen Phase. Eines der Probleme, die wir untersucht haben, ist das folgende: Es wird allgemein angenommen, dass sich bei Abkühlung von wasserdampfhaltiger Luft auf ihren Taupunkt sofort Wassertröpfchen bilden. Obwohl die allgemeine Erfahrung diese Ansicht zu unterstützen scheint, ist sie nicht korrekt. Erst wenn die Luft deutlich unter ihren Taupunkt gekühlt wird, tritt der Phasenübergang sofort ein. Ein leicht unter seinen Taupunkt gekühlter Dampf befindet sich in einem metastabilen Zustand, was bedeutet, dass die flüssige Phase stabiler als der Dampf ist, aber die Bildung von Tröpfchen einige Zeit benötigt, die sehr lang sein kann. J. W. Gibbs wies erstmals darauf hin, dass die Metastabilität eines Dampfes von der Energie abhängt, die zur Bildung eines Keims (eines Tröpfchens kritischer Größe) notwendig ist. Tröpfchen, die kleiner als die kritische Größe sind, neigen dazu zu verschwinden, während Tröpfchen, die größer als die kritische Größe sind, dazu neigen zu wachsen. Dies stimmt mit einer Energiebarriere überein, die ihr Maximum bei der kritischen Größe hat, wie es bei Tröpfchen der Fall ist, die sich direkt im Dampf oder in Kontakt mit einer chemisch einheitlichen ebenen Wand bilden. Die klassische Nukleationstheorie beschreibt die zeitliche Entwicklung der Kondensation als zufälligen Prozess des Tröpfchenwachstums durch diese Energiebarriere. Dieser Prozess wird durch thermische Fluktuationen aktiviert, die schließlich ein Tröpfchen kritischer Größe bilden. Wir betrachten die Nukleation von Tröpfchen aus einem Dampf auf einem Substrat, das mit leicht benetzbaren (lyophilen) kreisförmigen Domänen strukturiert ist. Unter bestimmten Druck- und Temperaturbedingungen verläuft die Kondensation eines Tröpfchens auf einer lyophilen kreisförmigen Domäne durch eine Barriere mit zwei Maxima (eine Doppelbarriere). Wir haben die klassische Nukleationstheorie erweitert, um die Kinetik der Nukleation durch eine Doppelbarriere zu berücksichtigen, und haben diese Erweiterung auf die Nukleation auf lyophilen kreisförmigen Domänen angewendet. KW - Chemical physics KW - Condensation KW - Nucleation KW - Crystallization KW - Computer simulation KW - Soft condensed matter KW - Phase transitions KW - Chemically patterned surfaces KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Kondensation KW - Kristallisation KW - Oberfläche KW - Keimbildung KW - Mathematisches Modell Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-651950 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grassl, Sandra A1 - Ritter, Christoph A1 - Schulz, Alexander T1 - The nature of the Ny-Alesund wind field analysed by high-resolution windlidar data JF - Remote sensing N2 - In this work we present windlidar data for the research village Ny-Alesund located on Svalbard in the European Arctic (78.923 degrees N, 11.928 degrees F) from 2013 to 2021. The data have a resolution of 50 m and 10 min with an overlapping height of about 150 m. The maximum range depends on the meteorologic situation. Up to 1000 m altitude the data availability is better than 71%. We found that the highest wind speeds occur in November and December, the lowest ones in June and July, up to 500 m altitude the wind is channelled strongly in ESE to NW direction parallel to the fjord axis and the synoptic conditions above 1000 m altitude already dominate. While the fraction of windy days (v > 10 m/s) varies significantly from month to month, there is no overall trend of the wind visible in our data set. We define gusts and jets by the requirement of wind maxima v > 2 m/s above and below a wind maximum. In total, more than 24,000 of these events were identified (corresponding to 6% of the time), of which 223 lasted for at least 100 min ("Long Jets"). All of these events are fairly equally distributed over the months relatively to the available data. Further, gusts and jets follow different distributions (in terms of altitude or depths) and occur more frequently for synoptic flow from roughly a southerly direction. Jets do not show a clear correlation between occurrence and synoptic flow. Gusts and jets are not related to cloud cover. We conclude that the atmosphere from 400 m to 1000 m above Ny-Alesund is dominated by a turbulent wind shear zone, which connects the micrometeorology in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) with the synoptic flow. KW - windlidar KW - wind field KW - wind channelling KW - jets KW - Ny-Alesund KW - Svalbard KW - Kongsfjord KW - wind speed KW - wind direction KW - turbulent wind shear zone Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153771 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 14 IS - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Horvat, Anja Kranjc A1 - Wiener, Jeff A1 - Schmeling, Sascha Marc A1 - Borowski, Andreas T1 - What does the curriculum say? Review of the particle physics content in 27 high-school physics curricula JF - Physics N2 - This international curricular review provides a structured overview of the particle physics content in 27 state, national, and international high-school physics curricula. The review was based on a coding manual that included 60 concepts that were identified as relevant for high-school particle physics education. Two types of curricula were reviewed, namely curricula with a dedicated particle physics chapter and curricula without a dedicated particle physics chapter. The results of the curricular review show that particle physics concepts are explicitly or implicitly present in all reviewed curricula. However, the number of particle physics concepts that are featured in a curriculum varies greatly across the reviewed curricula. We identified core particle physics concepts that can be found in most curricula. Here, elementary particles, fundamental interactions, and charges were identified as explicit particle physics concepts that are featured in more than half of the reviewed curricula either as content or context. Indeed, theoretical particle physics concepts are more prominent in high-school physics curricula than experimental particle physics concepts. Overall, this international curricular review provides the basis for future curricular development with respect to particle physics and suggests an increased inclusion of experimental particle physics concepts in high-school physics curricula. KW - curricular review KW - particle physics KW - high-school education Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/physics4040082 SN - 2624-8174 VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 1278 EP - 1298 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Fulat, Karol T1 - Electron acceleration at quasi-perpendicular shocks in supernova remnants N2 - Astrophysical shocks, driven by explosive events such as supernovae, efficiently accelerate charged particles to relativistic energies. The majority of these shocks occur in collisionless plasmas where the energy transfer is dominated by particle-wave interactions.Strong nonrelativistic shocks found in supernova remnants are plausible sites of galactic cosmic ray production, and the observed emission indicates the presence of nonthermal electrons. To participate in the primary mechanism of energy gain - Diffusive Shock Acceleration - electrons must have a highly suprathermal energy, implying a need for very efficient pre-acceleration. This poorly understood aspect of the shock acceleration theory is known as the electron injection problem. Studying electron-scale phenomena requires the use of fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, which describe collisionless plasma from first principles. Most published studies consider a homogenous upstream medium, but turbulence is ubiquitous in astrophysical environments and is typically driven at magnetohydrodynamic scales, cascading down to kinetic scales. For the first time, I investigate how preexisting turbulence affects electron acceleration at nonrelativistic shocks using the fully kinetic approach. To accomplish this, I developed a novel simulation framework that allows the study of shocks propagating in turbulent media. It involves simulating slabs of turbulent plasma separately, which are further continuously inserted into a shock simulation. This demands matching of the plasma slabs at the interface. A new procedure of matching electromagnetic fields and currents prevents numerical transients, and the plasma evolves self-consistently. The versatility of this framework has the potential to render simulations more consistent with turbulent systems in various astrophysical environments. In this Thesis, I present the results of 2D3V PIC simulations of high-Mach-number nonrelativistic shocks with preexisting compressive turbulence in an electron-ion plasma. The chosen amplitudes of the density fluctuations ($\lesssim15\%$) concord with \textit{in situ} measurements in the heliosphere and the local interstellar medium. I explored how these fluctuations impact the dynamics of upstream electrons, the driving of the plasma instabilities, electron heating and acceleration. My results indicate that while the presence of the turbulence enhances variations in the upstream magnetic field, their levels remain too low to influence the behavior of electrons at perpendicular shocks significantly. However, the situation is different at oblique shocks. The external magnetic field inclined at an angle between $50^\circ \lesssim \theta_\text{Bn} \lesssim 75^\circ$ relative to the shock normal allows the escape of fast electrons toward the upstream region. An extended electron foreshock region is formed, where these particles drive various instabilities. Results of an oblique shock with $\theta_\text{Bn}=60^\circ$ propagating in preexisting compressive turbulence show that the foreshock becomes significantly shorter, and the shock-reflected electrons have higher temperatures. Furthermore, the energy spectrum of downstream electrons shows a well-pronounced nonthermal tail that follows a power law with an index up to -2.3. The methods and results presented in this Thesis could serve as a starting point for more realistic modeling of interactions between shocks and turbulence in plasmas from first principles. N2 - Astrophysikalische Schocks, die durch explosive Ereignisse wie Supernovae ausgelöst werden, beschleunigen geladene Teilchen effizient auf relativistische Energien. Die meisten dieser Schocks treten in kollisionsfreien Plasmen auf, in denen die Energieübertragung durch Teilchen-Wellen-Wechselwirkungen dominiert wird. Starke nichtrelativistische Schocks, die in Supernovaüberresten gefunden werden, sind plausible Orte der galaktischen kosmischen Strahlungsproduktion, und die beobachtete Emission deutet auf das Vorhandensein von nichtthermischen Elektronen hin. Um am primären Mechanismus der Energiegewinnung - der diffusiven Schockbeschleunigung - teilzunehmen, müssen die Elektronen eine hochgradig suprathermische Energie haben, was eine sehr effiziente Vorbeschleunigung voraussetzt. Dieser schlecht verstandene Aspekt der Stoßbeschleunigungstheorie ist als Elektroneninjektionsproblem bekannt. Die Untersuchung von Phänomenen auf der Elektronenskala erfordert den Einsatz von vollständig kinetischen Partikel-in-Zellen-Simulationen (PIC), die ein kollisionsfreies Plasma nach ersten Prinzipien beschreiben. Die meisten veröffentlichten Studien gehen von einem homogenen stromaufwärts gelegenen Medium aus, aber Turbulenzen sind in astrophysikalischen Umgebungen allgegenwärtig und werden typischerweise auf magnetohydrodynamischen Skalen angetrieben und kaskadieren hinunter zu kinetischen Skalen. Zum ersten Mal untersuche ich, wie sich eine bereits vorhandene Turbulenz auf die Elektronenbeschleunigung an nichtrelativistischen Schocks auswirkt, indem ich einen vollständig kinetischen Ansatz verwende. Zu diesem Zweck habe ich einen neuartigen Simulationsrahmen entwickelt, der die Untersuchung von Schocks ermöglicht, die sich in turbulenten Medien ausbreiten. Dabei werden die Platten des turbulenten Plasmas separat simuliert, die dann kontinuierlich in eine Schocksimulation eingefügt werden. Dies erfordert eine Anpassung der Plasmaplatten an der Grenzfläche. Ein neues Verfahren zur Anpassung elektromagnetischer Felder und Ströme verhindert numerische Transienten, und das Plasma entwickelt sich selbstkonsistent. Die Vielseitigkeit dieses Rahmens hat das Potenzial, Simulationen mit turbulenten Systemen in verschiedenen astrophysikalischen Umgebungen konsistenter zu machen. In dieser Arbeit präsentiere ich die Ergebnisse von 2D3V PIC-Simulationen von nichtrelativistischen Schocks mit hoher Mach-Zahl und bereits vorhandener kompressiver Turbulenz in einem Elektron-Ionen-Plasma. Die gewählten Amplituden der Dichtefluktuationen ($\lesssim15\%$) stimmen mit \textit{in situ} Messungen in der Heliosphäre und dem lokalen interstellaren Medium überein. Ich habe untersucht, wie sich diese Fluktuationen auf die Dynamik der stromaufwärts befindlichen Elektronen, den Antrieb der Plasmainstabilitäten, die Elektronenheizung und -beschleunigung auswirken. Meine Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das Vorhandensein von Turbulenzen zwar die Schwankungen des stromaufwärts gelegenen Magnetfelds verstärkt, dass aber die Schwankungen zu gering sind, um das Verhalten der Elektronen an senkrechten Schocks wesentlich zu beeinflussen. Bei schrägen Stößen ist die Situation jedoch anders. Das äußere Magnetfeld, das in einem Winkel zwischen $50^\circ \lesssim \theta_\text{Bn} \lesssim 75^\circ$ relativ zur Schocknormalen ermöglicht das Entweichen schneller Elektronen in Richtung der stromaufwärts gelegenen Region. Es bildet sich eine ausgedehnte Elektronenvorstoßregion, in der diese Teilchen verschiedene Instabilitäten auslösen. Die Ergebnisse eines schrägen Schocks mit $\theta_\text{Bn}=60^\circ$, der sich in einer vorher existierenden kompressiven Turbulenz ausbreitet, zeigen, dass der Vorschock deutlich kürzer wird und die vom Schock reflektierten Elektronen höhere Temperaturen aufweisen. Darüber hinaus zeigt das Energiespektrum der stromabwärts gerichteten Elektronen einen ausgeprägten nichtthermischen Schweif, der einem Potenzgesetz mit einem Index von bis zu -2,3 folgt. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Methoden und Ergebnisse könnten als Ausgangspunkt für eine realistischere Modellierung der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Schocks und Turbulenz in Plasmen nach ersten Prinzipien dienen. T2 - Elektronenbeschleunigung bei quasi senkrechten Schocks in Supernovaüberresten KW - astrophysical shocks KW - plasma physics KW - particle acceleration KW - astrophysikalische Schocks KW - Plasmaphysik KW - Teilchenbeschleunigung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-651365 ER -