TY  - GEN
A1  - Baltes, Paul B.
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Dittmann-Kohli, Freya
T1  - On the locus of training gains in research on the plasticity of fluid intelligence in old age
N2  - Cognitive training research has shown that many older adults have a substantial reserve capacity in fluid intelligence. Little is known, however, about the locus of plasticity. Two studies were conducted to examine whether training gains in fluid abilities are critically dependent on experimenter-guided training and/or whether older adults can achieve similar improvements by themselves on the basis of cognitive skills already available in their repertoire. Several comparisons were made: (a) between test performances after trainer-guided training in ability-specific cognitive skills and after self-guided retest practice (without feedback), (b) between performances under speeded and power conditions of assessment, (c) between performances on easy and difficult items, and (d) between the relative numbers of correct and wrong answers. Results suggest that a large share of the training improvement shown by the elderly can plausibly be explained as the result of the activation and practice of cognitive skills already available in their repertoire. The results also have implications for educational practice, pointing to the appropriateness of strategies of self-directed learning for many elderly adults.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 151 
Y1  - 1988
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40288
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Baltes, Paul B.
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Lernen und Gedächtnis im Alter : über Plastizität und deren Grenzen
T1  - Learning and memory in old age
N2  - Gedächtnishöchstleistungen sind auch im Alter möglich. Dies konnte am Beispiel der »Methode der Orte« experimentell bestätigt werden. Hierbei hat sich gezeigt, daß das Gehirn über große kognitive Kapazitätsreserven verfügt. In einer speziellen Testmethode (»testing the limits«) zeigt sich aber im Hochleistungsbereich, trotz der grundsätzlichen Plastizität, ein altersbezogenes Nachlassen der Gedächtnismechanik. Offenbar gibt es biologische Grenzen in der Schnelligkeit der menschlichen Vorstellungskraft. Vielleicht gelingt es auf der Grundlage dieser Erkentnnis, einen zuverlässigen Markierungsindikator für das hirnphysiologische Altern zu finden. Daraus könnten sich auch neue Methoden zur Früherkennung von Demenzen ableiten lassen.
N2  - A very high level of performance in memory is also possible in old age. This could be confirmed, for example, by experiments using the »method of loci«. It was shown that the human brain has available a large cognitive developmental reserve capacity. Nevertheless, a special method of assessment (»testing the limits«) revealed a robust age related decrease of memory mechanics at the high performance level despite this basic plasticity. Obviously, there are biologic limits of the speed of human imagination. Perhaps it will be possible to find a reliable marker of brainphysiologic aging based on this knowledge. Furthermore, new methods in early detection of dementias might be derived from the approach described.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 150 
KW  - Lernen
KW  - Gedächtnis
KW  - Alter
KW  - Plastizität
KW  - Methode der Orte
KW  - Testing the limits
KW  - Demenz
KW  - Learning
KW  - memory
KW  - old age
KW  - plasticity
KW  - method of places
KW  - testing the limits
KW  - dementia
Y1  - 1988
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40277
ER  -