TY - JOUR A1 - Burkart, Michael A1 - Alsleben, Katja A1 - Lachmuth, Susanne A1 - Schumacher, Juliane A1 - Hofmann, Ralf A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Schurr, Frank Martin T1 - Recruitment requirements of the rare and threatened Juncus atratus N2 - The long-term persistence of populations and species depends on the successful recruitment of individuals. The generative recruitment of plants may be limited by a lack of suitable germination and establishment conditions. Establishment limitation may especially be caused by the competitive effect of surrounding dense vegetation, which is believed to restrict the recruitment success of many plant species to small open patches ('safe sites'). We conducted experiments to clarify the roles of germination and seedling establishment as limiting processes in the recruitment of Juncus atratus Krock., a rare and threatened herbaceous perennial river corridor plant in Central Europe. Light intensity had a positive effect on germination. However, some seedlings emerged even in total darkness and the germination rate at 1% light intensity was more than half of that at 60% light intensity. Seedling establishment in the field after 10 weeks was 30% on bare ground, but it was close to zero in grassland. Establishment in the growth chamber after 8 weeks was close to 75% for seedlings that germinated underwater, but only about 35% for seedlings that germinated afloat. Furthermore, establishment decreased with flooding duration on bare ground, but increased with flooding duration in grassland. These data indicate that establishment, rather than germination, is a critical life stage in Central European populations off. atratus. They furthermore indicate that the competition of surrounding vegetation for water limits seedling establishment under field conditions without flooding, largely restricting establishment success to bare ground habitats. In contrast, grassland is more suitable for the recruitment off. atratus than bare ground under prolonged flooding. Grassland may facilitate the establishment off. atratus seedlings during long- lasting floods by supplying oxygen to the soil through aerenchyma. The shift from competition to facilitation in grassland occurred after 30 days of flooding, i.e. within the ontogeny of individual plants. The specific recruitment requirements off. arrows may be a main cause of its rarity in modern Central Europe. In order to prevent regional extinction off. atratus, we suggest maintaining or re-establishing natural hydrodynamics in the species' habitats. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03672530 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2009.08.003 SN - 0367-2530 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Lewinsohn, Thomas M. A1 - Kahl, Tiemo A1 - Grassein, Fabrice A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Renner, Swen C. A1 - Sikorski, Johannes A1 - Wubet, Tesfaye A1 - Arndt, Hartmut A1 - Baumgartner, Vanessa A1 - Blaser, Stefan A1 - Blüthgen, Nico A1 - Börschig, Carmen A1 - Buscot, Francois A1 - Diekötter, Tim A1 - Jorge, Leonardo Re A1 - Jung, Kirsten A1 - Keyel, Alexander C. A1 - Klein, Alexandra-Maria A1 - Klemmer, Sandra A1 - Krauss, Jochen A1 - Lange, Markus A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Overmann, Jörg A1 - Pasalic, Esther A1 - Penone, Caterina A1 - Perovic, David J. A1 - Purschke, Oliver A1 - Schall, Peter A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Sonnemann, Ilja A1 - Tschapka, Marco A1 - Tscharntke, Teja A1 - Türke, Manfred A1 - Venter, Paul Christiaan A1 - Weiner, Christiane N. A1 - Werner, Michael A1 - Wolters, Volkmar A1 - Wurst, Susanne A1 - Westphal, Catrin A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Allan, Eric T1 - Land-use intensification causes multitrophic homogenization of grassland communities JF - Nature : the international weekly journal of science N2 - Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss(1,2). Alongside reductions in local species diversity, biotic homogenization at larger spatial scales is of great concern for conservation. Biotic homogenization means a decrease in beta-diversity (the compositional dissimilarity between sites). Most studies have investigated losses in local (alpha)-diversity(1,3) and neglected biodiversity loss at larger spatial scales. Studies addressing beta-diversity have focused on single or a few organism groups (for example, ref. 4), and it is thus unknown whether land-use intensification homogenizes communities at different trophic levels, above-and belowground. Here we show that even moderate increases in local land-use intensity (LUI) cause biotic homogenization across microbial, plant and animal groups, both above- and belowground, and that this is largely independent of changes in alpha-diversity. We analysed a unique grassland biodiversity dataset, with abundances of more than 4,000 species belonging to 12 trophic groups. LUI, and, in particular, high mowing intensity, had consistent effects on beta-diversity across groups, causing a homogenization of soil microbial, fungal pathogen, plant and arthropod communities. These effects were nonlinear and the strongest declines in beta-diversity occurred in the transition from extensively managed to intermediate intensity grassland. LUI tended to reduce local alpha-diversity in aboveground groups, whereas the alpha-diversity increased in belowground groups. Correlations between the alpha-diversity of different groups, particularly between plants and their consumers, became weaker at high LUI. This suggests a loss of specialist species and is further evidence for biotic homogenization. The consistently negative effects of LUI on landscape-scale biodiversity underscore the high value of extensively managed grasslands for conserving multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. Indeed, biotic homogenization rather than local diversity loss could prove to be the most substantial consequence of land-use intensification. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20575 SN - 0028-0836 SN - 1476-4687 VL - 540 SP - 266 EP - + PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Corbett, Tim A1 - Siegel, Björn A1 - Thulin, Mirjam A1 - Csáky, Moritz A1 - Hödl, Klaus A1 - Kasper-Marienberg, Verena A1 - Berkovich, Ilya A1 - Czakai, Johannes A1 - Maślak-Maciejewska, Alicja A1 - Stechauner, Martin A1 - Dodou, Lida-Maria A1 - Heimann-Jelinek, Felicitas A1 - Nasr, Omar T. A1 - Halbinger, Monika A1 - Jánošíková, Magdaléna A1 - Keßler, Katrin A1 - Kauders, Anthony D. A1 - Piskačová, Zora A1 - Arnold, Rafael D. A1 - Schulz, Michael K. A1 - Shapira, Elena A1 - Sidky, Sean A1 - Sun, Cheuk Him Ryan A1 - Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava A1 - Tusan, Michelle A1 - Weigand, Susanne ED - Siegel, Björn ED - Thulin, Mirjam ED - Corbett, Tim T1 - Intersections between Jewish Studies and Habsburg Studies T2 - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany T2 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. N2 - In the aftermath of the Shoah and the ostensible triumph of nationalism, it became common in historiography to relegate Jews to the position of the “eternal other” in a series of binaries: Christian/Jewish, Gentile/Jewish, European/Jewish, non-Jewish/Jewish, and so forth. For the longest time, these binaries remained characteristic of Jewish historiography, including in the Central European context. Assuming instead, as the more recent approaches in Habsburg studies do, that pluriculturalism was the basis of common experience in formerly Habsburg Central Europe, and accepting that no single “majority culture” existed, but rather hegemonies were imposed in certain contexts, then the often used binaries are misleading and conceal the complex and sometimes even paradoxical conditions that shaped Jewish life in the region before the Shoah. The very complexity of Habsburg Central Europe both in synchronic and diachronic perspective precludes any singular historical narrative of “Habsburg Jewry,” and it is not the intention of this volume to offer an overview of “Habsburg Jewish history.” The selected articles in this volume illustrate instead how important it is to reevaluate categories, deconstruct historical narratives, and reconceptualize implemented approaches in specific geographic, temporal, and cultural contexts in order to gain a better understanding of the complex and pluricultural history of the Habsburg Empire and the region as a whole. T3 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. - 29 KW - Habsburg Studies KW - Jewish Studies KW - Intersections KW - Central Europe KW - Habsburg Empire KW - Habsburgstudien KW - Jüdische Studien KW - Überschneidungen KW - Zentraleuropa KW - Habsburgisches Reich Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622072 SN - 978-3-86956-574-3 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 29 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albeck-Gidron, Rachel A1 - Baraldi, Luca A1 - Bethke, Svenja A1 - Dallapiazza, Michael A1 - Denz, Rebekka A1 - Dordanas, Stratos N. A1 - Dubrau, Alexander A1 - Feinberg, Anat A1 - Gerhardt, Kristiane A1 - Grözinger, Elvira A1 - Grözinger, Karl E. A1 - Hiscott, William A1 - Jütte, Robert A1 - Kalogrias, Vaios A1 - Kinzel, Tanja A1 - Knufinke, Ulrich A1 - Lewy, Mordechay A1 - Liska, Vivian A1 - Riemer, Nathanael A1 - Schmidt Holländer, Hanna A1 - Solomon, Francisca A1 - Szulc, Michał A1 - Talabardon, Susanne A1 - Ulmer, Martin A1 - Wagner, Birgitt ED - Denz, Rebekka ED - Jurewicz, Grażyna T1 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. = Ghetto : Räume und Grenzen im Judentum N2 - Unter Rekurs auf zwei historische Erscheinungsformen des Ghettos – auf jüdische Wohnviertel der Frühen Neuzeit und nationalsozialistische Ghettos – wurde der Begriff ‚Ghetto’ zum Symbol von Joch und Verfolgung stilisiert. Diese Sprachpraxis etablierte eine einseitige Forschungsperspektive, die sich ihrem Gegenstand aus dem Täter-Opfer-Paradigma heraus näherte. In der jüngsten Zeit unternahm man jedoch Versuche, diese Perspektive zu brechen, indem man das Ghetto-Phänomen anhand solcher Untersuchungskategorien wie ‚Lebenswelt’, ‚Erfahrung’ und ‚Konstruktion von Raum’ sowie ‚Ambivalenz von Raum und Grenze’ befragte. Das stetig wachsende Interesse an begrifflicher Reflexion über den Sprachkörper ‚Ghetto’ und an den von ihm bezeichneten historischen Phänomenen samt ihren Widerspiegelungen in der Literatur und bildenden Künsten ist ein starkes Indiz für einen Wandel der Sehgewohnheiten innerhalb der Forschung. In Folge der vorgenommenen Differenzierungen entwickeln sich neue Fragestellungen und Ansätze, die die Reduktion der Wissenschaft von der jüdischen Geschichte und Kultur auf die Kategorien von ‚Unterdrückung’ und ‚Verfolgung’ zu überwinden erlauben. Mit dem vorliegenden Heft möchten wir einen Beitrag zu diesem Fachgespräch leisten. Die hier abgedruckten Beiträge lassen sich in zwei Kategorien unterteilen. Zum einen sind es explizite Befragungen des Ghetto-Begriffs im Dienste wissenschaftsgeschichtlicher Reflexionen oder neuer Verfahren zur Erforschung historischer Erscheinungsformen des Ghettos. Hierzu gehören die Artikel von Kristiane Gerhardt, Svenja Bethke und Hanna Schmidt Holländer sowie Birgitt Wagner. In ihren historiographiegeschichtlich bzw. methodologisch orientierten Erörterungen zeigen die Autorinnen die normative Dimension und die daraus resultierende semantische Wandelbarkeit des Ghetto-Begriffs samt ihren Konsequenzen für die Forschungspraxis. In die zweite Kategorie lassen sich wiederum phänomenologisch interessierte Untersuchungen einreihen, die entweder geschichtliche Fallstudien oder Betrachtungen literarischer Repräsentationen des Themas sind. Hierzu gehören die Beiträge von Luca Baraldi, Stratos N. Dordanas und Vaios Kalogrias, Tanja Kinzel, Francisca Solomon und Elvira Grözinger. N2 - Under recourse of two historical forms of ‘ghetto’ – a Jewish quarter in the Early Modern Era and the National Socialist ghetto – the term ‘ghetto’ became stylised as a symbol of yoke and persecution. Through everyday language this established itself as a one sided research perspective, which has the purpose of using the perpetrator-victim-paradigm. Recently people have tried to break this perspective, by analysing the ghetto phenomenon with the use of research categories, for example, ‘living environment’, ‘experience’, ‘construction and area’ as well as ‘ambivalence to the area and border’. The continuing interest in the conceptual reflection of the word ‘ghetto’, including its historical phenomenon together with its reflection in literature and the educational arts, is a strong indication of a change in the viewing habits within this field of research. Following the conducted differentiation, new questions and approaches developed which allowed one to overcome the reduction of this academic field from Jewish history and culture into the category of ‘oppression’ and ‘persecution’. By using this periodical we would like to contribute to this field of expertise. The articles, which are printed here, can be divided into two categories. Firstly there are explicit questions regarding the concept of the ghetto relating to academic historical reflections or new procedures into the research of the historical manifestation of the ghetto. The articles from Kristiane Gerhardt, Svenja Bethke and Hanna Schmidt Holländer as well as Birgitt Wagner belong to this group. In their historiography, or rather methodological orientated discussions, the authors show the normative dimension and the resulting semantic change of the ‘ghetto’ concept together with their consequences in the field of research. In the second category, on the other hand, the phenomenological interested research can be indexed as either historical case studies or observations of literary representations of the topics. The articles from Luca Baraldi, Stratos N. Dordanas and Vaios Kalogrias, Tanja Kinzel, Francisca Solomon and Elvira Grözinger belong to this group. T3 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. - 17 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-49387 SN - 978-3-86956-132-5 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 17 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER -