TY  - JOUR
A1  - Huss, Matthias
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
A1  - Huggel, C.
A1  - Jacobsen, Dean
A1  - Bradley, Raymond S.
A1  - Clague, J. J.
A1  - Vuille, Mathias
A1  - Buytaert, Wouter
A1  - Cayan, D. R.
A1  - Greenwood, G.
A1  - Mark, B. G.
A1  - Milner, A. M.
A1  - Weingartner, Rolf
A1  - Winder, M.
T1  - Toward mountains without permanent snow and ice
JF  - Earths future
N2  - The cryosphere in mountain regions is rapidly declining, a trend that is expected to accelerate over the next several decades due to anthropogenic climate change. A cascade of effects will result, extending from mountains to lowlands with associated impacts on human livelihood, economy, and ecosystems. With rising air temperatures and increased radiative forcing, glaciers will become smaller and, in some cases, disappear, the area of frozen ground will diminish, the ratio of snow to rainfall will decrease, and the timing and magnitude of both maximum and minimum streamflow will change. These changes will affect erosion rates, sediment, and nutrient flux, and the biogeochemistry of rivers and proglacial lakes, all of which influence water quality, aquatic habitat, and biotic communities. Changes in the length of the growing season will allow low-elevation plants and animals to expand their ranges upward. Slope failures due to thawing alpine permafrost, and outburst floods from glacier-and moraine-dammed lakes will threaten downstream populations.Societies even well beyond the mountains depend on meltwater from glaciers and snow for drinking water supplies, irrigation, mining, hydropower, agriculture, and recreation. Here, we review and, where possible, quantify the impacts of anticipated climate change on the alpine cryosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, and consider the implications for adaptation to a future of mountains without permanent snow and ice.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EF000514
SN  - 2328-4277
VL  - 5
SP  - 418
EP  - 435
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ziegenhain, Ute
A1  - Jacobsen, T.
A1  - Huss, M.
T1  - Prepubertal suicide attempts
Y1  - 1994
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hector, Andy
A1  - Hautier, Yann
A1  - Saner, Philippe
A1  - Wacker, Lukas
A1  - Bagchi, Robert
A1  - Joshi, Jasmin Radha
A1  - Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael
A1  - Spehn, Eva M.
A1  - Bazeley-White, Ellen
A1  - Weilenmann, Markus
A1  - Caldeira, Maria da Conceição Brálio de Brito
A1  - Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G.
A1  - Finn, John A.
A1  - Huss-Danell, Kerstin
A1  - Jumpponen, Ari
A1  - Mulder, Christa P. H.
A1  - Palmborg, Cecilia
A1  - Pereira, J. S.
A1  - Siamantziouras, Akis S. D.
A1  - Terry, Andrew C.
A1  - Troumbis, Andreas Y.
A1  - Schmid, Bernhard
A1  - Loreau, Michel
T1  - General stabilizing effects of plant diversity on grassland productivity through population asynchrony and overyielding
N2  - Insurance effects of biodiversity can stabilize the functioning of multispecies ecosystems against environmental variability when differential species' responses lead to asynchronous population dynamics. When responses are not perfectly positively correlated, declines in some populations are compensated by increases in others, smoothing variability in ecosystem productivity. This variance reduction effect of biodiversity is analogous to the risk- spreading benefits of diverse investment portfolios in financial markets. We use data from the BIODEPTH network of grassland biodiversity experiments to perform a general test for stabilizing effects of plant diversity on the temporal variability of individual species, functional groups, and aggregate communities. We tested three potential mechanisms: reduction of temporal variability through population asynchrony; enhancement of long-term average performance through positive selection effects; and increases in the temporal mean due to overyielding. Our results support a stabilizing effect of diversity on the temporal variability of grassland aboveground annual net primary production through two mechanisms. Two-species communities with greater population asynchrony were more stable in their average production over time due to compensatory fluctuations. Overyielding also stabilized productivity by increasing levels of average biomass production relative to temporal variability. However, there was no evidence for a performance-enhancing effect on the temporal mean through positive selection effects. In combination with previous work, our results suggest that stabilizing effects of diversity on community productivity through population asynchrony and overyielding appear to be general in grassland ecosystems.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://esapubs.org/esapubs/journals/ecology.htm
SN  - 0012-9658
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Levermann, Anders
A1  - Bamber, Jonathan L.
A1  - Drijfhout, Sybren
A1  - Ganopolski, Andrey
A1  - Haeberli, Winfried
A1  - Harris, Neil R. P.
A1  - Huss, Matthias
A1  - Krueger, Kirstin
A1  - Lenton, Timothy M.
A1  - Lindsay, Ronald W.
A1  - Notz, Dirk
A1  - Wadhams, Peter
A1  - Weber, Susanne
T1  - Potential climatic transitions with profound impact on Europe Review of the current state of six 'tipping elements of the climate system'
JF  - Climatic change : an interdisciplinary, intern. journal devoted to the description, causes and implications of climatic change
N2  - We discuss potential transitions of six climatic subsystems with large-scale impact on Europe, sometimes denoted as tipping elements. These are the ice sheets on Greenland and West Antarctica, the Atlantic thermohaline circulation, Arctic sea ice, Alpine glaciers and northern hemisphere stratospheric ozone. Each system is represented by co-authors actively publishing in the corresponding field. For each subsystem we summarize the mechanism of a potential transition in a warmer climate along with its impact on Europe and assess the likelihood for such a transition based on published scientific literature. As a summary, the 'tipping' potential for each system is provided as a function of global mean temperature increase which required some subjective interpretation of scientific facts by the authors and should be considered as a snapshot of our current understanding.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0126-5
SN  - 0165-0009
SN  - 1573-1480
VL  - 110
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 845
EP  - 878
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  -