TY  - BOOK
A1  - Chen, Rui
A1  - Liu, Jiaqi
A1  - Niu, Wenyuan
A1  - Deng, Xiangzheng
A1  - Mu, Guijin
A1  - Wagner, Mayke
A1  - Geldmacher, Karl
T1  - Critical controlling of PRED system of oasis ecology in the arid region of central Asia : a case study of Keriya River Valley oases, Xinjiang
T3  - Ecosystems dynamics, ecosystem-society interactions, and remote sensing applications for semi-arid and arid land
N2  - Oases is a special ecosystem formed in arid climate and hungriness environment, in which resident, water and soil are the principal factor and exchanges of materials, energy and information are the main functional characteristics. The oases regions in central Asia are not only the basilic cradle of civilization of human beings, but also the important strategic places in world growing awareness of the potential benefits. We choose Keriya River Basin oases in south of Xinjiang as a case to study critical controlling of Oases Evolution, Based on the theories and methods used for environmental geology, physical geography, land resource research, and oases ecology. This study try to indicate the essential factors driving the oases ecosystem and the interactional dynamic mechanism in different scales and levels, confirm the optimal equilibrium aggregate of harmonious development between Population, Resources, Environment and Development, and establish the critical controlling pattern of sustainable development. We advance the indicator system to research the evolution of the PRED System of oases in Keriya River valley oases, in basis of the information derived from the field investigation and local materials. According to inquisitional result based on technical support of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sense (RS), the comparisons and analyses are carried out in land use at the upper reaches, vegetation change in the middle reaches, and desertification at the lower reaches, which narrates the regulations of Keriya River Valley oases land cover dynamic change. The main land cover types represent distinct characteristics of the local place. On the basis of field survey and statistical data, we use ARCINFO software to preprocess these data and the 2 TM satellite images. Through analyzing these images resulting from post- classification compare, we sums up the concrete quantificational dynamic distributed data of 13 land types covering a span of 15 years and regulation of the local ecological environment system. It finally points out that the trend of Keriya River Valley oases desertification expansion is mainly related to two important reasons: impact of natural environment and impact of human activities.
T2  - 24 - 27 October 2002, Hangzhou, China
Y1  - 2003
UR  - 1960 = doi:10.1117/12.466176
SN  - 0-8194-4676-9
VL  - 4890
PB  - SPIE
CY  - Bellingham, Wash.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Liu, Rui
A1  - Kliem, Bernhard
A1  - Toeroek, Tibor
A1  - Liu, Chang
A1  - Titov, Viacheslav S.
A1  - Lionello, Roberto
A1  - Linker, Jon A.
A1  - Wang, Haimin
T1  - Slow rise and partial eruption of a double-decker filament. I. observations and interpretation
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We study an active-region dextral filament that was composed of two branches separated in height by about 13 Mm, as inferred from three-dimensional reconstruction by combining SDO and STEREO-B observations. This "double-decker" configuration sustained for days before the upper branch erupted with a GOES-class M1.0 flare on 2010 August 7. Analyzing this evolution, we obtain the following main results. (1) During the hours before the eruption, filament threads within the lower branch were observed to intermittently brighten up, lift upward, and then merge with the upper branch. The merging process contributed magnetic flux and current to the upper branch, resulting in its quasi-static ascent. (2) This transfer might serve as the key mechanism for the upper branch to lose equilibrium by reaching the limiting flux that can be stably held down by the overlying field or by reaching the threshold of the torus instability. (3) The erupting branch first straightened from a reverse S shape that followed the polarity inversion line and then writhed into a forward S shape. This shows a transfer of left-handed helicity in a sequence of writhe-twist-writhe. The fact that the initial writhe is converted into the twist of the flux rope excludes the helical kink instability as the trigger process of the eruption, but supports the occurrence of the instability in the main phase, which is indeed indicated by the very strong writhing motion. (4) A hard X-ray sigmoid, likely of coronal origin, formed in the gap between the two original filament branches in the impulsive phase of the associated flare. This supports a model of transient sigmoids forming in the vertical flare current sheet. (5) Left-handed magnetic helicity is inferred for both branches of the dextral filament. (6) Two types of force-free magnetic configurations are compatible with the data, a double flux rope equilibrium and a single flux rope situated above a loop arcade.
KW  - Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
KW  - Sun: filaments, prominences
KW  - Sun: flares
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/59
SN  - 0004-637X
VL  - 756
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Wei-Hong
A1  - Köhler, Barbara
A1  - Cao, Feng-Qiu
A1  - Liu, Guo-Wei
A1  - Gong, Yuan-Yong
A1  - Sheng, Song
A1  - Song, Qi-Chao
A1  - Cheng, Xiao-Yuan
A1  - Garnett, Trevor
A1  - Okamoto, Mamoru
A1  - Qin, Rui
A1  - Müller-Röber, Bernd
A1  - Tester, Mark
A1  - Liu, Lai-Hua
T1  - Rice DUR3 mediates high-affinity urea transport and plays an effective role in improvement of urea acquisition and utilization when expressed in Arabidopsis
JF  - New phytologist : international journal of plant science
N2  - Despite the great agricultural and ecological importance of efficient use of urea-containing nitrogen fertilizers by crops, molecular and physiological identities of urea transport in higher plants have been investigated only in Arabidopsis. We performed short-time urea-influx assays which have identified a low-affinity and high-affinity (Km of 7.55 mu M) transport system for urea-uptake by rice roots (Oryza sativa). A high-affinity urea transporter OsDUR3 from rice was functionally characterized here for the first time among crops. OsDUR3 encodes an integral membrane-protein with 721 amino acid residues and 15 predicted transmembrane domains. Heterologous expression demonstrated that OsDUR3 restored yeast dur3-mutant growth on urea and facilitated urea import with a Km of c. 10 mu M in Xenopus oocytes. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed upregulation of OsDUR3 in rice roots under nitrogen-deficiency and urea-resupply after nitrogen-starvation. Importantly, overexpression of OsDUR3 complemented the Arabidopsis atdur3-1 mutant, improving growth on low urea and increasing root urea-uptake markedly. Together with its plasma membrane localization detected by green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagging and with findings that disruption of OsDUR3 by T-DNA reduces rice growth on urea and urea uptake, we suggest that OsDUR3 is an active urea transporter that plays a significant role in effective urea acquisition and utilisation in rice.
KW  - high-affinity transporter
KW  - leaf senescence
KW  - nitrogen remobilization
KW  - OsDUR3
KW  - overexpression
KW  - rice plant
KW  - urea transport and utilization
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03929.x
SN  - 0028-646X
VL  - 193
IS  - 2
SP  - 432
EP  - 444
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Liu, Rui
A1  - Liu, Chang
A1  - Xu, Yan
A1  - Liu, Wei
A1  - Kliem, Bernhard
A1  - Wang, Haimin
T1  - Observation of a moretown wave and wave-filament interactions associated with the renowned X9 flare on 1990 May 24
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - Using Big Bear Solar Observatory film data recently digitized at NJIT, we investigate a Moreton wave associated with an X9 flare on 1990 May 24, as well as its interactions with four filaments F1-F4 located close to the flaring region. The interaction yields interesting insight into physical properties of both the wave and the filaments. The first clear Moreton wavefront appears at the flaring-region periphery at approximately the same time as the peak of a microwave burst and the first of two gamma-ray peaks. The wavefront propagates at different speeds ranging from 1500-2600 km s(-1) in different directions, reaching as far as 600 Mm away from the flaring site. Sequential chromospheric brightenings are observed ahead of the Moreton wavefront. A slower diffuse front at 300-600 km s(-1) is observed to trail the fast Moreton wavefront about one minute after the onset. The Moreton wave decelerates to similar to 550 km s(-1) as it sweeps through F1. The wave passage results in F1's oscillation which is featured by similar to 1 mHz signals with coherent Fourier phases over the filament, the activation of F3 and F4 followed by gradual recovery, but no disturbance in F2. Different height and magnetic environment together may account for the distinct responses of the filaments to the wave passage. The wavefront bulges at F4, whose spine is oriented perpendicular to the upcoming wavefront. The deformation of the wavefront is suggested to be due to both the forward inclination of the wavefront and the enhancement of the local Alfven speed within the filament channel.
KW  - Sun: filaments, prominences
KW  - Sun: flares
KW  - Sun: oscillations
KW  - waves
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/773/2/166
SN  - 0004-637X
VL  - 773
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kliem, Bernhard
A1  - Toeroek, Tibor
A1  - Titov, Viacheslav S.
A1  - Lionello, Roberto
A1  - Linker, Jon A.
A1  - Liu, Rui
A1  - Liu, Chang
A1  - Wang, Haimin
T1  - Slow rise and partial eruption of a double-decker filament. II. A double flux rope model
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - Force-free equilibria containing two vertically arranged magnetic flux ropes of like chirality and current direction are considered as a model for split filaments/prominences and filament-sigmoid systems. Such equilibria are constructed analytically through an extension of the methods developed in Titov & Demoulin and numerically through an evolutionary sequence including shear flows, flux emergence, and flux cancellation in the photospheric boundary. It is demonstrated that the analytical equilibria are stable if an external toroidal (shear) field component exceeding a threshold value is included. If this component decreases sufficiently, then both flux ropes turn unstable for conditions typical of solar active regions, with the lower rope typically becoming unstable first. Either both flux ropes erupt upward, or only the upper rope erupts while the lower rope reconnects with the ambient flux low in the corona and is destroyed. However, for shear field strengths staying somewhat above the threshold value, the configuration also admits evolutions which lead to partial eruptions with only the upper flux rope becoming unstable and the lower one remaining in place. This can be triggered by a transfer of flux and current from the lower to the upper rope, as suggested by the observations of a split filament in Paper I. It can also result from tether-cutting reconnection with the ambient flux at the X-type structure between the flux ropes, which similarly influences their stability properties in opposite ways. This is demonstrated for the numerically constructed equilibrium.
KW  - instabilities
KW  - magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
KW  - Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
KW  - Sun: filaments, prominences
KW  - Sun: flares
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/792/2/107
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 792
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xu, QingHai
A1  - Cao, Xianyong
A1  - Tian, Fang
A1  - Zhang, ShengRui
A1  - Li, YueCong
A1  - Li, ManYue
A1  - Li, Jie
A1  - Liu, YaoLiang
A1  - Liang, Jian
T1  - Relative pollen productivities of typical steppe species in northern China and their potential in past vegetation reconstruction
JF  - Science China
N2  - The Relative Pollen Productivities (RPPs) of common steppe species are estimated using Extended R-value (ERV) model based on pollen analysis and vegetation survey of 30 surface soil samples from typical steppe area of northern China. Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Asteraceae are the dominant pollen types in pollen assemblages, reflecting the typical steppe communities well. The five dominant pollen types and six common types (Thalictrum, Iridaceae, Potentilla, Ephedra, Brassicaceae, and Ulmus) have strong wind transport abilities; the estimated Relevant Source Area of Pollen (RSAP) is ca. 1000 m when the sediment basin radius is set at 0.5 m. Ulmus, Artemisia, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Thalictrum have relative high RPPs; Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Potentilla, and Ephedra pollen have moderate RPPs; Asteraceae and Iridaceae have low RPPs. The reliability test of RPPs revealed that most of the RPPs are reliable in past vegetation reconstruction. However, the RPPs of Asteraceae and Iridaceae are obviously underestimated, and those of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Ephedra are either slightly underestimated or slightly overestimated, suggesting that those RPPs should be considered with caution. These RPPs were applied to estimating plant abundances for two fossil pollen spectra (from the Lake Bayanchagan and Lake Haoluku) covering the Holocene in typical steppe area, using the "Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites" (REVEALS) model. The RPPs-based vegetation reconstruction revealed that meadow-steppe dominated by Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Artemisia plants flourished in this area before 6500-5600 cal yr BP, and then was replaced by present typical steppe.
KW  - typical steppe
KW  - modern surface pollen
KW  - relative pollen productivity
KW  - relevant pollen source area
KW  - paleovegetation
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-013-4738-7
SN  - 1674-7313
SN  - 1869-1897
VL  - 57
IS  - 6
SP  - 1254
EP  - 1266
PB  - Science China Press
CY  - Beijing
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Liu, Rui
A1  - Kliem, Bernhard
A1  - Titov, Viacheslav S.
A1  - Chen, Jun
A1  - Wang, Yuming
A1  - Wang, Haimin
A1  - Liu, Chang
A1  - Xu, Yan
A1  - Wiegelmann, Thomas
T1  - STRUCTURE, STABILITY, AND EVOLUTION OF MAGNETIC FLUX ROPES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MAGNETIC TWIST
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We investigate the evolution of NOAA Active Region (AR) 11817 during 2013 August 10–12, when it developed a complex field configuration and produced four confined, followed by two eruptive, flares. These C-and-above flares are all associated with a magnetic flux rope (MFR) located along the major polarity inversion line, where shearing and converging photospheric flows are present. Aided by the nonlinear force-free field modeling, we identify the MFR through mapping magnetic connectivities and computing the twist number ${{ \mathcal T }}_{w}$ for each individual field line. The MFR is moderately twisted ($| {{ \mathcal T }}_{w}| \lt 2$) and has a well-defined boundary of high squashing factor Q. We found that the field line with the extremum $| {{ \mathcal T }}_{w}| $ is a reliable proxy of the rope axis, and that the MFR's peak $| {{ \mathcal T }}_{w}| $ temporarily increases within half an hour before each flare while it decreases after the flare peak for both confined and eruptive flares. This pre-flare increase in $| {{ \mathcal T }}_{w}| $ has little effect on the AR's free magnetic energy or any other parameters derived for the whole region, due to its moderate amount and the MFR's relatively small volume, while its decrease after flares is clearly associated with the stepwise decrease in the whole region's free magnetic energy due to the flare. We suggest that ${{ \mathcal T }}_{w}$ may serve as a useful parameter in forewarning the onset of eruption, and therefore, the consequent space weather effects. The helical kink instability is identified as the prime candidate onset mechanism for the considered flares.
KW  - coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
KW  - Sun: corona
KW  - Sun: filaments, pominences
KW  - Sun: flares
KW  - Sun: magnetic fields
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/148
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 818
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tu, Rui
A1  - Wang, L.
A1  - Liu, Z.
T1  - Real time monitoring ground motion using GPS with real time corrections
JF  - Survey Review
N2  - The high rate GPS velocity determination technology which is based on the broadcast ephemeris and epoch differenced model can retrieve displacement of ground motion with the precision of a few centimetres to decimetres in real time. Moreover, the precision of the recovered displacement can be improved if the un-modelled errors such as broadcast ephemeris residuals, atmospheric residuals, multipath effects and high frequency noise are tackled more accurately. In this paper, we propose a method to improve the precision of the recovered displacement by appropriately making use of reference station corrections. For the reference stations, the coordinates are highly constrained to extract the error corrections that are to be broadcast via a communication link to the rover. After correcting the rover’s observations, some errors such as ephemeris residuals and atmospheric residuals are effectively eliminated or at least reduced. This improves the accuracy of the observations and thus enhances the reliability of the velocity estimation. The displacement can be recovered by integrating the estimated velocity after de-trending using a linear trend that is caused by the un-corrected residuals. The series of validation results in the experiment have shown that the displacement of the simulated motion can be real time recovered with a precision of 1–2 cm, and is thus applicable for real time monitoring of the ground motion.
KW  - Real time
KW  - High rate GPS
KW  - Strong motion
KW  - Reference station
KW  - Rover station
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1179/1752270614Y.0000000141
SN  - 0039-6265
SN  - 1752-2706
VL  - 48
SP  - 79
EP  - 85
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Yuanqing
A1  - Chen, Li
A1  - Nofal, Issam
A1  - Chen, Mo
A1  - Wang, Haibin
A1  - Liu, Rui
A1  - Chen, Qingyu
A1  - Krstić, Miloš
A1  - Shi, Shuting
A1  - Guo, Gang
A1  - Baeg, Sang H.
A1  - Wen, Shi-Jie
A1  - Wong, Richard
T1  - Modeling and analysis of single-event transient sensitivity of a 65 nm clock tree
JF  - Microelectronics reliability
N2  - The soft error rate (SER) due to heavy-ion irradiation of a clock tree is investigated in this paper. A method for clock tree SER prediction is developed, which employs a dedicated soft error analysis tool to characterize the single-event transient (SET) sensitivities of clock inverters and other commercial tools to calculate the SER through fault-injection simulations. A test circuit including a flip-flop chain and clock tree in a 65 nm CMOS technology is developed through the automatic ASIC design flow. This circuit is analyzed with the developed method to calculate its clock tree SER. In addition, this circuit is implemented in a 65 nm test chip and irradiated by heavy ions to measure its SER resulting from the SETs in the clock tree. The experimental and calculation results of this case study present good correlation, which verifies the effectiveness of the developed method.
KW  - Clock tree
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Single-event transient (SET)
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2018.05.016
SN  - 0026-2714
VL  - 87
SP  - 24
EP  - 32
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xue, Rui
A1  - Liu, Ruo-Yu
A1  - Wang, Xiang-Yu
A1  - Yan, Huirong
A1  - Böttcher, Markus
T1  - On the minimum jet power of TeV BL Lac objects in the p-gamma model
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We study the requirement of the jet power in the conventional p-gamma models (photopion production and Bethe-Heitler pair production) for TeV BL Lac objects. We select a sample of TeV BL Lac objects whose spectral energy distributions are difficult to explain by the one-zone leptonic model. Based on the relation between the p-gamma interaction efficiency and the opacity of gamma gamma absorption, we find that the detection of TeV emission poses upper limits on the p-gamma interaction efficiencies in these sources and hence minimum jet powers can be derived accordingly. We find that the obtained minimum jet powers exceed the Eddington luminosity of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Implications for the accretion mode of the SMBHs in these BL Lac objects and the origin of their TeV emissions are discussed.
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - galaxies: jets
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf720
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 871
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  -