TY - JOUR A1 - Voltmer, Edgar A1 - Spahn, Claudia A1 - Schaarschmidt, Uwe A1 - Kieschke, Ulf T1 - Work-related behavior and experience patterns of entrepreneurs compared to teachers and physicians JF - International archives of occupational and environmental health N2 - Purpose This study examined the status of health-related behavior and experience patterns of entrepreneurs in comparison with teachers and physicians to identify specific health risks and resources. Methods Entrepreneurs (n = 632), teachers (n = 5,196), and physicians (n = 549) were surveyed in a cross-sectional design. The questionnaire Work-related Behavior and Experience Patterns (AVEM) was used for all professions and, in addition, two scales (health prevention and self-confidence) from the Checklist for Entrepreneurs in the sample of entrepreneurs. Results The largest proportion of the entrepreneurs (45%) presented with a healthy pattern (compared with 18.4% teachers and 18.3% physicians). Thirty-eight percent of entrepreneurs showed a risk pattern of overexertion and stress, followed by teachers (28.9%) and physicians (20.6%). Unambitious or burnout patterns were seen in only 9.3/8.2% of entrepreneurs, respectively, and 25.3/27.3% of teachers, and 39.6/21.5% of physicians. While the distribution of patterns in teachers and physicians differed significantly between genders, a gender difference was not found among entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs with the risk pattern of overexertion scored significantly (P < 0.01) lower in self-confidence and health care than those with the healthy pattern. Conclusions The development of a successful enterprise depends, in part, on the health of the entrepreneur. The large proportion of entrepreneurs with the healthy pattern irrespective of gender may support the notion that self-selection effects of healthy individuals in this special career might be important. At the same time, a large proportion was at risk for overexertion and might benefit from measures to cope with professional demands and stress and promote a healthy behavior pattern. KW - Entrepreneurs KW - Physicians KW - Teachers KW - Occupational stress KW - Psychosocial health risks and resources Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-011-0632-9 SN - 0340-0131 VL - 84 IS - 5 SP - 479 EP - 490 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Voltmer, Edgar A1 - Kieschke, Ulf A1 - Schwappach, David L.B. A1 - Wirsching, Michael A1 - Spahn, Claudia T1 - Psychosocial health risk factors and resources of medical students and physicians BT - a cross-sectional study T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background Epidemiological data indicate elevated psychosocial health risks for physicians, e.g., burnout, depression, marital disturbances, alcohol and substance abuse, and suicide. The purpose of this study was to identify psychosocial health resources and risk factors in profession-related behaviour and experience patterns of medical students and physicians that may serve as a basis for appropriate health promoting interventions. Methods The questionnaire -Related Behaviour and Experience "Work administered in cross-sectional surveys to students in the first (n = 475) and in the fifth year of studies (n = 355) in required courses at three German universities and to physicians in early professional life in the vicinity of these universities (n = 381). Results Scores reflecting a healthy behaviour pattern were less likely in physicians (16.7%) compared to 5th year (26.0%) and 1st year students (35.1%) while scores representing unambitious and resigned patterns were more common among physicians (43.4% vs. 24.4% vs. 41.0% and 27.3% vs. 17.2% vs. 23.3 respectively). Female and male responders differed in the domains professional commitment, resistance to stress and emotional well-being. Female physicians on average scored higher in the dimensions resignation tendencies, satisfaction with life and experience of social support, and lower in career ambition. Conclusion The results show distinct psychosocial stress patterns among medical students and physicians. Health promotion and prevention of psychosocial symptoms and impairments should be integrated as a required part of the medical curriculum and be considered an important issue during the further training of physicians. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 641 KW - medical student KW - risk pattern KW - emotional distance KW - professional commitment KW - burnout syndrome Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431211 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 641 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spörer, Nadine A1 - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens A1 - Kieschke, Ulf T1 - Improving students' reading comprehension skills : effects of strategy instruction and reciprocal teaching N2 - The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different forms of strategy instruction on 210 elementary-school students' reading comprehension. Students were assigned to any one of three intervention conditions or to a traditional instruction condition (control condition). Training students were taught four reading strategies (summarizing, questioning, clarifying, predicting) and practiced these strategies in small groups (reciprocal teaching), pairs, or instructor-guided small groups. At both the post- and follow-up test the intervention students attained higher scores on an experiment-developed task of reading comprehension and strategy use than the control students who received traditional instruction. Furthermore, students who practiced reciprocal teaching in small groups outperformed use than the control students who received traditional instruction groups on a standardized reading comprehension test. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09594752 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2008.05.003 SN - 0959-4752 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Eberhard A1 - Kieschke, Ulf T1 - Bewältigungsmuster im Lehramtsstudium : eine Untersuchung an der Universität Münster und Potsdam Y1 - 2006 SN - 3- 937786-08-2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Eberhard A1 - Kieschke, Ulf T1 - Bewältigungsmuster im Lehramtsstudium BT - eine Untersuchungan den Universitäten Münster und Potsdam JF - Potsdamer Beiträge zur Lehrevaluation N2 - Studierende der Lehrämter wurden zu Studienbedingungen in der Lehrerbildung an je einem Ausbildungsort in den alten und neuen Bundesländern befragt. Dabei wurden Einschätzungen zu Studium und Beruf sowie zu Gründen und Motiven der Studienwahl und zu Belastungen beim Studieren erhoben. Die persönlichen Ressourcen und das Belastungserleben der Studierenden wurden mit dem diagnostischen Inventar AVEM [Arbeitsbezogene Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster, vgl. SCHAARSCHMIDT U. FISCHER 2003] bestimmt. Die empirischen Auswertungen folgten einer differentialpsychologischen Vorgehensweise, um den Einfluss person- und strukturbezogener Bedingungen genauer analysieren zu können. Die Ergebnisse zeigen persönlichkeitsgebundene Unterschiede bei der Bewältigung der Anforderungen in Studium und Beruf, und das insbesondere in Abhängigkeit von Studienort und –abschnitt. Weiterhin ergibt sich eine Wechselwirkung person- und strukturbezogener Bedingungen auf Gründe und Motive sowie auf Einschätzungen zu Studium und Beruf. Implikationen für eine psychologisch angeleitete Gestaltung der Lehrerbildung werden diskutiert. KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Lehrerbildung KW - Evaluation Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-21996 SN - 3-937786-08-2 SN - 1614-0273 SN - 1862-8664 VL - 2 SP - 261 EP - 280 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Schaarschmidt, Uwe A1 - Ricken, Gabi A1 - Kieschke, Ulf A1 - Preuß, Ulrich T1 - Bildbasierter Intelligenztest für das Vorschulalter : BIVA Y1 - 2004 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaarschmidt, Uwe A1 - Kieschke, Ulf A1 - Fischer, Andreas W. T1 - Beanspruchungsmuster im Lehrerberuf Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaarschmidt, Uwe A1 - Kieschke, Ulf T1 - Arbeits-Bewertungs-Check für Lehrkräfte (ABC-L) Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-407-25465-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaarschmidt, Uwe A1 - Kieschke, Ulf T1 - Einführung und Überblick Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-407-25465-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaarschmidt, Uwe A1 - Kieschke, Ulf T1 - Arbeits-Bewertungs-Vheck für Lehrkräfte (ABC-L) : Anhang 1 Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-407-25465-8 ER -