TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Wanyi A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Zhang, Chengjun A1 - Gao, Dou A1 - Fan, Rong T1 - Ostracod distribution and habitat relationships in the Kunlun Mountains, northern Tibetan Plateau JF - Quaternary international : the journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research N2 - Surface sediment samples were collected from the lakes Heihai, Kusai, Haiding Nuur and Yan Hu, and from streams and ponds in the Kunlun Mountains at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the sub-fossil ostracod (micro-crustacean) fauna of the region. Among 65 collected samples, 46 ostracod shell-rich samples were used to study the relationship between the ostracod distribution and specific conductivity (SC) of the water, which ranged from 0.6 to 53.0 mS cm(-1). A total of eleven ostracod species was identified from this region, with about half of the species restricted to the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent mountain areas, and the other half representing Holarctic taxa. Tonnacypris cf. estonica and Tonnacypris tonnensis are reported from the Tibetan Plateau for the first time. Leucocythere sp. is the dominant species and Ilyocypris cf. bradyi is also relatively abundant. The other seven species were recorded with limited abundances apparently due to lower SC tolerances. Leucocythere sp. was recorded over the full SC range from 0.6 to 53 mS cm(-1). Eucypris mareotica is a typical brackish and saline water species, which was found at sample sites with high SC (2.8-53.0 mS cm(-1)). In contrast, Leucocythere dorsotuberosa, Candona candida and Eucypris afghanistanensis prefer freshwater to slightly oli-gohaline waters with SC < 1.8 mS cm(-1). The SC optimum and tolerance range for each species were determined and compared to earlier reported data from other regions of Central Asia. The results indicate that species assemblage data from fossil ostracod shells have a large potential to provide information on past SC levels and more general climate-determined moisture conditions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.06.020 SN - 1040-6182 VL - 313 SP - 38 EP - 46 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Shun-Gang A1 - Li, Ji A1 - Zhang, Fan A1 - Xiao, Bo A1 - Hu, Jia-Ming A1 - Cui, Yin-Qiu A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Hou, Xin-Dong A1 - Sheng, Gui-Lian A1 - Lai, Xu-Long A1 - Yuan, Jun-Xia T1 - Different maternal lineages revealed by ancient mitochondrial genome of Camelus bactrianus from China JF - Mitochondrial DNA Part A N2 - Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) used to be one of the most important livestock species in Chinese history, as well as the major transport carrier on the ancient Silk Road. However, archeological studies on Chinese C. bactrianus are still limited, and molecular biology research on this species is mainly focused on modern specimens. In this study, we retrieved the complete mitochondrial genome from a C. bactrianus specimen, which was excavated from northwestern China and dated at 1290-1180 cal. Phylogenetic analyses using 18 mitochondrial genomes indicated that the C. bactrianus clade was divided into two maternal lineages. The majority of samples originating from Iran to Japan and Mongolia belong to subclade A1, while our sample together with two Mongolian individuals formed the much smaller subclade A2. Furthermore, the divergence time of these two maternal lineages was estimated as 165 Kya (95% credibility interval 117-222 Kya), this might indicate that several different evolutionary lineages were incorporated into the domestic gene pool during the initial domestication process. Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analysis a slow increase in female effective population size of C. bactrianus from 5000 years ago, which to the beginning of domestication of C. bactrianus. The present study also revealed that there were extensive exchanges of genetic information among C. bactrianus populations in regions along the Silk Road. KW - Camelus bactrianus KW - mitochondrial genome KW - ancient DNA KW - phylogeny KW - maternal lineages Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1659250 SN - 2470-1394 SN - 2470-1408 VL - 30 IS - 7 SP - 786 EP - 793 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang Chengjun, A1 - Fan Rong, A1 - Li Jun, A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Dembele, Blaise A1 - Hu Xiaolan, T1 - Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions - how lacustrine environmental factors respond in northwestern and northeastern China JF - Acta geologica Sinica : english edition N2 - Surface lake sediments, 28 from Hoh Xil, 24 from northeastern China, 99 from Lake Bosten, 31 from Ulungur and 26 from Heihai were collected to determine C-13 and O-18 values. Considering the impact factors, conductivity, alkalinity, pH, TOC, C/N and carbonate-content in the sediments, Cl, P, S, and metal element ratios of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Fe/Mn of bulk sediments as environmental variables enable evaluation of their influences on C-13 and O-18 using principal component analysis (PCA) method. The closure and residence time of lakes can influence the correlation between C-13 and O-18. Lake water will change from fresh to brackish with increasing reduction and eutrophication effects. Mg/Ca in the bulk sediment indicates the characteristic of residence time, Sr/Ca and Fe/Mn infer the salinity of lakes. Carbonate formation processes and types can influence the C-13-O-18 correlation. O-18 will be heavier from Mg-calcite and aragonite formed in a high-salinity water body than calcite formed in freshwater conditions. When carbonate content is less than 30%, there is no relationship with either C-13 or O-18, and also none between C-13 and O-18. More than 30%, carbonate content, however, co-varies highly to C-13 and O-18, and there is also a high correlation between C-13 and O-18. Vegetation conditions and primary productivity of lakes can influence the characteristics of C-13 and O-18, and their co-variance. Total organic matter content (TOC) in the sediments is higher with more terrestrial and submerged plants infilling. In northeastern and northwestern China, when organic matter in the lake sediments comes from endogenous floating organisms and algae, the C-13 value is high. C-13 is in the range of -4%o to 0 parts per thousand when organic matter comes mainly from floating organisms (C/N<6); in the range of -4 parts per thousand to 8 parts per thousand when organic matter comes from diatoms (C/N=6 to 8); and -8 parts per thousand to -4 parts per thousand when organic matter comes from aquatic and terrestrial plants (C/N>8). KW - Limnology KW - isotopic analysis KW - carbonates KW - organic matter KW - PCA KW - Tibet KW - Xinjiang KW - Northeastern China Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12133 SN - 1000-9515 SN - 1755-6724 VL - 87 IS - 5 SP - 1344 EP - 1354 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheng, Shifeng A1 - van den Bergh, Erik A1 - Zeng, Peng A1 - Zhong, Xiao A1 - Xu, Jiajia A1 - Liu, Xin A1 - Hofberger, Johannes A1 - de Bruijn, Suzanne A1 - Bhide, Amey S. A1 - Kuelahoglu, Canan A1 - Bian, Chao A1 - Chen, Jing A1 - Fan, Guangyi A1 - Kaufmann, Kerstin A1 - Hall, Jocelyn C. A1 - Becker, Annette A1 - Bräutigam, Andrea A1 - Weber, Andreas P. M. A1 - Shi, Chengcheng A1 - Zheng, Zhijun A1 - Li, Wujiao A1 - Lv, Mingju A1 - Tao, Yimin A1 - Wang, Junyi A1 - Zou, Hongfeng A1 - Quan, Zhiwu A1 - Hibberd, Julian M. A1 - Zhang, Gengyun A1 - Zhu, Xin-Guang A1 - Xu, Xun A1 - Schranz, M. Eric T1 - The Tarenaya hassleriana Genome Provides insight Into Reproductive Trait and Genome Evolution of Crucifers JF - The plant cell N2 - The Brassicaceae, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica crops, is unmatched among plants in its wealth of genomic and functional molecular data and has long served as a model for understanding gene, genome, and trait evolution. However, genome information from a phylogenetic outgroup that is essential for inferring directionality of evolutionary change has been lacking. We therefore sequenced the genome of the spider flower (Tarenaya hassleriana) from the Brassicaceae sister family, the Cleomaceae. By comparative analysis of the two lineages, we show that genome evolution following ancient polyploidy and gene duplication events affect reproductively important traits. We found an ancient genome triplication in Tarenaya (Th-alpha) that is independent of the Brassicaceae-specific duplication (At-alpha) and nested Brassica (Br-a) triplication. To showcase the potential of sister lineage genome analysis, we investigated the state of floral developmental genes and show Brassica retains twice as many floral MADS (for MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE1, AGAMOUS, DEFICIENS and SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR) genes as Tarenaya that likely contribute to morphological diversity in Brassica. We also performed synteny analysis of gene families that confer self-incompatibility in Brassicaceae and found that the critical SERINE RECEPTOR KINASE receptor gene is derived from a lineage-specific tandem duplication. The T. hassleriana genome will facilitate future research toward elucidating the evolutionary history of Brassicaceae genomes. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.113480 SN - 1040-4651 VL - 25 IS - 8 SP - 2813 EP - 2830 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Haocheng A1 - Chen, Xuhui A1 - Böttcher, Markus A1 - Guo, Fan A1 - Li, Hui T1 - Polarization swings reveal magnetic energy dissipation in blazars JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - The polarization signatures of blazar emissions are known to be highly variable. In addition to small fluctuations of the polarization angle around a mean value, large (greater than or similar to 180 degrees) polarization angle swings are sometimes observed. We suggest that such phenomena can be interpreted as arising from light travel time effects within an underlying axisymmetric emission region. We present the first simultaneous fitting of the multi-wavelength spectrum, variability, and time-dependent polarization features of a correlated optical and gamma-ray flaring event of the prominent blazar 3C279, which was accompanied by a drastic change in its polarization signatures. This unprecedented combination of spectral, variability, and polarization information in a coherent physical model allows us to place stringent constraints on the particle acceleration and magnetic field topology in the relativistic jet of a blazar, strongly favoring a scenario in which magnetic energy dissipation is the primary driver of the flare event. KW - galaxies: active KW - galaxies: jets KW - gamma-rays: galaxies KW - radiation mechanisms: nonthermal KW - relativistic processes Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/58 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 804 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Zhang, Chengjun A1 - Fan, Rong T1 - Early to mid-Holocene lake high-stand sediments at Lake Donggi Cona, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China - T2 - Quaternary research : an interdisciplinary journal KW - Microfossils KW - Ostracoda KW - Lake level KW - Wetlands KW - Depositional setting KW - Tibetan Plateau KW - Holocene Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.06.005 SN - 0033-5894 SN - 1096-0287 VL - 83 IS - 1 SP - 256 EP - 258 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fan, Xuanmei A1 - Scaringi, Gianvito A1 - Korup, Oliver A1 - West, A. Joshua A1 - van Westen, Cees J. A1 - Tanyas, Hakan A1 - Hovius, Niels A1 - Hales, Tristram C. A1 - Jibson, Randall W. A1 - Allstadt, Kate E. A1 - Zhang, Limin A1 - Evans, Stephen G. A1 - Xu, Chong A1 - Li, Gen A1 - Pei, Xiangjun A1 - Xu, Qiang A1 - Huang, Runqiu T1 - Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards BT - Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts JF - Reviews of geophysics N2 - Large earthquakes initiate chains of surface processes that last much longer than the brief moments of strong shaking. Most moderate‐ and large‐magnitude earthquakes trigger landslides, ranging from small failures in the soil cover to massive, devastating rock avalanches. Some landslides dam rivers and impound lakes, which can collapse days to centuries later, and flood mountain valleys for hundreds of kilometers downstream. Landslide deposits on slopes can remobilize during heavy rainfall and evolve into debris flows. Cracks and fractures can form and widen on mountain crests and flanks, promoting increased frequency of landslides that lasts for decades. More gradual impacts involve the flushing of excess debris downstream by rivers, which can generate bank erosion and floodplain accretion as well as channel avulsions that affect flooding frequency, settlements, ecosystems, and infrastructure. Ultimately, earthquake sequences and their geomorphic consequences alter mountain landscapes over both human and geologic time scales. Two recent events have attracted intense research into earthquake‐induced landslides and their consequences: the magnitude M 7.6 Chi‐Chi, Taiwan earthquake of 1999, and the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake of 2008. Using data and insights from these and several other earthquakes, we analyze how such events initiate processes that change mountain landscapes, highlight research gaps, and suggest pathways toward a more complete understanding of the seismic effects on the Earth's surface. KW - earthquake-induced landslides KW - debris flows KW - geohazards KW - landscape evolution KW - sediment cascade KW - continental earthquakes Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000626 SN - 8755-1209 SN - 1944-9208 VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - 421 EP - 503 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER -