TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rausch, Ann-Kristin
A1  - Brockmeyer, Robert
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
T1  - Development, validation, and application of a multi-method for the determination of mycotoxins, plant growth regulators, tropane alkaloids, and pesticides in cereals by two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
JF  - Analytical & bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica
N2  - Mycotoxins and pesticides regularly co-occur in agricultural products worldwide. Thus, humans can be exposed to both toxic contaminants and pesticides simultaneously, and multi-methods assessing the occurrence of various food contaminants and residues in a single method are necessary. A two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of 40 (modified) mycotoxins, two plant growth regulators, two tropane alkaloids, and 334 pesticides in cereals was developed. After an acetonitrile/water/formic acid (79:20:1, v/v/v) multi-analyte extraction procedure, extracts were injected into the two-dimensional setup, and an online clean-up was performed. The method was validated according to Commission Decision (EC) no. 657/2002 and document N° SANTE/12682/2019. Good linearity (R2 > 0.96), recovery data between 70-120%, repeatability and reproducibility values < 20%, and expanded measurement uncertainties < 50% were obtained for a wide range of analytes, including very polar substances like deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside and methamidophos. However, results for fumonisins, zearalenone-14,16-disulfate, acid-labile pesticides, and carbamates were unsatisfying. Limits of quantification meeting maximum (residue) limits were achieved for most analytes. Matrix effects varied highly (−85 to +1574%) and were mainly observed for analytes eluting in the first dimension and early-eluting analytes in the second dimension. The application of the method demonstrated the co-occurrence of different types of cereals with 28 toxins and pesticides. Overall, 86% of the samples showed positive findings with at least one mycotoxin, plant growth regulator, or pesticide.
KW  - 2D-LC-MS/MS
KW  - Multi-method
KW  - Mycotoxins
KW  - Modified mycotoxins
KW  - Pesticides
KW  - Cereals
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03239-1
SN  - 1618-2650
SN  - 1618-2642
VL  - 413
IS  - 11
SP  - 3041
EP  - 3054
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kuhn, Eugênia Carla
A1  - Tavares Jacques, Maurício
A1  - Teixeira, Daniela
A1  - Meyer, Sören
A1  - Gralha, Thiago
A1  - Roehrs, Rafael
A1  - Camargo, Sandro
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
A1  - Bornhorst, Julia
A1  - Ávila, Daiana Silva
T1  - Ecotoxicological assessment of Uruguay River and affluents pre- and biomonitoring
JF  - Environmental science and pollution research : ESPR
N2  - Uruguay River is the most important river in western Rio Grande do Sul, separating Brazil from Argentina and Uruguay. However, its pollution is of great concern due to agricultural activities in the region and the extensive use of pesticides. In a long term, this practice leads to environmental pollution, especially to the aquatic system. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical characteristics, metals and pesticides levels in water samples obtained before and after the planting and pesticides' application season from three sites: Uruguay River and two minor affluents, Mezomo Dam and Salso Stream. For biomonitoring, the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used, which were exposed for 24 h. We did not find any significant alteration in physicochemical parameters. In the pre- and post-pesticides' samples we observed a residual presence of three pesticides (tebuconazole, imazethapyr, and clomazone) and metals which levels were above the recommended (As, Hg, Fe, and Mn). Exposure to both pre- and post-pesticides' samples impaired C. elegans reproduction and post-pesticides samples reduced worms' survival rate and lifespan. PCA analysis indicated that the presence of metals and pesticides are important variables that impacted C. elegans biological endpoints. Our data demonstrates that Uruguay River and two affluents are contaminated independent whether before or after pesticides' application season. In addition, it reinforces the usefulness of biological indicators, since simple physicochemical analyses are not sufficient to attest water quality and ecological safety.
KW  - Heavy metals
KW  - Pesticides
KW  - Contamination
KW  - Arsenic
KW  - Environmental
KW  - pollution
KW  - Uruguay River
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11986-4
SN  - 0944-1344
SN  - 1614-7499
VL  - 28
IS  - 17
SP  - 21730
EP  - 21741
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  -