TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ewald, Michael
A1  - Igel, Heiner
A1  - Hinzen, Klaus-Günther
A1  - Scherbaum, Frank
T1  - Basin-related effects on ground motion for earthquake scenarios in the Lower Rhine Embayment
N2  - The deterministic calculation of earthquake scenarios using complete waveform modelling plays an increasingly important role in estimating shaking hazard in seismically active regions. Here we apply 3-D numerical modelling of seismic wave propagation to M 6+ earthquake scenarios in the area of the Lower Rhine Embayment, one of the seismically most active regions in central Europe. Using a 3-D basin model derived from geology, borehole information and seismic experiments, we aim at demonstrating the strong dependence of ground shaking on hypocentre location and basin structure. The simulations are carried out up to frequencies of ca. 1 Hz. As expected, the basin structure leads to strong lateral variations in peak ground motion, amplification and shaking duration. Depending on source-basin-receiver geometry, the effects correlate with basin depth and the slope of the basin flanks; yet, the basin also affects peak ground motion and estimated shaking hazard thereof outside the basin. Comparison with measured seismograms for one of the earthquakes shows that some of the main characteristics of the wave motion are reproduced. Cumulating the derived seismic intensities from the three modelled earthquake scenarios leads to a predominantly basin correlated intensity distribution for our study area
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-246X
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02909.x
SN  - 0956-540X
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Cierjacks, Arne
A1  - Kowarik, Ingo
A1  - Joshi, Jasmin Radha
A1  - Hempel, Stefan
A1  - Ristow, Michael
A1  - von der Lippe, Moritz
A1  - Weber, Ewald
T1  - Biological flora of the british isles: robinia pseudoacacia
T2  - The journal of ecology
N2  - This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Robinia pseudoacacia L. that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, and history and conservation.Robinia pseudoacacia, false acacia or black locust, is a deciduous, broad-leaved tree native to North America. The medium-sized, fast-growing tree is armed with spines, and extensively suckering. It has become naturalized in grassland, semi-natural woodlands and urban habitats. The tree is common in the south of the British Isles and in many other regions of Europe.Robinia pseudoacacia is a light-demanding pioneer species, which occurs primarily in disturbed sites on fertile to poor soils. The tree does not tolerate wet or compacted soils. In contrast to its native range, where it rapidly colonizes forest gaps and is replaced after 15-30years by more competitive tree species, populations in the secondary range can persist for a longer time, probably due to release from natural enemies.Robinia pseudoacacia reproduces sexually, and asexually by underground runners. Disturbance favours clonal growth and leads to an increase in the number of ramets. Mechanical stem damage and fires also lead to increased clonal recruitment. The tree benefits from di-nitrogen fixation associated with symbiotic rhizobia in root nodules. Estimated symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates range widely from 23 to 300kgha(-1)year(-1). The nitrogen becomes available to other plants mainly by the rapid decay of nitrogen-rich leaves.Robinia pseudoacacia is host to a wide range of fungi both in the native and introduced ranges. Megaherbivores are of minor significance in Europe but browsing by ungulates occurs in the native range. Among insects, the North American black locust gall midge (Obolodiplosis robiniae) is specific to Robinia and is spreading rapidly throughout Europe. In parts of Europe, Robinia pseudoacacia is considered an invasive non-indigenous plant and the tree is controlled. Negative impacts include shading and changes of soil conditions as a result of nitrogen fixation.
KW  - climatic limitation
KW  - ecophysiology
KW  - geographical and altitudinal distribution
KW  - germination
KW  - invasive
KW  - mycorrhiza
KW  - nitrogen fixation
KW  - parasites and diseases
KW  - reproductive biology
KW  - soils
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12162
SN  - 0022-0477
SN  - 1365-2745
VL  - 101
IS  - 6
SP  - 1623
EP  - 1640
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oncken, Onno
A1  - Luschen, Ewald
A1  - Mechie, James
A1  - Sobolev, Stephan Vladimir
A1  - Schulze, Albrecht
A1  - Gaedicke, Christoph
A1  - Grunewald, Steffen
A1  - Bribach, Jens
A1  - Asch, Günter
A1  - Giese, Peter
A1  - Wigger, Peter
A1  - Schmitz, Michael
A1  - Lueth, Stefan
A1  - Scheuber, Ekkehard
A1  - Haberland, Christian
A1  - Rietbrock, Andreas
A1  - Götze, Hans-Jürgen
A1  - Brasse, Heinrich
A1  - Patzwahl, Regina
A1  - Chong, Guillermo
A1  - Wilke, Hans-Gerhard
A1  - Gonzalez, Gabriel
A1  - Jensen, Arturo
A1  - Araneda, Manuel
A1  - Vieytes, Hugo
A1  - Behn, Gerardo
A1  - Martinez, Eloy
T1  - Seismic reflection image revealing offset of Andean subduction-zone earthquake locations into oceanic mantle
Y1  - 1999
ER  -