TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behm, David George
A1  - Young, James D.
A1  - Whitten, Joseph H. D.
A1  - Reid, Jonathan C.
A1  - Quigley, Patrick J.
A1  - Low, Jonathan
A1  - Li, Yimeng
A1  - Lima, Camila D.
A1  - Hodgson, Daniel D.
A1  - Chaouachi, Anis
A1  - Prieske, Olaf
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Effectiveness of Traditional Strength vs. Power Training on Muscle Strength, Power and Speed with Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
JF  - Frontiers in physiology
N2  - Numerous national associations and multiple reviews have documented the safety and efficacy of strength training for children and adolescents. The literature highlights the significant training-induced increases in strength associated with youth strength training. However, the effectiveness of youth strength training programs to improve power measures is not as clear. This discrepancy may be related to training and testing specificity. Most prior youth strength training programs emphasized lower intensity resistance with relatively slow movements. Since power activities typically involve higher intensity, explosive-like contractions with higher angular velocities (e.g., plyometrics), there is a conflict between the training medium and testing measures. This meta-analysis compared strength (e.g., training with resistance or body mass) and power training programs (e.g., plyometric training) on proxies of muscle strength, power, and speed. A systematic literature search using a Boolean Search Strategy was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, SPORT Discus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and revealed 652 hits. After perusal of title, abstract, and full text, 107 studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed small to moderate magnitude changes for training specificity with jump measures. In other words, power training was more effective than strength training for improving youth jump height. For sprint measures, strength training was more effective than power training with youth. Furthermore, strength training exhibited consistently large magnitude changes to lower body strength measures, which contrasted with the generally trivial, small and moderate magnitude training improvements of power training upon lower body strength, sprint and jump measures, respectively. Maturity related inadequacies in eccentric strength and balance might influence the lack of training specificity with the unilateral landings and propulsions associated with sprinting. Based on this meta-analysis, strength training should be incorporated prior to power training in order to establish an adequate foundation of strength for power training activities.
KW  - children
KW  - boys
KW  - girls
KW  - plyometric training
KW  - resistance training
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00423
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chaouachi, Anis
A1  - Ben Othman, Aymen
A1  - Makhlouf, Issam
A1  - Young, James D.
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Behm, David George
T1  - Global Training Effects of Trained and Untrained Muscles With Youth Can be Maintained During 4 Weeks of Detraining
JF  - Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA
N2  - Global (whole-body) effects of resistance training (i.e., cross-education) may be pervasive with children. Detraining induces less substantial deficits with children than adults. It was the objective of this study to investigate the global responses to 4 weeks of detraining after 8 weeks of unilateral leg press (LP) training in 10-13-year-old, pre-peak-height-velocity stage boys. Subjects were randomly separated into 2 unilateral resistance training groups (high load/low repetitions [HL-LR] and low load/high repetitions [LL-HR], and control group). Assessments at pre-training, post-training, and detraining included dominant and nondominant limbs, unilateral, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and 60% 1RM LP, knee extension, knee flexion, elbow flexion, and handgrip maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and countermovement jump (CMJ). All measures significantly increased from pre-test to detraining for both training programs, except for elbow flexion MVIC with increases only with HL-LR. All measures except CMJ and handgrip MVIC significantly decreased from post-test to detraining, except for elbow flexion MVIC with decreases only with HL-LR. The dominant trained limb experienced significantly greater LP improvements (pre- to detraining) and decrements (post- to detraining) with LP 1RM and 60% 1RM LP. In conclusion, youth HL-LR and LL-HR global training effects of trained and untrained limbs demonstrate similar benefits (pre- to detraining) and decrements (post- to detraining) with detraining. The findings emphasize that training any muscle group in a child can have positive global implications for improved strength and power that can persist over baseline measures for at least a month.
KW  - adolescents
KW  - strength training
KW  - deconditioning
KW  - cross-education
KW  - children
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002606
SN  - 1064-8011
SN  - 1533-4287
VL  - 33
IS  - 10
SP  - 2788
EP  - 2800
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  -