TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Schlemm, Ludwig
A1  - Haumann, Hannah
A1  - Li, Jian
A1  - Rahnenführer, Jan
A1  - Guthmann, Florian
A1  - Bamberg, Christian
A1  - Kalk, Philipp
A1  - Pfab, Thiemo
A1  - Chen, You-Peng
T1  - Offspring sex determines the impact of the maternal ACE I/D polymorphism on maternal glycaemic control during the last weeks of pregnancy
JF  - Journal of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system
N2  - Hypothesis/Introduction: We recently demonstrated that fetal sex may affect maternal glycaemic control in genetically prone mothers. We tested the hypothesis that fetal sex/fetal Y/X chromosomes might affect maternal glycaemic control during pregnancy depending on the maternal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism.
 Material and methods: One thousand, three hundred and thirty-two Caucasian women without pre-existing diabetes and pre-existing hypertension with singleton pregnancies delivering consecutively at the Charite obstetrics department were genotyped. Glycaemic control was analysed by measuring total glycated haemoglobin at birth. Correction for confounding factors and multiple testing was done.
 Results: Maternal ACE I/D polymorphism showed significant interaction with fetal sex concerning maternal total glycated haemoglobin. Total glycated haemoglobin in DD mothers delivering boys was 6.42 +/- 0.70% vs. 6.21 +/- 0.66% in DD mother delivering girls (p < 0.005), whereas the II carrying mothers showed the opposite effect. II mothers delivering a girl had a higher (p = 0.044) total glycated haemoglobin at birth (6.40 +/- 0.80%) compared to II mothers delivering boys (6.21 +/- 0.81%). There was no interaction of the ACE I/D polymorphism and fetal sex with respect to new onset proteinuria, new onset edema and pregnancy-induced hypertension.
 Conclusions: Maternal glycaemic control during the last weeks of pregnancy seems to be influenced by an interaction of the ACE I/D genotyp and fetal sex.
KW  - ACE I/D polymorphism
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - fetal sex
KW  - pregnancy induced diabetes
KW  - total glycated hemoglobin
KW  - glycemic control during pregnancy
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320310387843
SN  - 1470-3203
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
SP  - 254
EP  - 261
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Jian
A1  - Wang, Zi-Neng
A1  - Schlemm, Ludwig
A1  - Pfab, Thiemo
A1  - Xiao, Xiao-Min
A1  - Chen, You-Peng
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
T1  - Low birth weight and elevated head-to-abdominal circumference ratio are associated with elevated fetal glycated serum protein concentrations
JF  - Journal of hypertension
N2  - Objective To analyze the association between low birth weight, head-to-abdominal circumference ratio, and insulin resistance in early life.
 Method and results Glycated serum proteins (GSPs) were quantified at delivery in 612 Chinese mother/child pairs serving as a surrogate of maternal and fetal glycemia. Differential ultrasound examination of the fetal's body (head circumference, biparietal diameter, pectoral diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur length) was done in average 1 week prior to delivery. Multivariable regression analysis considering gestational age at delivery, the child's sex, maternal BMI, maternal age at delivery, maternal body weight, and pregnancyinduced hypertension revealed that fetal GSP was inversely associated with birth weight (R(2) = 0.416; P < 0.001). Fetal GSP was furthermore positively associated with the head-to-abdominal circumference ratio, whereas the maternal GSP was negatively correlated with the offspring's head-to-abdominal circumference ratio (R(2) = 0.285; P = 0.010 and R(2) = 0.261; P = 0.020, respectively). The increased head-to-abdominal circumference ratio in newborns with higher fetal GSP is mainly due to a reduced abdominal circumference rather than reduced growth of the brain.
 Conclusion The disproportional intrauterine growth is in line with the concept of so-called brain sparing, a mechanism maintaining the intrauterine growth of the brain at the expense of trunk growth. Our data suggest that the low birth weight phenotype, linked to cardiovascular diseases like hypertension in later life, might be a phenotype of disproportional intrauterine growth retardation and early life insulin resistance.
KW  - disproportional intrauterine growth retardation
KW  - insulin resistance
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - ultrasound
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e328349a2e6
SN  - 0263-6352
VL  - 29
IS  - 9
SP  - 1712
EP  - 1718
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  -