TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühlbauer, Thomas
A1  - Gollhofer, Albert
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Sex-related effects in strength training during adolescence a pilot  study
JF  - Perceptual & motor skills
N2  - The objective was to investigate the effects of high-velocity strength training on isometric strength of the leg extensors and jump height in female and male adolescents. Twenty-eight students (13 boys, 15 girls) ages 16 to 17 years participated in this study and were assigned to either a strength training group or a control group. Strength training was conducted over 8 weeks (2 times per week). Pre- and post-training tests included the measurements of maximal isometric force and rate of force development of the leg extensors as well as countermovement jump height. Both girls (effect size = 1.37) and boys (effect size = 0.61) showed significant improvements in jump height. However, significant increases in maximal isometric force (effect size = 1.85) and rate of force development (effect size = 2.23) were found only in girls. In female and male adolescents, high-velocity strength training is an effective training regimen that produced improvements in countermovement jump height in both sexes but higher gains in maximal isometric force and rate of force development in girls.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2466/06.10.30.PMS.115.6.953-968
SN  - 0031-5125
VL  - 115
IS  - 3
SP  - 953
EP  - 968
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Missoula
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühlbauer, Thomas
A1  - Besemer, Carmen
A1  - Wehrle, Anja
A1  - Gollhofer, Albert
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Relationship between strength, power and balance performance in seniors
JF  - Gerontology
N2  - Background: Deficits in strength, power and balance represent important intrinsic risk factors for falls in seniors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between variables of lower extremity muscle strength/power and balance, assessed under various task conditions. Methods: Twenty-four healthy and physically active older adults (mean age: 70 8 5 years) were tested for their isometric strength (i.e. maximal isometric force of the leg extensors) and muscle power (i.e. countermovement jump height and power) as well as for their steady-state (i.e. unperturbed standing, 10-meter walk), proactive (i.e. Timed Up & Go test, Functional Reach Test) and reactive (i.e. perturbed standing) balance. Balance tests were conducted under single (i.e. standing or walking alone) and dual task conditions (i.e. standing or walking plus cognitive and motor interference task). Results: Significant positive correlations were found between measures of isometric strength and muscle power of the lower extremities (r values ranged between 0.608 and 0.720, p < 0.01). Hardly any significant associations were found between variables of strength, power and balance (i.e. no significant association in 20 out of 21 cases). Additionally, no significant correlations were found between measures of steady-state, proactive and reactive balance or balance tests performed under single and dual task conditions (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: The predominately nonsignificant correlations between different types of balance imply that balance performance is task specific in healthy and physically active seniors. Further, strength, power and balance as well as balance under single and dual task conditions seem to be independent of each other and may have to be tested and trained complementarily.
KW  - Steady-state balance
KW  - Proactive/reactive balance
KW  - Force production
KW  - Single/dual tasking
KW  - Cognitive/motor interference
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000341614
SN  - 0304-324X
VL  - 58
IS  - 6
SP  - 504
EP  - 512
PB  - Karger
CY  - Basel
ER  -