TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marschall, Talke Anu
A1  - Bornhorst, Julia
A1  - Kuehnelt, Doris
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
T1  - Differing cytotoxicity and bioavailability of selenite, methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, selenosugar 1 and trimethylselenonium ion and their underlying metabolic transformations in human cells
JF  - Applied computing review : the publication of the ACM Special Interest Group on Applied Computing
N2  - Scope: The trace element selenium (Se) is an integral component of our diet. However, its metabolism and toxicity following elevated uptake are not fully understood. Since the either adverse or beneficial health effects strongly depend on the ingested Se species, five low molecular weight species were investigated regarding their toxicological effects, cellular bioavailability and species-specific metabolism in human cells. Methods and results: For the first time, the urinary metabolites methyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy1- seleno-beta-D-galactopyranoside (selenosugar 1) and trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe) were toxicologically characterised in comparison to the food relevant species methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys), selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenite in human urothelial, astrocytoma and hepatoma cells. In all cell lines selenosugar 1 and TMSe showed no cytotoxicity. Selenite, MeSeCys and SeMet exerted substantial cytotoxicity, which was strongest in the urothelial cells. There was no correlation between the potencies of the respective toxic effects and the measured cellular Se concentrations. Se speciation indicated that metabolism of the respective species is likely to affect cellular toxicity. Conclusion: Despite being taken up, selenosugar 1 and TMSe are non-cytotoxic to urothelial cells, most likely because they are not metabolically activated. The absent cytotoxicity of selenosugar 1 and TMSe up to supra-physiological concentrations, support their importance as metabolites for Se detoxification.
KW  - Cellular bioavailability
KW  - ICP-QQQ-MS
KW  - Selenosugar 1
KW  - Small selenium species
KW  - Speciation
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201600422
SN  - 1613-4125
SN  - 1613-4133
VL  - 60
SP  - 2622
EP  - 2632
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -