TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmerbach, K.
A1  - Kalk, Philipp.
A1  - Wengenmayer, Christina
A1  - Lucht, K.
A1  - Unger, T.
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Thoene-Reineke, C.
T1  - Renal outcome in equipotent Antihypertensive Treatment with Telmisartan, Ramipril and in combination in SHR-SP Rats
JF  - Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion
N2  - Background: The ONTARGET trial revealed an association of ACEI/ARB combination treatment (telmisartan and ramipril) with adverse renal outcome versus respective monotherapy; preclinical evidence regarding renal outcome in ACEI/ARB combination treatment is scarce.
 Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats (SHR-SP) rats on a salt-rich diet were randomly allocated to 4 groups: SHR (untreated, n = 24), SHR + telmisartan (SHR-T, 2.39 +/- 0.69 mg/kg bw; n = 27), SHR + ramipril (SHR-R, 6.28 +/- 3.48 mg/kg bw; n = 27) and combination treatment (SHR-TR, 0.51 +/- 0.14 mg/kg bw; same dose for telmisartan and ramipril; n = 26). Study duration was 12 weeks, blood pressure was assessed weekly and doses were adjusted to maintain equal blood pressure. Finally, blood and urine samples were obtained and kidneys were harvested for histological studies.
 Results: Blood pressure in untreated rats rose to a maximum of 239 mmHg, whereas in all treatment groups it remained stable betvveen 140 and 150 mmHg. Mortality was 50% in the untreated group, whereas all treatment groups survived completely. Renal function - as indicated by plasma urea and cystatin c - was significantly worse in SHR-TR animals compared to all other groups. With plasma creatinine a similar trend was observed. All treatment options significantly decreased albuminuria. Renal glomerulosclerosis was decreased by monotherapy, whereas combination therapy failed to have a significant effect. Interstitial fibrosis was decreased to a similar extent by all treatment options.
 Conclusions: ACEI/ARB combination treatment failed to render significant additional benefits on renal outcome in hypertensive rats when compared to monotherapy. Instead our data indicate that dual RAAS blockade might have an adverse effect on kidney function and histology when compared to monotherapy in salt-loaded SHR-SP.
KW  - Renal failure
KW  - angiotensin receptor blockers
KW  - ACE inhibitors
KW  - telmisartan
KW  - ramipril
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2011.110622
SN  - 1433-6510
VL  - 58
IS  - 7-8
SP  - 625
EP  - 633
PB  - Clin Lab Publ., Verl. Klinisches Labor
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Sebastian T.
A1  - Jaiser, Frank
A1  - Hayer, Anna
A1  - Baessler, Heinz
A1  - Unger, Thomas
A1  - Athanasopoulos, Stavros
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Koehler, Anna
T1  - How Do Disorder, Reorganization, and Localization Influence the Hole
 Mobility in Conjugated Copolymers?
JF  - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
N2  - In order to unravel the intricate interplay between disorder effects, molecular reorganization, and charge carrier localization, a comprehensive study was conducted on hole transport in a series of conjugated alternating phenanthrene indenofluorene copolymers. Each polymer in the series contained one further comonomer comprising monoamines, diamines, or amine-free structures, whose influence on the electronic, optical, and charge transport properties was studied. The series covered a wide range of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies as determined by cyclovoltammetry. The mobility, inferred from time-of-flight (ToF) experiments as a function of temperature and electric field, was found to depend exponentially on the HOMO energy. Since possible origins for this effect include energetic disorder, polaronic effects, and wave function localization, the relevant parameters were determined using a range of methods. Disorder and molecular reorganization were established first by an analysis of absorption and emission measurements and second by an analysis of the ToF measurements. In addition, density functional theory calculations were carried out to determine how localized or delocalized holes on a polymer chain are and to compare calculated reorganization energies with those that have been inferred from optical spectra. In summary, we conclude that molecular reorganization has little effect on the hole mobility in this system while both disorder effects and hole localization in systems with low-lying HOMOs are predominant. In particular, as the energetic disorder is comparable for the copolymers, the absolute value of the hole mobility at room temperature is determined by the hole localization associated with the triarylamine moieties.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/ja308820j
SN  - 0002-7863
VL  - 135
IS  - 5
SP  - 1772
EP  - 1782
PB  - AMER CHEMICAL SOC
CY  - WASHINGTON
ER  -