TY - JOUR A1 - Jannasch, Franziska A1 - Kröger, Janine A1 - Agnoli, Claudia A1 - Barricarte, Aurelio A1 - Boeing, Heiner A1 - Cayssials, Valérie A1 - Colorado-Yohar, Sandra A1 - Dahm, Christina C. A1 - Dow, Courtney A1 - Fagherazzi, Guy A1 - Franks, Paul W. A1 - Freisling, Heinz A1 - Gunter, Marc J. A1 - Kerrison, Nicola D. A1 - Key, Timothy J. A1 - Khaw, Kay-Tee A1 - Kühn, Tilman A1 - Kyro, Cecilie A1 - Mancini, Francesca Romana A1 - Mokoroa, Olatz A1 - Nilsson, Peter A1 - Overvad, Kim A1 - Palli, Domenico A1 - Panico, Salvatore A1 - Quiros Garcia, Jose Ramon A1 - Rolandsson, Olov A1 - Sacerdote, Carlotta A1 - Sanchez, Maria-Jose A1 - Sahrai, Mohammad Sediq A1 - Schübel, Ruth A1 - Sluijs, Ivonne A1 - Spijkerman, Annemieke M. W. A1 - Tjonneland, Anne A1 - Tong, Tammy Y. N. A1 - Tumino, Rosario A1 - Riboli, Elio A1 - Langenberg, Claudia A1 - Sharp, Stephen J. A1 - Forouhi, Nita G. A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd A1 - Wareham, Nicholas J. T1 - Generalizability of a Diabetes-Associated Country-Specific Exploratory Dietary Pattern Is Feasible Across European Populations JF - The Journal of Nutrition N2 - Background: Population-specificity of exploratory dietary patterns limits their generalizability in investigations with type 2 diabetes incidence. Objective: The aim of this study was to derive country-specific exploratory dietary patterns, investigate their association with type 2 diabetes incidence, and replicate diabetes-associated dietary patterns in other countries. Methods: Dietary intake data were used, assessed by country-specific questionnaires at baseline of 11,183 incident diabetes cases and 14,694 subcohort members (mean age 52.9 y) from 8 countries, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (mean follow-up time 6.9 y). Exploratory dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis. HRs for incident type 2 diabetes were calculated by Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models. Diabetes-associated dietary patterns were simplified or replicated to be applicable in other countries. A meta-analysis across all countries evaluated the generalizability of the diabetes-association. Results: Two dietary patterns per country/UK-center, of which overall 3 dietary patterns were diabetes-associated, were identified. A risk-lowering French dietary pattern was not confirmed across other countries: pooled HRFrance per 1 SD: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.10. Risk-increasing dietary patterns, derived in Spain and UK-Norfolk, were confirmed, but only the latter statistically significantly: HRSpain: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.22 and HRUK-Norfolk: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.20. Respectively, this dietary pattern was characterized by relatively high intakes of potatoes, processed meat, vegetable oils, sugar, cake and cookies, and tea. Conclusions: Only few country/center-specific dietary patterns (3 of 18) were statistically significantly associated with diabetes incidence in this multicountry European study population. One pattern, whose association with diabetes was confirmed across other countries, showed overlaps in the food groups potatoes and processed meat with identified diabetes-associated dietary patterns from other studies. The study demonstrates that replication of associations of exploratory patterns with health outcomes is feasible and a necessary step to overcome population-specificity in associations from such analyses. KW - dietary patterns KW - principal component analysis KW - diet-disease association KW - type 2 diabetes mellitus KW - replication KW - meta-analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz031 SN - 0022-3166 SN - 1541-6100 VL - 149 IS - 6 SP - 1047 EP - 1055 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zheng, Ju-Sheng A1 - Luan, Jian'an A1 - Sofianopoulou, Eleni A1 - Imamura, Fumiaki A1 - Stewart, Isobel D. A1 - Day, Felix R. A1 - Pietzner, Maik A1 - Wheeler, Eleanor A1 - Lotta, Luca A. A1 - Gundersen, Thomas E. A1 - Amiano, Pilar A1 - Ardanaz, Eva A1 - Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores A1 - Fagherazzi, Guy A1 - Franks, Paul W. A1 - Kaaks, Rudolf A1 - Laouali, Nasser A1 - Mancini, Francesca Romana A1 - Nilsson, Peter M. A1 - Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte A1 - Olsen, Anja A1 - Overvad, Kim A1 - Panico, Salvatore A1 - Palli, Domenico A1 - Ricceri, Fulvio A1 - Rolandsson, Olov A1 - Spijkerman, Annemieke M. W. A1 - Sanchez, Maria-Jose A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd A1 - Sala, Nuria A1 - Sieri, Sabina A1 - Tjonneland, Anne A1 - Tumino, Rosario A1 - van der Schouw, Yvonne T. A1 - Weiderpass, Elisabete A1 - Riboli, Elio A1 - Danesh, John A1 - Butterworth, Adam S. A1 - Sharp, Stephen J. A1 - Langenberg, Claudia A1 - Forouhi, Nita G. A1 - Wareham, Nicholas J. T1 - Plasma vitamin C and type 2 diabetes BT - genome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization analysis in European populations JF - Diabetes care N2 - OBJECTIVE: Higher plasma vitamin C levels are associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk, but whether this association is causal is uncertain. To investigate this, we studied the association of genetically predicted plasma vitamin C with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted genome-wide association studies of plasma vitamin C among 52,018 individuals of European ancestry to discover novel genetic variants. We performed Mendelian randomization analyses to estimate the association of genetically predicted differences in plasma vitamin C with type 2 diabetes in up to 80,983 case participants and 842,909 noncase participants. We compared this estimate with the observational association between plasma vitamin C and incident type 2 diabetes, including 8,133 case participants and 11,073 noncase participants. RESULTS: We identified 11 genomic regions associated with plasma vitamin C (P < 5 x 10(-8)), with the strongest signal at SLC23A1, and 10 novel genetic loci including SLC23A3, CHPT1, BCAS3, SNRPF, RER1, MAF, GSTA5, RGS14, AKT1, and FADS1. Plasma vitamin C was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio per SD 0.88; 95% CI 0.82, 0.94), but there was no association between genetically predicted plasma vitamin C (excluding FADS1 variant due to its apparent pleiotropic effect) and type 2 diabetes (1.03; 95% CI 0.96, 1.10). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate discordance between biochemically measured and genetically predicted plasma vitamin C levels in the association with type 2 diabetes among European populations. The null Mendelian randomization findings provide no strong evidence to suggest the use of vitamin C supplementation for type 2 diabetes prevention. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1328 SN - 0149-5992 SN - 1935-5548 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 98 EP - 106 PB - American Diabetes Association CY - Alexandria ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rothwell, Joseph A. A1 - Murphy, Neil A1 - Aleksandrova, Krasimira A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd A1 - Bešević, Jelena A1 - Kliemann, Nathalie A1 - Jenab, Mazda A1 - Ferrari, Pietro A1 - Achaintre, David A1 - Gicquiau, Audrey A1 - Vozar, Béatrice A1 - Scalbert, Augustin A1 - Huybrechts, Inge A1 - Freisling, Heinz A1 - Prehn, Cornelia A1 - Adamski, Jerzy A1 - Cross, Amanda J. A1 - Pala, Valeria Maria A1 - Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine A1 - Dahm, Christina C. A1 - Overvad, Kim A1 - Gram, Inger Torhild A1 - Sandanger, Torkjel M. A1 - Skeie, Guri A1 - Jakszyn, Paula A1 - Tsilidis, Kostas K. A1 - Hughes, David J. A1 - van Guelpen, Bethany A1 - Bodén, Stina A1 - Sánchez, Maria-José A1 - Schmidt, Julie A. A1 - Katzke, Verena A1 - Kühn, Tilman A1 - Colorado-Yohar, Sandra A1 - Tumino, Rosario A1 - Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas A1 - Vineis, Paolo A1 - Masala, Giovanna A1 - Panico, Salvatore A1 - Eriksen, Anne Kirstine A1 - Tjønneland, Anne A1 - Aune, Dagfinn A1 - Weiderpass, Elisabete A1 - Severi, Gianluca A1 - Chajès, Véronique A1 - Gunter, Marc J. T1 - Metabolic signatures of healthy lifestyle patterns and colorectal cancer risk in a European cohort JF - Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology N2 - BACKGROUND & AIMS: Colorectal cancer risk can be lowered by adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guidelines. We derived metabolic signatures of adherence to these guidelines and tested their associations with colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. METHODS: Scores reflecting adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations (scale, 1-5) were calculated from participant data on weight maintenance, physical activity, diet, and alcohol among a discovery set of 5738 cancer-free European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition participants with metabolomics data. Partial least-squares regression was used to derive fatty acid and endogenous metabolite signatures of the WCRF/AICR score in this group. In an independent set of 1608 colorectal cancer cases and matched controls, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated for colorectal cancer risk per unit increase in WCRF/AICR score and per the corresponding change in metabolic signatures using multivariable conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Higher WCRF/AICR scores were characterized by metabolic signatures of increased odd-chain fatty acids, serine, glycine, and specific phosphatidylcholines. Signatures were inversely associated more strongly with colorectal cancer risk (fatty acids: OR, 0.51 per unit increase; 95% CI, 0.29-0.90; endogenous metabolites: OR, 0.62 per unit change; 95% CI, 0.50-0.78) than the WCRF/AICR score (OR, 0.93 per unit change; 95% CI, 0.86-1.00) overall. Signature associations were stronger in male compared with female participants. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolite profiles reflecting adherence to WCRF/AICR guidelines and additional lifestyle or biological risk factors were associated with colorectal cancer. Measuring a specific panel of metabolites representative of a healthy or unhealthy lifestyle may identify strata of the population at higher risk of colorectal cancer. KW - colorectal neoplasm KW - risk factors KW - World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Recommendations KW - targeted metabolomics Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.11.045 SN - 1542-3565 SN - 1542-7714 VL - 20 SP - E1061 EP - E1082 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Botteri, Edoardo A1 - Peveri, Giulia A1 - Berstad, Paula A1 - Bagnardi, Vincenzo A1 - Chen, Sairah L. F. A1 - Sandanger, Torkjel M. A1 - Hoff, Geir A1 - Dahm, Christina C. A1 - Antoniussen, Christian S. A1 - Tjonneland, Anne A1 - Eriksen, Anne Kirstine A1 - Skeie, Guri A1 - Perez-Cornago, Aurora A1 - Huerta, Jose Maria A1 - Jakszyn, Paula A1 - Harlid, Sophia A1 - Sundstroem, Bjoern A1 - Barricarte, Aurelio A1 - Monninkhof, Evelyn M. A1 - Derksen, Jeroen W. G. A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd A1 - Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas A1 - Sanchez, Maria-Jose A1 - Cross, Amanda J. A1 - Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. A1 - De Magistris, Maria Santucci A1 - Kaaks, Rudolf A1 - Katzke, Verena A1 - Rothwell, Joseph A. A1 - Laouali, Nasser A1 - Severi, Gianluca A1 - Amiano, Pilar A1 - Contiero, Paolo A1 - Sacerdote, Carlotta A1 - Goldberg, Marcel A1 - Touvier, Mathilde A1 - Freisling, Heinz A1 - Viallon, Vivian A1 - Weiderpass, Elisabete A1 - Riboli, Elio A1 - Gunter, Marc J. A1 - Jenab, Mazda A1 - Ferrari, Pietro T1 - Changes in lifestyle and risk of colorectal cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition JF - The American journal of gastroenterology : AJG N2 - INTRODUCTION: We investigated the impact of changes in lifestyle habits on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in a multicountry European cohort. METHODS: We used baseline and follow-up questionnaire data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer cohort to assess changes in lifestyle habits and their associations with CRC development. We calculated a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score based on smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and physical activity collected at the 2 time points. HLI ranged from 0 (most unfavorable) to 16 (most favorable). We estimated the association between HLI changes and CRC risk using Cox regression models and reported hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Among 295,865 participants, 2,799 CRC cases were observed over a median of 7.8 years. The median time between questionnaires was 5.7 years. Each unit increase in HLI from the baseline to the follow-up assessment was associated with a statistically significant 3% lower CRC risk. Among participants in the top tertile at baseline (HLI > 11), those in the bottom tertile at follow-up (HLI <= 9) had a higher CRC risk (HR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02-1.75) than those remaining in the top tertile. Among individuals in the bottom tertile at baseline, those in the top tertile at follow-up had a lower risk (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.59-1.00) than those remaining in the bottom tertile. DISCUSSION: Improving adherence to a healthy lifestyle was inversely associated with CRC risk, while worsening adherence was positively associated with CRC risk. These results justify and support recommendations for healthy lifestyle changes and healthy lifestyle maintenance for CRC prevention. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000002065 SN - 0002-9270 SN - 1572-0241 VL - 118 IS - 4 SP - 702 EP - 711 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER -