TY - JOUR A1 - Scheele, Lasse T1 - Location analysis for placing artificial reefs JF - Process design for natural scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - Location analyses are among the most common tasks while working with spatial data and geographic information systems. Automating the most frequently used procedures is therefore an important aspect of improving their usability. In this context, this project aims to design and implement a workflow, providing some basic tools for a location analysis. For the implementation with jABC, the workflow was applied to the problem of finding a suitable location for placing an artificial reef. For this analysis three parameters (bathymetry, slope and grain size of the ground material) were taken into account, processed, and visualized with the The Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), which were integrated into the workflow as jETI-SIBs. The implemented workflow thereby showed that the approach to combine jABC with GMT resulted in an user-centric yet user-friendly tool with high-quality cartographic outputs. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 216 EP - 228 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Woltran, Stefan T1 - Answer set programming unleashed! JF - Künstliche Intelligenz N2 - Answer Set Programming faces an increasing popularity for problem solving in various domains. While its modeling language allows us to express many complex problems in an easy way, its solving technology enables their effective resolution. In what follows, we detail some of the key factors of its success. Answer Set Programming [ASP; Brewka et al. Commun ACM 54(12):92–103, (2011)] is seeing a rapid proliferation in academia and industry due to its easy and flexible way to model and solve knowledge-intense combinatorial (optimization) problems. To this end, ASP offers a high-level modeling language paired with high-performance solving technology. As a result, ASP systems provide out-off-the-box, general-purpose search engines that allow for enumerating (optimal) solutions. They are represented as answer sets, each being a set of atoms representing a solution. The declarative approach of ASP allows a user to concentrate on a problem’s specification rather than the computational means to solve it. This makes ASP a prime candidate for rapid prototyping and an attractive tool for teaching key AI techniques since complex problems can be expressed in a succinct and elaboration tolerant way. This is eased by the tuning of ASP’s modeling language to knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR). The resulting impact is nicely reflected by a growing range of successful applications of ASP [Erdem et al. AI Mag 37(3):53–68, 2016; Falkner et al. Industrial applications of answer set programming. K++nstliche Intelligenz (2018)] Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-018-0550-z SN - 0933-1875 SN - 1610-1987 VL - 32 IS - 2-3 SP - 105 EP - 108 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Wang, T. T1 - Preferred well-founded semantics for logic programming by alternating fixpoints : preliminary report Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Wang, Kewen T1 - A semantic framework for prefernce handling in answer set programming Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Wang, Kewen T1 - A comparative study of logic programs with preference Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Wang, Kewen T1 - A comparative study of logic programs with preference Y1 - 2001 SN - 1-558-60777-3 SN - 1045-0823 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Thielscher, Michael T1 - Skeptical query-answering in constrained default logic Y1 - 1996 SN - 3-540-61313-7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Nicolas, Pascal T1 - An implementation platform for query-answering in default logics : the XRay system, its implementation and evaluation Y1 - 1997 SN - 3-540-63255-7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Nicolas, Pascal T1 - An implementation platform for query-answering in default logics : theoretical underpinnings Y1 - 1997 SN - 3-540-63614-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Brüning, Stefan A1 - Nicolas, Pascal T1 - XRay : a prolog technology theorem prover for default reasoning: a system description Y1 - 1996 SN - 3-540-61511-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Brüning, Stefan T1 - Prolog technology for default reasoning Y1 - 1996 SN - 0-471-96809-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Brüning, Stefan T1 - Prolog technology for default reasoning : proof theory and compilation techniques Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. T1 - Antwortmengenprogrammierung Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. T1 - The family of default logics Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sawade, Christoph A1 - Bickel, Steffen A1 - von Oertzen, Timo A1 - Scheffer, Tobias A1 - Landwehr, Niels T1 - Active evaluation of ranking functions based on graded relevance JF - Machine learning N2 - Evaluating the quality of ranking functions is a core task in web search and other information retrieval domains. Because query distributions and item relevance change over time, ranking models often cannot be evaluated accurately on held-out training data. Instead, considerable effort is spent on manually labeling the relevance of query results for test queries in order to track ranking performance. We address the problem of estimating ranking performance as accurately as possible on a fixed labeling budget. Estimates are based on a set of most informative test queries selected by an active sampling distribution. Query labeling costs depend on the number of result items as well as item-specific attributes such as document length. We derive cost-optimal sampling distributions for the commonly used performance measures Discounted Cumulative Gain and Expected Reciprocal Rank. Experiments on web search engine data illustrate significant reductions in labeling costs. KW - Information retrieval KW - Ranking KW - Active evaluation Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-013-5372-5 SN - 0885-6125 VL - 92 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 64 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sarsakov, Vladimir A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Tompits, Hans A1 - Woltran, Stefan T1 - A compiler for nested logic programming Y1 - 2004 SN - 3-540- 20721-x ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saposhnikov, Vl. V. V. V. A1 - Moshanin, Vl. A1 - Saposhnikov, V. V. A1 - Gössel, Michael T1 - Experimental results for self-dual multi-output combinational circuits Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saposhnikov, Vl. V. A1 - Saposhnikov, V. V. A1 - Dimitriev, Alexej A1 - Gössel, Michael T1 - Self-dual duplication for error detection Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saposhnikov, Vl. V. A1 - Otscheretnij, Vitalij A1 - Saposhnikov, V. V. A1 - Gössel, Michael T1 - Design of Fault-Tolerant Circuits by self-dual Duplication Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saposhnikov, Vl. V. A1 - Ocheretnij, V. A1 - Saposhnikov, V. V. A1 - Gössel, Michael T1 - Modified TMR-system with reduced hardware overhead Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saposhnikov, Vl. V. A1 - Moshanin, Vl. A1 - Saposhnikov, V. V. A1 - Gössel, Michael T1 - Self-dual multi output combinational circuits with output data compaction Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saposhnikov, Vl. V. A1 - Dimitriev, Alexej A1 - Gössel, Michael A1 - Saposhnikov, Va. V. T1 - Self-dual parity checking - a new method for on-line testing Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saposhnikov, Va. V. A1 - Morosov, Andrej A1 - Saposhnikov, Vl. V. A1 - Gössel, Michael T1 - Design of self-checking unidirectional combinational circuits with low area overhead Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saposhnikov, V. V. A1 - Saposhnikov, Vl. V. A1 - Gössel, Michael A1 - Morosov, Andrej T1 - A method of construction of combinational self-checking units with detection of all single faults Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saposhnikov, V. V. A1 - Morosov, Andrej A1 - Saposhnikov, Vl. V. A1 - Gössel, Michael T1 - A new design method for self-checking unidirectional combinational circuits Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sahlmann, Kristina A1 - Clemens, Vera A1 - Nowak, Michael A1 - Schnor, Bettina T1 - MUP BT - Simplifying Secure Over-The-Air Update with MQTT for Constrained IoT Devices JF - Sensors N2 - Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is one of the dominating protocols for edge- and cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) solutions. When a security vulnerability of an IoT device is known, it has to be fixed as soon as possible. This requires a firmware update procedure. In this paper, we propose a secure update protocol for MQTT-connected devices which ensures the freshness of the firmware, authenticates the new firmware and considers constrained devices. We show that the update protocol is easy to integrate in an MQTT-based IoT network using a semantic approach. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated by a detailed performance analysis of our prototype implementation on a IoT device with 32 kB RAM. Thereby, we identify design issues in MQTT 5 which can help to improve the support of constrained devices. KW - Internet of Things KW - security KW - firmware update KW - MQTT KW - edge computing Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010010 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 21 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rätsch, Gunnar A1 - Schölkopf, B. A1 - Smola, Alexander J. A1 - Müller, Klaus-Robert A1 - Mika, Sebastian T1 - V-Arc : ensemble learning in the preence of outliers Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rätsch, Gunnar A1 - Schölkopf, B. A1 - Smola, Alexander J. A1 - Mika, Sebastian A1 - Onoda, T. A1 - Müller, Klaus-Robert T1 - Robust ensemble learning Y1 - 2000 SN - 0-262-19448-1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rozinat, A A1 - Van der Aalst, Wil M. P. T1 - Conformance testing: Measuring the fit and appropriateness of event logs and process models N2 - Most information systems log events (e.g., transaction logs, audit traits) to audit and monitor the processes they support. At the same time, many of these processes have been explicitly modeled. For example, SAP R/3 logs events in transaction logs and there are EPCs (Event-driven Process Chains) describing the so-called reference models. These reference models describe how the system should be used. The coexistence of event logs and process models raises an interesting question: "Does the event log conform to the process model and vice versa?". This paper demonstrates that there is not a simple answer to this question. To tackle the problem, we distinguish two dimensions of conformance: fitness (the event log may be the result of the process modeled) and appropriateness (the model is a likely candidate from a structural and behavioral point of view). Different metrics have been defined and a Conformance Checker has been implemented within the ProM Framework Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roessner, Ute A1 - Luedemann, A. A1 - Brust, D. A1 - Fiehn, Oliver A1 - Linke, Thomas A1 - Willmitzer, Lothar A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. T1 - Metabolic profiling allows comprehensive phenotyping of genetically or environmentally modified plant systems Y1 - 2001 SN - 1040-4651 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ristic, Goran S. A1 - Ilic, Stefan D. A1 - Andjelkovic, Marko S. A1 - Duane, Russell A1 - Palma, Alberto J. A1 - Lalena, Antonio M. A1 - Krstić, Miloš A1 - Jaksic, Aleksandar B. T1 - Sensitivity and fading of irradiated RADFETs with different gate voltages JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A N2 - The radiation-sensitive field-effect transistors (RADFETs) with an oxide thickness of 400 nm are irradiated with gate voltages of 2, 4 and 6 V, and without gate voltage. A detailed analysis of the mechanisms responsible for the creation of traps during irradiation is performed. The creation of the traps in the oxide, near and at the silicon/silicon-dioxide (Si/SiO2) interface during irradiation is modelled very well. This modelling can also be used for other MOS transistors containing SiO2. The behaviour of radiation traps during postirradiation annealing is analysed, and the corresponding functions for their modelling are obtained. The switching traps (STs) do not have significant influence on threshold voltage shift, and two radiation-induced trap types fit the fixed traps (FTs) very well. The fading does not depend on the positive gate voltage applied during irradiation, but it is twice lower in case there is no gate voltage. A new dosimetric parameter, called the Golden Ratio (GR), is proposed, which represents the ratio between the threshold voltage shift after irradiation and fading after spontaneous annealing. This parameter can be useful for comparing MOS dosimeters. KW - pMOS radiation dosimeter KW - RADFETs KW - irradiation KW - sensitivity KW - annealing KW - fading Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2022.166473 SN - 0168-9002 SN - 1872-9576 VL - 1029 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Rico A1 - Kyprianidis, Jan Eric A1 - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich T1 - Out-of-core GPU-based change detection in massive 3D point clouds JF - Transactions in GIS N2 - If sites, cities, and landscapes are captured at different points in time using technology such as LiDAR, large collections of 3D point clouds result. Their efficient storage, processing, analysis, and presentation constitute a challenging task because of limited computation, memory, and time resources. In this work, we present an approach to detect changes in massive 3D point clouds based on an out-of-core spatial data structure that is designed to store data acquired at different points in time and to efficiently attribute 3D points with distance information. Based on this data structure, we present and evaluate different processing schemes optimized for performing the calculation on the CPU and GPU. In addition, we present a point-based rendering technique adapted for attributed 3D point clouds, to enable effective out-of-core real-time visualization of the computation results. Our approach enables conclusions to be drawn about temporal changes in large highly accurate 3D geodata sets of a captured area at reasonable preprocessing and rendering times. We evaluate our approach with two data sets from different points in time for the urban area of a city, describe its characteristics, and report on applications. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01362.x SN - 1361-1682 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 724 EP - 741 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Peter T1 - A new deterministic approach for the optimization of cable layouts for power supply systems Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Peter T1 - Efficient shortest path algorithms for road traffic optimization Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Respondek, Tobias T1 - A workflow for computing potential areas for wind turbines JF - Process design for natural scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - This paper describes the implementation of a workflow model for service-oriented computing of potential areas for wind turbines in jABC. By implementing a re-executable model the manual effort of a multi-criteria site analysis can be reduced. The aim is to determine the shift of typical geoprocessing tools of geographic information systems (GIS) from the desktop to the web. The analysis is based on a vector data set and mainly uses web services of the “Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems” (CSISS). This paper discusses effort, benefits and problems associated with the use of the web services. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 IS - 500 SP - 200 EP - 215 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reso, Judith ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Protein Classification Workflow JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - The protein classification workflow described in this report enables users to get information about a novel protein sequence automatically. The information is derived by different bioinformatic analysis tools which calculate or predict features of a protein sequence. Also, databases are used to compare the novel sequence with known proteins. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 65 EP - 72 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reinke, Thomas A1 - Glöde, Dirk A1 - Lauert, Alexander A1 - Kupries, Mario A1 - Horn, Erika T1 - An architecture type-based development environment for agent application systems Y1 - 1999 SN - 3-9501023-0-2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reinke, Thomas T1 - Objektorientierte Modellierung eines Sicherheitskonzeptes für Verwaltungsvorgänge JF - MOSVO-Bericht Y1 - 1996 VL - UP.014.1 PB - Univ. CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reinke, Thomas T1 - Architecture-based construction of multiagent systems Y1 - 2000 SN - 1-58603-013-2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reddy, S. M. A1 - Kunz, Wolfgang A1 - Pradhan, D. K. T1 - Novel verification framework combining structural and OBDD methods in a synthesis environment Y1 - 1995 SN - 0-8186-7213-7 SN - 0-8186-7214-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rabenalt, Thomas A1 - Richter, Michael A1 - Pöhl, Frank A1 - Gössel, Michael T1 - Highly efficient test response compaction using a hierarchical x-masking technique JF - IEEE transactions on computer-aided design of integrated circuits and systems N2 - This paper presents a highly effective compactor architecture for processing test responses with a high percentage of x-values. The key component is a hierarchical configurable masking register, which allows the compactor to dynamically adapt to and provide excellent performance over a wide range of x-densities. A major contribution of this paper is a technique that enables the efficient loading of the x-masking data into the masking logic in a parallel fashion using the scan chains. A method for eliminating the requirement for dedicated mask control signals using automated test equipment timing flexibility is also presented. The proposed compactor is especially suited to multisite testing. Experiments with industrial designs show that the proposed compactor enables compaction ratios exceeding 200x. KW - Design for testability (DFT) KW - test response compaction KW - X-masking KW - X-values Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2011.2181847 SN - 0278-0070 VL - 31 IS - 6 SP - 950 EP - 957 PB - Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rabenalt, Thomas A1 - Goessel, Michael A1 - Leininger, Andreas T1 - Masking of X-Values by use of a hierarchically configurable register JF - Journal of electronic testing : theory and applications N2 - In this paper we consider masking of unknowns (X-values) for VLSI circuits. We present a new hierarchical method of X-masking which is a major improvement of the method proposed in [4], called WIDE1. By the method proposed, the number of observable scan cells is optimized and data volume for X-masking can be significantly reduced in comparison to WIDEL This is demonstrated for three industrial designs. In cases where all X-values have to be masked the novel approach is especially efficient. KW - Masking of X-values KW - Hierarchically configurable mask register Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-010-5179-2 SN - 0923-8174 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 31 EP - 41 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Quante, Lennart A1 - Willner, Sven N. A1 - Middelanis, Robin A1 - Levermann, Anders T1 - Regions of intensification of extreme snowfall under future warming JF - Scientific reports N2 - Due to climate change the frequency and character of precipitation are changing as the hydrological cycle intensifies. With regards to snowfall, global warming has two opposing influences; increasing humidity enables intense snowfall, whereas higher temperatures decrease the likelihood of snowfall. Here we show an intensification of extreme snowfall across large areas of the Northern Hemisphere under future warming. This is robust across an ensemble of global climate models when they are bias-corrected with observational data. While mean daily snowfall decreases, both the 99th and the 99.9th percentiles of daily snowfall increase in many regions in the next decades, especially for Northern America and Asia. Additionally, the average intensity of snowfall events exceeding these percentiles as experienced historically increases in many regions. This is likely to pose a challenge to municipalities in mid to high latitudes. Overall, extreme snowfall events are likely to become an increasingly important impact of climate change in the next decades, even if they will become rarer, but not necessarily less intense, in the second half of the century. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95979-4 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Przybylla, Mareen A1 - Romeike, Ralf T1 - Empowering learners with tools in CS education BT - physical computing in secondary schools JF - it - Information Technology N2 - In computer science, computer systems are both, objects of investigation and tools that enable creative learning and design. Tools for learning have a long tradition in computer science education. Already in the late 1960s, Papert developed a concept which had an immense impact on the development of informal education in the following years: his theory of constructionism understands learning as a creative process of knowledge construction that is most effective when learners create something purposeful that they can try out, show around, discuss, analyse and receive praise for. By now, there are numerous learning and programming environments that are based on the constructionist ideas. Modern tools offer opportunities for students to learn in motivating ways and gain impressive results in programming games, animations, implementing 3D models or developing interactive objects. This article gives an overview of computer science education research related to tools and media to be used in educational settings. We analyse different types of tools with a special focus on the categorization and development of tools for student adequate physical computing activities in the classroom. Research around the development and evaluation of tools and learning resources in the domain of physical computing is illustrated with the example of "My Interactive Garden", a constructionist learning and programming environment. It is explained how the results from empirical studies are integrated in the continuous development of the learning material. KW - tools KW - media KW - resources KW - computer science education KW - physical computing Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2017-0032 SN - 1611-2776 SN - 2196-7032 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - 91 EP - 101 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prescher, Denise A1 - Bornschein, Jens A1 - Köhlmann, Wiebke A1 - Weber, Gerhard T1 - Touching graphical applications BT - bimanual tactile interaction on the HyperBraille pin-matrix display JF - Universal Access in the Information Society N2 - Novel two-dimensional tactile displays enable blind users to not only get access to the textual but also to the graphical content of a graphical user interface. Due to the higher amount of information that can be presented in parallel, orientation and exploration can be more complex. In this paper we present the HyperBraille system, which consists of a pin-matrix device as well as a graphical screen reader providing the user with appropriate presentation and interaction possibilities. To allow for a detailed analysis of bimanual interaction strategies on a pin-matrix device, we conducted two user studies with a total of 12 blind people. The task was to fill in .pdf forms on the pin-matrix device by using different input methods, namely gestures, built-in hardware buttons as well as a conventional PC keyboard. The forms were presented in a semigraphic view type that not only contains Braille but also tactile widgets in a spatial arrangement. While completion time and error rate partly depended on the chosen input method, the usage of special reading strategies seemed to be independent of it. A direct comparison of the system and a conventional assistive technology (screen reader with single-line Braille device) showed that interaction on the pin-matrix device can be very efficient if the user is trained. The two-dimensional output can improve access to .pdf forms with insufficient accessibility as the mapping of input controls and the corresponding labels can be supported by a spatial presentation. KW - Planar tactile display KW - Blind users KW - pdf forms KW - Screen reader KW - Gesture input KW - Key input Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-017-0538-8 SN - 1615-5289 SN - 1615-5297 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 391 EP - 409 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prasse, Paul A1 - Knaebel, Rene A1 - Machlica, Lukas A1 - Pevny, Tomas A1 - Scheffer, Tobias T1 - Joint detection of malicious domains and infected clients JF - Machine learning N2 - Detection of malware-infected computers and detection of malicious web domains based on their encrypted HTTPS traffic are challenging problems, because only addresses, timestamps, and data volumes are observable. The detection problems are coupled, because infected clients tend to interact with malicious domains. Traffic data can be collected at a large scale, and antivirus tools can be used to identify infected clients in retrospect. Domains, by contrast, have to be labeled individually after forensic analysis. We explore transfer learning based on sluice networks; this allows the detection models to bootstrap each other. In a large-scale experimental study, we find that the model outperforms known reference models and detects previously unknown malware, previously unknown malware families, and previously unknown malicious domains. KW - Machine learning KW - Neural networks KW - Computer security KW - Traffic data KW - Https traffic Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-019-05789-z SN - 0885-6125 SN - 1573-0565 VL - 108 IS - 8-9 SP - 1353 EP - 1368 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prasse, Paul A1 - Iversen, Pascal A1 - Lienhard, Matthias A1 - Thedinga, Kristina A1 - Herwig, Ralf A1 - Scheffer, Tobias T1 - Pre-Training on In Vitro and Fine-Tuning on Patient-Derived Data Improves Deep Neural Networks for Anti-Cancer Drug-Sensitivity Prediction JF - MDPI N2 - Large-scale databases that report the inhibitory capacities of many combinations of candidate drug compounds and cultivated cancer cell lines have driven the development of preclinical drug-sensitivity models based on machine learning. However, cultivated cell lines have devolved from human cancer cells over years or even decades under selective pressure in culture conditions. Moreover, models that have been trained on in vitro data cannot account for interactions with other types of cells. Drug-response data that are based on patient-derived cell cultures, xenografts, and organoids, on the other hand, are not available in the quantities that are needed to train high-capacity machine-learning models. We found that pre-training deep neural network models of drug sensitivity on in vitro drug-sensitivity databases before fine-tuning the model parameters on patient-derived data improves the models’ accuracy and improves the biological plausibility of the features, compared to training only on patient-derived data. From our experiments, we can conclude that pre-trained models outperform models that have been trained on the target domains in the vast majority of cases. KW - deep neural networks KW - drug-sensitivity prediction KW - anti-cancer drugs Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14163950 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 14 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prasse, Paul A1 - Iversen, Pascal A1 - Lienhard, Matthias A1 - Thedinga, Kristina A1 - Bauer, Christopher A1 - Herwig, Ralf A1 - Scheffer, Tobias T1 - Matching anticancer compounds and tumor cell lines by neural networks with ranking loss JF - NAR: genomics and bioinformatics N2 - Computational drug sensitivity models have the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes by identifying targeted drug components that are likely to achieve the highest efficacy for a cancer cell line at hand at a therapeutic dose. State of the art drug sensitivity models use regression techniques to predict the inhibitory concentration of a drug for a tumor cell line. This regression objective is not directly aligned with either of these principal goals of drug sensitivity models: We argue that drug sensitivity modeling should be seen as a ranking problem with an optimization criterion that quantifies a drug's inhibitory capacity for the cancer cell line at hand relative to its toxicity for healthy cells. We derive an extension to the well-established drug sensitivity regression model PaccMann that employs a ranking loss and focuses on the ratio of inhibitory concentration and therapeutic dosage range. We find that the ranking extension significantly enhances the model's capability to identify the most effective anticancer drugs for unseen tumor cell profiles based in on in-vitro data. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/nargab/lqab128 SN - 2631-9268 VL - 4 IS - 1 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pradhan, D. K. A1 - Chatterjee, M. A1 - Swarna, M. A1 - Kunz, Wolfgang T1 - Implication-based gate-level synthesis for low-power Y1 - 1996 SN - 0-7803-3571-6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pousttchi, Key A1 - Gleiß, Alexander T1 - Surrounded by middlemen - how multi-sided platforms change the insurance industry JF - Electron Markets N2 - Multi-sided platforms (MSP) strongly affect markets and play a crucial part within the digital and networked economy. Although empirical evidence indicates their occurrence in many industries, research has not investigated the game-changing impact of MSP on traditional markets to a sufficient extent. More specifically, we have little knowledge of how MSP affect value creation and customer interaction in entire markets, exploiting the potential of digital technologies to offer new value propositions. Our paper addresses this research gap and provides an initial systematic approach to analyze the impact of MSP on the insurance industry. For this purpose, we analyze the state of the art in research and practice in order to develop a reference model of the value network for the insurance industry. On this basis, we conduct a case-study analysis to discover and analyze roles which are occupied or even newly created by MSP. As a final step, we categorize MSP with regard to their relation to traditional insurance companies, resulting in a classification scheme with four MSP standard types: Competition, Coordination, Cooperation, Collaboration. KW - Multi-sided platforms KW - Insurance industry KW - Value network KW - Digitalization KW - Customer ownership Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-019-00363-w SN - 1019-6781 SN - 1422-8890 VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 609 EP - 629 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER -