TY - GEN A1 - Shan, Yuli A1 - Guan, Dabo A1 - Hubacek, Klaus A1 - Zheng, Bo A1 - Davis, Steven J. A1 - Jia, Lichao A1 - Liu, Jianghua A1 - Liu, Zhu A1 - Fromer, Neil A1 - Mi, Zhifu A1 - Meng, Jing A1 - Deng, Xiangzheng A1 - Li, Yuan A1 - Lin, Jintai A1 - Schroeder, Heike A1 - Weisz, Helga A1 - Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim T1 - City-level climate change mitigation in China T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - As national efforts to reduce CO2 emissions intensify, policy-makers need increasingly specific, subnational information about the sources of CO2 and the potential reductions and economic implications of different possible policies. This is particularly true in China, a large and economically diverse country that has rapidly industrialized and urbanized and that has pledged under the Paris Agreement that its emissions will peak by 2030. We present new, city level estimates of CO2 emissions for 182 Chinese cities, decomposed into 17 different fossil fuels, 46 socioeconomic sectors, and 7 industrial processes. We find that more affluent cities have systematically lower emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP), supported by imports from less affluent, industrial cities located nearby. In turn, clusters of industrial cities are supported by nearby centers of coal or oil extraction. Whereas policies directly targeting manufacturing and electric power infrastructure would drastically undermine the GDP of industrial cities, consumption based policies might allow emission reductions to be subsidized by those with greater ability to pay. In particular, sector based analysis of each city suggests that technological improvements could be a practical and effective means of reducing emissions while maintaining growth and the current economic structure and energy system. We explore city-level emission reductions under three scenarios of technological progress to show that substantial reductions (up to 31%) are possible by updating a disproportionately small fraction of existing infrastructure. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1096 KW - carbon-dioxide emissions KW - fired power plants KW - co2 emissions KW - energy use KW - cluster analysis KW - uncertainties KW - urbanization KW - methodology KW - combustion KW - inventory Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-471541 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1096 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Lei A1 - Tang, Renjie A1 - Zhu, Jinqi A1 - Liu, Hua A1 - Mueller-Roeber, Bernd A1 - Xia, Huijun A1 - Zhang, Hongxia T1 - Enhancement of stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressing AtIpk2β, an inositol polyphosphate 6-/3-kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Inositol phosphates (IPs) and their turnover products have been implicated to play important roles in stress signaling in eukaryotic cells. In higher plants genes encoding inositol polyphosphate kinases have been identified previously, but their physiological functions have not been fully resolved. Here we expressed Arabidopsis inositol polyphosphate 6-/3-kinase (AtIpk2 beta) in two heterologous systems, i.e. the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and tested the effect on abiotic stress tolerance. Expression of AtIpk2 beta rescued the salt-, osmotic- and temperature-sensitive growth defects of a yeast mutant strain (arg82 Delta) that lacks inositol polyphosphate multikinase activity encoded by the ARG82/IPK2 gene. Transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressing AtIpk2 beta under the control of the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter were generated and found to exhibit improved tolerance to diverse abiotic stresses when compared to wild type plants. Expression patterns of various stress responsive genes were enhanced, and the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes were elevated in transgenic plants, suggesting a possible involvement of AtIpk2 beta in plant stress responses. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 954 KW - arabidopsis thaliana KW - AtIpk2 beta KW - inositol phosphate KW - IP3 KW - stress tolerance KW - transgenic tobacco Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431225 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 954 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheng, Shifeng A1 - van den Bergh, Erik A1 - Zeng, Peng A1 - Zhong, Xiao A1 - Xu, Jiajia A1 - Liu, Xin A1 - Hofberger, Johannes A1 - de Bruijn, Suzanne A1 - Bhide, Amey S. A1 - Kuelahoglu, Canan A1 - Bian, Chao A1 - Chen, Jing A1 - Fan, Guangyi A1 - Kaufmann, Kerstin A1 - Hall, Jocelyn C. A1 - Becker, Annette A1 - Bräutigam, Andrea A1 - Weber, Andreas P. M. A1 - Shi, Chengcheng A1 - Zheng, Zhijun A1 - Li, Wujiao A1 - Lv, Mingju A1 - Tao, Yimin A1 - Wang, Junyi A1 - Zou, Hongfeng A1 - Quan, Zhiwu A1 - Hibberd, Julian M. A1 - Zhang, Gengyun A1 - Zhu, Xin-Guang A1 - Xu, Xun A1 - Schranz, M. Eric T1 - The Tarenaya hassleriana Genome Provides insight Into Reproductive Trait and Genome Evolution of Crucifers JF - The plant cell N2 - The Brassicaceae, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica crops, is unmatched among plants in its wealth of genomic and functional molecular data and has long served as a model for understanding gene, genome, and trait evolution. However, genome information from a phylogenetic outgroup that is essential for inferring directionality of evolutionary change has been lacking. We therefore sequenced the genome of the spider flower (Tarenaya hassleriana) from the Brassicaceae sister family, the Cleomaceae. By comparative analysis of the two lineages, we show that genome evolution following ancient polyploidy and gene duplication events affect reproductively important traits. We found an ancient genome triplication in Tarenaya (Th-alpha) that is independent of the Brassicaceae-specific duplication (At-alpha) and nested Brassica (Br-a) triplication. To showcase the potential of sister lineage genome analysis, we investigated the state of floral developmental genes and show Brassica retains twice as many floral MADS (for MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE1, AGAMOUS, DEFICIENS and SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR) genes as Tarenaya that likely contribute to morphological diversity in Brassica. We also performed synteny analysis of gene families that confer self-incompatibility in Brassicaceae and found that the critical SERINE RECEPTOR KINASE receptor gene is derived from a lineage-specific tandem duplication. The T. hassleriana genome will facilitate future research toward elucidating the evolutionary history of Brassicaceae genomes. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.113480 SN - 1040-4651 VL - 25 IS - 8 SP - 2813 EP - 2830 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sun, Sheng-Yun A1 - Huang, Jin A1 - Meng, Min-Jie A1 - Lu, Jia-Hai A1 - Hocher, Berthold A1 - Liu, Kang-Li A1 - Yang, Qin-He A1 - Zhu, Xiao-Feng T1 - Improvement of lipid profile and reduction of body weight by Shan He Jian Fei Granules in high fat diet-induced obese rats JF - Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion N2 - Background: The goal was to study lipid profiles (TG, TC, LDL, HDL), effects on serum leptin, and fat tissue adiponectin, and resistin as well as body weight effects of Shan He Jian Fei Granules (SHJFG) in rats on a high fat diet. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group fed with normal fat diet, rats on high fat diet receiving low dosage, middle dosage, high dosage of Shan He Jian Fei Granules (SHJFG) as well as a high fat diet group receiving placebo. Rats were treated for 8 weeks. Body weight and naso-anal length of each rat were recorded and Lee's index was calculated. Serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and leptin concentrations were analyzed. The gene expressions of adiponectin and resistin in adipose tissues were tested by RT-PCR. Results: Compared to the high-fat diet group, body weights, Lee's indexes, weight of fat tissues and serum TG, TC, LDL and leptin of SHJFG groups significantly decreased (p<0.05), whereas mRNA expressions of adiponectin and resistin of SHJFG groups significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusions: SHJFG could significantly lower body weight and serum TG, TC, and LDL of obese rats. The effects of SHJFG in lowering leptin synthesis and raising mRNA expression of adiponectin and resistin in fat tissues may act as part of the mechanisms in lowering body weight of obese rats. Further studies are needed to demonstrate whether SHJFG may also reduce overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality like other lipid lowering drugs. KW - obesity KW - high-fat diet KW - Shan He Jian Fei Granules (SHJFG) KW - lipid KW - adiponectin KW - resistin KW - leptin Y1 - 2012 SN - 1433-6510 VL - 58 IS - 1-2 SP - 81 EP - 87 PB - Clin Lab Publ., Verl. Klinisches Labor CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garakani, Tayebeh Mirzaei A1 - Liu, Zhanzhi A1 - Glebe, Ulrich A1 - Gehrmann, Julia A1 - Lazar, Jaroslav A1 - Mertens, Marie Anna Stephanie A1 - Möller, Mieke A1 - Hamzelui, Niloofar A1 - Zhu, Leilei A1 - Schnakenberg, Uwe A1 - Böker, Alexander A1 - Schwaneberg, Ulrich T1 - In Situ Monitoring of Membrane Protein Insertion into Block Copolymer Vesicle Membranes and Their Spreading via Potential-Assisted Approach JF - ACS applied materials & interfaces N2 - Synthosomes are polymer vesicles with trans membrane proteins incorporated into block copolymer membranes. They have been used for selective transport in or out of the vesicles as well as catalysis inside the compartments. However, both the insertion process of the membrane protein, forming nanopores, and the spreading of the vesicles on planar substrates to form solid-supported biomimetic membranes have been rarely studied yet. Herein, we address these two points and, first, shed light on the real-time monitoring of protein insertion via isothermal titration calorimetry. Second, the spreading process on different solid supports, namely, SiO2, glass, and gold, via different techniques like spin- and dip-coating as well as a completely new approach of potential-assisted spreading on gold surfaces was studied. While inhomogeneous layers occur via traditional methods, our proposed potential-assisted strategy to induce adsorption of positively charged vesicles by applying negative potential on the electrode leads to remarkable vesicle spreading and their further fusion to form more homogeneous planar copolymer films on gold. The polymer vesicles in our study are formed from amphiphilic copolymers poly(2-methyl oxazoline)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(2-methyl oxazoline) (PMOXA-b-PDMS-b-PMOXA). Engineered variants of the transmembrane protein ferric hydroxamate uptake protein component A (FhuA), one of the largest beta-barrel channel proteins, are used as model nanopores. The incorporation of FhuA Delta 1-160 is shown to facilitate the vesicle spreading process further. Moreover, high accessibility of cysteine inside the channel was proven by linkage of a fluorescent dye inside the engineered variant FhuA Delta CVFtev and hence preserved functionality of the channels after spreading. The porosity and functionality of the spread synthosomes on the gold plates have been examined by studying the passive ion transport response in the presence of Li+ and ClO4- ions and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. Our approach to form solid-supported biomimetic membranes via the potential-assisted strategy could be important for the development of new (bio-) sensors and membranes. KW - synthosomes KW - solid-supported biomimetic membranes KW - polymersome spreading KW - electrochemical impedance spectroscopy KW - FhuA Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b09302 SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 11 IS - 32 SP - 29276 EP - 29289 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gudipudi, Venkata Ramana A1 - Rybski, Diego A1 - Lüdeke, Matthias K. B. A1 - Zhou, Bin A1 - Liu, Zhu A1 - Kropp, Jürgen T1 - The efficient, the intensive, and the productive BT - Insights from urban Kaya scaling JF - Applied Energy N2 - Urban areas play an unprecedented role in potentially mitigating climate change and supporting sustainable development. In light of the rapid urbanisation in many parts on the globe, it is crucial to understand the relationship between settlement size and CO2 emission efficiency of cities. Recent literature on urban scaling properties of emissions as a function of population size has led to contradictory results and more importantly, lacked an in-depth investigation of the essential factors and causes explaining such scaling properties. Therefore, in analogy to the well-established Kaya Identity, we develop a relation combining the involved exponents. We demonstrate that application of this Urban Kaya Relation will enable a comprehensive understanding about the intrinsic factors determining emission efficiencies in large cities by applying it to a global dataset of 61 cities. Contrary to traditional urban scaling studies which use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, we show that the Reduced Major Axis (RMA) is necessary when complex relations among scaling exponents are to be investigated. RMA is given by the geometric mean of the two OLS slopes obtained by interchanging the dependent and independent variable. We discuss the potential of the Urban Kaya Relation in mainstreaming local actions for climate change mitigation. KW - Sustainable cities KW - Urban CO2 emissions KW - Urban scaling KW - Kaya Identity KW - Urban Kaya relation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.054 SN - 0306-2619 SN - 1872-9118 VL - 236 SP - 155 EP - 162 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stefancu, Andrei A1 - Nan, Lin A1 - Zhu, Li A1 - Chis, Vasile A1 - Bald, Ilko A1 - Liu, Min A1 - Leopold, Nicolae A1 - Maier, Stefan A. A1 - Cortes, Emiliano T1 - Controlling plasmonic chemistry pathways through specific ion effects JF - Advanced optical materials N2 - Plasmon-driven dehalogenation of brominated purines has been recently explored as a model system to understand fundamental aspects of plasmon-assisted chemical reactions. Here, it is shown that divalent Ca2+ ions strongly bridge the adsorption of bromoadenine (Br-Ade) to Ag surfaces. Such ion-mediated binding increases the molecule's adsorption energy leading to an overlap of the metal energy states and the molecular states, enabling the chemical interface damping (CID) of the plasmon modes of the Ag nanostructures (i.e., direct electron transfer from the metal to Br-Ade). Consequently, the conversion of Br-Ade to adenine almost doubles following the addition of Ca2+. These experimental results, supported by theoretical calculations of the local density of states of the Ag/Br-Ade complex, indicate a change of the charge transfer pathway driving the dehalogenation reaction, from Landau damping (in the lack of Ca2+ ions) to CID (after the addition of Ca2+). The results show that the surface dynamics of chemical species (including water molecules) play an essential role in charge transfer at plasmonic interfaces and cannot be ignored. It is envisioned that these results will help in designing more efficient nanoreactors, harnessing the full potential of plasmon-assisted chemistry. KW - chemical interface damping KW - Hofmeister effect KW - hydration layer KW - plasmonic chemistry KW - specific ion effects KW - surface-enhanced Raman scattering Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202200397 SN - 2195-1071 VL - 10 IS - 14 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Hui A1 - Shprits, Yuri A1 - Chen, Lunjin A1 - Liu, Xu A1 - Kellerman, Adam C. T1 - An event on simultaneous amplification of exohiss and chorus waves associated with electron density enhancements JF - Journal of geophysical research : Space physics N2 - Whistler mode exohiss are the structureless hiss waves observed outside the plasma pause with featured equatorward Poynting flux. An event of the amplification of exohiss as well as chorus waves was recorded by Van Allen Probes during the recovery phase of a weak geomagnetic storm. Amplitudes of both types of the waves showed a significant increase at the regions of electron density enhancements. It is found that the electrons resonant with exohiss and chorus showed moderate pitch angle anisotropies. The ratio of the number of electrons resonating with exohiss to total electron number presented in-phase correlation with density variations, which suggests that exohiss can be amplified due to electron density enhancement in terms of cyclotron instability. The calculation of linear growth rates further supports above conclusion. We suggest that exohiss waves have potential to become more significant due to the background plasma fluctuation. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JA025023 SN - 2169-9380 SN - 2169-9402 VL - 123 IS - 11 SP - 8958 EP - 8968 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Hui A1 - Chen, Lunjin A1 - Liu, Xu A1 - Shprits, Yuri T1 - Modulation of locally generated equatorial noise by ULF wave JF - Journal of geophysical research : Space physics N2 - In this paper we report a rare and fortunate event of fast magnetosonic (MS, also called equatorial noise) waves modulated by compressional ultralow frequency (ULF) waves measured by Van Allen Probes. The characteristics of MS waves, ULF waves, proton distribution, and their potential correlations are analyzed. The results show that ULF waves can modulate the energetic ring proton distribution and in turn modulate the MS generation. Furthermore, the variation of MS intensities is attributed to not only ULF wave activities but also the variation of background parameters, for example, number density. The results confirm the opinion that MS waves are generated by proton ring distribution and propose a new modulation phenomenon. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026199 SN - 2169-9380 SN - 2169-9402 VL - 124 IS - 4 SP - 2779 EP - 2787 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER -