TY - JOUR A1 - Fages, Antoine A1 - Hanghoj, Kristian A1 - Khan, Naveed A1 - Gaunitz, Charleen A1 - Seguin-Orlando, Andaine A1 - Leonardi, Michela A1 - Constantz, Christian McCrory A1 - Gamba, Cristina A1 - Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. A1 - Albizuri, Silvia A1 - Alfarhan, Ahmed H. A1 - Allentoft, Morten A1 - Alquraishi, Saleh A1 - Anthony, David A1 - Baimukhanov, Nurbol A1 - Barrett, James H. A1 - Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav A1 - Benecke, Norbert A1 - Bernaldez-Sanchez, Eloisa A1 - Berrocal-Rangel, Luis A1 - Biglari, Fereidoun A1 - Boessenkool, Sanne A1 - Boldgiv, Bazartseren A1 - Brem, Gottfried A1 - Brown, Dorcas A1 - Burger, Joachim A1 - Crubezy, Eric A1 - Daugnora, Linas A1 - Davoudi, Hossein A1 - Damgaard, Peter de Barros A1 - de Chorro y de Villa-Ceballos, Maria de los Angeles A1 - Deschler-Erb, Sabine A1 - Detry, Cleia A1 - Dill, Nadine A1 - Oom, Maria do Mar A1 - Dohr, Anna A1 - Ellingvag, Sturla A1 - Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav A1 - Fathi, Homa A1 - Felkel, Sabine A1 - Fernandez-Rodriguez, Carlos A1 - Garcia-Vinas, Esteban A1 - Germonpre, Mietje A1 - Granado, Jose D. A1 - Hallsson, Jon H. A1 - Hemmer, Helmut A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Kasparov, Aleksei A1 - Khasanov, Mutalib A1 - Khazaeli, Roya A1 - Kosintsev, Pavel A1 - Kristiansen, Kristian A1 - Kubatbek, Tabaldiev A1 - Kuderna, Lukas A1 - Kuznetsov, Pavel A1 - Laleh, Haeedeh A1 - Leonard, Jennifer A. A1 - Lhuillier, Johanna A1 - von Lettow-Vorbeck, Corina Liesau A1 - Logvin, Andrey A1 - Lougas, Lembi A1 - Ludwig, Arne A1 - Luis, Cristina A1 - Arruda, Ana Margarida A1 - Marques-Bonet, Tomas A1 - Silva, Raquel Matoso A1 - Merz, Victor A1 - Mijiddorj, Enkhbayar A1 - Miller, Bryan K. A1 - Monchalov, Oleg A1 - Mohaseb, Fatemeh A. A1 - Morales, Arturo A1 - Nieto-Espinet, Ariadna A1 - Nistelberger, Heidi A1 - Onar, Vedat A1 - Palsdottir, Albina H. A1 - Pitulko, Vladimir A1 - Pitskhelauri, Konstantin A1 - Pruvost, Melanie A1 - Sikanjic, Petra Rajic A1 - Papesa, Anita Rapan A1 - Roslyakova, Natalia A1 - Sardari, Alireza A1 - Sauer, Eberhard A1 - Schafberg, Renate A1 - Scheu, Amelie A1 - Schibler, Jorg A1 - Schlumbaum, Angela A1 - Serrand, Nathalie A1 - Serres-Armero, Aitor A1 - Shapiro, Beth A1 - Seno, Shiva Sheikhi A1 - Shevnina, Irina A1 - Shidrang, Sonia A1 - Southon, John A1 - Star, Bastiaan A1 - Sykes, Naomi A1 - Taheri, Kamal A1 - Taylor, William A1 - Teegen, Wolf-Rudiger A1 - Vukicevic, Tajana Trbojevic A1 - Trixl, Simon A1 - Tumen, Dashzeveg A1 - Undrakhbold, Sainbileg A1 - Usmanova, Emma A1 - Vahdati, Ali A1 - Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia A1 - Viegas, Catarina A1 - Wallner, Barbara A1 - Weinstock, Jaco A1 - Zaibert, Victor A1 - Clavel, Benoit A1 - Lepetz, Sebastien A1 - Mashkour, Marjan A1 - Helgason, Agnar A1 - Stefansson, Kari A1 - Barrey, Eric A1 - Willerslev, Eske A1 - Outram, Alan K. A1 - Librado, Pablo A1 - Orlando, Ludovic T1 - Tracking five millennia of horse management with extensive ancient genome time series JF - Cell N2 - Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (>= 1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modem legacy of past equestrian civilisations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse lineages increased following the Islamic conquests in Europe and Asia. Multiple alleles associated with elite-racing, including at the MSTN "speed gene," only rose in popularity within the last millennium. Finally, the development of modem breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.049 SN - 0092-8674 SN - 1097-4172 VL - 177 IS - 6 SP - 1419 EP - 1435 PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heger, Tina A1 - Bernard-Verdier, Maud A1 - Gessler, Arthur A1 - Greenwood, Alex D. A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Hilker, Monika A1 - Keinath, Silvia A1 - Kowarik, Ingo A1 - Küffer, Christoph A1 - Marquard, Elisabeth A1 - Mueller, Johannes A1 - Niemeier, Stephanie A1 - Onandia, Gabriela A1 - Petermann, Jana S. A1 - Rillig, Matthias C. A1 - Rodel, Mark-Oliver A1 - Saul, Wolf-Christian A1 - Schittko, Conrad A1 - Tockner, Klement A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Jeschke, Jonathan M. T1 - Towards an Integrative, Eco-Evolutionary Understanding of Ecological Novelty: Studying and Communicating Interlinked Effects of Global Change JF - Bioscience N2 - Global change has complex eco-evolutionary consequences for organisms and ecosystems, but related concepts (e.g., novel ecosystems) do not cover their full range. Here we propose an umbrella concept of "ecological novelty" comprising (1) a site-specific and (2) an organism-centered, eco-evolutionary perspective. Under this umbrella, complementary options for studying and communicating effects of global change on organisms, ecosystems, and landscapes can be included in a toolbox. This allows researchers to address ecological novelty from different perspectives, e.g., by defining it based on (a) categorical or continuous measures, (b) reference conditions related to sites or organisms, and (c) types of human activities. We suggest striving for a descriptive, non-normative usage of the term "ecological novelty" in science. Normative evaluations and decisions about conservation policies or management are important, but require additional societal processes and engagement with multiple stakeholders. KW - Anthropocene KW - eco-evolutionary experience KW - global change KW - novel ecosystems KW - shifting baselines Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz095 SN - 0006-3568 SN - 1525-3244 VL - 69 IS - 11 SP - 888 EP - 899 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Banks, Jo Ann A1 - Nishiyama, Tomoaki A1 - Hasebe, Mitsuyasu A1 - Bowman, John L. A1 - Gribskov, Michael A1 - dePamphilis, Claude A1 - Albert, Victor A. A1 - Aono, Naoki A1 - Aoyama, Tsuyoshi A1 - Ambrose, Barbara A. A1 - Ashton, Neil W. A1 - Axtell, Michael J. A1 - Barker, Elizabeth A1 - Barker, Michael S. A1 - Bennetzen, Jeffrey L. A1 - Bonawitz, Nicholas D. A1 - Chapple, Clint A1 - Cheng, Chaoyang A1 - Correa, Luiz Gustavo Guedes A1 - Dacre, Michael A1 - DeBarry, Jeremy A1 - Dreyer, Ingo A1 - Elias, Marek A1 - Engstrom, Eric M. A1 - Estelle, Mark A1 - Feng, Liang A1 - Finet, Cedric A1 - Floyd, Sandra K. A1 - Frommer, Wolf B. A1 - Fujita, Tomomichi A1 - Gramzow, Lydia A1 - Gutensohn, Michael A1 - Harholt, Jesper A1 - Hattori, Mitsuru A1 - Heyl, Alexander A1 - Hirai, Tadayoshi A1 - Hiwatashi, Yuji A1 - Ishikawa, Masaki A1 - Iwata, Mineko A1 - Karol, Kenneth G. A1 - Koehler, Barbara A1 - Kolukisaoglu, Uener A1 - Kubo, Minoru A1 - Kurata, Tetsuya A1 - Lalonde, Sylvie A1 - Li, Kejie A1 - Li, Ying A1 - Litt, Amy A1 - Lyons, Eric A1 - Manning, Gerard A1 - Maruyama, Takeshi A1 - Michael, Todd P. A1 - Mikami, Koji A1 - Miyazaki, Saori A1 - Morinaga, Shin-ichi A1 - Murata, Takashi A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Nelson, David R. A1 - Obara, Mari A1 - Oguri, Yasuko A1 - Olmstead, Richard G. A1 - Onodera, Naoko A1 - Petersen, Bent Larsen A1 - Pils, Birgit A1 - Prigge, Michael A1 - Rensing, Stefan A. A1 - Mauricio Riano-Pachon, Diego A1 - Roberts, Alison W. A1 - Sato, Yoshikatsu A1 - Scheller, Henrik Vibe A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Schulz, Christian A1 - Shakirov, Eugene V. A1 - Shibagaki, Nakako A1 - Shinohara, Naoki A1 - Shippen, Dorothy E. A1 - Sorensen, Iben A1 - Sotooka, Ryo A1 - Sugimoto, Nagisa A1 - Sugita, Mamoru A1 - Sumikawa, Naomi A1 - Tanurdzic, Milos A1 - Theissen, Guenter A1 - Ulvskov, Peter A1 - Wakazuki, Sachiko A1 - Weng, Jing-Ke A1 - Willats, William W. G. T. A1 - Wipf, Daniel A1 - Wolf, Paul G. A1 - Yang, Lixing A1 - Zimmer, Andreas D. A1 - Zhu, Qihui A1 - Mitros, Therese A1 - Hellsten, Uffe A1 - Loque, Dominique A1 - Otillar, Robert A1 - Salamov, Asaf A1 - Schmutz, Jeremy A1 - Shapiro, Harris A1 - Lindquist, Erika A1 - Lucas, Susan A1 - Rokhsar, Daniel A1 - Grigoriev, Igor V. T1 - The selaginella genome identifies genetic changes associated with the evolution of vascular plants JF - Science N2 - Vascular plants appeared similar to 410 million years ago, then diverged into several lineages of which only two survive: the euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) and the lycophytes. We report here the genome sequence of the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii (Selaginella), the first nonseed vascular plant genome reported. By comparing gene content in evolutionarily diverse taxa, we found that the transition from a gametophyte- to a sporophyte-dominated life cycle required far fewer new genes than the transition from a nonseed vascular to a flowering plant, whereas secondary metabolic genes expanded extensively and in parallel in the lycophyte and angiosperm lineages. Selaginella differs in posttranscriptional gene regulation, including small RNA regulation of repetitive elements, an absence of the trans-acting small interfering RNA pathway, and extensive RNA editing of organellar genes. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1203810 SN - 0036-8075 VL - 332 IS - 6032 SP - 960 EP - 963 PB - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A. A1 - Sanchez, David M. A1 - Yang, J. A1 - Parrish, R. M. A1 - Nunes, J. P. F. A1 - Centurion, M. A1 - Coffee, R. A1 - Cryan, J. P. A1 - Gühr, Markus A1 - Hegazy, Kareem A1 - Kirrander, Adam A1 - Li, R. K. A1 - Ruddock, J. A1 - Shen, Xiaozhe A1 - Vecchione, T. A1 - Weathersby, S. P. A1 - Weber, Peter M. A1 - Wilkin, K. A1 - Yong, Haiwang A1 - Zheng, Q. A1 - Wang, X. J. A1 - Minitti, Michael P. A1 - Martinez, Todd J. T1 - The photochemical ring-opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene imaged by ultrafast electron diffraction JF - Nature chemistry N2 - The ultrafast photoinduced ring-opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene constitutes a textbook example of electrocyclic reactions in organic chemistry and a model for photobiological reactions in vitamin D synthesis. Although the relaxation from the photoexcited electronic state during the ring-opening has been investigated in numerous studies, the accompanying changes in atomic distance have not been resolved. Here we present a direct and unambiguous observation of the ring-opening reaction path on the femtosecond timescale and subangstrom length scale using megaelectronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction. We followed the carbon-carbon bond dissociation and the structural opening of the 1,3-cyclohexadiene ring by the direct measurement of time-dependent changes in the distribution of interatomic distances. We observed a substantial acceleration of the ring-opening motion after internal conversion to the ground state due to a steepening of the electronic potential gradient towards the product minima. The ring-opening motion transforms into rotation of the terminal ethylene groups in the photoproduct 1,3,5-hexatriene on the subpicosecond timescale. KW - Organic chemistry KW - Photochemistry KW - Physical chemistry KW - Theoretical chemistry Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-019-0252-7 SN - 1755-4330 SN - 1755-4349 VL - 11 IS - 6 SP - 504 EP - 509 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hajduk, Marcin A1 - Todt, Helge Tobias A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer A1 - Borek, Karolina A1 - van Hoof, Peter A. M. A1 - Zijlstra, Albert A. T1 - The cooling-down central star of the planetary nebula SwSt 1 BT - a late thermal pulse in a massive post-AGB star? JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - SwSt 1 (PN G001.5-06.7) is a bright and compact planetary nebula containing a late [WC]-type central star. Previous studies suggested that the nebular and stellar lines are slowly changing with time. We studied new and archival optical and ultraviolet spectra of the object. The [O III] 4959 and 5007 angstrom to H beta line flux ratios decreased between about 1976 and 1997/2015. The stellar spectrum also shows changes between these epochs. We modelled the stellar and nebular spectra observed at different epochs. The analyses indicate a drop of the stellar temperature from about 42 kK to 40.5 kK between 1976 and 1993. We do not detect significant changes between 1993 and 2015. The observations show that the star performed a loop in the H-R diagram. This is possible when a shell source is activated during its post-AGB evolution. We infer that a late thermal pulse (LTP) experienced by a massive post-AGB star can explain the evolution of the central star. Such a star does not expand significantly as the result of the LTP and does not became a born-again red giant. However, the released energy can remove the tiny H envelope of the star. KW - stars: AGB and post-AGB KW - stars: atmospheres KW - stars: evolution KW - planetary KW - nebulae: general KW - planetary nebulae: individual: SwSt1 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2274 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 498 IS - 1 SP - 1205 EP - 1220 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amberg, Maximilian A1 - aus dem Moore, Nils A1 - Bekk, Anke A1 - Bergmann, Tobias A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - George, Jan A1 - Haywood, Luke A1 - Heinemann, Maik A1 - Held, Anne A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Kellner, Maximilian A1 - Koch, Nicolas A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Meyer, Henrika A1 - Nikodinoska, Dragana A1 - Pahle, Michael A1 - Roolfs, Christina A1 - Schill, Wolf-Peter T1 - Reformoptionen für ein nachhaltiges Steuer- und Abgabensystem BT - wie Lenkungssteuern effektiv und gerecht für den Klima- und Umweltschutz ausgestaltet werden können JF - Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik N2 - Steuern und Abgaben auf Produkte oder Verbrauch mit gesellschaftlichen Folgekosten (externe Kosten) – sogenannte Pigou- oder Lenkungssteuern – sind ein gesellschaftliches „Win-Win-Instrument“. Sie verbessern die Wohlfahrt und schützen gleichzeitig die Umwelt und das Klima. Dies wird erreicht, indem umweltschädigende Aktivitäten einen Preis bekommen, der möglichst exakt der Höhe des Schadens entspricht. Eine konsequente Bepreisung der externen Kosten nach diesem Prinzip könnte in Deutschland erhebliche zusätzliche Einnahmen erbringen: Basierend auf bisherigen Studien zu externen Kosten wären zusätzliche Einnahmen in der Größenordnung von 348 bis 564 Milliarden Euro pro Jahr (44 bis 71 Prozent der gesamten Steuereinnahmen) möglich. Die Autoren warnen allerdings, dass die Bezifferung der externen Kosten mit erheblichen Unsicherheiten verbunden ist. Damit Lenkungssteuern und -abgaben ihre positiven Lenkungs- und Wohlstandseffekte voll entfalten können, seien zudem institutionelle Reformen notwendig. KW - Externalitäten KW - Pigou-Steuern KW - Nachhaltige Steuerreform KW - Energiewende Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/pwp-2021-0051 SN - 1465-6493 SN - 1468-2516 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 165 EP - 199 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andrianov, Igor V. A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Bovensiepen, U. A1 - Gahl, Cornelius A1 - Wolf, M. M. T1 - Quantum theoretical study of electron solvation dynamics in ice layers on a Cu(111) surface N2 - Recent experiments using time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy at metal/polar adsorbate interfaces succeeded in time-dependent analysis of the process of electron solvation. A fully quantum mechanical, two-dimensional simulation of this process, which explicitly includes laser excitation, is presented here, confirming the origin of characteristic features, such as the experimental observation of an apparently negative dispersion. The inference of the spatial extent of the localized electron states from the angular dependence of the 2PPE spectra has been found to be non-trivial and system-dependent. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics Y1 - 2005 SN - 0021-9606 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henning, Ursula A1 - Wolf, Peter A1 - Holtzhauer, Martin T1 - Primary cultures of cardiac muscle cells as models for investigation of protein glycosylation Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Bernhard A1 - Horstkemper, Marianne A1 - Krüger, Wolfgang A1 - Wilkens, Martin A1 - Bohlen, Andreas A1 - Frübing, Peter A1 - Wegener, Michael A1 - Scheff, Ullrich A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Brehmer, Ludwig A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Wolf, Gunter A1 - Koetz, Joachim A1 - Peter, Martin G. A1 - Senkbeil, Sigrid A1 - Meyer, Till T1 - Portal = Im Trend: Physiker und Chemiker erforschen "Soft Matter" BT - Die Potsdamer Universitätszeitung N2 - Aus dem Inhalt: Im Trend: Physiker und Chemiker erforschen „Soft Matter“ -Brandenburger Netzwerk für Existenzgründer erhält Förderung -Universität leistet Beitrag zum Romantik-Jahr -Musiksender MTV und Bryan Adams auf dem Campus T3 - Portal: Das Potsdamer Universitätsmagazin - 06/2002 Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-501441 SN - 1618-6893 VL - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tong, Yujin A1 - Wirth, Jonas A1 - Kirsch, Harald A1 - Wolf, Martin A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Campen, Richard Kramer T1 - Optically probing Al-O and O-H vibrations to characterize water adsorption and surface reconstruction on alpha-alumina: An experimental and theoretical study JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr N2 - Oxide/water interfaces are ubiquitous in a wide variety of applications and the environment. Despite this ubiquity, and attendant decades of study, gaining molecular level insight into water/oxide interaction has proven challenging. In part, this challenge springs from a lack of tools to concurrently characterize changes in surface structure (i.e., water/oxide interaction from the perspective of the solid) and O-H population and local environment (i.e., water/oxide interaction from the water perspective). Here, we demonstrate the application of surface specific vibrational spectroscopy to the characterization of the interaction of the paradigmatic alpha-Al2O3(0001) surface and water. By probing both the interfacial Al-O (surface phonon) and O-H spectral response, we characterize this interaction from both perspectives. Through electronic structure calculation, we assign the interfacial Al-O response and rationalize its changes on surface dehydroxylation and reconstruction. Because our technique is all-optical and interface specific, it is equally applicable to oxide surfaces in vacuum, ambient atmospheres and at the solid/liquid interface. Application of this approach to additional alumina surfaces and other oxides thus seems likely to significantly expand our understanding of how water meets oxide surfaces and thus the wide variety of phenomena this interaction controls. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4906346 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 142 IS - 5 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gorski, Mathias A1 - Jung, Bettina A1 - Li, Yong A1 - Matias-Garcia, Pamela R. A1 - Wuttke, Matthias A1 - Coassin, Stefan A1 - Thio, Chris H. L. A1 - Kleber, Marcus E. A1 - Winkler, Thomas W. A1 - Wanner, Veronika A1 - Chai, Jin-Fang A1 - Chu, Audrey Y. A1 - Cocca, Massimiliano A1 - Feitosa, Mary F. A1 - Ghasemi, Sahar A1 - Hoppmann, Anselm A1 - Horn, Katrin A1 - Li, Man A1 - Nutile, Teresa A1 - Scholz, Markus A1 - Sieber, Karsten B. A1 - Teumer, Alexander A1 - Tin, Adrienne A1 - Wang, Judy A1 - Tayo, Bamidele O. A1 - Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. A1 - Almgren, Peter A1 - Bakker, Stephan J. L. A1 - Banas, Bernhard A1 - Bansal, Nisha A1 - Biggs, Mary L. A1 - Boerwinkle, Eric A1 - Böttinger, Erwin A1 - Brenner, Hermann A1 - Carroll, Robert J. A1 - Chalmers, John A1 - Chee, Miao-Li A1 - Chee, Miao-Ling A1 - Cheng, Ching-Yu A1 - Coresh, Josef A1 - de Borst, Martin H. A1 - Degenhardt, Frauke A1 - Eckardt, Kai-Uwe A1 - Endlich, Karlhans A1 - Franke, Andre A1 - Freitag-Wolf, Sandra A1 - Gampawar, Piyush A1 - Gansevoort, Ron T. A1 - Ghanbari, Mohsen A1 - Gieger, Christian A1 - Hamet, Pavel A1 - Ho, Kevin A1 - Hofer, Edith A1 - Holleczek, Bernd A1 - Foo, Valencia Hui Xian A1 - Hutri-Kahonen, Nina A1 - Hwang, Shih-Jen A1 - Ikram, M. Arfan A1 - Josyula, Navya Shilpa A1 - Kahonen, Mika A1 - Khor, Chiea-Chuen A1 - Koenig, Wolfgang A1 - Kramer, Holly A1 - Kraemer, Bernhard K. A1 - Kuehnel, Brigitte A1 - Lange, Leslie A. A1 - Lehtimaki, Terho A1 - Lieb, Wolfgang A1 - Loos, Ruth J. F. A1 - Lukas, Mary Ann A1 - Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka A1 - Meisinger, Christa A1 - Meitinger, Thomas A1 - Melander, Olle A1 - Milaneschi, Yuri A1 - Mishra, Pashupati P. A1 - Mononen, Nina A1 - Mychaleckyj, Josyf C. A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N. A1 - Nauck, Matthias A1 - Nikus, Kjell A1 - Ning, Boting A1 - Nolte, Ilja M. A1 - O'Donoghue, Michelle L. A1 - Orho-Melander, Marju A1 - Pendergrass, Sarah A. A1 - Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. A1 - Preuss, Michael H. A1 - Psaty, Bruce M. A1 - Raffield, Laura M. A1 - Raitakari, Olli T. A1 - Rettig, Rainer A1 - Rheinberger, Myriam A1 - Rice, Kenneth M. A1 - Rosenkranz, Alexander R. A1 - Rossing, Peter A1 - Rotter, Jerome A1 - Sabanayagam, Charumathi A1 - Schmidt, Helena A1 - Schmidt, Reinhold A1 - Schoettker, Ben A1 - Schulz, Christina-Alexandra A1 - Sedaghat, Sanaz A1 - Shaffer, Christian M. A1 - Strauch, Konstantin A1 - Szymczak, Silke A1 - Taylor, Kent D. A1 - Tremblay, Johanne A1 - Chaker, Layal A1 - van der Harst, Pim A1 - van der Most, Peter J. A1 - Verweij, Niek A1 - Voelker, Uwe A1 - Waldenberger, Melanie A1 - Wallentin, Lars A1 - Waterworth, Dawn M. A1 - White, Harvey D. A1 - Wilson, James G. A1 - Wong, Tien-Yin A1 - Woodward, Mark A1 - Yang, Qiong A1 - Yasuda, Masayuki A1 - Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. A1 - Zhang, Yan A1 - Snieder, Harold A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Boger, Carsten A. A1 - Kottgen, Anna A1 - Kronenberg, Florian A1 - Pattaro, Cristian A1 - Heid, Iris M. T1 - Meta-analysis uncovers genome-wide significant variants for rapid kidney function decline T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Reihe der Digital Engineering Fakultät N2 - Rapid decline of glomerular filtration rate estimated from creatinine (eGFRcrea) is associated with severe clinical endpoints. In contrast to cross-sectionally assessed eGFRcrea, the genetic basis for rapid eGFRcrea decline is largely unknown. To help define this, we meta-analyzed 42 genome-wide association studies from the Chronic Kidney Diseases Genetics Consortium and United Kingdom Biobank to identify genetic loci for rapid eGFRcrea decline. Two definitions of eGFRcrea decline were used: 3 mL/min/1.73m(2)/year or more ("Rapid3"; encompassing 34,874 cases, 107,090 controls) and eGFRcrea decline 25% or more and eGFRcrea under 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) at follow-up among those with eGFRcrea 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) or more at baseline ("CKDi25"; encompassing 19,901 cases, 175,244 controls). Seven independent variants were identified across six loci for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25: consisting of five variants at four loci with genome-wide significance (near UMOD-PDILT (2), PRKAG2, WDR72, OR2S2) and two variants among 265 known eGFRcrea variants (near GATM, LARP4B). All these loci were novel for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25 and our bioinformatic follow-up prioritized variants and genes underneath these loci. The OR2S2 locus is novel for any eGFRcrea trait including interesting candidates. For the five genome-wide significant lead variants, we found supporting effects for annual change in blood urea nitrogen or cystatin-based eGFR, but not for GATM or (LARP4B). Individuals at high compared to those at low genetic risk (8-14 vs. 0-5 adverse alleles) had a 1.20-fold increased risk of acute kidney injury (95% confidence interval 1.08-1.33). Thus, our identified loci for rapid kidney function decline may help prioritize therapeutic targets and identify mechanisms and individuals at risk for sustained deterioration of kidney function. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Reihe der Digital Engineering Fakultät - 19 KW - acute kidney injury KW - end-stage kidney disease KW - genome-wide association KW - study KW - rapid eGFRcrea decline Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-565379 IS - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gorski, Mathias A1 - Jung, Bettina A1 - Li, Yong A1 - Matias-Garcia, Pamela R. A1 - Wuttke, Matthias A1 - Coassin, Stefan A1 - Thio, Chris H. L. A1 - Kleber, Marcus E. A1 - Winkler, Thomas W. A1 - Wanner, Veronika A1 - Chai, Jin-Fang A1 - Chu, Audrey Y. A1 - Cocca, Massimiliano A1 - Feitosa, Mary F. A1 - Ghasemi, Sahar A1 - Hoppmann, Anselm A1 - Horn, Katrin A1 - Li, Man A1 - Nutile, Teresa A1 - Scholz, Markus A1 - Sieber, Karsten B. A1 - Teumer, Alexander A1 - Tin, Adrienne A1 - Wang, Judy A1 - Tayo, Bamidele O. A1 - Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. A1 - Almgren, Peter A1 - Bakker, Stephan J. L. A1 - Banas, Bernhard A1 - Bansal, Nisha A1 - Biggs, Mary L. A1 - Boerwinkle, Eric A1 - Böttinger, Erwin A1 - Brenner, Hermann A1 - Carroll, Robert J. A1 - Chalmers, John A1 - Chee, Miao-Li A1 - Chee, Miao-Ling A1 - Cheng, Ching-Yu A1 - Coresh, Josef A1 - de Borst, Martin H. A1 - Degenhardt, Frauke A1 - Eckardt, Kai-Uwe A1 - Endlich, Karlhans A1 - Franke, Andre A1 - Freitag-Wolf, Sandra A1 - Gampawar, Piyush A1 - Gansevoort, Ron T. A1 - Ghanbari, Mohsen A1 - Gieger, Christian A1 - Hamet, Pavel A1 - Ho, Kevin A1 - Hofer, Edith A1 - Holleczek, Bernd A1 - Foo, Valencia Hui Xian A1 - Hutri-Kahonen, Nina A1 - Hwang, Shih-Jen A1 - Ikram, M. Arfan A1 - Josyula, Navya Shilpa A1 - Kahonen, Mika A1 - Khor, Chiea-Chuen A1 - Koenig, Wolfgang A1 - Kramer, Holly A1 - Kraemer, Bernhard K. A1 - Kuehnel, Brigitte A1 - Lange, Leslie A. A1 - Lehtimaki, Terho A1 - Lieb, Wolfgang A1 - Loos, Ruth J. F. A1 - Lukas, Mary Ann A1 - Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka A1 - Meisinger, Christa A1 - Meitinger, Thomas A1 - Melander, Olle A1 - Milaneschi, Yuri A1 - Mishra, Pashupati P. A1 - Mononen, Nina A1 - Mychaleckyj, Josyf C. A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N. A1 - Nauck, Matthias A1 - Nikus, Kjell A1 - Ning, Boting A1 - Nolte, Ilja M. A1 - O'Donoghue, Michelle L. A1 - Orho-Melander, Marju A1 - Pendergrass, Sarah A. A1 - Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. A1 - Preuss, Michael H. A1 - Psaty, Bruce M. A1 - Raffield, Laura M. A1 - Raitakari, Olli T. A1 - Rettig, Rainer A1 - Rheinberger, Myriam A1 - Rice, Kenneth M. A1 - Rosenkranz, Alexander R. A1 - Rossing, Peter A1 - Rotter, Jerome A1 - Sabanayagam, Charumathi A1 - Schmidt, Helena A1 - Schmidt, Reinhold A1 - Schoettker, Ben A1 - Schulz, Christina-Alexandra A1 - Sedaghat, Sanaz A1 - Shaffer, Christian M. A1 - Strauch, Konstantin A1 - Szymczak, Silke A1 - Taylor, Kent D. A1 - Tremblay, Johanne A1 - Chaker, Layal A1 - van der Harst, Pim A1 - van der Most, Peter J. A1 - Verweij, Niek A1 - Voelker, Uwe A1 - Waldenberger, Melanie A1 - Wallentin, Lars A1 - Waterworth, Dawn M. A1 - White, Harvey D. A1 - Wilson, James G. A1 - Wong, Tien-Yin A1 - Woodward, Mark A1 - Yang, Qiong A1 - Yasuda, Masayuki A1 - Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. A1 - Zhang, Yan A1 - Snieder, Harold A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Boger, Carsten A. A1 - Kottgen, Anna A1 - Kronenberg, Florian A1 - Pattaro, Cristian A1 - Heid, Iris M. T1 - Meta-analysis uncovers genome-wide significant variants for rapid kidney function decline JF - Kidney international : official journal of the International Society of Nephrology N2 - Rapid decline of glomerular filtration rate estimated from creatinine (eGFRcrea) is associated with severe clinical endpoints. In contrast to cross-sectionally assessed eGFRcrea, the genetic basis for rapid eGFRcrea decline is largely unknown. To help define this, we meta-analyzed 42 genome-wide association studies from the Chronic Kidney Diseases Genetics Consortium and United Kingdom Biobank to identify genetic loci for rapid eGFRcrea decline. Two definitions of eGFRcrea decline were used: 3 mL/min/1.73m(2)/year or more ("Rapid3"; encompassing 34,874 cases, 107,090 controls) and eGFRcrea decline 25% or more and eGFRcrea under 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) at follow-up among those with eGFRcrea 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) or more at baseline ("CKDi25"; encompassing 19,901 cases, 175,244 controls). Seven independent variants were identified across six loci for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25: consisting of five variants at four loci with genome-wide significance (near UMOD-PDILT (2), PRKAG2, WDR72, OR2S2) and two variants among 265 known eGFRcrea variants (near GATM, LARP4B). All these loci were novel for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25 and our bioinformatic follow-up prioritized variants and genes underneath these loci. The OR2S2 locus is novel for any eGFRcrea trait including interesting candidates. For the five genome-wide significant lead variants, we found supporting effects for annual change in blood urea nitrogen or cystatin-based eGFR, but not for GATM or (LARP4B). Individuals at high compared to those at low genetic risk (8-14 vs. 0-5 adverse alleles) had a 1.20-fold increased risk of acute kidney injury (95% confidence interval 1.08-1.33). Thus, our identified loci for rapid kidney function decline may help prioritize therapeutic targets and identify mechanisms and individuals at risk for sustained deterioration of kidney function. KW - acute kidney injury KW - end-stage kidney disease KW - genome-wide association KW - study KW - rapid eGFRcrea decline Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.09.030 SN - 0085-2538 SN - 1523-1755 VL - 99 IS - 4 SP - 926 EP - 939 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirchschläger, Peter G. A1 - Spätlich, Anja A1 - Vasel, Justus A1 - Weiß, Norman A1 - Wolf, Anne-Katrin A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas T1 - MenschenRechtsMagazin : Informationen | Meinungen | Analysen N2 - Aus dem Inhalt: - Die Multidimensionalität der Menschenrechte – Chance oder Gefahr für den universellen Menschenrechtsschutz? - Völkerrechtliche Fragen des Einsatzes bewaffneter Drohnen: Menschenrechtsschutz versus Terrorismusbekämpfung? - Bericht über die Tätigkeit des Menschenrechtsausschusses der Vereinten Nationen im Jahre 2012 – Teil II: Individualbeschwerden T3 - MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen - 18.2013/2 Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-69072 SN - 1434-2820 VL - 18 IS - 2 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kamjunke, Norbert A1 - Beckers, Liza-Marie A1 - Herzsprung, Peter A1 - von Tümpling, Wolf A1 - Lechtenfeld, Oliver A1 - Tittel, Jörg A1 - Risse-Buhl, Ute A1 - Rode, Michael A1 - Wachholz, Alexander A1 - Kallies, Rene A1 - Schulze, Tobias A1 - Krauss, Martin A1 - Brack, Werner A1 - Comero, Sara A1 - Gawlik, Bernd Manfred A1 - Skejo, Hello A1 - Tavazzi, Simona A1 - Mariani, Giulio A1 - Borchardt, Dietrich A1 - Weitere, Markus T1 - Lagrangian profiles of riverine autotrophy, organic matter transformation, and micropollutants at extreme drought JF - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man N2 - On their way from inland to the ocean, flowing water bodies, their constituents and their biotic communities are ex-posed to complex transport and transformation processes. However, detailed process knowledge as revealed by La-grangian measurements adjusted to travel time is rare in large rivers, in particular at hydrological extremes. To fill this gap, we investigated autotrophic processes, heterotrophic carbon utilization, and micropollutant concentrations applying a Lagrangian sampling design in a 600 km section of the River Elbe (Germany) at historically low discharge. Under base flow conditions, we expect the maximum intensity of instream processes and of point source impacts. Phy-toplankton biomass and photosynthesis increased from upstream to downstream sites but maximum chlorophyll con-centration was lower than at mean discharge. Concentrations of dissolved macronutrients decreased to almost complete phosphate depletion and low nitrate values. The longitudinal increase of bacterial abundance and production was less pronounced than in wetter years and bacterial community composition changed downstream. Molecular analyses revealed a longitudinal increase of many DOM components due to microbial production, whereas saturated lipid-like DOM, unsaturated aromatics and polyphenols, and some CHOS surfactants declined. In decomposition exper-iments, DOM components with high O/C ratios and high masses decreased whereas those with low O/C ratios, low masses, and high nitrogen content increased at all sites. Radiocarbon age analyses showed that DOC was relatively old (890-1870 years B.P.), whereas the mineralized fraction was much younger suggesting predominant oxidation of algal lysis products and exudates particularly at downstream sites. Micropollutants determining toxicity for algae (terbuthylazine, terbutryn, isoproturon and lenacil), hexachlorocyclohexanes and DDTs showed higher concentrations from the middle towards the downstream part but calculated toxicity was not negatively correlated to phytoplankton. Overall, autotrophic and heterotrophic process rates and micropollutant concentrations increased from up-to down-stream reaches, but their magnitudes were not distinctly different to conditions at medium discharges. KW - Phytoplankton KW - Nutrients KW - Dissolved organic matter (DOM) KW - bacteria KW - Respiration KW - Micropollutants Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154243 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 828 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Sabrina A1 - Saxenhofer, Moritz A1 - Drewes, Stephan A1 - Schlegel, Mathias A1 - Wanka, Konrad M. A1 - Frank, Raphael A1 - Klimpel, Sven A1 - von Blanckenhagen, Felix A1 - Maaz, Denny A1 - Herden, Christiane A1 - Freise, Jona A1 - Wolf, Ronny A1 - Stubbe, Michael A1 - Borkenhagen, Peter A1 - Ansorge, Hermann A1 - Eccard, Jana A1 - Lang, Johannes A1 - Jourdain, Elsa A1 - Jacob, Jens A1 - Marianneau, Philippe A1 - Heckel, Gerald A1 - Ulrich, Rainer Günter T1 - High genetic structuring of Tula hantavirus JF - Archives of virology N2 - Tula virus (TULV) is a vole-associated hantavirus with low or no pathogenicity to humans. In the present study, 686 common voles (Microtus arvalis), 249 field voles (Microtus agrestis) and 30 water voles (Arvicola spec.) were collected at 79 sites in Germany, Luxembourg and France and screened by RT-PCR and TULV-IgG ELISA. TULV-specific RNA and/or antibodies were detected at 43 of the sites, demonstrating a geographically widespread distribution of the virus in the studied area. The TULV prevalence in common voles (16.7 %) was higher than that in field voles (9.2 %) and water voles (10.0 %). Time series data at ten trapping sites showed evidence of a lasting presence of TULV RNA within common vole populations for up to 34 months, although usually at low prevalence. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a strong genetic structuring of TULV sequences according to geography and independent of the rodent species, confirming the common vole as the preferential host, with spillover infections to co-occurring field and water voles. TULV phylogenetic clades showed a general association with evolutionary lineages in the common vole as assessed by mitochondrial DNA sequences on a large geographical scale, but with local-scale discrepancies in the contact areas. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2762-6 SN - 0304-8608 SN - 1432-8798 VL - 161 SP - 1135 EP - 1149 PB - Springer CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayer, Dennis A1 - Lever, Fabiano A1 - Picconi, David A1 - Metje, Jan A1 - Ališauskas, Skirmantas A1 - Calegari, Francesca A1 - Düsterer, Stefan A1 - Ehlert, Christopher A1 - Feifel, Raimund A1 - Niebuhr, Mario A1 - Manschwetus, Bastian A1 - Kuhlmann, Marion A1 - Mazza, Tommaso A1 - Robinson, Matthew Scott A1 - Squibb, Richard J. A1 - Trabattoni, Andrea A1 - Wallner, Måns A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A. A1 - Gühr, Markus T1 - Following excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy JF - Nature communications N2 - Imaging the charge flow in photoexcited molecules would provide key information on photophysical and photochemical processes. Here the authors demonstrate tracking in real time after photoexcitation the change in charge density at a specific site of 2-thiouracil using time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conversion of photon energy into other energetic forms in molecules is accompanied by charge moving on ultrafast timescales. We directly observe the charge motion at a specific site in an electronically excited molecule using time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS). We extend the concept of static chemical shift from conventional XPS by the excited-state chemical shift (ESCS), which is connected to the charge in the framework of a potential model. This allows us to invert TR-XPS spectra to the dynamic charge at a specific atom. We demonstrate the power of TR-XPS by using sulphur 2p-core-electron-emission probing to study the UV-excited dynamics of 2-thiouracil. The method allows us to discover that a major part of the population relaxes to the molecular ground state within 220-250 fs. In addition, a 250-fs oscillation, visible in the kinetic energy of the TR-XPS, reveals a coherent exchange of population among electronic states. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27908-y SN - 2041-1723 N1 - Publisher correction: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28584-2 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Nature Research CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mayer, Dennis A1 - Lever, Fabiano A1 - Picconi, David A1 - Metje, Jan A1 - Ališauskas, Skirmantas A1 - Calegari, Francesca A1 - Düsterer, Stefan A1 - Ehlert, Christopher A1 - Feifel, Raimund A1 - Niebuhr, Mario A1 - Manschwetus, Bastian A1 - Kuhlmann, Marion A1 - Mazza, Tommaso A1 - Robinson, Matthew Scott A1 - Squibb, Richard James A1 - Trabattoni, Andrea A1 - Wallner, Måns A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A. A1 - Gühr, Markus T1 - Following excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The conversion of photon energy into other energetic forms in molecules is accompanied by charge moving on ultrafast timescales. We directly observe the charge motion at a specific site in an electronically excited molecule using time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS). We extend the concept of static chemical shift from conventional XPS by the excited-state chemical shift (ESCS), which is connected to the charge in the framework of a potential model. This allows us to invert TR-XPS spectra to the dynamic charge at a specific atom. We demonstrate the power of TR-XPS by using sulphur 2p-core-electron-emission probing to study the UV-excited dynamics of 2-thiouracil. The method allows us to discover that a major part of the population relaxes to the molecular ground state within 220–250 fs. In addition, a 250-fs oscillation, visible in the kinetic energy of the TR-XPS, reveals a coherent exchange of population among electronic states. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1301 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-577442 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1301 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayer, Dennis A1 - Lever, Fabiano A1 - Picconi, David A1 - Metje, Jan A1 - Ališauskas, Skirmantas A1 - Calegari, Francesca A1 - Düsterer, Stefan A1 - Ehlert, Christopher A1 - Feifel, Raimund A1 - Niebuhr, Mario A1 - Manschwetus, Bastian A1 - Kuhlmann, Marion A1 - Mazza, Tommaso A1 - Robinson, Matthew Scott A1 - Squibb, Richard James A1 - Trabattoni, Andrea A1 - Wallner, Måns A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A. A1 - Gühr, Markus T1 - Following excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy JF - Nature Communications N2 - The conversion of photon energy into other energetic forms in molecules is accompanied by charge moving on ultrafast timescales. We directly observe the charge motion at a specific site in an electronically excited molecule using time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS). We extend the concept of static chemical shift from conventional XPS by the excited-state chemical shift (ESCS), which is connected to the charge in the framework of a potential model. This allows us to invert TR-XPS spectra to the dynamic charge at a specific atom. We demonstrate the power of TR-XPS by using sulphur 2p-core-electron-emission probing to study the UV-excited dynamics of 2-thiouracil. The method allows us to discover that a major part of the population relaxes to the molecular ground state within 220–250 fs. In addition, a 250-fs oscillation, visible in the kinetic energy of the TR-XPS, reveals a coherent exchange of population among electronic states. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27908-y SN - 2041-1723 VL - 13 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kalinkat, Gregor A1 - Cabral, Juliano Sarmento A1 - Darwall, William A1 - Ficetola, G. Francesco A1 - Fisher, Judith L. A1 - Giling, Darren P. A1 - Gosselin, Marie-Pierre A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Jaehnig, Sonja C. A1 - Jeschke, Jonathan M. A1 - Knopf, Klaus A1 - Larsen, Stefano A1 - Onandia, Gabriela A1 - Paetzig, Marlene A1 - Saul, Wolf-Christian A1 - Singer, Gabriel A1 - Sperfeld, Erik A1 - Jaric, Ivan T1 - Flagship umbrella species needed for the conservation of overlooked aquatic biodiversity T2 - Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12813 SN - 0888-8892 SN - 1523-1739 VL - 31 SP - 481 EP - 485 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berrah, N. A1 - Sánchez-González, Álvaro A1 - Jurek, Zoltan A1 - Obaid, Razib A1 - Xiong, H. A1 - Squibb, R. J. A1 - Osipov, T. A1 - Lutman, A. A1 - Fang, L. A1 - Barillot, T. A1 - Bozek, J. D. A1 - Cryan, J. A1 - Wolf, T. J. A. A1 - Rolles, Daniel A1 - Coffee, R. A1 - Schnorr, Kirsten A1 - Augustin, S. A1 - Fukuzawa, Hironobu A1 - Motomura, K. A1 - Niebuhr, Nina Isabelle A1 - Frasinski, L. J. A1 - Feifel, Raimund A1 - Schulz, Claus-Peter A1 - Toyota, Kenji A1 - Son, Sang-Kil A1 - Ueda, K. A1 - Pfeifer, T. A1 - Marangos, J. P. A1 - Santra, Robin T1 - Femtosecond-resolved observation of the fragmentation of buckminsterfullerene following X-ray multiphoton ionization JF - Nature physics N2 - X-ray free-electron lasers have, over the past decade, opened up the possibility of understanding the ultrafast response of matter to intense X-ray pulses. In earlier research on atoms and small molecules, new aspects of this response were uncovered, such as rapid sequences of inner-shell photoionization and Auger ionization. Here, we studied a larger molecule, buckminsterfullerene (C-60), exposed to 640 eV X-rays, and examined the role of chemical effects, such as chemical bonds and charge transfer, on the fragmentation following multiple ionization of the molecule. To provide time resolution, we performed femtosecond-resolved X-ray pump/X-ray probe measurements, which were accompanied by advanced simulations. The simulations and experiment reveal that despite substantial ionization induced by the ultrashort (20 fs) X-ray pump pulse, the fragmentation of C-60 is considerably delayed. This work uncovers the persistence of the molecular structure of C-60, which hinders fragmentation over a timescale of hundreds of femtoseconds. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a substantial fraction of the ejected fragments are neutral carbon atoms. These findings provide insights into X-ray free-electron laser-induced radiation damage in large molecules, including biomolecules. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0665-7 SN - 1745-2473 SN - 1745-2481 VL - 15 IS - 12 SP - 1279 EP - 1301 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER -