TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chen, Ke
A1  - Hollunder, Barbara
A1  - Garbusow, Maria
A1  - Sebold, Miriam Hannah
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
T1  - The physiological responses to acute stress in alcohol-dependent patients
BT  - a systematic review
JF  - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
N2  - Dysregulation of physiological stress reactivity plays a key role in the development and relapse risk of alcohol dependence. This article reviews studies investigating physiological responses to experimentally induced acute stress in patients with alcohol dependence. A systematic search from electronic databases resulted in 3641 articles found and after screening 62 articles were included in our review. Studies are analyzed based on stress types (i.e., social stress tasks and nonsocial stress tasks) and physiological markers (i.e., the nervous system, the endocrine system, somatic responses and the immune system). In studies applying nonsocial stress tasks, alcohol-dependent patients were reported to show a blunted stress response compared with healthy controls in the majority of studies applying markers of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol. In studies applying social stress tasks, findings are inconsistent, with less than half of the studies reporting altered physiological stress responses in patients. We discuss the impact of duration of abstinence, comorbidities, baseline physiological arousal and intervention on the discrepancy of study findings. Furthermore, we review evidence for an associationbetween blunted physiological stress responses and the relapse risk among patients with alcohol dependence. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
KW  - acute stress
KW  - alcohol dependence
KW  - hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis
KW  - physiological reactivity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.003
SN  - 0924-977X
SN  - 1873-7862
VL  - 41
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gleich, Tobias
A1  - Spitta, Gianna
A1  - Butler, Oisin
A1  - Zacharias, Kristin
A1  - Aydin, Semiha
A1  - Sebold, Miriam Hannah
A1  - Garbusow, Maria
A1  - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1  - Schubert, Florian
A1  - Buchert, Ralph
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
A1  - Gallinat, Jürgen
T1  - Dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder and individuals at high risk
BT  - towards a dimensional approach
JF  - Addiction Biology
N2  - Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder worldwide. Although dopamine-related findings were often observed in AUD, associated neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate D2/3 receptor availability in healthy participants, participants at high risk (HR) to develop addiction (not diagnosed with AUD), and AUD patients in a detoxified stage, applying F-18-fallypride positron emission tomography (F-18-PET). Specifically, D2/3 receptor availability was investigated in (1) 19 low-risk (LR) controls, (2) 19 HR participants, and (3) 20 AUD patients after alcohol detoxification. Quality and severity of addiction were assessed with clinical questionnaires and (neuro)psychological tests. PET data were corrected for age of participants and smoking status. In the dorsal striatum, we observed significant reductions of D2/3 receptor availability in AUD patients compared with LR participants. Further, receptor availability in HR participants was observed to be intermediate between LR and AUD groups (linearly decreasing). Still, in direct comparison, no group difference was observed between LR and HR groups or between HR and AUD groups. Further, the score of the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) was inversely correlated with D2/3 receptor availability in the combined sample. Thus, in line with a dimensional approach, striatal D2/3 receptor availability showed a linear decrease from LR participants to HR participants to AUD patients, which was paralleled by clinical measures. Our study shows that a core neurobiological feature in AUD seems to be detectable in an early, subclinical state, allowing more individualized alcohol prevention programs in the future.
KW  - alcohol
KW  - D2/3 receptors
KW  - dependence
KW  - dopamine
KW  - high risk
KW  - PET
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12915
SN  - 1369-1600
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -