TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Latour, Robert A.
A1  - Reinthaler, Markus
A1  - Landmesser, Ulf
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
A1  - Jung, Friedrich
T1  - In Vitro Thrombogenicity Testing of Biomaterials
JF  - Advanced healthcare materials
N2  - The short- and long-term thrombogenicity of implant materials is still unpredictable, which is a significant challenge for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A knowledge-based approach for implementing biofunctions in materials requires a detailed understanding of the medical device in the biological system. In particular, the interplay between material and blood components/cells as well as standardized and commonly acknowledged in vitro test methods allowing a reproducible categorization of the material thrombogenicity requires further attention. Here, the status of in vitro thrombogenicity testing methods for biomaterials is reviewed, particularly taking in view the preparation of test materials and references, the selection and characterization of donors and blood samples, the prerequisites for reproducible approaches and applied test systems. Recent joint approaches in finding common standards for a reproducible testing are summarized and perspectives for a more disease oriented in vitro thrombogenicity testing are discussed.
KW  - biomaterials
KW  - blood tests
KW  - implants
KW  - in vitro
KW  - thrombogenicity
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201900527
SN  - 2192-2640
SN  - 2192-2659
VL  - 8
IS  - 21
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reinthaler, Markus
A1  - Johansson, Johan Backemo
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Al-Hindwan, Haitham Saleh Ali
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
A1  - Jung, Friedrich
T1  - Shear-induced platelet adherence and activation in an in-vitro dynamic multiwell-plate system
JF  - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels
N2  - Circulating blood cells are prone to varying flow conditions when contacting cardiovascular devices. For a profound understanding of the complex interplay between the blood components/cells and cardiovascular implant surfaces, testing under varying shear conditions is required. Here, we study the influence of arterial and venous shear conditions on the in vitro evaluation of the thrombogenicity of polymer-based implant materials. Medical grade poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were included as reference materials. The polymers were exposed to whole blood from healthy humans. Blood was agitated orbitally at low (venous shear stress: 2.8 dyne. cm(-2)) and high (arterial shear stress: 22.2 dyne .cm(-2)) agitation speeds in a well-plate based test system. Numbers of non-adherent platelets, platelet activation (P-Selectin positive platelets), platelet function (PFA100 closure times) and platelet adhesion (laser scanning microscopy (LSM)) were determined. Microscopic data and counting of the circulating cells revealed increasing numbers of material-surface adherent platelets with increasing agitation speed. Also, activation of the platelets was substantially increased when tested under the high shear conditions (P-Selectin levels, PFA-100 closure times). At low agitation speed, the platelet densities did not differ between the three materials. Tested at the high agitation speed, lowest platelet densities were observed on PDMS, intermediate levels on PET and highest on PTFE. While activation of the circulating platelets was affected by the implant surfaces in a similar manner, PFA closure times did not reflect this trend. Differences in the thrombogenicity of the studied polymers were more pronounced when tested at high agitation speed due to the induced shear stresses. Testing under varying shear stresses, thus, led to a different evaluation of the implant thrombogenicity, which emphasizes the need for testing under various flow conditions. Our data further confirmed earlier findings where the same reference implants were tested under static (and not dynamic) conditions and with fresh human platelet rich plasma instead of whole blood. This supports that the application of common reference materials may improve inter-study comparisons, even under varying test conditions.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189410
SN  - 1386-0291
SN  - 1875-8622
VL  - 71
IS  - 2
SP  - 183
EP  - 191
PB  - IOS Press
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kuhnla, A.
A1  - Reinthaler, Markus
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Maier, A.
A1  - Pindur, Gerhard
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
A1  - Jung, Friedrich
T1  - Spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation in apparently healthy subjects in relation to age
JF  - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels
N2  - Thrombotic disorders remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity, despite the fact that anti-platelet therapies and vascular implants are successfully used today. As life expectancy is increasing in western societies, the specific knowledge about processes leading to thrombosis in elderly is essential for an adequate therapeutic management of platelet dysfunction and for tailoring blood contacting implants. This study addresses the limited available data on platelet function in apparently healthy subjects in relation to age, particularly in view of subjects of old age (80-98 years). Apparently healthy subjects between 20 and 98 years were included in this study. Platelet function was assessed by light transmission aggregometry and comprised experiments on spontaneous as well as ristocetin-, ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The data of this study revealed a non-linear increase in the maximum spontaneous platelet aggregation (from 3.3% +/- 3.3% to 10.9% +/- 5.9%). The maximum induced aggregation decreased with age for ristocetin (from 85.8% +/- 7.2% to 75.0% +/- 7.8%), ADP (from 88.5% +/- 4.6% to 64.8% +/- 7.3%) and collagen (from 89.5% +/- 3.0% to 64.0% +/- 4.0%) in a non-linear manner (linear regression analysis). These observations indicate that during aging, circulating platelets become increasingly activated but lose their full aggregatory potential, a phenomenon that was earlier termed "platelet exhaustion". In this study we extended the limited existing data for spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation of apparently healthy donors above the age of 75 years. The presented data indicate that the extrapolation of data from a middle age group does not necessarily predict platelet function in apparently healthy subjects of old age. It emphasizes the need for respective studies to improve our understanding of thrombotic processes in elderly humans.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-199006
SN  - 1386-0291
SN  - 1875-8622
VL  - 71
IS  - 4
SP  - 425
EP  - 435
PB  - IOS Press
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Walter, M.
A1  - Schulze, F.
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
A1  - Jung, Friedrich
T1  - Changes in platelet morphology and function during 24 hours of storage
JF  - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels
N2  - For in vitro studies assessing the interaction of platelets with implant materials, common and standardized protocols for the preparation of platelet rich plasma (PRP) are lacking, which may lead to non-matching results due to the diversity of applied protocols. Particularly, the aging of platelets during prolonged preparation and storage times is discussed to lead to an underestimation of the material thrombogenicity. Here, we study the influence of whole blood-and PRP-storage times on changes in platelet morphology and function.
 Whole blood PFA100 closure times increased after stimulation with collagen/ADP and collagen/epinephrine. Twenty four hours after blood collection, both parameters were prolonged pathologically above the upper limit of the reference range. Numbers of circulating platelets, measured in PRP, decreased after four hours, but no longer after twenty four hours. Mean platelet volumes (MPV) and platelet large cell ratios (P-LCR, 12 fL - 40 fL) decreased over time. Immediately after blood collection, no debris or platelet aggregates could be visualized microscopically. After four hours, first debris and very small aggregates occurred. After 24 hours, platelet aggregates and also debris progressively increased. In accordance to this, the CASY system revealed an increase of platelet aggregates (up to 90 mu m diameter)with increasing storage time.
 The percentage of CD62P positive platelets and PF4 increased significantly with storage time in resting PRP. When soluble ADP was added to stored PRP samples, the number of activatable platelets decreased significantly over storage time. The present study reveals the importance of a consequent standardization in the preparation of WB and PRP. Platelet morphology and function, particularly platelet reactivity to adherent or soluble agonists in their surrounding milieu, changed rapidly outside the vascular system. This knowledge is of crucial interest, particularly in the field of biomaterial development for cardiovascular applications, and may help to define common standards in the in vitro hemocompatibility testing of biomaterials.
KW  - Platelet
KW  - platelet function
KW  - platelet rich plasma
KW  - whole blood
KW  - platelet aging
KW  - platelet storage
KW  - hemocompatibility
KW  - biomaterials
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141876
SN  - 1386-0291
SN  - 1875-8622
VL  - 58
IS  - 1
SP  - 159
EP  - 170
PB  - IOS Press
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Gross, M.
A1  - Walter, M.
A1  - Zhou, Shengqiang
A1  - Dietze, Siegfried
A1  - Rutschow, S.
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
A1  - Tschoepe, C.
A1  - Jung, Friedrich
T1  - Adhesion and activation of platelets from subjects with coronary artery disease and apparently healthy individuals on biomaterials
JF  - Journal of biomedical materials research : an official journal of the Society for Biomaterials, the Japanese Society for Biomaterials; the Australian Society for Biomaterials
N2  - On the basis of the clinical studies in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) presenting an increased percentage of activated platelets, we hypothesized that hemocompatibility testing utilizing platelets from healthy individuals may result in an underestimation of the materials' thrombogenicity. Therefore, we investigated the interaction of polymer-based biomaterials with platelets from CAD patients in comparison to platelets from apparently healthy individuals. In vitro static thrombogenicity tests revealed that adherent platelet densities and total platelet covered areas were significantly increased for the low (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) and medium (Collagen) thrombogenic surfaces in the CAD group compared to the healthy subjects group. The area per single platelet—indicating the spreading and activation of the platelets—was markedly increased on PDMS treated with PRP from CAD subjects. This could not be observed for collagen or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). For the latter material, platelet adhesion and surface coverage did not differ between the two groups. Irrespective of the substrate, the variability of these parameters was increased for CAD patients compared to healthy subjects. This indicates a higher reactivity of platelets from CAD patients compared to the healthy individuals. Our results revealed, for the first time, that utilizing platelets from apparently healthy donors bears the risk of underestimating the thrombogenicity of polymer-based biomaterials.
KW  - platelets
KW  - biomaterials
KW  - hemocompatibility
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cardiovascular implant
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33366
SN  - 1552-4973
SN  - 1552-4981
VL  - 104
SP  - 210
EP  - 217
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Froehlich, G. M.
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
A1  - Jung, Friedrich
T1  - Effect of temperature on platelet adherence
JF  - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels
N2  - BACKGROUND: Thrombogenicity is one of the main parameters tested in vitro to evaluate the hemocompatibility of artificial surfaces. While the influence of the temperature on platelet aggregation has been addressed by several studies, the temperature influence on the adherence of platelets to body foreign surfaces as an important aspect of biomedical device handling has not yet been explored. Therefore, we analyzed the influence of two typically applied incubation-temperatures (22 degrees C and 37 degrees C) on the adhesion of platelets to biomaterials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thrombogenicity of three different polymers - medical grade poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - were studied in an in vitro static test. Platelet adhesion was studied with stringently characterized blood from apparently healthy subjects. Collection of whole blood and preparation of platelet rich plasma (PRP) was carried out at room temperature (22 degrees C). PRP was incubated with the polymers either at 22 degrees C or 37 degrees C. Surface adherent platelets were fixed, fluorescently labelled and assessed by an image-based approach. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Differences in the density of adherent platelets after incubation at 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C occurred on PDMS and PET. Similar levels of adherent platelets were observed on the very thrombogenic PTFE. The covered surface areas per single platelet were analyzed to measure the state of platelet activation and revealed no differences between the two incubation temperatures for any of the analyzed polymers. Irrespective of the observed differences between the low and medium thrombogenic PDMS and PET and the higher variability at 22 degrees C, the thrombogenicity of the three investigated polymers was evaluated being comparable at both incubation temperatures.
KW  - Biomaterial
KW  - thrombogenicity
KW  - platelet adhesion
KW  - platelet activation
KW  - temperature
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-152028
SN  - 1386-0291
SN  - 1875-8622
VL  - 61
SP  - 681
EP  - 688
PB  - IOS Press
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neffe, Axel T.
A1  - von Rüsten-Lange, Maik
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Lützow, Karola
A1  - Roch, Toralf
A1  - Richau, Klaus
A1  - Krüger, Anne
A1  - Becherer, Tobias
A1  - Thünemann, Andreas F.
A1  - Jung, Friedrich
A1  - Haag, Rainer
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Multivalent grafting of hyperbranched oligo- and polyglycerols shielding rough membranes to mediate hemocompatibility
JF  - Journal of materials chemistry : B, Materials for biology and medicine
N2  - Hemocompatible materials are needed for internal and extracorporeal biomedical applications, which should be realizable by reducing protein and thrombocyte adhesion to such materials. Polyethers have been demonstrated to be highly efficient in this respect on smooth surfaces. Here, we investigate the grafting of oligo- and polyglycerols to rough poly(ether imide) membranes as a polymer relevant to biomedical applications and show the reduction of protein and thrombocyte adhesion as well as thrombocyte activation. It could be demonstrated that, by performing surface grafting with oligo-and polyglycerols of relatively high polydispersity (>1.5) and several reactive groups for surface anchoring, full surface shielding can be reached, which leads to reduced protein adsorption of albumin and fibrinogen. In addition, adherent thrombocytes were not activated. This could be clearly shown by immunostaining adherent proteins and analyzing the thrombocyte covered area. The presented work provides an important strategy for the development of application relevant hemocompatible 3D structured materials.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00184b
SN  - 2050-750X
SN  - 2050-7518
VL  - 2
IS  - 23
SP  - 3626
EP  - 3635
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lange, Maik
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Luetzow, Karola
A1  - Richau, Klaus
A1  - Scharnagl, Nico
A1  - Weinhart, Marie
A1  - Neffe, Axel T.
A1  - Jung, Friedrich
A1  - Haag, Rainer
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Surface functionalization of poly(ether imide) membranes with linear, methylated oligoglycerols for reducing thrombogenicity
JF  - Macromolecular rapid communications
N2  - Materials for biomedical applications are often chosen for their bulk properties. Other requirements such as a hemocompatible surface shall be fulfilled by suitable chemical functionalization. Here we show, that linear, side-chain methylated oligoglycerols (OGMe) are more stable to oxidation than oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG). Poly(ether imide) (PEI) membranes functionalized with OGMes perform at least as good as, and partially better than, OEG functionalized PEI membranes in view of protein resistance as well as thrombocyte adhesion and activation. Therefore, OGMes are highly potent surface functionalizing molecules for improving the hemocompatibility of polymers.
KW  - hemocompatibility
KW  - poly(ethylene glycol)
KW  - polyglycerol
KW  - polyimides
KW  - surface chemistry
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201200426
SN  - 1022-1336
VL  - 33
IS  - 17
SP  - 1487
EP  - 1492
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neffe, Axel T.
A1  - von Rüsten-Lange, Maik
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Lützow, Karola
A1  - Roch, Toralf
A1  - Richau, Klaus
A1  - Jung, Friedrich
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Poly(ethylene glycol) grafting to Poly(ether imide) membranes - influence on protein adsorption and Thrombocyte adhesion
JF  - Macromolecular bioscience
N2  - The chain length and end groups of linear PEG grafted on smooth surfaces is known to influence protein adsorption and thrombocyte adhesion. Here, it is explored whether established structure function relationships can be transferred to application relevant, rough surfaces. Functionalization of poly(ether imide) (PEI) membranes by grafting with monoamino PEG of different chain lengths (M-n=1kDa or 10kDa) and end groups (methoxy or hydroxyl) is proven by spectroscopy, changes of surface hydrophilicity, and surface shielding effects. The surface functionalization does lead to reduction of adsorption of BSA, but not of fibrinogen. The thrombocyte adhesion is increased compared to untreated PEI surfaces. Conclusively, rough instead of smooth polymer or gold surfaces should be investigated as relevant models.
KW  - biomaterials
KW  - poly(ethylene glycol)
KW  - protein adsorption
KW  - surface functionalization
KW  - thrombocyte adhesion
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201300309
SN  - 1616-5187
SN  - 1616-5195
VL  - 13
IS  - 12
SP  - 1720
EP  - 1729
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Piluso, Susanna
A1  - Vukicevie, Radovan
A1  - Nöchel, Ulrich
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
A1  - Neffe, Axel T.
T1  - Sequential alkyne-azide cycloadditions for functionalized gelatin hydrogel formation
JF  - European polymer journal
N2  - While click chemistry reactions for biopolymer network formation are attractive as the defined reactions may allow good control of the network formation and enable subsequent functionalization, tailoring of gelatin network properties over a wide range of mechanical properties has yet to be shown. Here, it is demonstrated that copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition of alkyne functionalized gelatin with diazides gave hydrogel networks with properties tailorable by the ratio of diazide to gelatin and diazide rigidity. 4,4′-diazido-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid, which has been used as rigid crosslinker, yielded hydrogels with Young’s moduli E of 50–390 kPa and swelling degrees Q of 150–250 vol.%, while the more flexible 1,8-diazidooctane resulted in hydrogels with E = 125–280 kPa and Q = 225–470 vol.%. Storage moduli could be varied by two orders of magnitude (G′ = 100–20,000 Pa). An indirect cytotoxicity test did not show cytotoxic properties. Even when employing 1:1 ratios of alkyne and azide moieties, the hydrogels were shown to contain both, unreacted alkyne groups on the gelatin backbone as well as dangling chains carrying azide groups as shown by reaction with functionalized fluorescein. The free groups, which can be tailored by the employed ratio of the reactants, are accessible for covalent attachment of drugs, as was demonstrated by functionalization with dexamethasone. The sequential network formation and functionalization with click chemistry allows access to multifunctional materials relevant for medical applications.
KW  - Click chemistry
KW  - Hydrogel
KW  - Polymer functionalization
KW  - Biopolymer
KW  - Rheology
KW  - Multifunctionality
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.017
SN  - 0014-3057
SN  - 1873-1945
VL  - 100
SP  - 77
EP  - 85
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Neffe, Axel T.
A1  - von Rüsten-Lange, Maik
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Lützow, Karola
A1  - Roch, Toralf
A1  - Richau, Klaus
A1  - Krüger, Anne
A1  - Becherer, Tobias
A1  - Thünemann, Andreas F.
A1  - Jung, Friedrich
A1  - Haag, Rainer
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Multivalent grafting of hyperbranched oligo- and polyglycerols shielding rough membranes to mediate hemocompatibility
N2  - Hemocompatible materials are needed for internal and extracorporeal biomedical applications, which should be realizable by reducing protein and thrombocyte adhesion to such materials. Polyethers have been demonstrated to be highly efficient in this respect on smooth surfaces. Here, we investigate the grafting of oligo- and polyglycerols to rough poly(ether imide) membranes as a polymer relevant to biomedical applications and show the reduction of protein and thrombocyte adhesion as well as thrombocyte activation. It could be demonstrated that, by performing surface grafting with oligo- and polyglycerols of relatively high polydispersity (>1.5) and several reactive groups for surface anchoring, full surface shielding can be reached, which leads to reduced protein adsorption of albumin and fibrinogen. In addition, adherent thrombocytes were not activated. This could be clearly shown by immunostaining adherent proteins and analyzing the thrombocyte covered area. The presented work provides an important strategy for the development of application relevant hemocompatible 3D structured materials.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 285 
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99444
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tartivel, Lucile
A1  - Blocki, Anna M.
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Jung, Friedrich
A1  - Behl, Marc
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - An Inverse shape-memory hydrogel scaffold switching upon cooling in a tissue-tolerated temperature range
JF  - Advanced materials interfaces
N2  - Tissue reconstruction has an unmet need for soft active scaffolds that enable gentle loading with regeneration-directing bioactive components by soaking up but also provide macroscopic dimensional stability. Here microporous hydrogels capable of an inverse shape-memory effect (iSME) are described, which in contrast to classical shape-memory polymers (SMPs) recover their permanent shape upon cooling. These hydrogels are designed as covalently photo cross-linked polymer networks with oligo(ethylene glycol)-oligo(propylene glycol)-oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG-OPG-OEG) segments. When heated after deformation, the OEG-OPG-OEG segments form micelles fixing the temporary shape. Upon cooling, the micelles dissociate again, the deformation is reversed and the permanent shape is obtained. Applicability of this iSME is demonstrated by the gentle loading of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) without causing any platelet activation during this process. PRP is highly bioactive and is widely acknowledged for its regenerative effects. Hence, the microporous inverse shape-memory hydrogel (iSMH) with a cooling induced pore-size effect represents a promising candidate scaffold for tissue regeneration for potential usage in minimally invasive surgery applications.
KW  - active scaffold
KW  - critical micellation temperature
KW  - hydrogel
KW  - inverse
KW  - shape-memory effect
KW  - platelet-rich plasma
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202101588
SN  - 2196-7350
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lau, Skadi
A1  - Maier, Anna
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Gossen, Manfred
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Effect of endothelial culture medium composition on platelet responses to polymeric biomaterials
JF  - International journal of molecular sciences
N2  - Near-physiological in vitro thrombogenicity test systems for the evaluation of blood-contacting endothelialized biomaterials requires co-cultivation with platelets (PLT). However, the addition of PLT has led to unphysiological endothelial cell (EC) detachment in such in vitro systems. A possible cause for this phenomenon may be PLT activation triggered by the applied endothelial cell medium, which typically consists of basal medium (BM) and nine different supplements. To verify this hypothesis, the influence of BM and its supplements was systematically analyzed regarding PLT responses. For this, human platelet rich plasma (PRP) was mixed with BM, BM containing one of nine supplements, or with BM containing all supplements together. PLT adherence analysis was carried out in six-channel slides with plasma-treated cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and poly(tetrafluoro ethylene) (PTFE, as a positive control) substrates as part of the six-channel slides in the absence of EC and under static conditions. PLT activation and aggregation were analyzed using light transmission aggregometry and flow cytometry (CD62P). Medium supplements had no effect on PLT activation and aggregation. In contrast, supplements differentially affected PLT adherence, however, in a polymer- and donor-dependent manner. Thus, the use of standard endothelial growth medium (BM + all supplements) maintains functionality of PLT under EC compatible conditions without masking the differences of PLT adherence on different polymeric substrates. These findings are important prerequisites for the establishment of a near-physiological in vitro thrombogenicity test system assessing polymer-based cardiovascular implant materials in contact with EC and PLT.
KW  - cyclic olefin copolymer
KW  - poly(tetrafluoroethylene)
KW  - endothelial cells
KW  - platelets
KW  - in vitro thrombogenicity testing
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137006
SN  - 1422-0067
SN  - 1661-6596
VL  - 22
IS  - 13
PB  - Molecular Diversity Preservation International
CY  - Basel
ER  -