TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ludwig, Arne
A1  - Reissmann, Monika
A1  - Benecke, Norbert
A1  - Bellone, Rebecca
A1  - Sandoval-Castellanos, Edson
A1  - Cieslak, Michael
A1  - González-Fortes, Gloria M.
A1  - Morales-Muniz, Arturo
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Pruvost, Melanie
T1  - Twenty-five thousand years of fluctuating selection on leopard complex spotting and congenital night blindness in horses
JF  - Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences
N2  - Leopard complex spotting is inherited by the incompletely dominant locus, LP, which also causes congenital stationary night blindness in homozygous horses. We investigated an associated single nucleotide polymorphism in the TRPM1 gene in 96 archaeological bones from 31 localities from Late Pleistocene (approx. 17 000 YBP) to medieval times. The first genetic evidence of LP spotting in Europe dates back to the Pleistocene. We tested for temporal changes in the LP associated allele frequency and estimated coefficients of selection by means of approximate Bayesian computation analyses. Our results show that at least some of the observed frequency changes are congruent with shifts in artificial selection pressure for the leopard complex spotting phenotype. In early domestic horses from Kirklareli-Kanligecit (Turkey) dating to 2700-2200 BC, a remarkably high number of leopard spotted horses (six of 10 individuals) was detected including one adult homozygote. However, LP seems to have largely disappeared during the late Bronze Age, suggesting selection against this phenotype in early domestic horses. During the Iron Age, LP reappeared, probably by reintroduction into the domestic gene pool from wild animals. This picture of alternating selective regimes might explain how genetic diversity was maintained in domestic animals despite selection for specific traits at different times.
KW  - ancient DNA
KW  - coat colour
KW  - domestication
KW  - Equus
KW  - palaeogenetics
KW  - population
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0386
SN  - 0962-8436
SN  - 1471-2970
VL  - 370
IS  - 1660
PB  - Royal Society
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lewandowsky, Stephan
A1  - Stritzke, W. G. K.
A1  - Oberauer, Klaus
A1  - Morales, M.
T1  - Memory for fact, fiction, and misinformation : the Iraq War 2003
N2  - Media coverage of the 2003 Iraq War frequently contained corrections and retractions of earlier information. For example, claims that Iraqi forces executed coalition prisoners of war after they surrendered were retracted the day after the claims were made. Similarly, tentative initial reports about the discovery of weapons of mass destruction were all later disconfirmed. We investigated the effects of these retractions and disconfirmations on people's memory for and beliefs about war-related events in two coalition countries (Australia and the United States) and one country that opposed the war (Germany). Participants were queried about (a) true events, (b) events initially presented as fact but subsequently retracted, and (c) fictional events. Participants in the United States did not show sensitivity to the correction of misinformation, whereas participants in Australia and Germany discounted corrected misinformation. Our results are consistent with previous findings in that the differences between samples reflect greater suspicion about the motives underlying the war among people in Australia and Germany than among people in the United States
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0956-7976
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lewandowsky, Stephan
A1  - Stritzke, W. g. k.
A1  - Oberauer, Klaus
A1  - Morales, M.
T1  - Memory for fact, fiction, and misinformation : the Iraq War 2003
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 0020-7594
ER  -