TY  - JOUR
A1  - Trauth, Martin H.
A1  - Maslin, Mark A.
A1  - Deino, Alan L.
A1  - Junginger, Annett
A1  - Lesoloyia, Moses
A1  - Odada, Eric O.
A1  - Olago, Daniel O.
A1  - Olaka, Lydia A.
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Human evolution in a variable environment : the amplifier lakes of Eastern Africa
N2  - The development of rise Cenozoic East African Rift System (EARS) profoundly re-shaped the landscape and significantly increased the amplitude of short-term environmental response to climate variation. In particular, the development of amplifier lakes in rift basins after three million years ago significantly contributed to this exceptional sensitivity of East Africa to climate change compared to elsewhere on the African continent. Amplifier lakes are characterized by tectonically-formed graben morphologies in combination with an extreme contrast between high precipitation in the elevated parts of the catchment and high evaporation in the lake area. Such amplifier lakes respond rapidly to moderate, precessional-forced climate shifts, and as they do so apply dramatic environmental pressure to the biosphere. Rift basins, when either extremely dry or lake-filled, form important barriers for migration, mixing and competition of different populations of animals and hominins. Amplifier lakes link long-term, high-amplitude tectonic processes and short-term environmental fluctuations. East Africa may have become the place where early humans evolved as a consequence of this strong link between different time scales. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02773791
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.07.007
SN  - 0277-3791
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sammler, Svenja
A1  - Bleidorn, Christoph
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Full mitochondrial genome sequences of two endemic Philippine hornbill species (Aves: Bucerotidae) provide evidence for pervasive mitochondrial DNA recombination
JF  - BMC genomics
N2  - Background: Although nowaday it is broadly accepted that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may undergo recombination, the frequency of such recombination remains controversial. Its estimation is not straightforward, as recombination under homoplasmy (i.e., among identical mt genomes) is likely to be overlooked. In species with tandem duplications of large mtDNA fragments the detection of recombination can be facilitated, as it can lead to gene conversion among duplicates. Although the mechanisms for concerted evolution in mtDNA are not fully understood yet, recombination rates have been estimated from "one per speciation event" down to 850 years or even "during every replication cycle".
 Results: Here we present the first complete mt genome of the avian family Bucerotidae, i.e., that of two Philippine hornbills, Aceros waldeni and Penelopides panini. The mt genomes are characterized by a tandemly duplicated region encompassing part of cytochrome b, 3 tRNAs, NADH6, and the control region. The duplicated fragments are identical to each other except for a short section in domain I and for the length of repeat motifs in domain III of the control region. Due to the heteroplasmy with regard to the number of these repeat motifs, there is some size variation in both genomes; with around 21,657 bp (A. waldeni) and 22,737 bp (P. panini), they significantly exceed the hitherto longest known avian mt genomes, that of the albatrosses. We discovered concerted evolution between the duplicated fragments within individuals. The existence of differences between individuals in coding genes as well as in the control region, which are maintained between duplicates, indicates that recombination apparently occurs frequently, i. e., in every generation.
 Conclusions: The homogenised duplicates are interspersed by a short fragment which shows no sign of recombination. We hypothesize that this region corresponds to the so-called Replication Fork Barrier (RFB), which has been described from the chicken mitochondrial genome. As this RFB is supposed to halt replication, it offers a potential mechanistic explanation for frequent recombination in mitochondrial genomes.
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-35
SN  - 1471-2164
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Pokorny, Ina
A1  - Sharma, Reeta
A1  - Goyal, Surendra Prakash
A1  - Mishra, Sudanshu
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - MHC class I and MHC class II DRB gene variability in wild and captive Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) (vol 10, pg 667, 2010)
T2  - Immunogenetics
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-010-0496-2
SN  - 0093-7711
VL  - 63
IS  - 2
SP  - 121
EP  - 121
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wiesner, Kerstin R.
A1  - Loxdale, Hugh D.
A1  - Köhler, Günter
A1  - Schneider, Anja R. R.
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
T1  - Patterns of local and regional genetic structuring in the meadow grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus (Orthoptera: Acrididae), in Central Germany revealed using microsatellite markers
JF  - Biological journal of the Linnean Society : a journal of evolution
N2  - The meadow grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt), is common and widespread in Central Europe, with a low dispersal range per generation. A population study in Central Germany (Frankenwald and Thuringer Schiefergebirge) showed strong interpopulation differences in abundance and individual fitness. We examined genetic variability using microsatellite markers within and between 22 populations in a short-to long-distance sampling (19 populations, Frankenwald, Schiefergebirge, as well as a southern transect), and in the Erzgebirge region (three populations), with the latter aiming to check for effects as a result of historical forest cover. Of the 671 C. parallelus captured, none was macropterous (functionally winged). All populations showed a high level of expected and observed heterozygosity (mean 0.80-0.90 and 0.60-0.75, respectively), whereas there was evidence of inbreeding (F(IS) values all positive). Allelic richness for all locus-population combinations was high (mean 9.3-11.2), whereas alleles per locus ranged from 15-62. At a local level, genic and genotypic differences were significant. Pairwise F(ST) values were in the range 0.00-0.04, indicating little interpopulation genetic differentiation. Similarly, the calculated gene flow was very high, based on the respective F(ST) (19.5) and using private alleles (7.7). A Neighbour-joining tree using Nei's D(A) and principal coordinate analysis separated two populations that were collected in the Erzgebirge region. Populations from this region may have escaped the effects of the historical forest cover. The visualization of the spatial arrangement of genotypes revealed one geographical barrier to gene flow in the short-distance sampling.
KW  - adaptation
KW  - gene flow
KW  - diversity
KW  - landscape structure
KW  - wing polyphenism
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01698.x
SN  - 0024-4066
VL  - 103
IS  - 4
SP  - 875
EP  - 890
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie
A1  - Junginger, Annett
A1  - Olaka, Lydia A.
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Trauth, Martin H.
T1  - Environmental variability in Lake Naivasha, Kenya, over the last two centuries
JF  - Journal of paleolimnolog
N2  - Lake Naivasha, Kenya, is one of a number of freshwater lakes in the East African Rift System. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, it has experienced greater anthropogenic influence as a result of increasingly intensive farming of coffee, tea, flowers, and other horticultural crops within its catchment. The water-level history of Lake Naivasha over the past 200 years was derived from a combination of instrumental records and sediment data. In this study, we analysed diatoms in a lake sediment core to infer past lacustrine conductivity and total phosphorus concentrations. We also measured total nitrogen and carbon concentrations in the sediments. Core chronology was established by (210)Pb dating and covered a similar to 186-year history of natural (climatic) and human-induced environmental changes. Three stratigraphic zones in the core were identified using diatom assemblages. There was a change from littoral/epiphytic diatoms such as Gomphonema gracile and Cymbella muelleri, which occurred during a prolonged dry period from ca. 1820 to 1896 AD, through a transition period, to the present planktonic Aulacoseira sp. that favors nutrient-rich waters. This marked change in the diatom assemblage was caused by climate change, and later a strong anthropogenic overprint on the lake system. Increases in sediment accumulation rates since 1928, from 0.01 to 0.08 g cm(-2) year(-1) correlate with an increase in diatom-inferred total phosphorus concentrations since the beginning of the twentieth century. The increase in phosphorus accumulation suggests increasing eutrophication of freshwater Lake Naivasha. This study identified two major periods in the lake's history: (1) the period from 1820 to 1950 AD, during which the lake was affected mainly by natural climate variations, and (2) the period since 1950, during which the effects of anthropogenic activity overprinted those of natural climate variation.
KW  - Lake sediments
KW  - Diatoms
KW  - Conductivity
KW  - Lake Naivasha
KW  - Human impact
KW  - Eutrophication
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-011-9502-4
SN  - 0921-2728
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
SP  - 353
EP  - 367
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarte, Sandra
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - A Gene Duplication/Loss Event in the Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate-Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco) Small Subunit Gene Family among Accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana
JF  - Molecular biology and evolution
N2  - Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; EC 4.1.1.39), the most abundant protein in nature, catalyzes the assimilation of CO(2) (worldwide about 10(11) t each year) by carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. It is a hexadecamer consisting of eight large and eight small subunits. Although the Rubisco large subunit (rbcL) is encoded by a single gene on the multicopy chloroplast genome, the Rubisco small subunits (rbcS) are encoded by a family of nuclear genes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the rbcS gene family comprises four members, that is, rbcS-1a, rbcS-1b, rbcS-2b, and rbcS-3b. We sequenced all Rubisco genes in 26 worldwide distributed A. thaliana accessions. In three of these accessions, we detected a gene duplication/loss event, where rbcS-1b was lost and substituted by a duplicate of rbcS-2b (called rbcS-2b*). By screening 74 additional accessions using a specific polymerase chain reaction assay, we detected five additional accessions with this duplication/loss event. In summary, we found the gene duplication/loss in 8 of 100 A. thaliana accessions, namely, Bch, Bu, Bur, Cvi, Fei, Lm, Sha, and Sorbo. We sequenced an about 1-kb promoter region for all Rubisco genes as well. This analysis revealed that the gene duplication/loss event was associated with promoter alterations (two insertions of 450 and 850 bp, one deletion of 730 bp) in rbcS-2b and a promoter deletion (2.3 kb) in rbcS-2b* in all eight affected accessions. The substitution of rbcS-1b by a duplicate of rbcS-2b (i.e., rbcS-2b*) might be caused by gene conversion. All four Rubisco genes evolve under purifying selection, as expected for central genes of the highly conserved photosystem of green plants. We inferred a single positive selected site, a tyrosine to aspartic acid substitution at position 72 in rbcS-1b. Exactly the same substitution compromises carboxylase activity in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. In A. thaliana, this substitution is associated with an inferred recombination. Functional implications of the substitution remain to be evaluated.
KW  - Arabidopsis thaliana
KW  - Arabidopsis lyrata
KW  - Rubisco
KW  - gene duplication
KW  - positive selection
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr008
SN  - 0737-4038
VL  - 28
IS  - 6
SP  - 1861
EP  - 1876
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Paulus, Kirsten B.
A1  - Havenstein, Katja
A1  - Thorstensen, Sverrir
A1  - Petersen, Aevar
A1  - Lyngs, Peter
A1  - Milinkovitch, Michel C.
T1  - Alien eggs in duck nests brood parasitism or a help from Grandma?
JF  - Molecular ecology
N2  - Intraspecific brood parasitism (IBP) is a remarkable phenomenon by which parasitic females can increase their reproductive output by laying eggs in conspecific females' nests in addition to incubating eggs in their own nest. Kin selection could explain the tolerance, or even the selective advantage, of IBP, but different models of IBP based on game theory yield contradicting predictions. Our analyses of seven polymorphic autosomal microsatellites in two eider duck colonies indicate that relatedness between host and parasitizing females is significantly higher than the background relatedness within the colony. This result is unlikely to be a by-product of relatives nesting in close vicinity, as nest distance and genetic identity are not correlated. For eider females that had been ring-marked during the decades prior to our study, our analyses indicate that (i) the average age of parasitized females is higher than the age of nonparasitized females, (ii) the percentage of nests with alien eggs increases with the age of nesting females, (iii) the level of IBP increases with the host females' age, and (iv) the number of own eggs in the nest of parasitized females significantly decreases with age. IBP may allow those older females unable to produce as many eggs as they can incubate to gain indirect fitness without impairing their direct fitness: genetically related females specialize in their energy allocation, with young females producing more eggs than they can incubate and entrusting these to their older relatives. Intraspecific brood parasitism in ducks may constitute cooperation among generations of closely related females.
KW  - eider duck
KW  - indirect fitness
KW  - intraspecific brood parasitism
KW  - microsatellites
KW  - relatedness
KW  - Somateria mollissima
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05158.x
SN  - 0962-1083
VL  - 20
IS  - 15
SP  - 3237
EP  - 3250
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Epp, Laura Saskia
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie
A1  - Trauth, Martin H.
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Molecular profiling of diatom assemblages in tropical lake sediments using taxon-specific PCR and Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (PCR-DHPLC)
JF  - Molecular ecology resources
N2  - Here we present a protocol to genetically detect diatoms in sediments of the Kenyan tropical Lake Naivasha, based on taxon-specific PCR amplification of short fragments (approximately 100 bp) of the small subunit ribosomal (SSU) gene and subsequent separation of species-specific PCR products by PCR-based denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). An evaluation of amplicons differing in primer specificity to diatoms and length of the fragments amplified demonstrated that the number of different diatom sequence types detected after cloning of the PCR products critically depended on the specificity of the primers to diatoms and the length of the amplified fragments whereby shorter fragments yielded more species of diatoms. The DHPLC was able to discriminate between very short amplicons based on the sequence difference, even if the fragments were of identical length and if the amplicons differed only in a small number of nucleotides. Generally, the method identified the dominant sequence types from mixed amplifications. A comparison with microscopic analysis of the sediment samples revealed that the sequence types identified in the molecular assessment corresponded well with the most dominant species. In summary, the PCR-based DHPLC protocol offers a fast, reliable and cost-efficient possibility to study DNA from sediments and other environmental samples with unknown organismic content, even for very short DNA fragments.
KW  - diatoms
KW  - environmental DNA
KW  - lake sediments
KW  - PCR-DHPLC
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03022.x
SN  - 1755-098X
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
SP  - 842
EP  - 853
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pavesi, Laura
A1  - De Matthaeis, Elvira
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Ketmaier, Valerio
T1  - Temporal population genetics and COI phylogeography of the sandhopper macarorchestia remyi (Amphipoda: Talitridae)
JF  - Zoological studies
N2  - Laura Pavesi, Elvira De Matthaeis, Ralph Tiedemann, and Valerio Ketmaier (2011) Temporal population genetics and COI phylogeography of the sandhopper Macarorchestia remyi (Amphipoda: Talitridae). Zoological Studies 50(2): 220-229. In this study we assessed levels of genetic divergence and variability in 208 individuals of the supralittoral sandhopper Macarorchestia remyi, a species strictly associated with rotted wood stranded on sand beaches, by analyzing sequence polymorphisms in a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene coding cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). The geographical distribution and ecology of the species are poorly known. The study includes 1 Tyrrhenian and 2 Adriatic populations sampled along the Italian peninsula plus a single individual found on Corfu Is. (Greece). The Tyrrhenian population was sampled monthly for 1 yr. Genetic data revealed a deep phylogeographic break between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic populations with no shared haplotypes. The single individual collected on Corfu Is. carried the most common haplotype found in the Tyrrhenian population. A mismatch analysis could not reject the hypothesis of a sudden demographic expansion in almost all but 2 monthly samples. When compared to previous genetic data centered on a variety of Mediterranean talitrids, our results place M. remyi among those species with profound intraspecific divergence (sandhoppers) and dissimilar from beachfleas, which generally display little population genetic structuring.
KW  - Macarorchestia remyi
KW  - Talitridae
KW  - Cytochrome oxidase I
KW  - Population genetics
Y1  - 2011
SN  - 1021-5506
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
SP  - 220
EP  - 229
PB  - Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica
CY  - Taipei
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sharma, Reeta
A1  - Stuckas, Heiko
A1  - Bhaskar, Ranjana
A1  - Khan, Imran
A1  - Goyal, Surendra Prakash
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Genetically distinct population of Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) of India
JF  - Mammalian biology = Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde
N2  - We analyzed mtDNA polymorphisms (a total of 741 bp from a part of conserved control region, ND5, ND2, Cyt b and 12S) in 91 scats and 12 tissue samples of Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) populations across Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) located at the foothills of Himalayas in North Western India, Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR), and North East India. In TAL and BTR, we found a specific haplotype at high frequency, which was absent elsewhere, indicating a genetically distinct population in these regions. Within the TAL region, there is some evidence for genetic isolation of the tiger populations west of river Ganges, i.e., in the western part of Rajaji National Park (RNP). Although the river itself might not constitute a significant barrier for tigers, recent human-induced changes in habitat and degradation of the Motichur-Chilla Corridor connecting the two sides of the tiger habitat of RNP might effectively prevent genetic exchange. A cohesive population is observed for the rest of the TAL. Even the more eastern BTR belongs genetically to this unit, despite the present lack of a migration corridor between BTR and TAL. In spite of a close geographic proximity, Chitwan (Nepal) constitutes a tiger population genetically different from TAL. Moreover, it is observed that the North East India tiger populations are genetically different from TAL and BTR, as well as from the other Bengal tiger populations in India.
KW  - Bengal tiger
KW  - Population genetics
KW  - mtDNA haplotype
KW  - Terai Arc
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2010.10.005
SN  - 1616-5047
VL  - 76
IS  - 4
SP  - 484
EP  - 490
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Jena
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nahavandi, Nahid
A1  - Plath, Martin
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Mirzajani, Ali R.
T1  - Sexual and natural selection on morphological traits in a marine amphipod, Pontogammarus maeoticus (Sowinsky, 1894)
JF  - Marine biology research
N2  - Sexual selection often leads to sexual dimorphism, where secondary sexual traits are more expressed in the male sex. This may be due, for example, to increased fighting or mate-guarding abilities of males expressing those traits. We investigated sexually dimorphic traits in four populations of a marine amphipod, Pontogammarus maeoticus (Gammaridea: Pontogammaridae), the most abundant amphipod species in the sublittoral zone along the southern shoreline of the Caspian Sea. Male amphipods are typically larger in body size than females, and have relatively larger posterior gnathopods and antennae. However, it remains to be studied for most other body appendages whether or not, and to what extent, they are sexually dimorphic. Using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), we compared the relationships between body size and trait expression for 35 metric characters between males and females, and among the four populations examined by performing three different Discriminant Function Analyses (DFA). We detected several thus far undescribed sexual dimorphic traits such as the seventh peraeopods or the epimeral plates. We also found that the size of the propodus of the first and second gnathopods increases with increasing body size, and this allometric increase was stronger in males than in females. Finally, we found that the degree of sexual dimorphism in the expression of the width of the third epimeral plate varies across sites, suggesting that differences in ecology might affect the strength of sexual selection in different populations.
KW  - Caspian Sea
KW  - crustacean
KW  - dimorphism
KW  - scramble competition
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17451001003713589
SN  - 1745-1000
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
SP  - 135
EP  - 146
PB  - Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Oslo
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Struck, Torsten H.
A1  - Paul, Christiane
A1  - Hill, Natascha
A1  - Hartmann, Stefanie
A1  - Hoesel, Christoph
A1  - Kube, Michael
A1  - Lieb, Bernhard
A1  - Meyer, Achim
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Purschke, Guenter
A1  - Bleidorn, Christoph
T1  - Phylogenomic analyses unravel annelid evolution
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
N2  - Annelida, the ringed worms, is a highly diverse animal phylum that includes more than 15,000 described species and constitutes the dominant benthic macrofauna from the intertidal zone down to the deep sea. A robust annelid phylogeny would shape our understanding of animal body-plan evolution and shed light on the bilaterian ground pattern. Traditionally, Annelida has been split into two major groups: Clitellata (earthworms and leeches) and polychaetes (bristle worms), but recent evidence suggests that other taxa that were once considered to be separate phyla (Sipuncula, Echiura and Siboglinidae (also known as Pogonophora)) should be included in Annelida(1-4). However, the deep-level evolutionary relationships of Annelida are still poorly understood, and a robust reconstruction of annelid evolutionary history is needed. Here we show that phylogenomic analyses of 34 annelid taxa, using 47,953 amino acid positions, recovered a well-supported phylogeny with strong support for major splits. Our results recover chaetopterids, myzostomids and sipunculids in the basal part of the tree, although the position of Myzostomida remains uncertain owing to its long branch. The remaining taxa are split into two clades: Errantia (which includes the model annelid Platynereis), and Sedentaria (which includes Clitellata). Ancestral character trait reconstructions indicate that these clades show adaptation to either an errant or a sedentary lifestyle, with alteration of accompanying morphological traits such as peristaltic movement, parapodia and sensory perception. Finally, life history characters in Annelida seem to be phylogenetically informative.
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09864
SN  - 0028-0836
VL  - 471
IS  - 7336
SP  - 95
EP  - U113
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bonizzoni, Mariangela
A1  - Bourjea, Jerome
A1  - Chen, Bin
A1  - Crain, B. J.
A1  - Cui, Liwang
A1  - Fiorentino, V.
A1  - Hartmann, Stefanie
A1  - Hendricks, S.
A1  - Ketmaier, Valerio
A1  - Ma, Xiaoguang
A1  - Muths, Delphine
A1  - Pavesi, Laura
A1  - Pfautsch, Simone
A1  - Rieger, M. A.
A1  - Santonastaso, T.
A1  - Sattabongkot, Jetsumon
A1  - Taron, C. H.
A1  - Taron, D. J.
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Yan, Guiyun
A1  - Zheng, Bin
A1  - Zhong, Daibin
T1  - Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 April 2011-31 May 2011
JF  - Molecular ecology resources
N2  - This article documents the addition of 92 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anopheles minimus, An. sinensis, An. dirus, Calephelis mutica, Lutjanus kasmira, Murella muralis and Orchestia montagui. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Calephelis arizonensi, Calephelis borealis, Calephelis nemesis, Calephelis virginiensis and Lutjanus bengalensis.
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03046.x
SN  - 1755-098X
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
SP  - 935
EP  - 936
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Sammler, Svenja
A1  - Ketmaier, Valerio
A1  - Havenstein, Katja
A1  - Krause, Ulrike
A1  - Curio, Eberhard
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Mitochondrial control region I and microsatellite analyses of endangered Philippine hornbill species (Aves; Bucerotidae) detect gene flow between island populations and genetic diversity loss
Y1  - 2012
UR  - http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-12-203.pdf
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-12-203
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ketmaier, Valerio
A1  - Marrone, Federico
A1  - Alfonso, Giuseppe
A1  - Paulus, Kirsten B.
A1  - Wiemann, Annika
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Mura, Graziella
T1  - Mitochondrial DNA regionalism and historical demography in the extant populations of chirocephalus kerkyrensis (Branchiopoda: Anostraca)
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Background: Mediterranean temporary water bodies are important reservoirs of biodiversity and host a unique assemblage of diapausing aquatic invertebrates. These environments are currently vanishing because of increasing human pressure. Chirocephalus kerkyrensis is a fairy shrimp typical of temporary water bodies in Mediterranean plain forests and has undergone a substantial decline in number of populations in recent years due to habitat loss. We assessed patterns of genetic connectivity and phylogeographic history in the seven extant populations of the species from Albania, Corfu Is. (Greece), Southern and Central Italy.
 Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyzed sequence variation at two mitochondrial DNA genes (Cytochrome Oxidase I and 16s rRNA) in all the known populations of C. kerkyrensis. We used multiple phylogenetic, phylogeographic and coalescence-based approaches to assess connectivity and historical demography across the whole distribution range of the species. C. kerkyrensis is genetically subdivided into three main mitochondrial lineages; two of them are geographically localized (Corfu Is. and Central Italy) and one encompasses a wide geographic area (Albania and Southern Italy). Most of the detected genetic variation (approximate to 81%) is apportioned among the aforementioned lineages.
 Conclusions/Significance: Multiple analyses of mismatch distributions consistently supported both past demographic and spatial expansions with the former predating the latter; demographic expansions were consistently placed during interglacial warm phases of the Pleistocene while spatial expansions were restricted to cold periods. Coalescence methods revealed a scenario of past isolation with low levels of gene flow in line with what is already known for other co-distributed fairy shrimps and suggest drift as the prevailing force in promoting local divergence. We recommend that these evolutionary trajectories should be taken in proper consideration in any effort aimed at protecting Mediterranean temporary water bodies.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030082
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Silva-Iturriza, Adriana
A1  - Ketmaier, Valerio
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Profound population structure in the Philippine Bulbul Hypsipetes philippinus (Pycnonotidae, Ayes) is not reflected in its Haemoproteus haemosporidian parasite
JF  - Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics and infectious diseases (MEEGID)
N2  - In this study we used molecular markers to screen for the occurrence and prevalence of the three most common haemosporidian genera (Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon) in blood samples of the Philippine Bulbul (Hypsipetes philippinus), a thrush-size passerine bird endemic to the Philippine Archipelago. We then used molecular data to ask whether the phylogeographic patterns in this insular host-parasite system might follow similar evolutionary trajectories or not. We took advantage of a previous study describing the pattern of genetic structuring in the Philippine Bulbul across the Central Philippine Archipelago (6 islands, 7 populations and 58 individuals; three mitochondrial DNA genes). The very same birds were here screened for the occurrence of parasites by species-specific PCR assays of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (471 base pairs). Twenty-eight out of the 58 analysed birds had Haemoproteus (48%) infections while just 2% of the birds were infected with either Leucocytozoon or Plasmodium. Sixteen of the 28 birds carrying Haemoproteus had multiple infections. The phylogeography of the Philippine Bulbul mostly reflects the geographical origin of samples and it is consistent with the occurrence of two different subspecies on (1) Semirara and (2) Carabao, Boracay, North Gigante, Panay, and Negros, respectively. Haemoproteus phylogeography shows very little geographical structure, suggesting extensive gene flow among locations. While movements of birds among islands seem very sporadic, we found co-occurring evolutionary divergent parasite lineages. We conclude that historical processes have played a major role in shaping the host phylogeography, while they have left no signature in that of the parasites. Here ongoing population processes, possibly multiple reinvasions mediated by other hosts, are predominant.
KW  - Haemoproteus
KW  - Hypsipetes philippinus
KW  - Comparative phylogeography
KW  - mtDNA
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2011.10.024
SN  - 1567-1348
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 127
EP  - 136
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie
A1  - Epp, Laura Saskia
A1  - Trauth, Martin H.
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Hidden diversity in diatoms of Kenyan Lake Naivasha a genetic approach detects temporal variation
JF  - Molecular ecology
N2  - This study provides insights into the morphological and genetic diversity in diatoms occurring in core sediments from tropical lakes in Kenya. We developed a genetic survey technique specific for diatoms utilizing a short region (7667 bp) of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene as genetic barcode. Our analyses (i) validated the use of rbcL as a barcoding marker for diatoms, applied to sediment samples, (ii) showed a significant correlation between the results obtained by morphological and molecular data and (iii) indicated temporal variation in diatom assemblages on the inter- and intra-specific level. Diatom assemblages from a short core from Lake Naivasha show a drastic shift over the last 200 years, as littoral species (e.g. Navicula) are replaced by more planktonic ones (e.g. Aulacoseira). Within that same period, we detected periodic changes in the respective frequencies of distinct haplotype groups of Navicula, which coincide with wet and dry periods of Lake Naivasha between 1820 and 1938 AD. Our genetic analyses on historical lake sediments revealed inter- and intra-specific variation in diatoms, which is partially hidden behind single morphotypes. The occurrence of particular genetic lineages is probably correlated with environmental factors.
KW  - diatoms
KW  - DNA barcoding
KW  - historical DNA
KW  - intra-specific variation
KW  - rbcL
KW  - tropical lake sediments
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05412.x
SN  - 0962-1083
VL  - 21
IS  - 8
SP  - 1918
EP  - 1930
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dolgener, Nicola
A1  - Schröder, Christiane
A1  - Schneeweiss, N.
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Genetic population structure of the Fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina in an area of high population density  implications for conservation
JF  - Hydrobiologia : acta hydrobiologica, hydrographica, limnologica et protistologica
N2  - In this study, we report the genetic population structure of the Fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina in Brandenburg (East Germany) in the context of conservation. We analysed 298 samples originating from 11 populations in Brandenburg using mitochondrial control region sequences and six polymorphic microsatellite loci. For comparison, we included one population each from Poland and Ukraine into our analysis. Within Brandenburg, we detected a moderate variability in the mitochondrial control region (19 different haplotypes) and at microsatellite loci (9-12 alleles per locus). These polymorphisms revealed a clear population structure among toads in Brandenburg, despite a relatively high overall population density and the moderate size of single populations (100-2000 individuals). The overall genetic population structure is consistent with a postglacial colonization from South East-Europe and a subsequent population expansion. Based on genetic connectivity, we infer Management Units (MUs) as targets for conservation. Our genetic survey identified MUs, within which human infrastructure is currently preventing any genetic exchange. We also detect an unintentional translocation from South East to North West Brandenburg, presumably in the course of fish stocking activities. Provided suitable conservation measures are taken, Brandenburg should continue to harbor large populations of this critically endangered species.
KW  - Conservation genetics
KW  - Fire-bellied toad
KW  - Fragmentation
KW  - Mitochondrial DNA
KW  - Microsatellites
KW  - Translocation
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-012-1016-1
SN  - 0018-8158
VL  - 689
IS  - 1
SP  - 111
EP  - 120
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sammler, Svenja
A1  - Havenstein, Katja
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Fourteen new microsatellite markers for the Visayan tarictic hornbill (Penelopides panini) and their cross-species applicability among other endangered Philippine hornbills
JF  - Conservation genetics resources
N2  - Fourteen microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized for the endangered Visayan tarictic hornbill (Penelopides panini, Aves: Bucerotidae). In an analysis of 76 individuals, the number of alleles per locus varied from one to 12. Expected and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.87 and from 0.00 to 0.89, respectively. All primers also amplify microsatellite loci in Luzon tarictic hornbill (Penelopides manillae), Mindanao tarictic hornbill (Penelopides affinis), the critically endangered Walden's hornbill (Aceros waldeni) and the near-threatened writhed hornbill (Aceros leucocephalus). Two loci which are monomorphic in P. panini were found polymorphic in at least one of the other species. These 14 new microsatellite markers specifically developed for two genera of Philippine hornbills, in combination with those already available for the hornbill genera Buceros and Bucorvus, comprise a reasonable number of loci to genetically analyse wild and captive populations of these and probably other related, often endangered hornbills.
KW  - Aceros
KW  - Bucerotidae
KW  - Cross-species amplification
KW  - Microsatellites
KW  - Penelopides Philippine hornbills
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-011-9567-4
SN  - 1877-7252
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
SP  - 435
EP  - 438
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Girndt, Antje
A1  - Riesch, Rüdiger
A1  - Schröder, Christiane
A1  - Sehlupp, Ingo
A1  - Plath, Martin
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Multiple paternity in different populations of the sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna
JF  - Animal biology
N2  - Rates of multiple paternities were investigated in the sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna), using eight microsatellite loci. Genotyping was performed for offspring and mothers in 40 broods from four allopatric populations from the south-eastern U.S.A. along a geographic stretch of 1200 km in west-east direction and approximately 200 km from north to south. No significant differences regarding rates of multiple paternities were found between populations despite sample populations stemming from ecologically divergent habitats. Even the most conservative statistical approach revealed a minimum of 70% of the broods being sired by at least two males, with an average of 1.80-2.95 putative fathers per brood. Within broods, one male typically sired far more offspring than would be expected under an assumed equal probability of all detected males siring offspring.
KW  - Promiscuity
KW  - mate choice
KW  - multiple paternity
KW  - sperm competition
KW  - Poeciliidae
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1163/157075611X618192
SN  - 1570-7555
VL  - 62
IS  - 3
SP  - 245
EP  - 262
PB  - Brill
CY  - Leiden
ER  -