TY  - JOUR
A1  - Houlahan, Jeff E.
A1  - Currie, David J.
A1  - Cottenie, Karl
A1  - Cumming, Graeme S.
A1  - Ernest, S. K. Morgan
A1  - Findlay, C. Scott
A1  - Fuhlendorf, Samuel D.
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
A1  - Legendre, Pierre
A1  - Magnuson, John J.
A1  - McArdle, Brian H.
A1  - Muldavin, Esteban H.
A1  - Noble, David
A1  - Russell, Robert
A1  - Stevens, Richard D.
A1  - Willis, Trevor J.
A1  - Woiwod, Ian P.
A1  - Wondzell, Steve M.
T1  - Compensatory dynamics are rare in natural ecological communities
N2  - In population ecology, there has been a fundamental controversy about the relative importance of competition- driven (density-dependent) population regulation vs. abiotic influences such as temperature and precipitation. The same issue arises at the community level; are population sizes driven primarily by changes in the abundances of cooccurring competitors (i.e., compensatory dynamics), or do most species have a common response to environmental factors? Competitive interactions have had a central place in ecological theory, dating back to Gleason, Volterra, Hutchison and MacArthur, and, more recently, Hubbell's influential unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography. If competitive interactions are important in driving year-to-year fluctuations in abundance, then changes in the abundance of one species should generally be accompanied by compensatory changes in the abundances of others. Thus, one necessary consequence of strong compensatory forces is that, on average, species within communities will covary negatively. Here we use measures of community covariance to assess the prevalence of negative covariance in 41 natural communities comprising different taxa at a range of spatial scales. We found that species in natural communities tended to covary positively rather than negatively, the opposite of what would be expected if compensatory dynamics were important. These findings suggest that abiotic factors such as temperature and precipitation are more important than competitive interactions in driving year-to-year fluctuations in species abundance within communities.
Y1  - 2007
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603798104
SN  - 0027-8424
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heneghan, Carl
A1  - Ward, Alison
A1  - Perera, Rafael
A1  - Bankhead, Clare
A1  - Fuller, Alice
A1  - Stevens, Richard
A1  - Bradford, Kairen
A1  - Tyndel, Sally
A1  - Alonso-Coello, Pablo
A1  - Ansell, Jack
A1  - Beyth, Rebecca
A1  - Bernardo, Artur
A1  - Christensen, Thomas Decker
A1  - Cromheecke, Manon
A1  - Edson, Robert G
A1  - Fitzmaurice, David
A1  - Gadisseur, Alain PA
A1  - Garcia-Alamino, Josep M
A1  - Gardiner, Chris
A1  - Hasenkam, Michael
A1  - Jacobson, Alan
A1  - Kaatz, Scott
A1  - Kamali, Farhad
A1  - Khan, Tayyaba Irfan
A1  - Knight, Eve
A1  - Kortke, Heinrich
A1  - Levi, Marcel
A1  - Matchar, David Bruce
A1  - Menendez-Jandula, Barbara
A1  - Rakovac, Ivo
A1  - Schaefer, Christian
A1  - Siebenhofer, Andrea
A1  - Souto, Juan Carlos
A1  - Sunderji, Rubina
A1  - Gin, Kenneth
A1  - Shalansky, Karen
A1  - Völler, Heinz
A1  - Wagner, Otto
A1  - Zittermann, Armin
T1  - Self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data
JF  - The lancet
N2  - Background Uptake of self-testing and self-management of oral coagulation has remained inconsistent, despite good evidence of their effectiveness. To clarify the value of self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation, we did a meta-analysis of individual patient data addressing several important gaps in the evidence, including an estimate of the effect on time to death, first major haemorrhage, and thromboembolism.
 Methods We searched Ovid versions of Embase (1980-2009) and Medline (1966-2009), limiting searches to randomised trials with a maximally sensitive strategy. We approached all authors of included trials and requested individual patient data: primary outcomes were time to death, first major haemorrhage, and first thromboembolic event. We did prespecified subgroup analyses according to age, type of control-group care (anticoagulation-clinic care vs primary care), self-testing alone versus self-management, and sex. We analysed patients with mechanical heart valves or atrial fibrillation separately. We used a random-effect model method to calculate pooled hazard ratios and did tests for interaction and heterogeneity, and calculated a time-specific number needed to treat.
 Findings Of 1357 abstracts, we included 11 trials with data for 6417 participants and 12 800 person-years of follow-up. We reported a significant reduction in thromboembolic events in the self-monitoring group (hazard ratio 0.51; 95% CI 0.31-0.85) but not for major haemorrhagic events (0.88, 0.74-1.06) or death (0.82, 0.62-1.09). Participants younger than 55 years showed a striking reduction in thrombotic events (hazard ratio 0.33, 95% CI 0.17-0.66), as did participants with mechanical heart valve (0.52, 0.35-0.77). Analysis of major outcomes in the very elderly (age >= 85 years, n=99) showed no significant adverse effects of the intervention for all outcomes.
 Interpretation Our analysis showed that self-monitoring and self-management of oral coagulation is a safe option for suitable patients of all ages. Patients should also be offered the option to self-manage their disease with suitable health-care support as back-up.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61294-4
SN  - 0140-6736
VL  - 379
IS  - 9813
SP  - 322
EP  - 334
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sporbert, Maria
A1  - Jakubka, Desiree
A1  - Bucher, Solveig Franziska
A1  - Hensen, Isabell
A1  - Freiberg, Martin
A1  - Heubach, Katja
A1  - König, Andreas
A1  - Nordt, Birgit
A1  - Plos, Carolin
A1  - Blinova, Ilona
A1  - Bonn, Aletta
A1  - Knickmann, Barbara
A1  - Koubek, Tomáš
A1  - Linstädter, Anja
A1  - Mašková, Tereza
A1  - Primack, Richard B.
A1  - Rosche, Christoph
A1  - Shah, Manzoor A.
A1  - Stevens, Albert-Dieter
A1  - Tielbörger, Katja
A1  - Träger, Sabrina
A1  - Wirth, Christian
A1  - Römermann, Christine
T1  - Functional traits influence patterns in vegetative and reproductive plant phenology - a multi-botanical garden study
JF  - New phytologist
N2  - Phenology has emerged as key indicator of the biological impacts of climate change, yet the role of functional traits constraining variation in herbaceous species' phenology has received little attention. Botanical gardens are ideal places in which to investigate large numbers of species growing under common climate conditions. We ask whether interspecific variation in plant phenology is influenced by differences in functional traits. We recorded onset, end, duration and intensity of initial growth, leafing out, leaf senescence, flowering and fruiting for 212 species across five botanical gardens in Germany. We measured functional traits, including plant height, absolute and specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf carbon and nitrogen content and seed mass and accounted for species' relatedness. Closely related species showed greater similarities in timing of phenological events than expected by chance, but species' traits had a high degree of explanatory power, pointing to paramount importance of species' life-history strategies. Taller plants showed later timing of initial growth, and flowered, fruited and underwent leaf senescence later. Large-leaved species had shorter flowering and fruiting durations. Taller, large-leaved species differ in their phenology and are more competitive than smaller, small-leaved species. We assume climate warming will change plant communities' competitive hierarchies with consequences for biodiversity.
KW  - botanical gardens
KW  - first flowering day
KW  - growing season length
KW  - leaf
KW  - traits
KW  - PhenObs phenological network
KW  - phylogeny
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18345
SN  - 0028-646X
SN  - 1469-8137
VL  - 235
IS  - 6
SP  - 2199
EP  - 2210
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -