TY  - JOUR
A1  - Döbbeling-Hildebrandt, Niklas
A1  - Miersch, Klaas
A1  - Khanna, Tarun M.
A1  - Bachelet, Marion
A1  - Bruns, Stephan B.
A1  - Callaghan, Max
A1  - Edenhofer, Ottmar
A1  - Flachsland, Christian
A1  - Forster, Piers M.
A1  - Kalkuhl, Matthias
A1  - Koch, Nicolas
A1  - Lamb, William F.
A1  - Ohlendorf, Nils
A1  - Steckel, Jan Christoph
A1  - Minx, Jan C.
T1  - Systematic review and meta-analysis of ex-post evaluations on the effectiveness of carbon pricing
JF  - Nature communications
N2  - Today, more than 70 carbon pricing schemes have been implemented around the globe, but their contributions to emissions reductions remains a subject of heated debate in science and policy. Here we assess the effectiveness of carbon pricing in reducing emissions using a rigorous, machine-learning assisted systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on 483 effect sizes extracted from 80 causal ex-post evaluations across 21 carbon pricing schemes, we find that introducing a carbon price has yielded immediate and substantial emission reductions for at least 17 of these policies, despite the low level of prices in most instances. Statistically significant emissions reductions range between –5% to –21% across the schemes (–4% to –15% after correcting for publication bias). Our study highlights critical evidence gaps with regard to dozens of unevaluated carbon pricing schemes and the price elasticity of emissions reductions. More rigorous synthesis of carbon pricing and other climate policies is required across a range of outcomes to advance our understanding of “what works” and accelerate learning on climate solutions in science and policy.
KW  - carbon and energy
KW  - climate-change mitigation
KW  - climate-change policy
KW  - economics
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48512-w
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gruber, W.
A1  - Chakravarty, S.
A1  - Baehtz, C.
A1  - Leitenberger, Wolfram
A1  - Bruns, M.
A1  - Kobler, A.
A1  - Kübel, Christian
A1  - Schmidt, H.
T1  - Strain relaxation and vacancy creation in thin platinum films
JF  - Physical review letters
N2  - Synchrotron based combined in situ x-ray diffractometry and reflectometry is used to investigate the role of vacancies for the relaxation of residual stress in thin metallic Pt films. From the experimentally determined relative changes of the lattice parameter a and of the film thickness L the modification of vacancy concentration and residual strain was derived as a function of annealing time at 130 degrees C. The results indicate that relaxation of strain resulting from compressive stress is accompanied by the creation of vacancies at the free film surface. This proves experimentally the postulated dominant role of vacancies for stress relaxation in thin metal films close to room temperature.
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.265501
SN  - 0031-9007
VL  - 107
IS  - 26
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  -